An armor plate and a method of manufacturing and using the same

Abstract

The application discloses an armor plate and a preparation method and application thereof. The armor plate is composed of ceramic, high-strength magnesium alloy, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminated plate, a crack-arresting layer and an adhesive. The magnesium alloy plate with high damping performance is used as the intermediate transition layer of the armor plate, and plays a rigid supporting role on the ceramic. Meanwhile, the laser remelting is carried out on the bullet-approaching surface and the back surface of the alloy plate respectively, and the micro-texture with different appearances is generated. The micro-texture changes the normal contact stiffness of the alloy plate, and thus changes the stress reaction speed and relaxation characteristics of the alloy plate at the moment of bullet impact. In addition, the existence of the micro-texture also improves the interface bonding strength. Finally, the overall bulletproof capability of the armor plate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an armor plate, its preparation method, and its application, mainly used in protective products for helicopters, transport aircraft, gunships, attack aircraft, armored vehicles, etc. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous improvement of my country's weaponry and equipment, equipping helicopters, armored vehicles, and other equipment with bulletproof armor has become a consensus in the industry, and bulletproof armor has become a standard feature of these weapons and equipment.

[0003] Traditional bulletproof armor is mainly made of high-strength steel, but its high density and weight can affect or even reduce the mobility and range of weapons and equipment when engine power is insufficient. Later, composite armor made of structural ceramics, resin-based composite laminates, and high-strength lightweight alloys gradually emerged. These composite armors offer excellent ballistic protection, significantly reduce overall weight, and have better overall performance.

[0004] However, with the upgrading of weaponry, the industry is placing increasingly higher demands on armor performance. Specifically, achieving lightweight armor while ensuring its ballistic protection performance is a key trend in armor development and application. How to optimize and improve the efficiency of armor-related materials, processes, and structural designs within the existing material system is a common challenge that the industry urgently needs to overcome and solve.

[0005] Patent CN112140654A employs a gradient structure design to achieve lightweight armor plates. Patent CN116907290A uses high-strength aluminum alloy as a rigid support layer to fabricate armor plates. Patent CN117450856A uses aluminum alloy reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene, combined with other materials, to construct armor plates. Patent CN117516274A uses a spiral cavity constructed through 3D printing, i.e., additive manufacturing, to cause the projectile to deflect or break upon penetrating the target plate, thereby achieving lightweight target plates while improving the ballistic protection performance of the armor. Patent CN117588999A uses aramid sheets and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene sheets to construct a sandwich structure of energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing layer to improve the ballistic protection capability of the armor plates. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an armor plate, its preparation method, and its application.

[0007] The armor plate provided by this invention includes a ceramic plate, a high-strength magnesium alloy plate, and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate arranged sequentially from the incoming surface to the outgoing surface. The adjacent interfaces of the ceramic plate, magnesium alloy plate, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate are bonded with a hot melt adhesive film to form a composite armor plate. That is, the ceramic plate / adhesive film / magnesium alloy plate / adhesive film / ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate is completely covered with a hot melt adhesive film and a crack-resistant layer on the outside of the "ceramic plate / adhesive film / magnesium alloy plate / adhesive film / ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate".

[0008] The high-strength magnesium alloy plate has a microtexture on its projectile-facing and projectile-repellent surfaces, and the microstructures of the microtextures on the projectile-facing and projectile-repellent surfaces may be the same or different.

[0009] Furthermore, the micromorphology of the microtexture may be at least one of the following: parallel oriented grooves, rhomboid / cross-shaped intersecting stripes, and pit lattice.

[0010] Furthermore, the ceramic material is at least one of boron carbide, silicon carbide, and alumina;

[0011] The high-strength magnesium alloy is composed of rare earth-reinforced magnesium alloy and is obtained by solution strengthening and aging treatment (the alloy plate has already undergone this treatment during the production process, and can be directly cut to a specific size for later use).

