A method for grading and filtering debris flow blocking treatment

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of mud-rock flow grading filtration blocking treatment methods, it is characterized in that, first, the interception separation of large size solid object mixed in mud-rock flow is completed, then mud-water separation is completed to the remaining mud-rock flow component, the water in mud-rock flow is filtered to the lower hidden conduit and discharged to downstream end, and then the interception of the remaining part of soil is completed.The application has the advantages of better reducing mud-rock flow impact hazards, improving mud-rock flow treatment effect, being conducive to dredging treatment and timely restoring interception function after mud-rock flow, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of debris flow control engineering technology, specifically to a graded filtration and interception method for debris flow control. Background Technology

[0002] Debris flows are a common geological disaster in mountainous areas, usually triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, snowmelt, and dam failure. They pose a significant threat to people's lives, property, and ecological security, necessitating engineering measures to address gullies with debris flow hazards. Flexible protection methods, such as protective nets, and rigid barrier dams, such as retaining dams, are currently the most common engineering control methods.

[0003] For example, CN202410338635.6 discloses a flexible retaining and protection structure suitable for valley slope debris flows and high-altitude rockfalls. This structure includes a retaining and protection net, comprising an upper retaining and protection net structure for blocking high-altitude rockfalls and a lower retaining and protection net structure for intercepting debris flow materials in the valley. The lower retaining and protection net structure is connected to the valley on both sides via climbing beams, and the upper retaining and protection net structure is connected in the middle via support piles. The support piles are connected to the mountainside on both sides via anchor cables, and the upper net structure is connected to the valley slope surface on both sides via ground beams. The retaining and protection net includes several vertically intersecting flexible transverse steel strands and flexible vertical steel strands. This invention uses the aforementioned retaining and protection net to block and protect against debris flows and high-altitude rockfalls. The retaining and protection net offers advantages such as high protection height and high energy level, while also being low in cost, highly resilient, and easy to maintain.

[0004] For example, CN202010147197.7 discloses a flexible, permeable debris flow barrier dam; CN201922126110.3 discloses a barrier dam structure for preventing debris flow impact; and CN202021769470.1 discloses an anchored debris flow barrier dam, etc. All of these utilize rigid barrier dams to forcibly intercept and block debris flows, preventing them from causing public safety hazards in downstream accumulation areas after they have flowed out of the gully. However, these existing debris flow control technologies only consider how to intercept and block the flow. When the impact force of the debris flow is large, the barrier structure is easily damaged, resulting in limited effectiveness in debris flow control. Furthermore, most existing barrier projects do not adequately consider dredging, making it difficult to restore the barrier function for reuse in a timely manner after a debris flow occurs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a debris flow graded filtration and blocking management method that can better reduce the impact of debris flow, improve the debris flow control effect, and facilitate the post-debris dredging and timely restoration of the interception function.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for graded filtration and interception of debris flows is characterized by first intercepting and separating large solid objects mixed in the debris flow, then separating the remaining debris flow components into mud and water, filtering the water in the debris flow into the downstream culvert for discharge, and finally intercepting the remaining mud.

[0007] In this method, large solid objects such as falling rocks and trees are first intercepted (large solid objects are generally defined as objects larger than a certain size in any direction, such as 10-20 cm or more), preventing them from being mixed in with the debris flow and destroying subsequent rigid retaining structures due to their large momentum. Then, mud-water separation is performed, filtering a large amount of water from the debris flow into a downstream culvert for discharge. The filtered water, which originally flowed forward along the debris flow channel, is redirected to flow downwards through filtration and settling, dissipating its kinetic energy and becoming a smoother downward flow along the culvert. Simultaneously, the water content of the remaining material above is reduced, decreasing its fluidity and achieving an energy dissipation effect. Finally, the remaining mud-based debris flow portion is forcibly intercepted, further preventing the destruction of retaining structures. Therefore, this method, employing a multi-stage, segmented filtration and interception approach, can better reduce the impact damage of debris flows and improve the effectiveness of debris flow control.

[0008] Furthermore, the intercepted material is dredged after the mudslide. Dredging facilitates the restoration of the interception facilities' functionality, enabling them to be reused next time.

[0009] Furthermore, in this method, a debris flow interception net device is used to intercept and separate large solid objects mixed in with the debris flow. The debris flow interception net device includes an interception net set along the cross-sectional direction inside the debris flow channel. The lower two sides of the interception net are fixed downward to the bottom of the debris flow channel, and the upper two sides of the interception net are respectively fixed upward to the slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel by upper cables. A detachable connecting device is also installed on the upper cables.

