A fast response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method, relating to the field of hydrogen-air fuel cell technology. The system includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank, an air-temperature chamber, a temperature-controlled heat exchanger, and a fuel cell. This invention utilizes a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder as a supplement when the system's hydrogen consumption increases sharply. The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is located inside the air-temperature chamber and is cooled by the heat of vaporization of cryogenic liquid hydrogen, effectively increasing the hydrogen charge and overcoming the overheating problem during high-pressure hydrogen charging. The liquid hydrogen medium is heated in stages through the air-temperature chamber and the temperature-controlled heat exchanger. A larger proportion of the heat of vaporization is cooled by the air-temperature chamber, while a smaller proportion of the sensible heat is cooled by the power-adjustable temperature-controlled heat exchanger, effectively improving the system's energy utilization efficiency and temperature control accuracy. Furthermore, the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline and the liquid hydrogen pipeline are connected in parallel, both equipped with regulating valves to adjust the flow rate of gaseous hydrogen fuel, increasing the system's control dimensions and enhancing the control capabilities for hydrogen fuel pressure and flow information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen-air fuel cell technology, and specifically to a fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Low-carbon development in aviation is a crucial direction for low-carbon development in the transportation sector. Carbon emissions in aviation primarily originate from the combustion of fossil fuels. Hydrogen energy, due to its cleanliness, lack of pollution, and higher energy density, is considered the best alternative to fossil fuels. Many aviation companies have begun researching hydrogen-powered aircraft and hydrogen-powered aviation propulsion. This includes advancing theoretical research and technological verification of hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen internal combustion engines, hydrogen turbines, and hydrogen turbine hybrid aircraft, and establishing collaborative innovation models with upstream and downstream industries in the hydrogen energy sector. Furthermore, it involves exploring new operational models for commercial hydrogen-powered aircraft, focusing on future development trends in hydrogen aviation. During flight, hydrogen-powered aircraft engage in various scenarios, including taxiing, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, approach, and landing. Certain scenarios can lead to a sharp increase in hydrogen fuel demand. However, the inherent lag in conventional liquid hydrogen storage and supply systems often hinders rapid response to increased hydrogen supply, limiting the rapid adoption and breakthroughs of liquid hydrogen technology in the aviation field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method. This invention utilizes easily disassembled high-pressure hydrogen cylinders as a supplement when the system's hydrogen consumption increases rapidly, thereby improving the hydrogen supply response rate. Simultaneously, it uses cryogenic liquid hydrogen to cool the high-pressure hydrogen cylinders, increasing the hydrogen filling capacity and preventing overheating during filling.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, including a liquid hydrogen storage tank, an air-temperature box, a temperature-controlled heat exchanger, and a fuel cell; the temperature-controlled heat exchanger has a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel that can form heat exchange contact.

[0006] The bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the top of the tank via a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline, which is sequentially equipped with a first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve and a pressurized vaporizer, forming a circulation loop. The bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is also connected sequentially via a liquid hydrogen pipeline to a second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve, an air-temperature chamber, the second channel of a temperature-controlled heat exchanger, a temperature sensor, a first regulating valve, a pressure sensor, a flow controller, a flow meter, a first hydrogen shut-off valve, and a fuel cell. A bypass branch equipped with a third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve is also connected to the liquid hydrogen pipeline. The bypass branch starts between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve and ends at the air-temperature chamber and the temperature-controlled vaporizer. Between the heat exchangers; the air-temperature chamber is equipped with several high-pressure hydrogen cylinders, each of which is sequentially connected to a second hydrogen shut-off valve, a second regulating valve, the first channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger, and a liquid hydrogen pipeline located between the first regulating valve and the pressure sensor via a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline. A branch with a third hydrogen shut-off valve is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline located between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinders and the second hydrogen shut-off valve; an ethylene glycol pipeline is provided between the temperature-controlled heat exchanger and the fuel cell, and the ethylene glycol pipeline is sequentially connected to the cooling channel of the fuel cell, the ethylene glycol shut-off valve, the circulation pump, and the third channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger to form a circulation loop;

[0007] The pressure sensor, the first regulating valve, and the second regulating valve are respectively connected to the controller via signal lines. The controller can adjust the opening degree of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve according to the signal from the pressure sensor. The flow controller and the flow meter are respectively connected to the controller via signal lines. The controller can adjust the opening degree of the flow controller according to the signal from the flow meter. The temperature sensor and the circulating pump are respectively connected to the controller via signal lines. The controller can adjust the power of the circulating pump according to the signal from the temperature sensor.

