A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of grain processing, and aims at the low degradation efficiency of vomitoxin in wheat, providing a method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, which comprises twice vibrating and water-soaking and wheat-moistening, the water used is ozone water, the concentration of ozone water in the second vibrating and water-soaking is higher than that in the first, the vibration frequency in the second vibrating and water-soaking is lower than that in the first, and the second wheat-moistening time is longer than the first. The present application adopts twice ozone vibrating and wheat-moistening with different parameters, which significantly improves the penetration speed of ozone water in wheat, enhances the degradation efficiency of ozone on vomitoxin in wheat, and shortens the wheat-moistening time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grain processing, and in particular to a method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat. Background Technology

[0002] Fusarium head blight is a global epidemic disease of wheat crops, a typical climate-related disease with drastic fluctuations in affected area from year to year. In recent years, due to the combined effects of increased nitrogen fertilizer use, expanded irrigated land area, straw return to the field, and global warming, major wheat-producing areas in China have experienced several large-scale outbreaks of wheat fusarium head blight. The occurrence of wheat fusarium head blight not only causes a significant reduction in grain yield, but the vomitoxin (DON, also known as deoxynivalenol) secreted by Fusarium head blight fungus, once ingested by humans or animals, often causes acute poisoning symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, as well as chronic poisoning symptoms such as anorexia, weight loss, and decreased immunity, seriously endangering the health of humans and animals.

[0003] Countries worldwide are highly concerned about the contamination problem of vomitoxin from Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum). Many countries and regions, including China, the United States, and the European Union, have established limits and regulations for vomitoxin in food and feed, prohibiting it from exceeding 1000 μg / kg. However, vomitoxin is chemically very stable, and it is difficult to destroy its chemical structure using general physical and chemical methods to achieve degradation and removal. Furthermore, microorganisms inside wheat grains are difficult to remove due to the protection of the outer layer. Some effective chemical and biological methods are limited by high costs, the risk of secondary contamination, and severe damage to the nutritional components of raw materials, making them unsuitable for practical application. Patent CN108554481A discloses a method for reducing the content of mycotoxins in wheat through a three-stage soaking process and two microwave treatments, but this method is cumbersome. Therefore, exploring an efficient and safe degradation method for vomitoxin in Fusarium head blight wheat for practical production is essential for the processing and utilization of Fusarium head blight wheat and for ensuring food quality and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the problem of low degradation efficiency of vomitoxin in wheat, this invention provides a highly efficient wheat conditioning method for degrading vomitoxin. The method employs two ozone vibration conditioning processes with different parameters, which significantly improves the penetration rate of ozone water in wheat, enhances the degradation efficiency of ozone on vomitoxin in wheat, and shortens the conditioning time.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A highly efficient method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat involves two stages of water agitation and rinsing. The water used is ozone water. The ozone concentration in the second agitation is higher than that in the first agitation, the vibration frequency in the second agitation is lower than that in the first agitation, and the rinsing time in the second agitation is longer than that in the first agitation.

[0007] The purpose of moistening wheat is twofold: firstly, to increase the toughness of the bran, preventing it from breaking into too many pieces during milling, making it easier to sieve out larger pieces of bran, and ensuring that properly moistened wheat is easier to separate from the endosperm; secondly, to soften the endosperm, making milling more efficient and labor-saving. Therefore, when using ozone water to vibrate and moisten wheat in this invention, in addition to considering the efficiency of removing vomitoxin, it is also necessary to consider not affecting the original effect of moistening wheat.

[0008] Wheat consists of, from the inside out, the epidermis, exocarp, endocarp, seed coat, nucellus, and aleurone layer. The epidermal cells are elongated and arranged longitudinally; the endocarp cells are arranged transversely; the seed coat cells are obliquely elongated; the nucellus is tightly bound to the seed coat, making it difficult to separate and impermeable to water; the aleurone layer is a group of large, orderly, thick-walled cells rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, current techniques for water-moistening wheat are time-consuming, typically requiring 16–20 hours for soft wheat and 24–30 hours for hard wheat.

[0009] This invention significantly shortens the soaking time for wheat by combining ozone with vibrating water. Ozone possesses extremely strong oxidizing and bactericidal properties, making it one of the strongest oxidants in nature, with an oxidizing capacity far exceeding that of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. The mechanism of ozone's action is as follows: it increases membrane permeability, causing intracellular substances to leak out; it acts on enzymes essential for cell activity, causing them to lose activity; and it destroys the genetic material in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the product of the ozone reaction is oxygen, and ozone has a half-life of 20 minutes in water at 20°C, making it a highly efficient oxidant without secondary pollution.