[0010] In this way, when a debris flow occurs, the interception net can be used to separate large solid objects mixed in with the debris flow; after the debris flow has passed, the upper cable can be easily removed through the detachable connection device to loosen the interception net, so as to clean up the intercepted material and restore its interception function.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower sides of the interception net are connected to downward-sloping lower cables, and the lower ends of the lower cables are fixedly connected to the lower anchors on both sides of the bottom of the debris flow channel.

[0012] This makes it easy to fix the bottom of the interception net, and when dismantling, only the upper cable above the interception net needs to be removed, which facilitates dredging.

[0013] Furthermore, the detachable connection device includes a pair of cooperating double-eared hanging rings and connecting lugs. The double-eared hanging rings are fixedly connected to the upper side of the debris flow interception net or correspondingly anchored to the upper anchor on the slope of the debris flow channel. The connecting lugs are fixed to the end of the upper cable. The double-eared hanging rings and connecting lugs are fixedly connected by detachable pins after they are engaged.

[0014] This design features a simple structure, convenient connection, and low cost.

[0015] Furthermore, both ends of the upper cable are equipped with detachable connecting devices.

[0016] This allows for easy disassembly of the entire upper cable.

[0017] Furthermore, at least one side of the upper cable position is also provided with an auxiliary disassembly mechanism. The auxiliary disassembly mechanism includes an auxiliary cable, the lower end of which is connected to the lower end connection position of the corresponding upper cable, and the upper end of which is connected to the upper anchor of the corresponding upper cable. The auxiliary cable is disconnected at the middle position, and a set of detachable connecting devices is provided above and below the disconnected position, so that the two sets of detachable connecting devices at the middle disconnected position of the auxiliary cable form a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder installation station.

[0018] This is because after the upper cable intercepts the debris flow, the interception net becomes filled and blocked by the debris flow material, creating immense tension on the upper cable. This makes it difficult to easily disassemble the detachable connection at the end of the upper cable under stress, and the cable is prone to flying off under stress during disassembly, causing a safety accident. Therefore, an auxiliary disassembly mechanism is installed in parallel on one side of the upper cable. When disassembly is needed, a two-way hydraulic cylinder is first installed on the two-way hydraulic cylinder installation position on the auxiliary cable. Since the length of the two-way hydraulic cylinder is adjustable, the auxiliary cable can be tightened by shortening the length of the two-way hydraulic cylinder, causing the corresponding upper cable to change from a taut state to a slack state. At this point, the upper cable can be easily and safely disassembled. Then, the two-way hydraulic cylinder is extended to loosen the auxiliary cable, completing its disassembly. The detachable connecting device on the auxiliary cable at the disconnected position includes a double-eared hanging ring fixed at the disconnected position of the auxiliary cable, a connecting lug fixed at one end of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder, and a pin detachably connected between the two; the structure is simple, easy to install and remove, and safe and reliable to use.

[0019] Furthermore, the lower end of the auxiliary cable is connected to the interception net via a detachable connection device, and the upper end is connected to the corresponding upper anchor via a detachable connection device.

[0020] In this way, the auxiliary cable itself can be disassembled and reinstalled when needed.

[0021] Furthermore, multiple interception nets are installed at intervals along the debris flow channel, with the mesh size of the nets gradually decreasing from upstream to downstream.

[0022] This allows for better tiered interception of large-diameter objects, improving interception effectiveness. For example, the mesh diameter of the upstream interception net can be around one meter, primarily used to intercept trees, while the mesh diameter of the downstream interception net can be around 10-20 centimeters, used to intercept falling rocks and other larger-diameter objects.

[0023] Furthermore, in this method, the mud and water of the debris flow are separated by setting up a mud-water separation and filtration structure in the debris flow channel. The mud-water separation and filtration structure includes filter troughs set on both sides of the bottom of the debris flow channel. The overall cross-section of the bottom of the filter trough is V-shaped to match the debris flow channel. Gabions are installed in the filter trough to form a filter structure. A blind ditch is set downward at the junction of the filter troughs on both sides to form a culvert that runs forward along the debris flow channel.

[0024] In this way, after the debris flow enters the gabion, the water in the debris flow can be filtered downwards through the gabion into the lower filter trough and then converge into the blind ditch, flowing downstream along the culvert. The water turns downwards within the gabion and collides with the gabion, eliminating kinetic energy and slowing the flow velocity in the culvert, ensuring smooth flow. At the same time, after the debris flow above the gabion loses most of its water, its kinetic energy decreases and its water content drops significantly, which is more conducive to the stable interception of the sand and soil portion of the debris flow downstream.

[0025] Furthermore, a concrete pad layer is provided at the bottom of the filter settling tank to form a water-collecting slope.

[0026] This is more conducive to ensuring the effectiveness and stability of the water catchment.

