Decorative sheet and decorative material

Abstract

The decorative sheet (20) has a first surface (S1) and a second surface (S2) opposite to the first surface (S1). The first surface (S1) includes a first region (A1) and a second region (A2) different from the first region (A1). Regarding the decorative sheet (20), from the first surface (S1) toward the second surface (S2), it sequentially includes a surface protective layer (40), a design layer (30), and a substrate (21). The design layer (30) has a patterned portion (35) only at the position overlapping with the first region (A1). The average value of the 60° specular gloss measured on the first surface (S1) is 6 or less. The average value of the 85° specular gloss measured on the first surface (S1) is 9 or less. The average value of the skewness Ssk1 ​​in the first region (A1) and the average value of the skewness Ssk2 in the second region (A2) as specified in ISO 25178-2:2012 satisfy the following relationship (i). The average ku1 of kurtosis in region 1 (A1) and the average ku2 of kurtosis in region 2 (A2) as specified in ISO 25178-2:2012 satisfy the following relationship (ii): 0 < Ssk2 < Ssk1 ​​< 1 ... (i) 3 < Sku2 < Sku1 < 5 ... (ii).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to decorative sheets and decorative materials. Background Technology

[0002] Decorative pieces are attached to various structural components for decorative purposes. These components include: the surfaces of building walls; interior surfaces such as floors and ceilings; the surfaces of structural components such as arched walls, cornices, and lintels; exterior surfaces such as building exterior walls, roofs, rainproof window frames, and eaves; the surfaces of exterior structures such as fences and walls; the interior or exterior surfaces of window and door equipment such as window frames, door frames, doors, and partitions; the surfaces of furniture such as wardrobes and cabinets; the interior or exterior surfaces of vehicles such as automobiles, railway vehicles, ships, and aircraft; and the surfaces of various household appliances and office equipment.

[0003] Decorative sheets consist of a substrate, a design layer, and a surface protective layer as their basic components. Decorative sheets with only a substrate, design layer, and surface protective layer lack tactile feel. In cases where the gloss level of the design represented by the decorative sheet is high, this may impair the design. For example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005-178329, 2015-171810, 2014-184675, and 2021-54045, proposals have been made in recent years to improve the tactile feel and gloss obtained from decorative sheets.

[0004] In the decorative sheets described in Japanese Patent Application Publications Nos. 2005-178329, 2015-171810, 2014-184675, and 2021-54045, raised, convex portions are provided by setting the gloss level low. Tactile sensation is imparted to these raised portions. It is desirable that tactile sensation also be imparted to the portions that are not set to low gloss. In particular, it is desirable that an appropriate tactile difference exists between the portions set to low gloss and the portions not set to low gloss. For example, in the case where the decorative sheet represents a wood grain pattern, the portions representing the conduit pattern are set to low gloss. In the decorative sheet, it is desirable that the portions representing the conduit pattern have an appropriate tactile difference from the portions with patterns other than the conduits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to reduce the gloss of decorative sheets while giving them a suitable tactile feel.

[0006] One embodiment of the present invention relates to the following [1] to

[10] . [1]

[0008] A decorative piece having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface.

[0009] The first surface mentioned above includes a first region and a second region that is different from the first region.

[0010] From the first surface towards the second surface, it sequentially includes a surface protective layer, a design layer, and a substrate.

[0011] The aforementioned design layer has patterned portions only at locations overlapping with the first region.

[0012] The average value of the 60° specular gloss measured on the first surface mentioned above is below 6.

[0013] The average value of the specular gloss at 85° measured on the first surface above is below 9.

[0014] The average skewness Ssk1 ​​in the first region and the average skewness Ssk2 in the second region as specified in ISO 25178-2:2012 satisfy the following relationship (i),

[0015] The average ku1 of kurtosis in the first region and the average ku2 of kurtosis in the second region as specified in ISO 25178-2:2012 satisfy the following relationship (ii).

[0016] 0 < Ssk2 < Ssk1 ​​< 1 ... (i)

[0017] 3 < Sku2 < Sku1 < 5 ... (ii) [2]

[0019] According to the decorative piece described in [1], it also has a low-gloss portion that overlaps with the aforementioned pattern portion.