[0008] As a preferred option, the liquid hydrogen storage tank, liquid hydrogen pipeline, and temperature-controlled heat exchanger are all wrapped with insulation material.

[0009] Preferably, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is a composite material cylinder with a pressure of 70 MPa or 90 MPa.

[0010] Preferably, the air chamber is equipped with heat exchange fins on the outside.

[0011] As a preferred option, the liquid hydrogen storage tank can also be pressurized internally by introducing cryogenic helium gas.

[0012] Preferably, the ethylene glycol pipeline is filled with ethylene glycol as the working medium.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a control method for a fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system as described in any of the first aspects, as follows:

[0014] With all valves closed and all equipment shut down, the liquid hydrogen storage tank has completed the liquid hydrogen filling process.

[0015] S1: When the fuel cell's demand for hydrogen fuel is stable, the system is in normal operation, as follows:

[0016] Start the booster vaporizer, open the first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve, the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve, and the first hydrogen shut-off valve, adjust the first regulating valve to the target opening degree, and set the flow controller to the target flow range; the liquid hydrogen at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank enters the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline, enters the booster vaporizer through the first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve, absorbs heat and completes vaporization, and then enters the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank for pressurization;

[0017] Driven by pressure, a large amount of liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline from the liquid hydrogen storage tank and enters the air temperature box through the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve. The liquid hydrogen is converted into hydrogen gas, releasing the latent heat of vaporization and cooling the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder. The hydrogen gas then enters the second channel of the temperature control heat exchanger, absorbs the heat of ethylene glycol in the third channel of the temperature control heat exchanger, and is precisely heated to the set temperature.

[0018] When a problem occurs in the empty temperature chamber or high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, open the third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve and directly use the bypass pipeline to transport the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the second channel of the temperature control heat exchanger; otherwise, the third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve is closed.

[0019] After the hydrogen is heated to the set temperature in the temperature-controlled heat exchanger, it is depressurized to the set pressure through the first regulating valve, and the opening of the first regulating valve is adjusted by the controller according to the pressure sensor signal; then the hydrogen is regulated to the set flow rate through the flow controller, and the opening of the flow controller is adjusted by the controller according to the flow meter signal; after the temperature, pressure and flow rate are regulated, the hydrogen finally enters the fuel cell through the first hydrogen shut-off valve to generate electricity.

[0020] Open the ethylene glycol shut-off valve and start the circulation pump; the ethylene glycol solution first absorbs heat and heats up in the external cooling channel of the fuel cell through the ethylene glycol pipeline, and then sequentially enters the third channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger through the ethylene glycol shut-off valve and the circulation pump to release heat and cool down, and finally returns to the external cooling channel of the fuel cell, repeating the cycle; the operating power of the circulation pump is adjusted by the controller according to the signal from the temperature sensor.

[0021] Open the third hydrogen shut-off valve and fill the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder in the air temperature chamber with high-pressure hydrogen. The waste heat generated during the filling process is absorbed by the low-temperature hydrogen outside the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder. At the same time, since the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is low, the amount of hydrogen filled can be further increased to improve the weight ratio of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system. After filling is completed, close the third hydrogen shut-off valve.

[0022] S2: When the fuel cell's demand for hydrogen fuel increases sharply, the system enters a fast-response operation phase, as detailed below:

[0023] Based on the normal operation phase of S1, the second hydrogen shut-off valve is opened, and the second regulating valve is adjusted to the set opening degree. High-pressure hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder enters the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline, first passing through the second hydrogen shut-off valve and then entering the second regulating valve to reduce the pressure to the set pressure. Subsequently, it enters the first channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger, absorbs the heat from the ethylene glycol in the third channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger, and is heated to the set temperature. Finally, it enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline and merges with the hydrogen inside, increasing the overall hydrogen supply capacity of the system and meeting the hydrogen fuel demand of the fuel cell.