[0010] More importantly, this invention improves the removal efficiency of vomitoxin by limiting the parameters of two water-soaking processes. Specifically: ① The wheat undergoes a first vibration-soaking process under ozone water immersion. Vibration allows the ozone water to oscillate in all directions, making it easier to penetrate the longitudinally arranged cells of the epidermis, the transversely arranged cells of the endocarp, and the obliquely arranged cells of the seed coat. This causes the wheat pericarp to quickly absorb water and swell. When the ozone water reaches the seed coat, the heat and kinetic energy generated by the vibration allow it to penetrate the nucellus layer more quickly and eventually enter the aleurone layer. ② During the first water-soaking process, ozone degrades vomitoxin throughout the wheat. ③ After the first water-soaking, the wheat is removed and drained. At this point, the layers of the wheat have already separated to a certain extent, so a lower vibration frequency can achieve better results. A higher concentration of ozone water is then added for a second vibration-soaking process. Driven by osmotic pressure, the high-concentration ozone water easily penetrates into the wheat interior, replacing the original low-concentration ozone water for secondary sterilization. On the other hand, for each cell layer, under high external solution concentrations, intracellular water will permeate out of the cell. This water loss causes the protoplast and cell wall to shrink. Since the cell wall's elasticity is less than that of the protoplast, plasmolysis occurs, which is more conducive to the separation of the cortex and endosperm. Of course, due to plasmolysis, the ozone concentration and the wheat-rinsing time need to be controlled within a reasonable range; otherwise, excessive water loss in the wheat will affect its taste. ④ The second rinsing time is longer to ensure efficient degradation of vomitoxin and allows the ozone to completely decompose and volatilize within the rinsing chamber, leaving no residue in the wheat, making it safer.

[0011] Preferably, the wheat is Fusarium head blight-infected wheat with a vomitoxin content of ≥500 μg / kg, and more preferably ≥1000 μg / kg.

[0012] Preferably, the wheat undergoes sieving, air separation, stone removal, and gravity separation before the first vibration and watering.

[0013] Preferably, the concentration of ozone water used for the first vibration and water application is 10-40 mg / L, the vibration frequency is 80-110 Hz, and the vibration and water application time is 100-200 s.

[0014] Preferably, the first soaking time is 0.5-1 h.

[0015] Preferably, the concentration of ozone water used for the second vibration water application is 50-100 mg / L, the vibration frequency is 10-60 Hz, and the vibration water application time is 20-80 s.

[0016] Preferably, the second soaking time is 4-9 hours.

[0017] As a preferred method, a water mixing machine is used for the first vibration water application, and a high-power water application machine is used for the second vibration water application.

[0018] Preferably, the ozone water is made from deionized water. Tap water, distilled water, or deionized water can be used, but ozone is most stable when using deionized water, so deionized water is preferred.

[0019] As a preferred method, the wheat that has been moistened with water for the second time is then ground into flour, weighed, packaged, and distributed in sequence.

[0020] Therefore, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention uses ozone, a food additive that meets the requirements of the national food safety standards, to prepare wheat-moistening water. Combined with the technical means of vibrating water to moisten wheat, it safely and efficiently degrades vomitoxin in wheat with Fusarium head blight, with a degradation rate of over 80%; (2) The method of the present invention is applied to actual production without changing the existing wheat processing technology, and the production cost is not significantly increased. The technology is simple; (3) The ozone water used for vibrating wheat moistening is completely within the safe range and has no harm to the production environment and operators. The product fully meets the quality standard requirements. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and equipment used can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the field. The methods in the embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the field.

[0023] A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0024] (1) Pretreatment: Wheat (preferably Fusarium head blight-infected wheat with vomitoxin content ≥500μg / kg) is subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning, and gravity separation;

[0025] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 100-200 s with 10-40 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 80-110 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0026] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 0.5-1 h; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0027] (4) Second vibration watering: In the high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 20-80 s with 50-100 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 10-60 Hz. The amount of water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0028] (5) Second rinsing: The wheat that has been shaken and watered for the second time is sent to the rinsing warehouse for a second rinsing, which takes 4-9 hours; after the rinsing is completed, the wheat is taken out; wheat with water content and vomitoxin content that meet the requirements is obtained.

[0029] (6) Post-processing: After grinding wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it, or after post-processing the wheat flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0032] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0033] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 150 s with 20 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 100 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0034] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 40 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0035] (4) Second vibration watering: In the high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 50 s with ozone water at a concentration of 80 mg / L. The vibration frequency is 40 Hz. The amount of water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0036] (5) Second rinsing: The wheat that has been shaken and watered for the second time is sent to the rinsing warehouse for a second rinsing, which takes 6 hours; after the rinsing is completed, the wheat is taken out; soft wheat with water content and vomitoxin content meet the requirements is obtained.

