A fruit preservation method for improving the commercial rate of winter fruit of southern Kyoho grapes

Abstract

The invention discloses a fruit preservation method for improving the commercial rate of winter fruits of southern Kyoho grapes in the field of grape planting. The method comprises the following steps: after pruning the plant, planting two buds at the top, watering with sufficient water, and applying urea before the plant sprouts; spraying gibberellic acid on the plant when the plant enters the budding stage; applying high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to the plant and keeping the soil moist when the plant flowers for the first time; spraying 1000 times of chlormequat chloride on the plant leaves 10 to 15 days after the inflorescence of the plant separates, and reducing the spraying of water; shaping the inflorescence, removing the top auxiliary spike and the bottom spike tip, and keeping the inflorescence length between 8 and 10 cm; when the plant enters the initial flowering stage, soaking the inflorescence in a mixed solution of 1 ppm chlorfenapyr and 1 ppm thiadiazole, and not applying nitrogen fertilizer before the plant sets firmly in fruit; and applying high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and increasing the application amount after the plant sets firmly in fruit, while maintaining sufficient irrigation until 50% of the fruits change color. The technical solution of the present invention can significantly increase the fruit setting rate and reduce the size of grains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of grape planting, and in particular relates to a fruit preservation method for improving the commercial rate of winter fruits of southern Kyoho grapes. Background Art

[0002] Kyoho grapes belong to the genus Vitis in the Vitaceae family. Kyoho grapes are oval in shape, with a purple-black, medium-thick skin, numerous berries, and soft flesh with a fleshy sac. The fruiting season is mid-August. Kyoho grapes suffer from severe flower necrosis, low fruit set, and often drop near maturity. In southern China, especially during rainy weather during the flowering period, flower and fruit drop are particularly common. In winter, the inflorescence is relatively short, making it difficult to commercialize after fruit drop.

[0003] In the prior art, grape bunches are immersed in a growth regulator 3 to 4 days after the last flowering period. The growth regulators are 20 to 30 mg / L of gibberellin and 5 to 15 mg / L of chlorfenapyr. However, gibberellin, in addition to promoting fruit growth, prevents the normal development of the kernel in the fruit, resulting in seedless fruit. As a result, the fruit cannot fully expand, and the problem of large and small grains still exists, affecting the commercial rate of the fruit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fruit preservation method for improving the commercial rate of winter fruits of southern Kyoho grapes, which significantly increases the fruit setting rate and reduces the size of grains through nutritional control and hormone action.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a fruit preservation method for improving the commercial rate of winter fruit of southern Kyoho grapes, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: After pruning the plant, tap the top two buds, water them with sufficient water, and apply urea before the plant sprouts;

[0007] Step 2: When the plants enter the budding stage, spray gibberellic acid on the plants;

[0008] Step 3: When the plant flowers for the first time, apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to the plant and keep the soil moist;

[0009] Step 4: 10 to 15 days after the inflorescence of the plant separates, spray the plant with 1000 times of chlormequat chloride and reduce the amount of soil moisture;

[0010] Step 5: Shape the inflorescence, remove the top spike and the bottom spike tip, and keep the inflorescence length between 8 and 10 cm;

[0011] Step 6: When the plant enters the initial flowering stage, soak the inflorescence with a mixed solution of 1 ppm forchlorfenuron and 1 ppm thidiazuron for 2 to 3 seconds, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer until the plant is firmly set in fruit;

[0012] Step 7: When the plants are firmly planted and fruit is set, apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and increase the application rate. Maintain adequate irrigation until 50% of the fruit changes color.

[0013] Step 8. When the fruit changes color by 50%, apply high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and keep the soil moist until it is fully ripe.

[0014] The above scheme achieves the following beneficial effects: the purpose of budding is to advance the budding time, thereby promoting uniform budding; watering with sufficient water and applying urea ensures that the newly sprouted buds of Kyoho grapes obtain sufficient nutrition and can grow under suitable conditions.