[0012] The tensile strength of the fibers in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate is ≥40 cN / dtex;

[0013] The anti-crack layer is an aramid plain weave fabric, specifically with an areal density of 200 g / m². 2 Aramid III fiber plain weave fabric;

[0014] The hot melt adhesive film is made of thermoplastic polyolefin with an areal density of approximately 120 g / m³. 2 .

[0015] The above-mentioned armor plates are prepared by a method including the following steps:

[0016] (1) Pre-treatment of high-strength magnesium alloy plate;

[0017] (2) Microtextures are generated on the projectile-facing and projectile-reverse surfaces of the high-strength magnesium alloy plate by laser remelting;

[0018] (3) The ceramic plate, hot melt adhesive film, high-strength magnesium alloy plate treated in step (2), hot melt adhesive film, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate are stacked and combined in sequence, and the hot melt adhesive film and aramid plain weave fabric as a crack-stopping layer are wrapped to form a prefabricated armor plate.

[0019] (4) Place the prefabricated armor plate into a hot press and perform vacuum hot pressing composite treatment to bond and fasten the main components of the armor plate together. Then cool it to room temperature and take it out.

[0020] In step (1) of the above method, the pretreatment operation is as follows: use 800-grit, 1000-grit, and 1500-grit sandpaper to grind the surface of the high-strength magnesium alloy plate in turn to remove dirt, and then use ultrasonic treatment in clean water to remove residual grinding debris from the surface of the magnesium alloy plate; finally, take out the magnesium alloy plate and dry it at 50°C to remove residual solvent or moisture from the surface.

[0021] In step (2), the laser remelting is achieved using a laser surface treatment system, wherein the power is set to 30W-60W, the frequency to 90kHz, the scanning rate to 2000mm / s, the pulse width to 0.35μs, and at least one scan is performed.

[0022] In step (4), the vacuum hot-pressing composite treatment specifically refers to placing the prefabricated armor plate into a vacuum bag, and then further placing it in a hot-pressing tank at a temperature of 110°C, a vacuum degree of -0.095MPa to -0.098MPa, an air pressure of 0.5MPa to 1.5MPa, and a heat preservation and pressure holding time of 60 minutes, so that the main components of the armor plate are bonded and tightened together, and then cooled to room temperature and taken out.

[0023] The application of the aforementioned armor plates in aircraft such as helicopters, transport aircraft, gunships, and attack aircraft, as well as armored vehicles, also falls within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies and products, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] 1) The high-strength magnesium alloy in the armor plate has a relatively low density, high modulus and high damping performance, which is beneficial to provide rigid support for the ceramic at the moment of impact, promoting its fragmentation and energy absorption; at the same time, due to the good damping performance of magnesium alloy, it is beneficial to absorb and reduce the shock wave at the moment of impact, thereby improving the ballistic protection capability of the armor plate.

[0026] 2) The projectile-facing and projectile-repellent surfaces of the alloy plate have microtextures, which alter the normal contact stiffness of the alloy plate, thereby changing the stress response speed and relaxation characteristics of the alloy plate at the moment of impact, ultimately improving the overall ballistic protection capability of the armor plate.

[0027] 3) The presence of micro-texture on the surface of the alloy plate improves the bonding strength between the components of the target plate, making the bonded surface less prone to detachment and cracking when hit by a projectile, thus indirectly improving the bulletproof capability of the armor plate. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the armor plate of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 The image shows the microstructure of the microtexture in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, where the arrow indicates the scanning direction during laser surface treatment.

[0030] Figure 3 The image shows the microstructure of the microtexture in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, where the arrow indicates the scanning direction during laser surface treatment. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0033] In the following embodiments, the tensile strength of the fibers in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate is ≥40 cN / dtex. The manufacturer is Shandong Aidi New Material Co., Ltd., and the model is T90. The hot melt adhesive film is a thermoplastic polyolefin with an areal density of approximately 120 g / m³. 2 The aramid plain weave fabric is an aramid III fiber plain weave fabric with an areal density of 200 g / m². 2 Manufacturer: Sichuan Huiteng Technology Co., Ltd., Model: FFP-200.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] First, take a commercially available magnesium alloy plate (model: VW94, Zhengzhou Qingyan Alloy Technology Co., Ltd.), and use 800-grit, 1000-grit, and 1500-grit sandpaper to sand the surface of the magnesium alloy plate in turn to remove dirt. Then, ultrasonically treat the surface of the magnesium alloy plate in clean water for 10 minutes to remove residual abrasives. Finally, take out the magnesium alloy plate and put it into an electric heating drying oven at 50°C to dry it and remove residual solvents or moisture from the surface.