[0024] The significant and beneficial technical effects of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows: Utilizing a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder as a supplement when the system's hydrogen consumption increases dramatically significantly enhances the system's hydrogen supply response capability without affecting the system's weight ratio. Furthermore, the high-pressure cylinder is easy to disassemble and use, greatly improving system flexibility. The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is located inside an air-temperature chamber and cooled by the heat of vaporization of cryogenic liquid hydrogen, effectively increasing the hydrogen charging volume and overcoming the overheating adverse effects of the high-pressure hydrogen charging process. The liquid hydrogen medium is heated in stages through the air-temperature chamber and a temperature-controlled heat exchanger. The majority of the vaporization heat is cooled by the air-temperature chamber, while the smaller proportion of sensible heat is cooled by the power-adjustable temperature-controlled heat exchanger, effectively improving the system's energy utilization efficiency and temperature control accuracy. In addition, the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline and the liquid hydrogen pipeline are connected in parallel, both equipped with regulating valves to adjust the flow rate of gaseous hydrogen fuel, increasing the system's control dimensions and enhancing the control capabilities of hydrogen fuel pressure and flow information.

[0025] The following will further explain the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline; 2. Liquid hydrogen storage tank; 3. First liquid hydrogen shut-off valve; 4. Pressurized vaporizer; 5. Liquid hydrogen pipeline; 6. Second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve; 7. Air temperature chamber; 8. Third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve; 9. Temperature control heat exchanger; 10. Temperature sensor; 11. First regulating valve; 12. Pressure sensor; 13. Flow controller; 14. Flow meter; 15. First hydrogen shut-off valve; 16. Fuel cell; 17. Ethylene glycol pipeline; 18. Ethylene glycol shut-off valve; 19. Circulation pump; 20. High-pressure hydrogen pipeline; 21. High-pressure hydrogen cylinder; 22. Second hydrogen shut-off valve; 23. Third hydrogen shut-off valve; 24. Second regulating valve; 25. Controller; 26. Signal line. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. Technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without mutual conflict.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be a direct connection to the other element or an indirect connection, i.e., there is an intermediate element. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there is no intermediate element.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the term "high pressure" in the components "high pressure hydrogen pipeline 20, high pressure hydrogen cylinder 21" is used only for distinguishing descriptive purposes and refers to "high pressure" relative to different locations of the same pipeline, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the pressure limitation of the indicated technical features.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system. The system mainly includes a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 1, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, a first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3, a pressurized vaporizer 4, a liquid hydrogen pipeline 5, a second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 6, an air-temperature chamber 7, a third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 8, a temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9, a temperature sensor 10, a first regulating valve 11, a pressure sensor 12, a flow controller 13, a flow meter 14, a first hydrogen shut-off valve 15, a fuel cell 16, an ethylene glycol pipeline 17, an ethylene glycol shut-off valve 18, a circulation pump 19, a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 20, a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21, a second hydrogen shut-off valve 22, a third hydrogen shut-off valve 23, a second regulating valve 24, a controller 25, and a signal line 26.

[0033] The temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9 has a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel that can form a heat exchange contact.

[0034] In this invention, the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is connected to the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 via a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 1, forming a circulation loop. The liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 1 is sequentially equipped with a first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3 and a pressurization vaporizer 4. That is, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 1 is sequentially connected to the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, the first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3, the pressurization vaporizer, and the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, vaporizing a small amount of liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and transporting it to its top gas phase space, increasing the internal pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, and enabling the hydrogen fuel inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to be transported through the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 can also achieve internal pressurization by introducing a medium such as cryogenic helium.

[0036] In this invention, the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is also connected in sequence via a liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 to a second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 6, an air-temperature chamber 7, the second channel of a temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9, a temperature sensor 10, a first regulating valve 11, a pressure sensor 12, a flow controller 13, a flow meter 14, a first hydrogen shut-off valve 15, and a fuel cell 16. A bypass branch equipped with a third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 8 is also connected to the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5. The starting point of the bypass branch is located on the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 6, and the ending point is located on the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 between the air-temperature chamber 7 and the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9. In other words, the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 is connected to the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and then splits into two branches: the first branch is a bypass branch, equipped with a third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 8, which then merges back into the main pipeline 5; the second branch is the main pipeline, which sequentially connects to the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 6, the air-temperature chamber 7, the second channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9, the temperature sensor 10, the first regulating valve 11, the pressure sensor 12, the flow controller 13, the flow meter 14, the first hydrogen shut-off valve 15, and the fuel cell 16. The liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen fuel in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 into hydrogen, and to regulate its temperature, pressure, flow rate, and other state parameters, which are ultimately input into the fuel cell 16 to generate electricity.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, heat exchange fins may be provided on the outside of the air temperature chamber 7 to increase heat exchange efficiency.