[0027] Furthermore, a water collection structure is provided on the water collection slope, the water collection structure includes a main water collection channel arranged obliquely downward and forward, the lower end of the main water collection channel is connected to the underground channel, and multiple main water collection channels are provided and arranged at intervals along the upstream and downstream directions.

[0028] In this way, after the water in the debris flow flows downward through the gabion, it can be collected more quickly and efficiently by relying on the main water collection channel and flow into the culvert, which improves the filtration efficiency of the filtration structure and makes the upper surface of the gabion have a better downward water absorption and filtration effect.

[0029] Furthermore, the downstream side of the main water collection channel is a vertical plane, while the upstream side is an inclined plane or an arc-shaped surface.

[0030] This is because the impact force of debris flows causes the slope of the water flow direction on the catchment slope to be less than the slope of the main catchment channel. This makes the downstream side of the main catchment channel more susceptible to downward water flow impact. Therefore, designing the downstream side as a vertical plane better prevents water from flowing downwards across its downstream side, thus better ensuring the catchment effect of the main catchment channel. It also slows down the water flow velocity and dissipates energy, ensuring a more stable and gentle water flow within the culvert. In practice, the slope of the main catchment channel is typically between 45 and 90 degrees.

[0031] Furthermore, multiple water collection branch channels are also connected to the upstream side of each main water collection channel, with the lower end of the branch channels arranged obliquely forward and with an inclination less than that of the main water collection channel.

[0032] In this way, the secondary and main water collection channels are distributed on the water collection slope, further improving the water collection and diversion effect and enhancing the filtration efficiency of the filtration structure. During implementation, the secondary water collection channels are typically positioned between 0 and 45 degrees.

[0033] Furthermore, each catchment channel is a two-sided symmetrical arc or triangle. This is because the slope of the catchment channel is small, and its length direction is basically consistent with the direction of the resultant force of the water flow. Therefore, designing a symmetrical arc or triangle is more conducive to water collection.

[0034] Furthermore, a retaining wall is installed on the downstream side of the filter settling tank, with the upper end of the retaining wall extending beyond the upper surface of the gabion by a certain distance (usually 30-100cm).

[0035] The retaining wall at this location can block the gabion, thus better ensuring the stability of the filtration structure. At the same time, the retaining wall at this location acts as a barrier against the lower part of the debris flow, thereby blocking the water flow and better ensuring the filtration effect of the filtration structure. In addition, after the debris flow that has filtered out most of the water impacts the retaining wall, it can achieve energy dissipation again, which is conducive to subsequent stable interception.

[0036] Furthermore, the concrete cushion layer at the lower end of the retaining wall and the water-collecting slope are poured as a single unit.

[0037] In this way, the weight of the gabion presses down on the concrete foundation, holding the retaining wall in place and preventing it from tipping over under strong impact, thus better ensuring the stability of its own structure.

[0038] Furthermore, the gabions in the filter settling tank are arranged in rows along the width direction, and the upper surface of each row of gabions is set in an inward arc shape with the downstream side higher than the upstream side.

[0039] In this way, multiple water-facing arc-shaped surfaces are formed on the upper surface of the gabion. These arc-shaped surfaces can better withstand the impact of debris flows and increase the contact area of ​​the impact, which is more conducive to the water flow forcibly entering the gabion and penetrating downwards, thus improving the filtration effect. At the same time, under the repeated impact and lifting effect of the water-facing arc-shaped surfaces, the debris flow repeatedly jumps up and down, which greatly dissipates energy and slows down the flow velocity. After the flow velocity is slowed down, the filtration effect of the gabion on the debris flow is further improved, reducing the water content of the subsequent debris flow.

[0040] Furthermore, in this method, the remaining soil is intercepted by setting up a debris flow barrier dam in the debris flow channel. The debris flow barrier dam includes a dam body fixedly set in the debris flow channel along the width direction. A gate opening downward to the bottom is set in the middle of the dam body. A gate is also set in the gate. A filter grid is set at the bottom of the debris flow channel adjacent to the upstream side of the gate. The filter grid is connected to the underground channel below. The underground channel extends downstream to the outer side of the downstream end of the dam body.

[0041] In this way, when a debris flow arrives, the gate is lowered. After the debris flow is intercepted and blocked by the dam, the water contained in the debris flow can flow downwards through the bottom screen into the culvert and then down to the bottom of the dam, further achieving mud-water separation. After the debris flow stops, the mud and other materials intercepted by the dam can be cleared by opening the gate, allowing the barrier dam to resume its interception function. Therefore, it has the advantages of good debris flow interception and diversion effect and convenient post-debris flow dredging operations.

[0042] Furthermore, the upstream debris flow channel directly opposite the gate also has diversion dikes that are spaced apart from the dam body.