[0015] The inflorescence of Kyoho grape winter fruit is short because the second season winter fruit of Kyoho grape blooms in late September. At this time, the sun crosses the equator and moves towards the Tropic of Capricorn. The sunshine hours in the northern hemisphere become shorter, and the amount of auxin in the grapes becomes less. In addition, the temperature is high at this time, so the growth and development of the grape inflorescence is faster than in the first half of the year. The inflorescence development time is insufficient, and the grape inflorescence becomes shorter. Gibberellic acid has the effect of promoting cell development and lengthening the inflorescence.

[0016] The growth and development of fruit trees are mainly divided into vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The two are antagonistic. Vigorous vegetative growth will inhibit reproductive growth. The fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes is high when the growth potential is relatively weak. Therefore, spraying the leaves with dwarfing chloride before flowering can inhibit the vegetative growth of grapes, promote reproductive growth, and increase the fruit setting rate.

[0017] However, when the external environment changes, insufficient light or a drop in temperature will lead to serious flower and fruit drop. Chlorpropamide has the effect of cell division and differentiation, organ formation, and promoting grape flower bud differentiation, which has the effect of preserving flowers and fruits. Thidiazuron has the effect of promoting the horizontal growth of grape fruits. The combination of chlorpropamide and thiazuron not only increases the fruit setting rate, but also reduces the size of grains. Compared with gibberellic acid, gibberellic acid also has this effect, but the core of the fruit of the grape using gibberellic acid cannot develop normally, forming seedless fruit, resulting in the fruit not being able to fully expand. No more nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the fruit is firmly set. The role of nitrogen fertilizer is to promote the growth of branches and leaves. Therefore, reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the amount of nutritional growth, thereby making reproductive growth stronger, improving the development of flower organs, and increasing the fruit setting rate.

[0018] When the temperature is above 30℃, if the concentration applied is too high, the fruit stems will become hard, which will easily lead to grape falling after maturity, reducing the commercial value of the grapes. Therefore, a concentration of 1ppm chlorpyrifos and 1ppm thiadiazole is used to make the fruit stems appropriate in hardness and reduce the probability of grape falling.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 1, the method of applying urea is drip irrigation, and the application dosage of urea is 5 kg per mu.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Urea is a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer containing high concentrations of nitrogen. Drip irrigation is more precise and accurate, and can make full use of fertilizers and reduce fertilizer losses and waste.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 2, the criterion for judging the entry into the budding stage is the appearance of 3 to 5 leaves after budding.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The budding stage marks the beginning of the vigorous stage of reproductive growth. When 3 to 5 leaves appear, the inflorescence will appear in the stipule sheath.

[0023] Furthermore, in step three, the dosage of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 3 to 5 kg per mu, and the method of keeping the soil moist is one of spray irrigation for 20 minutes or drip irrigation for 2 hours.

[0024] Beneficial effects: When pulling flowers for the first time, it is necessary to maintain sufficient nutrition for the inflorescence to grow, so appropriate addition of nitrogen fertilizer promotes the growth of inflorescence and lengthens the inflorescence.

[0025] Furthermore, spraying gibberellic acid and spraying 1000 times of chlormequat chloride are both foliar spraying.

[0026] Beneficial effects: Spraying gibberellic acid is used when entering the budding stage. At this time, the inflorescence is exposed in the stipule sheath, which can reduce the probability of the inflorescence being too long. Therefore, it is sprayed on the leaves together with dwarfing agent that inhibits the nutritional growth of the plant.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 4, the measure to reduce water spraying is to adjust the sprinkler irrigation time to 10 minutes or the drip irrigation time to 1 hour.

[0028] Beneficial effects: Reduce water application to inhibit branch and leaf growth and promote flower organ development.

[0029] Furthermore, in step seven, the dosage of high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 5 to 8 kg per mu, and the application frequency is once every 3 to 5 days.

[0030] Beneficial effects: After the fruit is firmly planted, it maintains a good nutritional level, promotes photosynthesis, accumulates sugar in the fruit, and improves the quality of the fruit.

