Antenna and wireless communication device

Abstract

The application discloses an antenna and a wireless communication device. The antenna comprises a first metal body, the first metal body comprises N slots, and the N slots are determined according to a first parameter set. The first parameter set comprises at least one of the following parameters: a working frequency band of the antenna, a lowest-order waveguide mode corresponding to the N slots, a height H of the N slots, a side length P of the N slots, a filling medium, a desired transmission amplitude and a phase. The N slots correspond to N antenna units. According to the scheme, the antenna has a simple structure, is easy to process and install, and has good transmission performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and a wireless communication device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of communication technology, the era of the Internet of Things is gradually arriving. Automation, informatization, and intelligence have become requirements for various communication systems. To meet these requirements, each wireless communication device in a communication system needs to have the ability to communicate with the main control device. However, some wireless communication devices in a communication system (such as terminal devices) are located in enclosed spaces, resulting in significant electromagnetic signal penetration loss, which affects the communication quality with the base station. Taking airport activity guidance systems as an example, the illumination of airport runway navigation lights is one of the key factors in improving guidance efficiency. However, navigation lights are usually buried underground and covered entirely by metal, making it impossible to communicate well with the entire system, resulting in the inability to achieve individual light control and a decrease in overall guidance efficiency. Therefore, it is desirable to improve the wave transmission and shaping capabilities of wireless communication devices in these enclosed spaces.

[0003] One existing solution achieves transmission by stacking multiple circuit boards within the transmission unit. For example... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of a multilayer circuit board in a transmission unit. Wherein, Figure 1 The left figure shows the surface and bottom circuit structures of the transmission unit; Figure 1 The middle diagram shows the intermediate layer circuit structure of the transmission unit; Figure 1 The right figure shows a side view of the transmission unit. This transmission array scheme enables beam transmission and shaping. The transmission unit is based on a three-layer circuit board design, with each layer separated by a 1 / 4 wavelength air gap. High-performance transmission can be achieved through the stacking of multiple layers. After arraying, the incident wave can be shaped to achieve a high-gain beam with a maximum radiation direction of 90°. However, the operation of this scheme relies on the resonance of the metal structure and the interaction between the multilayer structures. Therefore, this scheme requires a three-layer circuit board design with a 1 / 4 wavelength gap between the boards, making the overall structure's fabrication and assembly complex and less flexible for applications with different layer thicknesses. Furthermore, the multilayer dielectric cannot be directly integrated with the metal protective cover; the corresponding area must be completely hollowed out before multilayer circuitry is filled, resulting in significant structural changes.

[0004] Therefore, how to design an antenna with a simple structure and good transmission performance is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna and a wireless communication device, which provides an antenna with a simple structure and good transmission performance.

[0006] In a first aspect, an antenna is provided, the antenna comprising a first metal body, the first metal body comprising N slots, the N slots being determined according to a first parameter set, the first parameter set including at least one of the following parameters: the operating frequency band of the antenna, the lowest order waveguide mode corresponding to the N slots, the height H of the N slots, the side length P of the N slots, the filling medium, the first transmission amplitude, and the first phase; the N slots correspond to N antenna elements.

[0007] In this respect, the antenna includes a first metal body, which includes N slots, each slot corresponding to N antenna elements. The antenna has a simple structure, is easy to process and install, and has good transmission performance.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the antenna communicates with a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, wherein the first wireless communication device is located inside a closed space and the second wireless communication device is located outside the closed space.

[0009] In this implementation, the antenna has good transmission performance, enabling wireless communication devices to communicate reliably through the antenna.

[0010] In another possible implementation, the antenna is located adjacent to the first wireless communication device.

[0011] In this implementation, the antenna is located adjacent to the first wireless communication device, and no physical cable connection is required between the antenna and the first wireless communication device. The antenna's wave-transmitting structure receives the signal from the first wireless communication device through an air interface (free space) and then transmits it to the second wireless communication device via the air interface. Therefore, the antenna is designed with an air-feed and air-output configuration, completely decoupled from the communication module of at least one wireless communication device, and has no requirements for the communication module.