[0037] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0041] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 120 s with 30 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 90 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0042] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 40 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0043] (4) Second vibration watering: In the high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 40 s with ozone water at a concentration of 90 mg / L. The vibration frequency is 50 Hz. The amount of water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0044] (5) Second rinsing: The wheat that has been shaken and watered for the second time is sent to the rinsing bin for a second rinsing, which takes 5 hours; after the rinsing is completed, the wheat is taken out; hard wheat with water content and vomitoxin content that meet the requirements is obtained.

[0045] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0048] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0049] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 200 s with 10 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 80 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0050] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 60 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0051] (4) Second vibration watering: In the high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 80 s with 50 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 60 Hz. The amount of water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0052] (5) Second rinsing: The wheat that has been shaken and watered for the second time is sent to the rinsing warehouse for a second rinsing, which takes 9 hours; after the rinsing is completed, the wheat is taken out; soft wheat with water content and vomitoxin content meet the requirements is obtained.

[0053] (6) Post-processing: After post-processing the wheat flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0056] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0057] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 100 s with 40 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 110 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0058] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 30 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0059] (4) Second vibration watering: In the high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 20 s with 100 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 10 Hz. The amount of water used is determined according to the optimal moisture content requirement of the 1-hull mill.

[0060] (5) Second rinsing: The wheat that has been shaken and watered for the second time is sent to the rinsing warehouse for a second rinsing, which takes 4 hours; after the rinsing is completed, the wheat is taken out; soft wheat with water content and vomitoxin content meet the requirements is obtained;

[0061] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0062] Example 5

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that the concentration of ozone water used for the second vibration of the water is outside the preferred range, at 110 mg / L.

[0064] A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0065] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0066] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 150 s with 20 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 100 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0067] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 40 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0068] (4) Second vibration watering: In a high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 50 seconds with ozone water at a concentration of 110 mg / L. The vibration frequency is 40 Hz, and the amount of water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0069] (5) Second rinsing: The wheat that has been shaken and watered for the second time is sent to the rinsing warehouse for a second rinsing, which takes 6 hours; after the rinsing is completed, the wheat is taken out; soft wheat with water content and vomitoxin content meet the requirements is obtained.

[0070] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0071] Example 6

[0072] The difference from Example 1 is that the second soaking time is outside the preferred range, and is 10 hours.

[0073] A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0074] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0075] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 150 s with 20 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 100 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0076] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 40 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0077] (4) Second vibration watering: In a high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 50 seconds with 80 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 40 Hz, and the amount of water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0078] (5) Second rinsing: The wheat that has been shaken and watered for the second time is sent to the rinsing warehouse for a second rinsing, which takes 10 hours; after the rinsing is completed, the wheat is taken out; soft wheat with water content and vomitoxin content meet the requirements is obtained.

[0079] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] The difference from Example 1 is that only one vibration-watering and wheat-moistening treatment is performed, with the same parameters as the first vibration-watering and wheat-moistening treatment.

[0082] A method for rehydrating wheat to degrade vomitoxin, comprising the following steps:

[0083] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0084] (2) Vibration watering: Under light-protected conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In a watering mixer, wheat is vibrated and watered with 20 mg / L ozone water for 200 s. The vibration frequency is 100 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0085] (3) Wheat conditioning: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the wheat conditioning warehouse for the first conditioning, and the conditioning time is 10h+40min; after the conditioning is completed, the wheat is taken out.

[0086] (4) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] The difference from Example 1 is that only one vibration-watering and wheat-moistening treatment is performed, with the same parameters as the second vibration-watering and wheat-moistening treatment.

[0089] A method for rehydrating wheat to degrade vomitoxin, comprising the following steps:

[0090] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0091] (2) Vibration watering: Under light-protected conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In a watering mixer, wheat is vibrated and watered with 80 mg / L ozone water for 200 s. The vibration frequency is 40 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0092] (3) Wheat conditioning: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the wheat conditioning warehouse for the first conditioning, and the conditioning time is 10h+40min; after the conditioning is completed, the wheat is taken out.

[0093] (4) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] The difference from Example 1 is that the ozone concentration of the water vibrated twice is reversed, that is, the ozone concentration of the water vibrated twice is lower than that of the first time.