[0031] Finally, when the fruit color changes by 50%, potassium fertilizer can promote fruit enlargement and ripening, as well as aging of branches, and improve the grape's resistance to cold, drought, disease and insect pests. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0036] A fruit preservation method for improving the commercial rate of winter fruit of southern Kyoho grapes comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: After pruning the plant, tap the top two buds, water them with sufficient water, and apply urea before the plant sprouts;

[0038] Step 2: When the plants enter the budding stage, spray gibberellic acid on the plants;

[0039] Step 3: When the plant flowers for the first time, apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to the plant and keep the soil moist;

[0040] Step 4: 10 to 15 days after the inflorescence of the plant separates, spray the plant with 1000 times of chlormequat chloride and reduce the amount of soil moisture;

[0041] Step 5: Shape the inflorescence, remove the top spike and the bottom spike tip, and keep the inflorescence length between 8 and 10 cm;

[0042] Step 6: When the plant enters the initial flowering stage, soak the inflorescence with a mixed solution of 1 ppm forchlorfenuron and 1 ppm thidiazuron for 2 to 3 seconds, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer until the plant is firmly set in fruit;

[0043] Step seven: When the plants are firmly planted and bearing fruit, apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and increase the application rate, and maintain adequate irrigation until 50% of the fruit change color.

[0044] Step 8. When the fruit changes color by 50%, apply high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and keep the soil moist until it is fully ripe.

[0045] The specific implementation process is as follows: The purpose of budding is to advance the budding time, thereby promoting uniform budding. Watering with sufficient water and applying urea ensures that the newly sprouted buds of Kyoho grapes obtain sufficient nutrition and can grow under suitable conditions.

[0046] The inflorescence of Kyoho grape winter fruit is short because the second season winter fruit of Kyoho grape blooms in late September. At this time, the sun crosses the equator and moves towards the Tropic of Capricorn. The sunshine hours in the northern hemisphere become shorter, and the amount of auxin in the grapes becomes less. In addition, the temperature is high at this time, so the growth and development of the grape inflorescence is faster than in the first half of the year. The inflorescence development time is insufficient, and the grape inflorescence becomes shorter. Gibberellic acid has the effect of promoting cell development and lengthening the inflorescence.

[0047] The growth and development of fruit trees are mainly divided into vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The two are antagonistic. Vigorous vegetative growth will inhibit reproductive growth. The fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes is high when the growth potential is relatively weak. Therefore, spraying the leaves with dwarfing chloride before flowering can inhibit the vegetative growth of grapes, promote reproductive growth, and increase the fruit setting rate.

[0048] However, when the external environment changes, insufficient light or a drop in temperature can lead to serious flower and fruit drop. Chlorpropamide has the effect of promoting cell division and differentiation, organ formation, and flower bud differentiation of grapes, and has the effect of preserving flowers and fruits. Thidiazuron has the effect of promoting the horizontal growth of grape fruits. The combination of chlorpropamide and thiazuron not only increases the fruit setting rate, but also reduces the size of grains. Compared with gibberellic acid, gibberellic acid also has this effect, but the core of the fruit of grapes treated with gibberellic acid cannot develop normally, forming seedless fruits, resulting in the fruit not being able to fully expand and having large and small grains. No more nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the fruit is firmly set. The role of nitrogen fertilizer is to promote the growth of branches and leaves. Therefore, reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the amount of nutritional growth, thereby making reproductive growth stronger, improving the development of flower organs, and increasing the fruit setting rate.

[0049] When the temperature is above 30℃, if the concentration applied is too high, the fruit stems will become hard, which will easily lead to grape falling after maturity, reducing the commercial value of the grapes. Therefore, a concentration of 1ppm chlorpyrifos and 1ppm thiadiazole is used to make the fruit stems appropriate in hardness and reduce the probability of grape falling.

[0050] The control case was conducted in Guangxi. Three-year-old Kyoho grapes were selected, using a Y-shaped flat trellis. Pruning was performed on August 28th, and fruit preservation treatment was performed on September 24th, the first flowering period. The survey data on November 23rd are as follows:

[0051]

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 1, the urea is applied by drip irrigation, and the urea application dosage is 5 kg per mu.

[0054] The specific implementation process is as follows: Urea is a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer containing a high concentration of nitrogen. Drip irrigation is more precise and accurate, and can make full use of fertilizers and reduce fertilizer losses and waste.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 2, the criterion for judging the entry into the budding stage is the appearance of 3 to 5 leaves after budding.