[0043] In this way, after the debris flow continues to flow forward past the debris flow barrier, it first impacts the diversion dike to dissipate energy and then splits into two streams. The split debris flow can then impact both sides of the dam body, which better dissipates energy and prevents the barrier gate from being directly impacted by the debris flow, thus better protecting the safety and stability of the gate.

[0044] Furthermore, the diversion dike is generally elongated in the direction of the debris flow channel.

[0045] This allows the diversion dike to better withstand impacts and better ensure its stability.

[0046] Furthermore, the upstream end of the diversion dike is in a forward-curving arc shape.

[0047] This allows for a better distribution of traffic.

[0048] Furthermore, a diversion dam pressure plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upstream end of the diversion dam, extending forward along the bottom of the debris flow channel.

[0049] In this way, when the debris flow impacts the diversion dike, it first presses against the diversion dike's pressure plate, which better ensures the stability of the diversion dike's own structure.

[0050] Furthermore, the two sides of the dam body and the sidewalls of the debris flow channel protrude upwards to form shoulders, and the outer side of the shoulders is embedded and fixed to the sidewalls of the debris flow channel.

[0051] This better ensures the stability of the dam.

[0052] Furthermore, the gate includes a lower gate located at the lower part of the gate opening, with the lower end of the lower gate hinged to the lower surface of the gate opening. It also includes an upper gate positioned above the lower gate opening, with both sides of the upper gate slidingly embedded in the grooves on both sides of the gate opening. A gate lifting control device is provided above the upper gate opening, and a gate flipping device is installed on the downstream side of the lower gate opening. The gate flipping device is used to control the lower gate opening to flip backward.

[0053] This is because traditional debris flow retaining dams typically use upward-opening gates, which are fitted with grooves on both sides of the gate opening and can withstand significant impact pressure. However, after a debris flow occurs and is blocked, the trapped mud accumulates on the upstream side of the retaining dam, causing the upward-opening gates to experience extremely high compressive stress and deform. In this state, it is difficult to open the upward-opening gates using normal control methods, making dredging work extremely inconvenient. Therefore, this solution innovatively designs the lower part of the gate as a downward-opening gate. When dredging is needed after a debris flow occurs, the downward-opening gate can be controlled to flip and open downstream. Dredging can then proceed from the opened position of the downward-opening gate. After the lower mud is cleared, the upper mud will naturally collapse downwards until the mud on the upstream side of the upward-opening gate is cleared, no longer affecting the lifting operation of the upward-opening gate. Thus, because the lower part of the debris flow is subject to friction and viscosity from the channel surface as it advances, the impact force is relatively small. Furthermore, a diversion dike is installed directly in front of the dam gate to block and divert the flow, further reducing the impact force on the lower gate and allowing it to remain stable even after being impacted by a debris flow. Therefore, this gate structure has the advantages of providing sufficient stability to withstand the impact during a debris flow while also facilitating dredging operations afterward, thus improving dredging efficiency.

[0054] Furthermore, the gate lifting control device includes a support frame arranged in the form of a gantry frame on the dam body above the gate opening, a lifting machine installed on the support frame, and a lifting screw vertically installed on the upper end of the pull-up gate. The pull-up gate is suspended from the lower end of the lifting screw and the two are rotatably connected. The lifting machine includes a lifting motor and a horizontally arranged lifting nut. The lifting motor and the lifting nut are connected in a transmission manner. The lifting nut is limited vertically on the support frame and threadedly engaged with the lifting screw.

[0055] In this way, the lifting nut and lifting screw in the elevator work together to form a screw-nut transmission pair structure, which can be easily controlled by the elevator to realize the lifting operation of the gate.

[0056] Furthermore, the gate overturning device includes a telescopic cylinder device located on the downstream side of the lower gate, the upper end of the telescopic cylinder device is hinged to the downstream surface of the lower gate, and the lower end of the telescopic cylinder device is hinged to the dam foundation at the downstream end of the gate.

[0057] This allows the lower gate to be flipped open backwards by controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic cylinder.

[0058] Furthermore, the telescopic cylinder device is a hydraulic cylinder telescopic device. This provides greater stability and support.

[0059] Furthermore, a gate slot matching the lower gate is also provided on the dam foundation downstream of the lower gate. The telescopic cylinder device is installed in the gate slot so that the lower gate can fall into the gate slot after it is flipped open.

[0060] In this way, the lower gate can be flipped open without affecting the entry of transport vehicles, making the dredging operation more convenient.

[0061] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of better reducing the impact damage of debris flows, improving the effectiveness of debris flow control, and facilitating post-debris flow dredging and timely restoration of interception functions. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the debris flow graded filtration and interception control system used in this invention. The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of fluid flow.

[0063] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the centerline of the debris flow channel.

[0064] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a standalone debris flow interception net device.

[0065] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the upper cable and its corresponding auxiliary disassembly mechanism.