[0036] A laser surface treatment system was used, with a power of 50W, a frequency of 90kHz, a scanning rate of 2000mm / s, and a pulse width of 0.35μs. At least one scan was performed to form microtextures on the projectile-facing and projectile-reversing surfaces of a magnesium alloy plate. These microtextures consisted of parallel grooves, such as... Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 The middle arrow indicates the scanning direction during laser surface treatment.

[0037] The boron carbide ceramic plate, hot melt adhesive film, magnesium alloy plate, hot melt adhesive film, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate are sequentially stacked and combined, and then wrapped with a hot melt adhesive film and a surface density of 200g / m³. 2 Aramid plain weave fabric is used as a crack-resistant layer to form the prefabricated armor plate;

[0038] Finally, the prefabricated armor plate is placed in a vacuum bag and then further placed in an autoclave at 110°C, vacuum degree -0.095MPa, and air pressure 0.8MPa for 60 minutes to bond and secure the main components of the armor plate. After cooling to room temperature, it is taken out for impact testing.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] First, take a commercially available magnesium alloy plate (model: VW94, Zhengzhou Qingyan Alloy Technology Co., Ltd.), and use 800-grit, 1000-grit, and 1500-grit sandpaper to polish the surface of the magnesium alloy in turn to remove dirt. Then, ultrasonically treat the surface of the magnesium alloy plate in clean water for 10 minutes to remove residual abrasives. Finally, take out the magnesium alloy plate and put it into an electric heating drying oven at 50°C to dry it and remove residual solvents or moisture from the surface.

[0041] A laser surface treatment system was used, with a power of 50W, a frequency of 90kHz, a scanning rate of 2000mm / s, and a pulse width of 0.35μs. A horizontal scan was performed first, followed by a vertical scan, to form microtextures on the projectile-facing and projectile-rear surfaces of the magnesium alloy. These microtextures consist of cross-shaped intersecting stripes, specifically as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The middle arrow indicates the scanning direction during laser surface treatment.

[0042] The boron carbide ceramic plate, hot melt adhesive film, magnesium alloy plate, hot melt adhesive film, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiberboard are sequentially stacked and combined, and then wrapped with a hot melt adhesive film and a surface density of 200g / m³. 2 Aramid plain weave fabric is used as a crack-resistant layer to form the prefabricated armor plate;

[0043] Finally, the prefabricated armor plate is placed in a vacuum bag and then further placed in an autoclave at 110°C, vacuum degree -0.095MPa, and air pressure 1.0MPa for 60 minutes to bond and tighten the main components of the armor plate. Then it is cooled to room temperature and taken out for impact testing.

[0044] Comparative Example

[0045] First, take a commercially available magnesium alloy plate (model: VW94, Zhengzhou Qingyan Alloy Technology Co., Ltd.), and use 800-grit, 1000-grit, and 1500-grit sandpaper to polish the surface of the magnesium alloy in turn to remove dirt. Then, ultrasonically treat the surface of the magnesium alloy plate in clean water for 10 minutes to remove residual abrasives. Finally, take out the magnesium alloy plate and put it into an electric heating drying oven at 50°C to dry it and remove residual solvents or moisture from the surface.