[0020] The aforementioned surface protective layer comprises an adhesive resin and a plurality of first particles held in place by the adhesive resin. [3]

[0022] According to the decorative piece described in [2], the aforementioned low-gloss portion contains multiple inorganic particles. [4]

[0024] According to the decorative sheet described in [2] or [3], a portion of the first particle protrudes from the adhesive resin. [5]

[0026] According to the decorative piece described in [4], the first particle protrudes more from the adhesive resin at the position where it overlaps with the first region compared to the position where the first particle overlaps with the second region. [6]

[0028] According to any one of [2] to [5], the average particle size of the first particle is greater than the average length between the first surface and the low-gloss portion. [7]

[0030] According to any one of [2] to [6], the average length between the first surface and the low-gloss portion is 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less. [8]

[0032] The decorative sheet described in any one of [1] to [7] includes paper as the substrate. [9]

[0034] According to the decorative sheet described in [8], it also includes a base coating disposed between the substrate and the surface protective layer.

[10]

[0036] A decorative material comprising a decorative piece as described in any one of [1] to [9] and a supporting material for supporting the decorative piece.

[0037] According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the gloss of the decorative sheet while giving it a suitable tactile feel. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of decorative material and decorative sheet.

[0039] Figure 2 It means Figure 1 A top view of the decorative materials and decorative pieces.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a top view showing an enlarged portion of a decorative material in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings accompanying this specification, for ease of illustration and understanding, the scale and aspect ratios relative to the actual object have been appropriately altered or exaggerated.

[0042] To clarify directional relationships between the attached figures, common first directions D1, second directions D2, and third directions D3 are indicated by arrows labeled with common symbols across several figures. For example... Figure 1 As shown, an "×" symbol within a circle represents an arrow pointing towards the depth of the paper in a direction perpendicular to the paper's surface. For example... Figure 2As shown, a symbol with a dot inside a circle represents an arrow pointing forward from the paper in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. In the illustrated example, the third direction D3 is the normal direction of the decorative piece 20. The third direction D3 is the direction in which the main components constituting the decorative piece 20 are stacked. The flat decorative piece 20 shown extends along the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. The first direction D1, the second direction D2, and the third direction D3 are orthogonal to each other.

[0043] [Decorative materials and decorative panels]

[0044] One embodiment of the decorative material and decorative sheet is referred to as a low-gloss decorative material and decorative sheet. By reducing the average value of the 60° specular gloss and the average value of the 85° specular gloss, the decorative material achieves lower gloss, thus more faithfully representing the texture of the natural raw materials.

[0045] Figure 1 An example of a cross-sectional view showing decorative material 10 and decorative piece 20. Figure 1 In the example shown, decorative material 10 includes support material 15 and decorative sheet 20. Support material 15 is the substrate to which decorative sheet 20 is adhered. Decorative sheet 20 represents the design. Support material 15 is given the design through decorative sheet 20. The supporting material 15 may be, for example, wood components used as boards, three-dimensional articles, etc., including wood veneers, wood plywood, particleboard, MDF (medium-density fiberboard), engineered wood products, etc., made of various types of wood such as cedar, cypress, pine, and lauan; metal components used as boards, steel plates, three-dimensional articles, or sheets made of iron, aluminum, etc.; kiln components used as boards, three-dimensional articles, etc., made of ceramic materials such as glass and ceramics, non-ceramic kiln materials such as gypsum, and non-ceramic kiln materials such as ALC (autoclaved aerated concrete) boards; and resin components used as boards, three-dimensional articles, or sheets made of acrylic resins, polyester resins, polystyrene, polyolefin resins such as polypropylene, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) resins, phenolic resins, vinyl chloride resins, cellulose resins, rubber, etc.

[0046] The decorative material 10 may also have an adhesive layer (not shown) between the support material 15 and the decorative piece 20 in the third direction D3. The adhesive layer may include, for example, an adhesive and a resin.

[0047] There are no particular limitations on the adhesive used in the adhesive layer. The adhesive used in the adhesive layer can be any known adhesive. The adhesive used in the adhesive layer can be a heat-sensitive adhesive, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, etc. The resin used in the adhesive can be an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a vinyl acetate resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, a styrene-acrylic copolymer resin, a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, etc. The adhesive may contain only one of these resins or a combination thereof. The resin used in the adhesive can be a two-component curing polyurethane adhesive or a polyester adhesive that uses isocyanate compounds as curing agents. An adhesive can be used in the adhesive layer. The adhesive can be appropriately selected from acrylic, urethane, silicone, and rubber adhesives.