[0096] A method for rehydrating wheat to degrade vomitoxin, comprising the following steps:

[0097] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0098] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 150 s with 80 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 100 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0099] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 40 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0100] (4) Second vibration watering: In a high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 50 seconds with 20 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 40 Hz, and the amount of water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0101] (5) Second wheat conditioning: After the wheat has been vibrated and watered for the second time, it is sent to the wheat conditioning warehouse for a second conditioning process. The conditioning time is 6 hours. After the wheat conditioning is completed, the wheat is taken out.

[0102] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0103] Comparative Example 4

[0104] The difference from Example 1 is that the vibration frequencies of the two water-vibrating events are reversed, that is, the vibration frequency of the second water-vibrating event is higher than that of the first.

[0105] A method for rehydrating wheat to degrade vomitoxin, comprising the following steps:

[0106] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0107] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 150 s with 20 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 40 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0108] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 40 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0109] (4) Second vibration watering: In a high-power watering machine, wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 50 s with 80 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 100 Hz. The amount of water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0110] (5) Second wheat conditioning: After the wheat has been vibrated and watered for the second time, it is sent to the wheat conditioning warehouse for a second conditioning process. The conditioning time is 6 hours. After the wheat conditioning is completed, the wheat is taken out.

[0111] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0112] Comparative Example 5

[0113] The difference from Example 1 is that the two soaking times are reversed, that is, the second soaking time is shorter than the first.

[0114] A method for rehydrating wheat to degrade vomitoxin, comprising the following steps:

[0115] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0116] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone is dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat is subjected to the first vibration watering for 150 s with 20 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 100 Hz. The amount of wheat water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0117] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 6 hours; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0118] (4) Second vibration watering: In a high-power watering machine, the wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 50 seconds with 80 mg / L ozone water. The vibration frequency is 40 Hz, and the amount of water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0119] (5) Second wheat rinsing: After the wheat has been shaken and watered for the second time, it is sent to the wheat rinsing bin for a second rinsing. The rinsing time is 40 minutes. After the rinsing is completed, the wheat is taken out.

[0120] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0121] Comparative Example 6

[0122] The difference from Example 1 is that an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is used instead of ozone water.

[0123] A method for rehydrating wheat to degrade vomitoxin, comprising the following steps:

[0124] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0125] (2) First vibration watering: Under light-proof conditions, chlorine dioxide was dissolved in deionized water to prepare chlorine dioxide as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat was subjected to the first vibration watering for 150 s with 20 mg / L chlorine dioxide wheat water. The vibration frequency was 100 Hz. The amount of wheat water used was the same as in Example 1.

[0126] (3) First wheat rinsing: After the first shaking and watering, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 40 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0127] (4) Second vibration watering: In a high-power watering machine, wheat is subjected to a second vibration watering for 50 s with 30 mg / L chlorine dioxide water. The vibration frequency is 40 Hz. The amount of water used is the same as in Example 1.

[0128] (5) Second wheat conditioning: After the wheat has been vibrated and watered for the second time, it is sent to the wheat conditioning warehouse for a second conditioning process. The conditioning time is 6 hours. After the wheat conditioning is completed, the wheat is taken out.

[0129] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0130] Comparative Example 7

[0131] The difference from Example 1 is that there is no vibration during the water immersion process.

[0132] A method for rehydrating wheat to degrade vomitoxin, comprising the following steps:

[0133] (1) Pretreatment: Fusarium head blight-infected wheat (vomitoxin content of 1750 μg / kg) was subjected to conventional treatments such as sieving, winnowing, destoning and gravity sorting;

[0134] (2) First watering: Under light-proof conditions, ozone was dissolved in deionized water to make ozone water as wheat water. In the watering mixer, the wheat was first watered for 150 seconds with 20 mg / L ozone water. The amount of wheat water used was the same as in Example 1.

[0135] (3) First rinsing: After the first rinsing, the wheat is sent to the rinsing bin for the first rinsing, which takes 40 minutes; after rinsing, the wheat is taken out and drained.

[0136] (4) Second watering: In a high-power watering machine, the wheat was watered for a second time for 50 seconds with ozone water at a concentration of 80 mg / L. The amount of water used was the same as in Example 1.

[0137] (5) Second rinsing: The wheat after the second watering is sent to the rinsing warehouse for a second rinsing, which takes 6 hours; the wheat is taken out after the rinsing is completed.

[0138] (6) Post-processing: After grinding the wheat into flour, weigh, package, and distribute it.

[0139] Performance testing

[0140] The wheat that underwent two rinsing processes in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0141] The method for measuring vomitoxin is as follows: Using a quantitative real-time test strip for vomitoxin, take 500 g of the sample to be tested, mix it thoroughly, and pulverize it (90% of the particles should pass through a 20-mesh sieve). Weigh 1.0000 g of the pulverized sample and place it in a 10 mL centrifuge tube, then add 5 mL of sample extract. Vortex for 5 min, then centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 2 min. Add 500 μL of sample diluent and 50 μL of sample supernatant to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube, mix well, and then pipette 100 μL into the sample well of the test strip. Incubate at 37 ℃ for 8 min, and finally insert the test strip into the reader for reading. Each sample is tested in triplicate.