[0046] Then, boron carbide ceramic plate / hot melt adhesive film / magnesium alloy plate / hot melt adhesive film / ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber plate are sequentially stacked and combined, and then wrapped with hot melt adhesive film and surface density of 200g / m³. 2 Aramid plain weave fabric is used as a crack-resistant layer to form the prefabricated armor plate;

[0047] Finally, the prefabricated armor plate is placed in a vacuum bag and then further placed in an autoclave at 110°C, vacuum degree -0.095MPa, and air pressure 1.0MPa for 60 minutes to bond and tighten the main components of the armor plate. Then it is cooled to room temperature and taken out for impact testing.

[0048] The combined target plates prepared according to Examples 1, 2, and the comparative example yielded the following results after impact:

[0049]

[0050] The present invention has been described in detail above. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of ways with equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from its spirit and scope, and without requiring unnecessary experiments. While specific embodiments have been provided, it should be understood that further modifications can be made to the invention. In summary, according to the principles of the invention, this application is intended to include any changes, uses, or improvements to the invention, including changes made using conventional techniques known in the art that depart from the scope disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Armor plate, mainly comprising a ceramic plate, a high-strength magnesium alloy plate, and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate arranged sequentially from the incoming surface to the outgoing surface. The adjacent interfaces of the ceramic plate, magnesium alloy plate, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate are bonded with hot melt adhesive film to form a composite armor plate, namely, ceramic plate / adhesive film / magnesium alloy plate / adhesive film / ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate. The entire exterior of the "ceramic plate / adhesive film / magnesium alloy plate / adhesive film / ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate" is covered with a hot melt adhesive film and a crack-resistant layer. The high-strength magnesium alloy plate has a microtexture on its projectile-facing and projectile-reversing surfaces, and the microstructures of the microtextures on the projectile-facing and projectile-reversing surfaces may be the same or different. The microstructure of the microtexture is at least one of the following: parallel oriented grooves, rhomboid / cross-shaped intersecting stripes, and pit lattice. The high-strength magnesium alloy is a rare-earth-reinforced magnesium alloy, obtained through solid solution strengthening and aging treatment.

2. The armor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic material is at least one of boron carbide, silicon carbide, and alumina; The tensile strength of the fibers in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate is ≥40 cN / dtex; The anti-cracking layer is an aramid plain weave woven fabric; The hot melt adhesive film is made of thermoplastic polyolefin with an areal density of approximately 120 g / m³. 2 .

3. The method for preparing the armor plate according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps: (1) Pre-treat the surface of the high-strength magnesium alloy plate; (2) Microtextures are generated on the projectile-facing and projectile-reversing surfaces of the high-strength magnesium alloy plate by laser remelting; (3) The ceramic plate, hot melt adhesive film, high-strength magnesium alloy plate treated in step (2), hot melt adhesive film, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminate are stacked in sequence, and the hot melt adhesive film and aramid plain weave fabric as crack-resistant layer are wrapped on the outside to form a prefabricated armor plate. (4) Place the prefabricated armor plate into a vacuum bag, then into a hot press, and perform vacuum hot pressing composite treatment to bond and tighten the main components of the armor plate. Then cool to room temperature and remove.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the pretreatment operation is as follows: use 800-grit, 1000-grit, and 1500-grit sandpaper to grind the surface of the high-strength magnesium alloy plate in sequence to remove dirt, and then use ultrasonic treatment in clean water to remove residual grinding debris from the surface of the magnesium alloy plate; finally, take out the magnesium alloy plate and dry it at 50°C to remove residual solvent or moisture from the surface.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the laser remelting is achieved using a laser surface treatment system, wherein the power is set to 30W to 60W, the frequency to 90kHz, the scanning rate to 2000mm / s, the pulse width to 0.35μs, and at least one scan is performed.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (4), the vacuum hot-press composite treatment involves placing the prefabricated armor plate into a vacuum bag and then further placing it in a hot-press tank at a temperature of 110°C, a vacuum degree of -0.095MPa to -0.098MPa, an air pressure of 0.5MPa to 1.5MPa, and a heat preservation and pressure holding time of 60 minutes.

7. The application of the armor plate according to claim 1 or 2 in an aircraft or armored vehicle.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aircraft include helicopters, transport aircraft, gunships, and attack aircraft.

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