[0038] In this invention, the air-temperature chamber 7 is equipped with multiple (two in this embodiment) high-pressure hydrogen cylinders 21. Each high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21 is sequentially connected to a second hydrogen shut-off valve 22, a second regulating valve 24, the first channel of the temperature control heat exchanger 9, and a liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 located between the first regulating valve 11 and the pressure sensor 12 via a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 20. This allows for the regulation of the hydrogen state within the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21 before delivery to the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5. A branch is also connected to the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 20 located between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21 and the second hydrogen shut-off valve 22. A third hydrogen shut-off valve 23 is installed on this branch, which is used for filling the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21 is located inside the air-temperature chamber 7 and is cooled by cryogenic liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas. The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21 can be a composite material cylinder with a pressure of 70 MPa or 90 MPa, reducing the overall weight of the system.

[0040] In this invention, an ethylene glycol pipeline 17 is provided between the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9 and the fuel cell 16. The ethylene glycol pipeline 17 is sequentially connected to the cooling channel of the fuel cell 16, the ethylene glycol shut-off valve 18, the circulation pump 19, and the third channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9 to form a circulation loop.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ethylene glycol pipeline 17 is filled with an ethylene glycol solution as the working medium.

[0042] In this invention, the pressure sensor 12, the first regulating valve 11, and the second regulating valve 24 are respectively connected to the controller 25 via signal lines 26. The connection method should enable the controller 25 to adjust the opening degree of the first regulating valve 11 and the second regulating valve 24 according to the signal from the pressure sensor 12.

[0043] In this invention, the flow controller 13 and the flow meter 14 are respectively connected to the controller 25 via signal lines 26. The connection method should enable the controller 25 to adjust the opening degree of the flow controller 13 according to the signal of the flow meter 14.

[0044] In this invention, the temperature sensor 10 and the circulation pump 19 are respectively connected to the controller 25 via signal lines 26. The connection method should enable the controller 25 to adjust the power of the circulation pump 19 according to the signal from the temperature sensor 10.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, liquid hydrogen pipeline 5, temperature control heat exchanger 9 and other components should all be wrapped with heat insulation material to prevent heat leakage.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the regulating valve can control the pressure of the medium after passing through the valve according to the valve opening degree, and the flow controller can realize the regulation of the set flow rate through its internal structure.

[0047] Utilizing the aforementioned fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, this invention also provides a control method (i.e., operating principle), which is as follows:

[0048] First, assuming all valves are closed and all equipment is stopped, liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 completes the liquid hydrogen filling process.

[0049] (1) Normal operation phase: The hydrogen fuel demand of fuel cell 16 is stable. That is, when the hydrogen fuel demand of fuel cell 16 is stable, the system is in the normal operation phase, as follows:

[0050] Start the booster vaporizer 4, open the first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3, the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 6, and the first hydrogen shut-off valve 15, adjust the first regulating valve 11 to the target (specific) opening degree, and set the flow controller 13 to the target (specific) flow range. The liquid hydrogen at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 enters the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 1, enters the booster vaporizer 4 through the first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 3, absorbs heat and completes vaporization, and then enters the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 for pressurization.

[0051] Driven by pressure, a large amount of liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, and then enters the air temperature chamber 7 through the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 6. There, the liquid hydrogen is converted into hydrogen gas, releasing its latent heat of vaporization and cooling the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21. The hydrogen gas then enters the second channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9, absorbing heat from the ethylene glycol in the third channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9, precisely raising its temperature to the set temperature.

[0052] When a problem occurs in the air chamber 7 or the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21, the third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 8 can be opened to directly use the bypass pipeline to transport the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the second channel of the temperature control heat exchanger 9; otherwise, the third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 8 is closed.