[0066] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the location of the mud-water separation and filtration structure in a separate debris flow.

[0067] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A plan view of the water collection slope and its structure in a mud-water separation and filtration structure for debris flows.

[0068] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single debris flow barrier dam.

[0069] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Side view. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0071] Optimal implementation method: A graded filtration and interception method for debris flow control, characterized in that: first, large solid objects mixed in the debris flow are intercepted and separated; then, the remaining debris flow components are separated into mud and water; the water in the debris flow is filtered into the downstream culvert for discharge; and finally, the remaining mud is intercepted.

[0072] In this method, large solid objects such as falling rocks and trees are first intercepted (large solid objects are generally defined as objects larger than a certain size in any direction, such as 10-20 cm or more), preventing them from being mixed in with the debris flow and destroying subsequent rigid retaining structures due to their large momentum. Then, mud-water separation is performed, filtering a large amount of water from the debris flow into a downstream culvert for discharge. The filtered water, which originally flowed forward along the debris flow channel, is redirected to flow downwards through filtration and settling, dissipating its kinetic energy and becoming a smoother downward flow along the culvert. Simultaneously, the water content of the remaining material above is reduced, decreasing its fluidity and achieving an energy dissipation effect. Finally, the remaining mud-based debris flow portion is forcibly intercepted, further preventing the destruction of retaining structures. Therefore, this method, employing a multi-stage, segmented filtration and interception approach, can better reduce the impact damage of debris flows and improve the effectiveness of debris flow control.

[0073] One aspect is the dredging of the intercepted material after a mudslide. Dredging facilitates the restoration of the interception facilities' functionality, allowing for reuse in the future.

[0074] Specifically, in implementation, this method relies on Figure 1-8 The diagram illustrates a staged filtration and interception system for debris flow control. The staged filtration debris flow treatment system includes a debris flow interception net device, a debris flow mud-water separation filtration structure, and a debris flow barrier dam, sequentially and intermittently installed within the debris flow channel from upstream to downstream.

[0075] Specifically, this method relies on a debris flow interception net device to intercept and separate large-sized solid objects embedded in the debris flow. The debris flow interception net device is described in [reference needed]. Figure 1-4The system includes an interception net 1 installed along the cross-sectional direction inside the debris flow channel. The lower two sides of the interception net 1 are fixed downward to the bottom of the debris flow channel, and the upper two sides of the interception net 1 are fixed upward to the slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel by upper cables 2. A detachable connecting device 3 is also installed on the upper cables 2.

[0076] In this way, when a debris flow occurs, the interception net can be used to separate large solid objects mixed in with the debris flow; after the debris flow has passed, the upper cable can be easily removed through the detachable connection device to loosen the interception net, so as to clean up the intercepted material and restore its interception function.

[0077] The lower two sides of the interception net 1 are connected to the lower cable 4, which is inclined downward. The lower end of the lower cable 4 is fixedly connected to the lower anchor 5 on both sides of the bottom of the debris flow channel.

[0078] This makes it easy to fix the bottom of the interception net, and when dismantling, only the upper cable above the interception net needs to be removed, which facilitates dredging.

[0079] The detachable connection device 3 includes a pair of cooperating double-eared hanging rings and connecting ears. The double-eared hanging rings are fixedly connected to the upper side of the debris flow interception net or are correspondingly anchored to the upper anchor 6 above the debris flow gully slope. The connecting ears are fixed to the end of the upper cable. The double-eared hanging rings and connecting ears are fixedly connected by detachable pins after they are engaged.

[0080] This design features a simple structure, convenient connection, and low cost.

[0081] The upper cable 2 is equipped with detachable connecting devices 3 at both ends.

[0082] This allows for easy disassembly of the entire upper cable.

[0083] Among them, at least one side of the upper cable 3 position is also provided with an auxiliary disassembly mechanism. The auxiliary disassembly mechanism includes an auxiliary cable 7. The lower end of the auxiliary cable is connected to the lower end connection position of the corresponding upper cable. The upper end of the auxiliary cable is connected to the upper anchor 6 connected to the upper end of the corresponding upper cable. The auxiliary cable is disconnected at the middle position and a set of detachable connecting devices is provided above and below the disconnected position, so that the two sets of detachable connecting devices at the middle disconnected position of the auxiliary cable form an installation position for a two-way hydraulic cylinder 8.