[0012] In another possible implementation, the desired transmission amplitude and phase are associated with at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of the waveguide mode formed by the incident wave entering the N slots, the effect of the forward wave formed by the waveguide mode in the N slots, and the effect of the reverse wave formed by the waveguide mode in the N slots.

[0013] In this implementation, the main function of the slots is to achieve transmission; therefore, the number of slots can be determined based on the desired transmission amplitude and phase.

[0014] In another possible implementation, the N slots are cross slots, which include intersecting first and second slots.

[0015] In yet another possible implementation, the first slot and the second slot each include two ends.

[0016] In yet another possible implementation, the distance between the two ends of the first slot and the second slot is L1.

[0017] In yet another possible implementation, the length of each of the two ends of the first slot and the second slot is L2.

[0018] In yet another possible implementation, the width of each of the two ends of the first slot and the second slot is W.

[0019] In another possible implementation, the coupling coefficients of the N slots are associated with at least one of the following: L1, L2, W, and P.

[0020] In yet another possible implementation, the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode corresponding to the N slots is associated with at least one of the following: the wave number in the air, L1, and L2.

[0021] In this implementation, the main differences for different slotting methods lie in the coupling coefficient and the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode. The coupling coefficient of the cross-shaped slot is related to the size of the cross-shaped slot itself, while the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode of the cross-shaped slot is related to the wavenumber in the air and the size of the slot gap.

[0022] In another possible implementation, the N slots are circular slots with a radius of R1.

[0023] In another possible implementation, the coupling coefficients of the N slots are associated with R1.

[0024] In another possible implementation, the transmission coefficients of the lowest-order waveguide modes corresponding to the N slots are associated with R1.

[0025] In this implementation, the main differences for different slotting methods lie in the coupling coefficient and the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode. The coupling coefficient and the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode of a circular slot are related to the radius of the circular slot.

[0026] In yet another possible implementation, the N slots are rectangular slots.

[0027] In yet another possible implementation, the width of the rectangular slot is a.

[0028] In yet another possible implementation, the length of the rectangular slot is b.

[0029] In another possible implementation, the coupling coefficients of the N slots are associated with at least one of a and b.

[0030] In another possible implementation, the transmission coefficients of the lowest-order waveguide modes corresponding to the N slots are associated with at least one of a and b.

[0031] In this implementation, the main differences for different slotting methods lie in the coupling coefficient and the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode. The coupling coefficient and the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode of the rectangular slot are related to the side length of the rectangular slot.

[0032] In another possible implementation, each of the N slots supports transmission in at least one polarization direction.

[0033] In another possible implementation, the first metal body is ring-shaped, and the N antenna elements constitute a ring array antenna.

[0034] In another possible implementation, the shaping of the ring array antenna is associated with at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the radius R2 of the ring, the angle at which each of the N antenna elements is located in the ring, and the direction of the incident wave.

[0035] In this implementation, after the antenna element design is completed, the array is designed using the array shaping requirements. This array design can be a ring array. By shaping the ring array antenna according to the above parameters, accurate shaping performance can be obtained.

[0036] In another possible implementation, the first metal body is rectangular, and the N antenna elements constitute a rectangular array antenna.

[0037] In another possible implementation, the N antenna elements are arranged in m rows and n columns.

[0038] In another possible implementation, the shaping of the rectangular array antenna is associated with at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the distance of each of the N antenna elements in the x-direction, and the distance of each of the N antenna elements in the y-direction.

[0039] In this implementation, after the antenna element design is completed, the array is designed using the array shaping requirements. This array design can be a rectangular array. By shaping the rectangular array antenna according to the above parameters, accurate shaping performance can be obtained.

[0040] In another possible implementation, the first metal body is circular or other shapes, and the N antenna elements are irregular array antennas.