[0057] The specific implementation process is as follows: The budding period is the beginning of the vigorous stage of reproductive growth. When 3 to 5 leaves appear, the inflorescence will appear in the stipule sheath.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 3, the dosage of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 3 to 5 kg per mu, and the method of keeping the soil moist is one of spray irrigation for 20 minutes or drip irrigation for 2 hours.

[0060] The specific implementation process is as follows: When pulling the flowers for the first time, it is necessary to maintain sufficient nutrition to allow the inflorescence to grow, so appropriately add nitrogen fertilizer to promote inflorescence growth and lengthen the inflorescence.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] The difference from the above embodiment is that both the spraying of gibberellic acid and the spraying of 1000 times of chlormequat chloride are performed by spraying on leaves.

[0063] The specific implementation process is as follows: spraying gibberellic acid is used when entering the budding stage. At this time, the inflorescence is exposed in the stipule sheath, which can reduce the probability of the inflorescence being too long. Therefore, it is sprayed on the leaves together with dwarfing agent that inhibits the nutritional growth of the plant.

[0064] Example 6

[0065] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step 4, the measure for reducing water spraying is to adjust the sprinkler irrigation time to 10 minutes or the drip irrigation time to 1 hour.

[0066] The specific implementation process is as follows: reduce the application of water to inhibit the growth of branches and leaves and promote the development of flower organs.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] The difference from the above embodiment is that in step seven, the dosage of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 5 to 8 kg per mu, and the application frequency is once every 3 to 5 days.

[0069] The specific implementation process is as follows: After the fruit is firmly planted, maintain a good nutritional level, promote photosynthesis, accumulate sugar in the fruit, and improve the quality of the fruit.

[0070] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. Common knowledge such as the known specific structures and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. Ordinary technicians in the field are aware of all common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date. Ordinary technicians in the field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the inspiration given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preserving the fruit of Kyoho grapes to improve the commercial yield of winter fruit, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After pruning the plant, tap the top two buds, water them with sufficient water, and apply urea before the plant sprouts; Step 2: When the plants enter the budding stage, spray gibberellic acid on the plants; Step 3: When the plant flowers for the first time, apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to the plant and keep the soil moist; Step 4: 10 to 15 days after the inflorescence of the plant separates, spray the plant with 1000 times of chlormequat chloride and reduce the amount of soil moisture; Step 5: Shape the inflorescence, remove the top spike and the bottom spike tip, and keep the inflorescence length between 8 and 10 cm; Step 6: When the plants enter the initial flowering stage, soak the inflorescences in a mixed solution containing only 1 ppm of forchlorfenuron and 1 ppm of thidiazuron for 2 to 3 seconds to increase the fruit setting rate, reduce the size of the fruits, and solve the problem of abnormal development of the kernels in the grape fruits caused by soaking the inflorescences with gibberellic acid. No nitrogen fertilizer is applied until the plants are firmly set. Step 7: When the plants are firmly planted and fruit is set, apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and increase the application rate. Maintain adequate irrigation until 50% of the fruit changes color. Step 8. When the fruit changes color by 50%, apply high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and keep the soil moist until it is fully ripe.

2. The method for preserving fruit for increasing the commercial yield of winter fruit of southern Kyoho grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the urea is applied by drip irrigation, and the application dosage of urea is 5 kg per mu.

3. The method for preserving the fruit of Kyoho grapes according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the criterion for judging the entry into the budding stage is the appearance of 3 to 5 leaves after budding.

4. The method for preserving fruit for increasing the commercial yield of winter fruit of southern Kyoho grapes according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step three, the dosage of high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 3 to 5 kg per mu, and the method of keeping the soil moist is either spray irrigation for 20 minutes or drip irrigation for 2 hours.

5. The method for preserving fruit for increasing the commercial yield of winter fruit of southern Kyoho grapes according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both gibberellic acid and 1000 times chlormequat chloride are sprayed on leaves.

6. The method for preserving fruit for increasing the commercial yield of winter fruit of southern Kyoho grapes according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4, the measure to reduce water spraying is to adjust the sprinkler irrigation time to 10 minutes or the drip irrigation time to 1 hour.

7. The method for preserving fruit for increasing the commercial yield of winter fruit of southern Kyoho grapes according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step seven, the dosage of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 5 to 8 kg per mu, and the application frequency is once every 3 to 5 days.

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