[0084] This is because after the upper cable intercepts the debris flow, the interception net becomes filled and blocked by the debris flow material, creating immense tension on the upper cable. This makes it difficult to easily disassemble the detachable connection at the end of the upper cable under stress, and the cable is prone to flying off under stress during disassembly, causing a safety accident. Therefore, an auxiliary disassembly mechanism is installed in parallel on one side of the upper cable. When disassembly is needed, a two-way hydraulic cylinder is first installed on the two-way hydraulic cylinder installation position on the auxiliary cable. Since the length of the two-way hydraulic cylinder is adjustable, the auxiliary cable can be tightened by shortening the length of the two-way hydraulic cylinder, causing the corresponding upper cable to change from a taut state to a slack state. At this point, the upper cable can be easily and safely disassembled. Then, the two-way hydraulic cylinder is extended to loosen the auxiliary cable, completing its disassembly. The detachable connecting device on the auxiliary cable at the disconnected position includes a double-eared hanging ring fixed at the disconnected position of the auxiliary cable, a connecting lug fixed at one end of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder, and a pin detachably connected between the two; the structure is simple, easy to install and remove, and safe and reliable to use.

[0085] The lower end of the auxiliary cable 7 is connected to the interception net via a detachable connection device, and the upper end is connected to the corresponding upper anchor via a detachable connection device.

[0086] In this way, the auxiliary cable itself can be disassembled and reinstalled when needed.

[0087] Among them, multiple interception nets 1 are set at intervals along the front and back directions of the debris flow channel, and the mesh size of the interception nets 1 gradually decreases from the upstream to the downstream end.

[0088] This allows for better tiered interception of large-diameter objects, improving interception effectiveness. For example, the mesh diameter of the upstream interception net can be around one meter, primarily used to intercept trees, while the mesh diameter of the downstream interception net can be around 10-20 centimeters, used to intercept falling rocks and other larger-diameter objects.

[0089] Specifically, in this method, the mud and water of the debris flow are separated by setting up a mud-water separation and filtration structure within the debris flow channel. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 5-6 The debris flow mud-water separation and filtration structure includes filter troughs 11 set on both sides of the bottom of the debris flow channel. The bottom cross section of the filter trough 11 is V-shaped to match the debris flow channel. Gabions 12 are installed in the filter trough 11 to form a filter structure. A blind ditch is set downward at the junction of the filter troughs on both sides to form a culvert 13 that runs forward along the debris flow channel.

[0090] In this way, after the debris flow enters the gabion, the water in the debris flow can be filtered downwards through the gabion into the lower filter trough and then converge into the blind ditch, flowing downstream along the culvert. The water turns downwards within the gabion and collides with the gabion, eliminating kinetic energy and slowing the flow velocity in the culvert, ensuring smooth flow. At the same time, after the debris flow above the gabion loses most of its water, its kinetic energy decreases and its water content drops significantly, which is more conducive to the stable interception of the sand and soil portion of the debris flow downstream.

[0091] The bottom surface of the filter settling tank 11 is provided with a concrete cushion layer 14, which forms a water collection slope.

[0092] This is more conducive to ensuring the effectiveness and stability of the water catchment.

[0093] The water collection slope is provided with a water collection structure, which includes a main water collection channel 15 arranged diagonally downward and forward. The lower end of the main water collection channel is connected to the underground channel. Multiple main water collection channels 15 are provided and arranged at intervals along the upstream and downstream directions.

[0094] In this way, after the water in the debris flow flows downward through the gabion, it can be collected more quickly and efficiently by relying on the main water collection channel and flow into the culvert, which improves the filtration efficiency of the filtration structure and makes the upper surface of the gabion have a better downward water absorption and filtration effect.

[0095] Among them, the downstream side of the main water collection channel 15 is a vertical plane, and the upstream side is an inclined plane or an arc-shaped surface.

[0096] This is because the impact force of debris flows causes the slope of the water flow direction on the catchment slope to be less than the slope of the main catchment channel. This makes the downstream side of the main catchment channel more susceptible to downward water flow impact. Therefore, designing the downstream side as a vertical plane better prevents water from flowing downwards across its downstream side, thus better ensuring the catchment effect of the main catchment channel. It also slows down the water flow velocity and dissipates energy, ensuring a more stable and gentle water flow within the culvert. In practice, the slope of the main catchment channel is typically between 45 and 90 degrees.

[0097] Each main water collection channel 15 is connected to multiple water collection branch channels 16 arranged at intervals on its upstream side. The lower end of each water collection branch channel is arranged obliquely forward with a slope less than that of the main water collection channel.

[0098] In this way, the secondary and main water collection channels are distributed on the water collection slope, further improving the water collection and diversion effect and enhancing the filtration efficiency of the filtration structure. During implementation, the secondary water collection channels are typically positioned between 0 and 45 degrees.

[0099] Each of the water collection channels 16 is a symmetrical arc or triangle. This is because the slope of the water collection channel is small, and its length direction is basically consistent with the direction of the resultant force of the water flow. Therefore, the symmetrical arc or triangle design is more conducive to water collection.