[0053] After the hydrogen gas is heated to the set temperature in the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9, it is depressurized to the set pressure through the first regulating valve 11. The opening degree of the first regulating valve 11 is adjusted by the controller 25 based on the signal from the pressure sensor 12. Subsequently, the hydrogen gas is regulated to the set flow rate through the flow controller 13. The opening degree of the flow controller 13 is adjusted by the controller 25 based on the signal from the flow meter 14. After the temperature, pressure, and flow rate are regulated, the hydrogen gas finally enters the fuel cell 16 through the first hydrogen shut-off valve 15 to generate electricity.

[0054] Open the ethylene glycol shut-off valve 18 and start the circulation pump 19. The ethylene glycol solution first absorbs heat and heats up in the external cooling channel of the fuel cell 16 through the ethylene glycol pipeline 17, then sequentially passes through the ethylene glycol shut-off valve 18 and the circulation pump 19 into the third channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9 to release heat and cool down, and finally returns to the external cooling channel of the fuel cell 16, repeating the cycle. The operating power of the circulation pump 19 is adjusted by the controller 25 according to the signal from the temperature sensor 10.

[0055] Open the third hydrogen shut-off valve 23 to charge the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21 in the air temperature chamber 7 with high-pressure hydrogen. The waste heat generated during the charging process is absorbed by the low-temperature hydrogen outside the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21. At the same time, since the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21 is low, the amount of hydrogen charged can be further increased to improve the weight ratio of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system. After the charging is completed, close the third hydrogen shut-off valve 23.

[0056] (2) Fast Response Operation Phase: The demand for hydrogen fuel in fuel cell 16 increases sharply. That is, when the demand for hydrogen fuel in fuel cell 16 increases sharply, the system is in the fast response operation phase, as detailed below:

[0057] Based on the normal operation phase of S1, the second hydrogen shut-off valve 22 is opened, and the second regulating valve 24 is adjusted to the set opening degree. High-pressure hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 21 enters the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 20, first passing through the second hydrogen shut-off valve 22 and then entering the second regulating valve 24 to reduce the pressure to the set pressure. Subsequently, it enters the first channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9, absorbing heat from the ethylene glycol in the third channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger 9 to raise the temperature to the set temperature. Finally, it enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline 5 and merges with the hydrogen inside, increasing the overall hydrogen supply capacity of the system and meeting the hydrogen fuel requirements of the fuel cell 16.

[0058] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained through equivalent substitution or transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, characterized by, It includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), an air temperature chamber (7), a temperature-controlled heat exchanger (9), and a fuel cell (16); the temperature-controlled heat exchanger (9) has a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel that can form a heat exchange contact. The bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) is connected to the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) through a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (1) with a first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (3) and a pressurized vaporizer (4) in sequence, forming a circulation loop. The bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) is also connected to the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (6), the air temperature box (7), the second channel of the temperature control heat exchanger (9), the temperature sensor (10), the first regulating valve (11), the pressure sensor (12), the flow controller (13), the flow meter (14), the first hydrogen shut-off valve (15), and the fuel cell (16) in sequence through a liquid hydrogen pipeline (5). A bypass branch with a third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (8) is also connected to the liquid hydrogen pipeline (5). The starting point of the bypass branch is located between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (6), and the ending point is located between the air temperature box (7) and the temperature control heat exchanger (9). The air-temperature chamber (7) is equipped with several high-pressure hydrogen cylinders (21). Each high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21) is connected in sequence to the second hydrogen shut-off valve (22), the second regulating valve (24), the first channel of the temperature control heat exchanger (9), and the liquid hydrogen pipeline (5) located between the first regulating valve (11) and the pressure sensor (12) via a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline (20). A branch with a third hydrogen shut-off valve (23) is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline (20) located between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21) and the second hydrogen shut-off valve (22). An ethylene glycol pipeline (17) is provided between the temperature control heat exchanger (9) and the fuel cell (16). The ethylene glycol pipeline (17) is connected in sequence to the cooling channel of the fuel cell (16), the ethylene glycol shut-off valve (18), the circulation pump (19), and the third channel of the temperature control heat exchanger (9) to form a circulation loop. The pressure sensor (12), the first regulating valve (11), and the second regulating valve (24) are connected to the controller (25) via signal lines (26). The controller (25) can adjust the opening of the first regulating valve (11) and the second regulating valve (24) according to the signal from the pressure sensor (12). The flow controller (13) and the flow meter (14) are connected to the controller (25) via signal lines (26). The controller (25) can adjust the opening of the flow controller (13) according to the signal from the flow meter (14). The temperature sensor (10) and the circulating pump (19) are connected to the controller (25) via signal lines (26). The controller (25) can adjust the power of the circulating pump (19) according to the signal from the temperature sensor (10).