[0142] Table 1. Wheat performance after secondary wheat irrigation in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-7

[0143] Vomiting toxin removal rate % Moisture content % (required for soft wheat 8.0-17.5%, hard wheat 8.5-19.0%) Example 1 85.1 14.9 Example 2 82.6 16.7 (Hard Wheat) Example 3 83.5 14.8 Example 4 80.9 14.5 Example 5 85.4 13.1 Example 6 85.2 15.4 Comparative Example 1 70.3 13.3 Comparative Example 2 72.8 13.5 Comparative Example 3 76.7 14.3 Comparative Example 4 75.0 14.0 Comparative Example 5 78.2 14.2 Comparative Example 6 60.3 14.5 Comparative Example 7 56.7 10.6

[0144] As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1-4 of the present invention achieve a vomitoxin removal rate of over 80% within the preferred range. Compared with Example 1:

[0145] (1) In Comparative Example 6, chlorine dioxide was used instead of ozone, and in Comparative Example 7, no vibration was performed. The removal rate of vomitoxin decreased significantly, indicating that ozone water and vibrating water can significantly improve the removal rate of vomitoxin.

[0146] (2) Comparative Example 1 used the parameters of the first vibration watering and wheat moistening throughout the process, and Comparative Example 2 used the parameters of the second vibration watering and wheat moistening throughout the process. The vomitoxin removal rate was not as good as that of Example 1, indicating that the combination of two vibration watering and wheat moistening in this invention has made significant progress compared with the prior art. First, the wheat channel is quickly opened by low concentration ozone water and high vibration frequency, and then the vomitoxin removal rate is improved by high concentration ozone water and low vibration frequency watering.

[0147] (3) In Comparative Example 3, the concentration of ozone water in the first vibration was higher than that in the second vibration. The low concentration of ozone water was not easy to replace the original high concentration of ozone water. Therefore, the penetration effect of the second water was greatly reduced, and the removal rate of vomiting toxins decreased.

[0148] (4) The frequency of the first vibration of the water in Comparative Example 4 is lower than that of the second vibration. The first vibration needs to be high enough to open the channels of the wheat bran. If the first vibration frequency is too low, even if the second vibration frequency is increased, the ozone water penetration efficiency cannot be increased to the original level.

[0149] (5) In Comparative Example 5, the second time of wheat rinsing was shorter than the first time. Under the condition that the overall wheat rinsing time was the same, the first time of wheat rinsing in Example 1 was shorter and the second time was longer. This not only ensured that the ozone was completely decomposed and that there was no ozone residue in the wheat, but also that the wheat had a higher moisture content.

[0150] (6) In Example 5, the ozone concentration of the second vibration-induced water application exceeded the preferred range, resulting in no significant improvement in the removal rate of vomitoxin. Moreover, under the same water application rate and watering time, the moisture content of the wheat decreased because the excessively high ozone concentration caused water loss from the wheat cells. In Example 6, the second watering time was too long, and the removal rate of vomitoxin no longer increased because the ozone in the ozone water had already decomposed within 10 hours. Therefore, for cost considerations, the ozone concentration of the second vibration-induced water application and the second watering time have optimal upper limits.

[0151] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently degrading vomitoxin in wheat, characterized in that, The wheat is moistened by two vibrations, using ozone water. The ozone concentration in the second vibration is higher than that in the first, the vibration frequency in the second vibration is lower than that in the first, and the moistening time in the second vibration is longer than that in the first. The ozone concentration in the first vibration is 10-40 mg / L, the vibration frequency is 80-110 Hz, and the vibration time is 100-200 s. The ozone concentration in the second vibration is 50-100 mg / L, the vibration frequency is 10-60 Hz, and the vibration time is 20-80 s.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wheat in question is Fusarium head blight-infected wheat with a vomitoxin content ≥500μg / kg.

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The wheat undergoes sieving, air separation, stone removal, and gravity separation before being vibrated and watered for the first time.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first soaking time is 0.5-1 h.

5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second soaking time is 4-9 hours.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first vibration water application uses a water mixing machine, and the second vibration water application uses a high-power water application machine.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ozone water used is deionized water.

8. A method according to claim 1, 6, or 7, characterized in that, After the wheat is moistened with water for the second time, it is successively ground into flour, weighed, packaged, and distributed.