[0100] Among them, a retaining wall 17 is also installed on the downstream side of the filter settling tank, with the upper end of the retaining wall extending beyond the upper surface of the gabion by a certain distance (usually 30-100cm).

[0101] The retaining wall at this location can block the gabion, thus better ensuring the stability of the filtration structure. At the same time, the retaining wall at this location acts as a barrier against the lower part of the debris flow, thereby blocking the water flow and better ensuring the filtration effect of the filtration structure. In addition, after the debris flow that has filtered out most of the water impacts the retaining wall, it can achieve energy dissipation again, which is conducive to subsequent stable interception.

[0102] The lower end of the retaining wall 17 and the concrete cushion layer 14 of the water-collecting slope are poured as a single unit.

[0103] In this way, the weight of the gabion presses down on the concrete foundation, holding the retaining wall in place and preventing it from tipping over under strong impact, thus better ensuring the stability of its own structure.

[0104] Among them, the gabions 12 in the filter settling tank 11 are arranged in rows along the width direction, and the upper surface of each row of gabions is set in an inward arc shape with the downstream side higher than the upstream side.

[0105] In this way, multiple water-facing arc-shaped surfaces are formed on the upper surface of the gabion. These arc-shaped surfaces can better withstand the impact of debris flows and increase the contact area of ​​the impact, which is more conducive to the water flow forcibly entering the gabion and penetrating downwards, thus improving the filtration effect. At the same time, under the repeated impact and lifting effect of the water-facing arc-shaped surfaces, the debris flow repeatedly jumps up and down, which greatly dissipates energy and slows down the flow velocity. After the flow velocity is slowed down, the filtration effect of the gabion on the debris flow is further improved, reducing the water content of the subsequent debris flow.

[0106] Specifically, in this method, the remaining soil is intercepted by setting up debris flow retaining dams within the debris flow channel. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1 and Figure 2 as well as Figure 7-8 The debris flow barrier dam includes a dam body 21 fixedly installed in the debris flow channel along the width direction. A gate opening downward to the bottom is provided in the middle of the dam body 21. A gate is also provided in the gate. A filter grid 22 is provided at the bottom of the debris flow channel adjacent to the upstream side of the gate. The filter grid 22 is connected to the underground channel 13 below. The underground channel extends downstream to the outer side of the downstream end of the dam body 21.

[0107] In this way, when a debris flow arrives, the gate is lowered. After the debris flow is intercepted and blocked by the dam, the water contained in the debris flow can flow downwards through the bottom screen into the culvert and then down to the bottom of the dam, further achieving mud-water separation. After the debris flow stops, the mud and other materials intercepted by the dam can be cleared by opening the gate, allowing the barrier dam to resume its interception function. Therefore, it has the advantages of good debris flow interception and diversion effect and convenient post-debris flow dredging operations.

[0108] Among them, there is also a diversion dike 23 set at intervals from the dam body in the debris flow channel on the upstream side directly opposite the gate.

[0109] In this way, after the debris flow continues to flow forward past the debris flow barrier, it first impacts the diversion dike to dissipate energy and then splits into two streams. The split debris flow can then impact both sides of the dam body, which better dissipates energy and prevents the barrier gate from being directly impacted by the debris flow, thus better protecting the safety and stability of the gate.

[0110] Among them, the diversion dike 23 is generally long and narrow in the direction of the debris flow channel.

[0111] This allows the diversion dike to better withstand impacts and better ensure its stability.

[0112] Among them, the upstream end of the diversion dike 23 is in the shape of a forward arc.

[0113] This allows for a better distribution of traffic.

[0114] Among them, a diversion dike pressure plate 24 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upstream end of the diversion dike 23, extending forward along the bottom of the debris flow channel.

[0115] In this way, when the debris flow impacts the diversion dike, it first presses against the diversion dike's pressure plate, which better ensures the stability of the diversion dike's own structure.

[0116] Among them, the two sides of the dam body 21 and the side wall of the debris flow channel protrude upward to form a shoulder 25, and the outer side of the shoulder 25 is embedded and fixed on the side wall of the debris flow channel.

[0117] This better ensures the stability of the dam.

[0118] The gate includes a lower gate 26 located at the lower part of the gate opening, with the lower end of the lower gate 26 hinged to the lower surface of the gate opening. It also includes an upper gate 27 located above the lower gate opening, opposite to the lower gate opening. The upper gate 27 is slidably embedded in the sliding grooves on both sides of the gate opening. A gate lifting control device is provided above the upper gate opening, and a gate flipping device is installed on the downstream side of the lower gate opening. The gate flipping device is used to control the lower gate opening to flip backward.