[0041] In another possible implementation, the shaping of the irregular array antenna is associated with at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the distance between each of the N antenna elements in the x-direction, and the distance between each of the N antenna elements in the y-direction.

[0042] In this implementation, after the antenna element design is completed, the array is designed using the array shaping requirements. This array design can be an irregular array. By shaping the irregular array antenna according to the above parameters, accurate shaping performance can be obtained.

[0043] In another possible implementation, the filling medium is any one of the following materials or a combination of any one of the following materials: polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate, Teflon, nylon, or resin.

[0044] In this implementation, the filling medium can be used for waterproofing, increasing stress, adjusting the working state of the gap, etc.

[0045] In a second aspect, a wireless communication device is provided, including a communication module, wherein the communication module implements the antenna for communication through the first aspect or any one of the first aspects.

[0046] In this respect, the antenna has good transmission performance, which enables wireless communication devices to communicate reliably through the antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multilayer circuit board in an existing transmission unit;

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario for a wave-transparent shaped antenna;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication scenario between an underground 5G module and a ground-based base station.

[0050] Figure 4 This application provides an embodiment of an antenna installation environment and a schematic diagram of the antenna structure.

[0051] Figure 5a A schematic diagram of a cross groove provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 5b This is a schematic diagram of a rectangular groove provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 5c This is a schematic diagram of a circular groove provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a ring antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the actual assembly of the first metal body into a closed space, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 8 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a rectangular antenna array and an irregular antenna array.

[0057] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing cavity antenna;

[0058] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating the transmission efficiency of a transparent antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the transmission phase of the transparent antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0060] Figure 12 A three-dimensional radiation direction diagram of the transparent antenna array provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0061] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the measured signal strength of the transmission antenna array provided in this application embodiment at 60°. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] As shown in the background section, some wireless communication devices are located in enclosed spaces, requiring improved wave transmission and beamforming capabilities for these devices. For example, ... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates an application scenario for a wave-transparent shaped antenna, using the control of airport navigation lights as an example. Navigation lights are typically buried underground and covered entirely by a metal casing (as shown in the buried light barrel). Current guidance systems rely on wired connections between the navigation lights and a programmable logic controller (PLC), resulting in low control efficiency and high costs, and currently failing to achieve single-light communication. Replacing the wired connection with a wireless one can improve guidance efficiency and reduce costs. However, the all-metal casing increases signal loss between the internal terminal and the external base station, severely degrading the wireless link quality. Therefore, wave-transparent modification is necessary to ensure signal transmission quality and real-time control.

[0064] The aforementioned transmission problem also exists in scenarios where wireless communication devices in other enclosed spaces communicate with wireless communication devices outside the enclosed space. For example, ... Figure 3The fifth generation underground shown (5) th In communication scenarios between 5G (generation, 5G) modules (such as navigation lights) and ground base stations. Figure 3 In the original structure shown in the left image, the 5G module is buried underground, and the above-ground portion is entirely covered by metal, making communication with the base station impossible (for airport guidance systems, this means the navigation lights cannot communicate with the entire system, resulting in inability to control individual lights and low overall guidance efficiency). To solve the wave transmission problem, such as... Figure 3 As shown in the middle diagram, a common approach is to extend the antenna to the outside of the wireless communication device (such as a navigation light) and connect the antenna to the internal structure of the navigation light through methods such as drilling. However, this approach increases the overall size, cost, and installation difficulty of the device, and is unusable in many scenarios (such as roads and bridges). Therefore, how to make minor modifications to the existing structure (such as...) Figure 3 As shown in the figure on the right, improving the wave transmission and shaping capabilities of the structure without affecting the original performance and application scenarios has become a research challenge.