[0048] The adhesive layer can be prepared as follows: the resin is prepared into a solution or emulsion or other coatable form, and then coated and dried using methods such as gravure printing, screen printing, or reverse coating using gravure. There are no particular limitations on the thickness of the adhesive layer. From the viewpoint of obtaining excellent adhesion, the thickness of the adhesive layer can be 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less, 5 μm or more and 50 μm or less, or 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less.

[0049] Figure 2 This is an example of the design given to decorative piece 20. Figure 2 The decorative piece 20 shown represents the wood grain pattern design in the cross-section of a tree. There are no particular limitations on the type of tree represented by the decorative piece 20. The tree represented by the decorative piece 20 can be cedar, cypress, walnut, pine, or cherry, etc. The decorative piece 20 can represent the bark of a tree. The decorative piece 20 can represent the surface or cross-section of a tree. In particular, the decorative piece 20 can represent the cross-section of wood such as veneer panels or plywood.

[0050] Decorative piece 20 has a first surface S1 and a second surface S2. The second surface S2 is opposite to the first surface S1. The first surface S1 and the second surface S2 are the main surfaces of decorative piece 20. The first surface S1 includes a first region A1 and a second region A2. When the decorative piece 20 is viewed from above, the second region A2 is different from the first region A1. The second region A2 is offset from the first region A1 relative to at least one of the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. In the illustrated example, the second region A2 is adjacent to the first region A1. Figure 2In the example shown, region A1 represents a darker pattern than region A2. Region A1 extends in a striped pattern. Specifically, region A1 represents the grain of the vessels, knots, springwood, and autumnwood in the cross-section of the tree, while region A2 represents other grain patterns in the cross-section of the tree. Decorative piece 20 may further include a third region that is different from both region A1 and region A2.

[0051] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, the decorative sheet 20 comprises, from the first surface S1 toward the second surface S2, a surface protective layer 40, a low-gloss portion 25, a base coating 23, a design layer 30, and a substrate 21. The surface protective layer 40 constitutes the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20.

[0052] In the decorative sheet 20 of this embodiment, the average values ​​of specular gloss, skewness, and kurtosis in the first surface S1 are adjusted as follows. Specular gloss is specified according to JIS Z 8741:1997. Skewness and kurtosis are specified according to ISO 25178-2:2012.

[0053] • Average specular gloss measured at 60° on surface S1: 6 or below

[0054] • Average specular gloss at 85° measured on surface S1: 9 or below

[0055] The relationship between the average skewness Ssk1 ​​in region A1 and the average skewness Ssk2 in region A2 is: 0 < Ssk2 < Ssk1 ​​< 1

[0056] The relationship between the average kurtosis Sku1 in region A1 and the average kurtosis Sku2 in region A2 is: 3 < Sku2 < Sku1 < 5

[0057] By adjusting the mirror gloss of the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 as described above, the gloss of the decorative sheet 20 can be reduced. Thus, the decorative sheet 20 can faithfully reproduce the excellent design of natural raw materials such as wood grain. By adjusting the skewness and kurtosis in the first region A1 and the second region A2 of the decorative sheet 20 as described above, a concave-convex surface containing high, fine, and sharp peaks or protrusions is formed on the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20. A suitable tactile feel is imparted to the entire area of ​​the decorative sheet 20. By adjusting the relationship between the skewness and kurtosis in the first region A1 and the second region A2 of the decorative sheet 20 as described above, the first region A1 forms a higher and sharper peak or protrusion compared to the second region A2. The tactile feel imparted to the first region A1 is different from the tactile feel imparted to the second region A2. The tactile feel imparted to the first region A1 is stronger than the tactile feel imparted to the second region A2. For example, the portion of the conduit representing the wood grain pattern is given a stronger tactile feel than the portion representing the pattern outside the conduit. As described above, the decorative piece 20 is given an appropriate tactile feel while reducing gloss.

[0058] The following is a description of the constituent elements of the decorative piece 20.

[0059] <Substrate>

[0060] The substrate 21 can be in the form of a film, sheet, or plate. Films, sheets, and plates are generally referred to in order of increasing thickness. In this specification, unless otherwise stated, these three are not distinguished.

[0061] The substrate 21 supports the design layer 30 and the surface protective layer 40. There are no particular limitations on the shape and size of the substrate 21. The shape and size of the substrate 21 can be appropriately selected according to the application and the desired performance and processing adaptability. When the substrate 21 is a flat sheet, film, or plate, there are no particular limitations on its thickness. Generally, from the viewpoints of manufacturing adaptability, mechanical strength, handling properties, and economy, the thickness of the substrate 21 can be 10 μm or more and 10 cm or less. The thickness of the substrate 21 can be 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less. The thickness of the substrate 21 can be 1 mm or more and 2 cm or less.