[0119] This is because traditional debris flow retaining dams typically use upward-opening gates, which are fitted with grooves on both sides of the gate opening and can withstand significant impact pressure. However, after a debris flow occurs and is blocked, the trapped mud accumulates on the upstream side of the retaining dam, causing the upward-opening gates to experience extremely high compressive stress and deform. In this state, it is difficult to open the upward-opening gates using normal control methods, making dredging work extremely inconvenient. Therefore, this solution innovatively designs the lower part of the gate as a downward-opening gate. When dredging is needed after a debris flow occurs, the downward-opening gate can be controlled to flip and open downstream. Dredging can then proceed from the opened position of the downward-opening gate. After the lower mud is cleared, the upper mud will naturally collapse downwards until the mud on the upstream side of the upward-opening gate is cleared, no longer affecting the lifting operation of the upward-opening gate. Thus, because the lower part of the debris flow is subject to friction and viscosity from the channel surface as it advances, the impact force is relatively small. Furthermore, a diversion dike is installed directly in front of the dam gate to block and divert the flow, further reducing the impact force on the lower gate (in practice, the upper end of the diversion dike is higher than the upper end of the lower gate, better ensuring its stability). This allows it to remain stable even after being impacted by a debris flow. Therefore, this gate structure has the advantages of providing sufficient stability to withstand the impact during a debris flow while also facilitating dredging operations after the flow, thus improving dredging efficiency.

[0120] The gate lifting control device includes a support frame 28 arranged in the shape of a gantry frame on the dam body above the gate opening. A lifting machine 29 is installed on the support frame 28. It also includes a lifting screw 33 vertically installed on the upper end of the pull-up gate 27. The pull-up gate 27 is suspended from the lower end of the lifting screw and the two are rotatably connected. The lifting machine 29 includes a lifting motor and a horizontally arranged lifting nut. The lifting motor and the lifting nut are connected in a transmission. The lifting nut is limited at the upper and lower ends on the support frame and is threadedly engaged with the lifting screw.

[0121] In this way, the lifting nut and lifting screw in the elevator work together to form a screw-nut transmission pair structure, which can be easily controlled by the elevator to realize the lifting operation of the gate.

[0122] The gate overturning device includes a telescopic cylinder device 30 located on the downstream side of the lower gate. The upper end of the telescopic cylinder device 30 is hinged to the downstream surface of the lower gate, and the lower end of the telescopic cylinder device 30 is hinged to the dam foundation at the downstream end of the gate.

[0123] This allows the lower gate to be flipped open backwards by controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic cylinder.

[0124] The telescopic cylinder device 30 is a hydraulic cylinder telescopic device. This provides greater stability and support.

[0125] Among them, a gate slot 32 matching the lower gate is also provided on the dam foundation 31 on the downstream side of the lower gate. The telescopic cylinder device is set in the gate slot so that the lower gate can fall into the gate slot 32 after it flips back and opens.

[0126] In this way, the lower gate can be flipped open without affecting the entry of transport vehicles, making the dredging operation more convenient.

Claims

1. A method for graded filtration and interception of debris flows, characterized in that, First, intercept and separate large solid objects mixed in the debris flow. Then, separate the remaining debris flow components into mud and water, filter the water in the debris flow into the underground channel below for discharge downstream, and then intercept the remaining mud. After the mudslide, the intercepted material is cleared and treated. In this method, a debris flow interception net device is used to intercept and separate large solid objects mixed in the debris flow. The debris flow interception net device includes an interception net set along the cross-sectional direction inside the debris flow channel. The lower two sides of the interception net are fixed downward to the bottom of the debris flow channel, and the upper two sides of the interception net are respectively fixed upward to the slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel by upper cables. A detachable connecting device is also installed on the upper cables. The lower sides of the interception net are connected to the lower cables that slope downwards and outwards. The lower ends of the lower cables are fixedly connected to the lower anchors on both sides of the bottom of the debris flow channel. The detachable connection device includes a pair of cooperating double-eared hanging rings and connecting lugs. The double-eared hanging rings are fixedly connected to the upper side of the debris flow interception net or correspondingly anchored to the upper anchor above the debris flow gully slope. The connecting lugs are fixed to the end of the upper cable. The double-eared hanging rings and connecting lugs are fixedly connected by detachable pins after they are engaged. Both ends of the upper cable are equipped with detachable connecting devices; At least one side of the upper cable position is also provided with an auxiliary disassembly mechanism. The auxiliary disassembly mechanism includes an auxiliary cable. The lower end of the auxiliary cable is connected to the lower end connection position of the corresponding upper cable. The upper end of the auxiliary cable is connected to the upper anchor connected to the upper end connection position of the corresponding upper cable. The auxiliary cable is disconnected in the middle and a set of detachable connecting devices is provided above and below the disconnection position, so that the two sets of detachable connecting devices at the middle disconnection position of the auxiliary cable form a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder installation station.

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