[0065] To address the problem that existing antenna transmission schemes mentioned in the background art have complex structures, leading to complicated processing and assembly, this application provides an antenna and a wireless communication device. The antenna includes a first metal body with N slots, each corresponding to a different antenna element. This antenna has a simple structure, is easy to process and install, and has good transmission performance, enabling the wireless communication device to communicate reliably through the antenna.

[0066] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this application is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the application in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this application. To enhance the understanding of this application, many specific details will be included in the following description. This application may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this application, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0067] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are defined relative to the indicated orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts used for relative description and clarification, and they may change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0068] In this application, "a structure generally having a certain shape" means that the structure generally presents that shape when viewed macroscopically, although adjustments may be made locally. For example, "generally square" can be understood to include shapes where one side is curved rather than straight. "One feature is generally coaxial with another feature" can be understood to mean that the distance between the axes of the two features does not exceed 20% of the dimension of either feature perpendicular to the axis.

[0069] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" shall be interpreted broadly, for example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be said to be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0070] In the following detailed description of the embodiments in conjunction with the schematic diagrams, for ease of explanation, the diagrams showing the partial structure of the device will be enlarged locally without adhering to the usual scale, and the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0072] like Figure 4 The diagram shown illustrates the installation environment and structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of this application. The antenna includes a first metal body with N slots, where N is a positive integer. Exemplarily, the first metal body can be an independent component or a transition piece between a sealed space and a non-sealed space.

[0073] Among them, the above N slots can be as follows: Figure 5a The cross groove shown, or as Figure 5b The circular groove shown, or as Figure 5cThe rectangular groove shown is an example only; other grooving methods are possible, and this application does not impose any limitations. Figures 5a-5c As shown, the height of the N slots is H, and the side length of the N slots is P. For example, the height of the N slots can be the same or different; the side length of the N slots can also be the same or different.

[0074] The above N slots correspond to N antenna elements.

[0075] The aforementioned N slots are determined based on a first parameter set. This first parameter set includes at least one of the following parameters: the antenna's operating frequency band, the lowest-order waveguide mode corresponding to the N slots, the height H of the N slots, the side length P of the N slots, the filling medium, the first transmission amplitude, and the first phase. Determining the N slots determines the N antenna elements, and consequently, the overall antenna structure.

[0076] Different wireless communication devices can operate in different frequency bands. Correspondingly, antennas have corresponding antenna frequency bands. The operating frequency band of an antenna is determined according to laws and regulations. The number of slots (N) can be determined based on the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0077] In this context, a waveguide mode refers to the infinitely many electromagnetic distributions that form within a waveguide during steady-state propagation. Each distribution is called a wave mode or waveguide pattern, and each mode has a corresponding cutoff wavelength and a different phase velocity. Multiple waveguide modes can exist. Considering array shaping and actual assembly, the slot size should be minimized as much as possible. Therefore, the lowest-order waveguide mode, TE01, can be considered for the N slots. In the antenna structure described in the background technology, TE11 is used as the lowest-order waveguide mode. Therefore, the number of N slots can also be determined based on the lowest-order waveguide modes corresponding to the N slots.

[0078] Furthermore, the interiors of the aforementioned N slots can be filled with a medium. The filling medium can be any one of the following materials or a combination of any one of the following materials: polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate, Teflon, nylon, or resin. This filling medium can be used for waterproofing, increasing stress, and adjusting the working condition of the gaps, etc. Therefore, the number of N slots can also be determined based on the filling medium.

[0079] The first transmission amplitude and the first phase are associated with at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of the waveguide mode formed by the incident wave entering the N slots, the effect of the forward wave formed by the waveguide mode in the N slots, and the effect of the reverse wave formed by the waveguide mode in the N slots. For example, the desired transmission amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements can satisfy the following formula (1):

[0080]

[0081] Where t is a complex number containing amplitude and phase. A represents the amplitude and phase of the waveguide mode formed by the incident wave entering the slot after the slot is opened, and B... + and B - These represent the effects of the forward and reverse waves generated by the waveguide mode within the slot.