2. The fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), liquid hydrogen pipeline (5), and temperature control heat exchanger (9) are all wrapped with heat insulation material.

3. A fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21) is a composite material cylinder with a pressure of 70 MPa or 90 MPa.

4. The fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air temperature box (7) is equipped with heat exchange fins on the outside.

5. A fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) can also be pressurized internally by introducing cryogenic helium gas.

6. The fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ethylene glycol pipeline (17) is filled with ethylene glycol as the working medium.

7. A control method for a fast-response liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Specifically as follows: With all valves closed and all equipment stopped, the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) has completed the liquid hydrogen filling process. S1: When the demand for hydrogen fuel in the fuel cell (16) is stable, the system is in the normal operation phase, as follows: Start the booster vaporizer (4), open the first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (3), the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (6), and the first hydrogen shut-off valve (15), adjust the first regulating valve (11) to the target opening, and set the flow controller (13) to the target flow range; the liquid hydrogen at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) enters the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline (1), enters the booster vaporizer (4) through the first liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (3), absorbs heat and completes vaporization, and then enters the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) to pressurize it; Driven by pressure, a large amount of liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline (5) from the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), and enters the air temperature box (7) through the second liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (6), where it is converted from liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas, releasing the latent heat of vaporization and cooling the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21); the hydrogen gas then enters the second channel of the temperature control heat exchanger (9), absorbing the heat of ethylene glycol in the third channel of the temperature control heat exchanger (9), and precisely heating up to the set temperature; When a problem occurs in the air chamber (7) or the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21), open the third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (8) and use the bypass pipeline to directly transport the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) to the second channel of the temperature control heat exchanger (9); otherwise, the third liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (8) is closed. After the hydrogen gas is heated to the set temperature in the temperature-controlled heat exchanger (9), it is depressurized to the set pressure through the first regulating valve (11), and the opening degree of the first regulating valve (11) is adjusted by the controller (25) according to the signal of the pressure sensor (12); then the hydrogen gas is adjusted to the set flow rate through the flow controller (13), and the opening degree of the flow controller (13) is adjusted by the controller (25) according to the signal of the flow meter (14); after the temperature, pressure and flow rate are regulated, the hydrogen gas finally enters the fuel cell (16) through the first hydrogen gas shut-off valve (15) to generate electricity; Open the ethylene glycol shut-off valve (18) and start the circulation pump (19); the ethylene glycol solution first absorbs heat and heats up in the external cooling channel of the fuel cell (16) through the ethylene glycol pipeline (17), and then enters the third channel of the temperature-controlled heat exchanger (9) through the ethylene glycol shut-off valve (18) and the circulation pump (19) to release heat and cool down, and finally returns to the external cooling channel of the fuel cell (16) for repeated circulation; the operating power of the circulation pump (19) is adjusted by the controller (25) according to the signal of the temperature sensor (10); Open the third hydrogen shut-off valve (23) and fill the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21) in the air temperature chamber (7) with high-pressure hydrogen. The waste heat generated during the filling process is absorbed by the low-temperature hydrogen outside the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21). At the same time, since the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21) is low, the amount of hydrogen filled is further increased to improve the weight ratio of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system. After the filling is completed, close the third hydrogen shut-off valve (23). S2: When the demand for hydrogen fuel in the fuel cell (16) increases sharply, the system is in a fast response operation phase, as follows: Based on the normal operation phase of S1, the second hydrogen shut-off valve (22) is opened and the second regulating valve (24) is adjusted to the set opening degree. The high-pressure hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (21) enters the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline (20), first passes through the second hydrogen shut-off valve (22) and enters the second regulating valve (24) to reduce the pressure to the set pressure, and then enters the first channel of the temperature control heat exchanger (9), absorbs the heat of ethylene glycol in the third channel of the temperature control heat exchanger (9) to raise the temperature to the set temperature, and finally enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline (5) and merges with the hydrogen inside it, increasing the overall hydrogen supply capacity of the system and meeting the hydrogen fuel demand of the fuel cell (16).

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