[0082] The above formula (1) can be specifically related to the wave number in the air, the coupling coefficient S, and the transmission coefficient k of the lowest-order waveguide mode in the slot. 1z The relationship is as follows. Here, S is obtained by boundary condition matching between the incident wave and the waveguide mode within the slot. For example, the wave number in the air can be k0.

[0083] For different slotting methods, there are mainly S and k 1z The difference lies in the fact that, considering array shaping and actual assembly, the size of the slots should be made as small as possible. Therefore, the lowest order waveguide mode can be considered for all types of slots.

[0084] like Figure 5a The cross-shaped groove shown includes an intersecting first slot and a second slot. The first slot includes two ends, the distance between the two ends of the first slot is L1, the length of each end of the first slot is L2, and the width of each end of the first slot is W. The second slot also includes two ends, the distance between the two ends of the second slot is L1, the length of each end of the second slot is L2, and the width of each end of the second slot is W. The coupling coefficient of the N slots (i.e., S in formula (1)) is associated with at least one of the following: L1, L2, W, P. For example, S in formula (1) can satisfy the following formula (2):

[0085]

[0086] The meanings of L1, L2, W, and P are as described above, and k0 is the wave number in the air.

[0087] Among them, the transmission coefficients of the lowest-order waveguide modes corresponding to the N slots (i.e., k in formula (1)) 1z It is associated with at least one of the following: the wave number in the air, k0, L1, L2. For example, k in formula (1) 1z The following formula (3) can be satisfied:

[0088]

[0089] The meanings of L1 and L2 are as described above, ε r is the dielectric constant of the medium, k0 is the wave number in air, and the waveguide mode in the slot is TE01.

[0090] like Figure 5b The circular slot shown has a radius of R1 and a diameter of 2R1. The coupling coefficient of the N slots (i.e., S in formula (1)) is related to the radius R1 of the circular slot; the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode corresponding to the N slots (i.e., k in formula (1)) is... 1z It is also related to the radius R1 of the circular slot. The lowest-order waveguide mode in the slot is TE11.

[0091] like Figure 5c The rectangular slot shown has a width of a and a length of b. The coupling coefficient of the N slots (i.e., S in formula (1)) is associated with at least one of the width a and length b of the rectangular slot; the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode corresponding to the N slots (i.e., k in formula (1)) is... 1z It is also associated with at least one of the width a and length b of the rectangular slot. The lowest-order waveguide mode in the slot is TE01.

[0092] According to formula (1), the incident electromagnetic wave forms a waveguide mode inside the transparent antenna. The mode will be reflected and transmitted at both ends of the slot. These reflections and transmissions can form Fabry-Perot oscillations. The oscillation condition is approximately equal to Where, k 1z Φ represents the transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode within the slot, and Φ represents the initial phase of the oscillation. High transmittance can be achieved when the oscillation occurs. The amplitude and phase of the transmission can be changed by altering the size of the antenna element and the filling material. For example, as... Figure 5a The parameters of the antenna element shown are as follows: H is 0.45 wavelength, W is 0.05 wavelength, L1 is 0.27 wavelength, and L2 is 0.14 wavelength.

[0093] After the antenna element design is completed, the array design is carried out based on the array shaping requirements.

[0094] The array design can be as follows: Figure 6 The circular array shown is formed by the first metal body being circular and N antenna elements constituting a circular array antenna.

[0095] The shaping of the ring array antenna is related to at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the radius R2 of the ring, the angle of each of the N antenna elements in the ring, and the direction of the incident wave. For example, for a ring array, its shaping formula can satisfy the following formula:

[0096]

[0097] Where a n This represents the amplitude and phase of each antenna element:

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Where k0 is the wave number in the air, and R2 represents the radius of the ring array. The angles θ0 and θ0 represent the positions of each antenna element. It refers to the beam pointing direction. The amplitude and phase characteristics of each antenna element can be determined through array shaping requirements and optimization. The slot position can be determined based on the beam pointing angle and the area of ​​the slot's usable surface (which can be continuous or discontinuous).

[0101] The antenna with the above structure can be applied to any communication scenario requiring transmission. For example... Figure 4 At least one first wireless communication device can exist in the enclosed space shown, and at least one second wireless communication device exists outside the enclosed space. The communication performance between the at least one first wireless communication device in the enclosed space and the at least one second wireless communication device outside the enclosed space is poor. In this embodiment, the aforementioned first metal body can be a transition piece between the enclosed space and the non-enclosed space. The first metal body includes N slots, and at least one first wireless communication device can communicate well with at least one second wireless communication device through the N antenna elements corresponding to the N slots. For example, the antenna is adjacent to at least one first wireless communication device. For example, when the solution of this embodiment is applied to a navigation light scenario, the aforementioned first metal body can be the original transition ring of the navigation light, and the aforementioned enclosed space can be the metal lamp barrel of the navigation light. By processing cross slots, rectangular slots, or circular slots on the basis of the original all-metal transition ring, a ring array of transparent antennas is formed. In order to achieve integration with the original structure, the antenna array is designed as a ring. The N slots can be arranged at equal intervals (for example, 360 / 15 = 24 slots are designed on the transition ring with a period of 15°) or at unequal intervals. Still referencing Figure 6 The interior of the groove is filled with a material (or medium). This filling medium can be any one of the following materials or a combination of any of the following: polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate, Teflon, nylon, or resin. Of course, this application does not limit the filling medium. This filling medium can be used for waterproofing, increasing stress, adjusting the working condition of the gap, etc.

[0102] like Figure 7The diagram shows an actual assembly schematic of the first metal body assembled into a sealed space according to an embodiment of this application. The first metal body is an annular metal body, which can be fixed to the upper end of the sealed space (the upper end of the sealed space is open) by means of snaps or other methods. The first metal body can be fixed to the upper end of the sealed space by either the entire first metal body being embedded in the sealed space or only a portion of the first metal body being embedded in the sealed space. This first metal body can be used to support a second metal body, which can be fixed to the inner ring of the first metal body by means of snaps or other methods. The second metal body can be fixed to the inner ring of the first metal body by either the entire second metal body being embedded in the inner ring of the first metal body or only a portion of the second metal body being embedded in the inner ring of the first metal body. The first and second metal bodies close the opening at the upper end of the sealed space. When the solution of this embodiment is applied to a navigation light scenario, the aforementioned first metal body (referred to as a transition ring) is used to support the second metal body (referred to as a metal lamp) and placed on the sealed space (e.g., a metal lamp holder). Furthermore, the annular slot needs to avoid the joint point between the lamp and the lamp holder.

[0103] In addition to array design Figure 6 The circular array shown can also be used as follows: Figure 8 The rectangular array or irregular array shown.

[0104] For a rectangular array, where the first metal body is rectangular, N antenna elements constitute a rectangular array antenna. The N antenna elements are arranged in m rows and n columns. The shape of the rectangular array antenna is related to at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the distance between each of the N antenna elements in the x-direction, and the distance between each of the N antenna elements in the y-direction. For example, its shape satisfies the following formula:

[0105]

[0106] Where θ represents the beam pointing direction, and k represents the wave number. Indicates the angle at which each antenna element is located, 'a' mn d represents the amplitude and phase of an m-row, n-column antenna element. x and d y Indicates the period in the x and y directions.

[0107] For irregular arrays, the first metal body is circular or other shapes, and the N antenna elements are irregular array antennas. The shaping of the irregular array antennas is related to at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the distance between each of the N antenna elements in the x-direction, and the distance between each of the N antenna elements in the y-direction. For example, its shaping satisfies the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] Where θ represents the beam pointing direction, and k represents the wave number. Indicates the angle at which each antenna element is located, 'a' n d represents the amplitude and phase of antenna element numbered n. xn and d yn This indicates the distance of this antenna element in the x and y directions.

[0110] The preceding descriptions include, for example, Figure 4 At least one first wireless communication device may exist within the enclosed space shown, and at least one second wireless communication device may exist outside the enclosed space. The at least one first wireless communication device may communicate with the at least one second wireless communication device via the aforementioned antenna. Exemplarily, the antenna is adjacent to the at least one first wireless communication device. The first wireless communication device includes a communication module.

[0111] The antenna can be connected to at least one first wireless communication device without physical cables. The antenna's wave-transmitting structure receives signals from at least one first wireless communication device through an air interface (free space) and then transmits them to at least one second wireless communication device via the air interface. Therefore, the antenna design employs an air-feed / air-output configuration, completely decoupled from the communication module of at least one wireless communication device, and places no requirements on the communication module. In contrast, existing antennas... Figure 9 The cavity antenna shown is based on a pure metal structure. This cavity antenna can conformally integrate with structures such as metal protective covers, achieving wave transmission after connecting the internal components and the antenna via a coaxial cable. It exhibits a return loss of <-20dB in the core frequency band and a far-field beamwidth of approximately 120°. However, this approach requires slotting the antenna into the metal protective cover and connecting it to the internal communication RF module via a cable. Therefore, the antenna and communication RF module are not decoupled, placing additional requirements on the communication RF module and necessitating its customization. The connection and installation of the antenna and communication RF module are also relatively complex. Furthermore, the size of a single antenna is approximately 0.88 wavelengths * 0.75 wavelengths, making antenna integration and array design difficult. Therefore, the wave-transparent antenna and communication module provided in this embodiment do not require mechanical coupling, do not impose new requirements on the communication module, and greatly improve the ease of use of the solution.

[0112] The antenna provided in this application achieves high-efficiency wave transmission and far-field shaping through metal slotting. While enabling the wave-transmitting antenna to facilitate combined communication between the first and second wireless communication devices, it maintains a high degree of integration with the existing enclosed space, requiring minimal modification to the original structure and being easy to manufacture. Furthermore, no mechanical coupling is needed between the wave-transmitting antenna and the communication module, eliminating new requirements for the communication module and greatly improving the ease of use of the solution.

[0113] The following is a comparison of this embodiment with existing ones, such as... Figure 1 The antenna shown, such as Figure 9 Compared to the antenna structure shown, it has the following advantages:

[0114] number of structural layers Can it be integrated with the original structure? Size (wavelength) Does it need to be coupled with 5G mode? Figure 1 The antenna shown 3 floors no 0.35*0.35*0.5 no Figure 9 The antenna shown 1st floor yes 0.88*0.88*0.75 yes This embodiment 1st floor yes 0.27*0.27*0.35 no

[0115] As can be seen, the antenna structure provided in this embodiment is simple and can be integrated with the original structure. It is small in size, and there is no need for mechanical coupling between the antenna and the communication module. It does not add any new requirements to the communication module, which greatly improves the ease of use of the solution.

[0116] like Figure 10 The diagram shows the transmission efficiency of the transparent antenna element provided in this embodiment. When Fabry-Perot oscillation occurs, the transmission efficiency of the in-band element can reach over 60%. The cluster of curves in the diagram illustrates the change in the transmission efficiency of the antenna element as L2 changes from 0.13 wavelength to 0.15 wavelength.

[0117] like Figure 11 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the transmission phase of the transparent antenna element provided in the embodiment of this application. The cluster of curves in the figure is a schematic diagram of the phase change of the antenna element when L2 changes from 0.13 wavelength to 0.15 wavelength.

[0118] Depend on Figure 10 and Figure 11 It can be seen that while maintaining high transmittance, it also has continuous phase shifting capability.

[0119] In this embodiment, the transmission antenna and the original structure can be integrated together, requiring minimal modification to the original equipment.

[0120] A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional radiation direction of the transparent antenna array is shown below. Figure 12 As shown, there are high-gain points at multiple angles, which can meet the requirements of large-angle radiation.

[0121] The measured signal strength of the transmission antenna array radiated at 60° is as follows: Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the results of the original structure and the modified structure are illustrated. After 5.05G, the modification improved the signal strength by 5-15dB, fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the solution.

[0122] This application also provides a wireless communication device, including a communication module that communicates via the aforementioned antenna. Because the antenna has good transmission performance, the wireless communication device can reliably communicate through it.

[0123] It is understood that the PLC in the embodiments of this application can be replaced by a central processing unit (CPU) or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0124] The method steps in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Additionally, the ASIC can reside in a network device or terminal device. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the network device or terminal device.

[0125] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are performed entirely or partially. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user equipment, or other programmable device. The computer program or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer program or instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video optical disc; or it can be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state drive.

[0126] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0127] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the textual description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects; in the formulas of this application, the character " / " indicates a "division" relationship between the preceding and following related objects.

[0128] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

[0129] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0130] The components in the device described in this application embodiment can be combined, divided, or removed according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can combine or integrate the different embodiments and features described in this specification.

[0131] The various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

[0132] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes a first metal body, which includes N slots. The N slots are determined according to a first parameter set, which includes at least one of the following parameters: the operating frequency band of the antenna, the lowest order waveguide mode corresponding to the N slots, the height H of the N slots, the side length P of the N slots, the filling medium, the first transmission amplitude, and the first phase. The N slots correspond to N antenna elements; The antenna communicates with a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device. The first wireless communication device is located inside a closed space, and the second wireless communication device is located outside the closed space. The antenna is adjacent to the first wireless communication device.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first transmission amplitude and the first phase are associated with at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of the waveguide mode formed by the incident wave entering the N slots, the effect of the forward wave formed by the waveguide mode in the N slots, and the effect of the reverse wave formed by the waveguide mode in the N slots.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The N slots are cross-shaped slots, each cross-shaped slot including an intersecting first slot and a second slot. The first slot and the second slot each have two ends. The distance between the two ends of the first slot and the second slot is L1. The length of each end of the first slot and the second slot is L2. The width of each end of the first slot and the second slot is W.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coupling coefficients of the N slots are associated with at least one of the following: L1, L2, W, and P; The transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode corresponding to each of the N slots is associated with at least one of the following: the wave number in the air, L1, and L2.

5. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The N slots are circular slots with a radius of R1.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The coupling coefficients of the N slots are associated with R1; The transmission coefficients of the lowest-order waveguide modes corresponding to the N slots are associated with R1.

7. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The N slots are rectangular slots, with a width of a and a length of b.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The coupling coefficient of the N slots is associated with at least one of a and b; The transmission coefficient of the lowest-order waveguide mode corresponding to each of the N slots is associated with at least one of a and b.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Each of the N slots supports transmission in at least one polarization direction.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The first metal body is a ring, and the N antenna elements constitute a ring array antenna. The shape of the ring array antenna is associated with at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the radius R2 of the ring, the angle of each of the N antenna elements in the ring, and the direction of the incident wave.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The first metal body is rectangular, and the N antenna elements constitute a rectangular array antenna. The N antenna elements are arranged in m rows and n columns. The shape of the rectangular array antenna is related to at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the distance of each of the N antenna elements in the x direction, and the distance of each of the N antenna elements in the y direction.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The first metal body is circular or other shapes, and the N antenna elements are irregular array antennas. The shaping of the irregular array antenna is associated with at least one of the following: the amplitude and phase of each of the N antenna elements, the distance of each of the N antenna elements in the x direction, and the distance of each of the N antenna elements in the y direction.

13. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The filling medium is any one of the following materials or a combination of any one of the following materials: polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate, Teflon, nylon, or resin.

14. A wireless communication device, characterized in that, It includes a communication module, which communicates via an antenna as described in any one of claims 1-13.

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