[0062] The material of the substrate 21 may be, for example, resin, metal, non-metallic inorganic material, fibrous material, or wood-based material. The material of the substrate 21 may be appropriately selected according to the application.

[0063] The substrate 21 can be a single layer. The substrate 21 can also be formed by stacking multiple layers containing the aforementioned materials. When the substrate is a laminate formed by overlapping multiple layers, the properties of each layer can be complemented by stacking multiple layers of different materials. Examples of substrates 21 formed by overlapping multiple layers include A to J.

[0064] (A) Laminates of resin and wood-based materials

[0065] (B) Resin and metal laminate

[0066] (C) Laminates of resin and fibrous materials

[0067] (D) Laminates of resin and non-metallic inorganic materials

[0068] (E) Laminate of Resin 1 and Resin 2

[0069] (F) Laminates of metal and wood-based materials

[0070] (G) Laminates of metallic and nonmetallic inorganic materials

[0071] (H) Laminates of metals and fibrous materials

[0072] (I) A laminate of metal 1 and metal 2

[0073] (J) Laminates of non-metallic inorganic materials and fibrous materials

[0074] In E above, resin 1 and resin 2 can be different types of resins. For example, resin 1 can be an olefin resin, and resin 2 can be an acrylic resin. In H above, metal 1 and metal 2 can be different types of metals. For example, metal 1 can be copper, and metal 2 can be chromium.

[0075] When the substrate 21 is a laminate as described in A to J above, a layer (adhesive layer, etc.) for strengthening adhesion may be provided between the constituent layers of the laminate.

[0076] The resin used in the substrate 21 is, for example, various synthetic resins or natural resins. Synthetic resins are, for example, cured compositions of thermoplastic resins and curable resins.

[0077] Examples of thermoplastic resins include: polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, ionomers, various olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, etc.; polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, etc.; polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, ethylene glycol-terephthalic acid-isophthalic acid copolymers, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomers, etc.; poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylate, poly(methyl)acrylate, etc. Acrylic resins such as butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate copolymer; polyamide resins represented by nylon 6 or nylon 66; cellulose resins such as cellulose triacetate, celluloid, and celluloid; styrene resins such as polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS); polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polycarbonate resin, polyaryl ester resin, and polyimide resin, etc. Curable resin compositions include, for example, thermosetting resin compositions and ionizing radiation curing resin compositions. Natural resins include, for example, natural rubber, rosin, and amber.

[0078] A thermosetting resin composition is a composition comprising at least a thermosetting resin that is cured by heating. Examples of thermosetting resins include: acrylic resins, urethane resins, phenolic resins, urea-melamine resins, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and silicone resins. In addition to these thermosetting resins, curing agents and curing catalysts may be added to the thermosetting resin composition as needed.

[0079] Thermosetting resin compositions are, for example, two-component curing compositions in which the main component is a polyol-based resin and the curing agent is an isocyanate-based compound. Examples of polyol-based resins include acrylic polyols and polyester polyols.

[0080] Ionizing radiation curable resin compositions include, for example, electron beam curable resin compositions and ultraviolet curable resin compositions.

[0081] The ionizing radiation curable resin composition comprises a compound having an ionizing radiation curable functional group (hereinafter also referred to as "ionizing radiation curable compound"). The ionizing radiation curable functional group is a group that is cross-linked and cured by irradiation with ionizing radiation. Examples of ionizing radiation curable functional groups are (meth)acryloyl, vinyl, allyl, and other functional groups having olefinic double bonds. Examples of ionizing radiation curable functional groups are epoxy and / or oxocyclic butyl groups.

[0082] In this specification, (meth)acryloyl group represents acryloyl group or methacryloyl group. In this specification, (meth)acrylate represents acrylate or methacrylate. Ionizing radiation refers to radiation containing energy quanta capable of polymerizing or cross-linking molecules, found in electromagnetic waves or beams of charged particles. Examples of ionizing radiation include ultraviolet (UV) radiation or electron beams (EB). Examples of ionizing radiation include electromagnetic waves such as X-rays and gamma rays, and charged particle beams such as alpha rays and ion beams.

[0083] Specifically, the ionizing radiation curing compound can be appropriately selected from polymeric monomers and polymeric oligomers (sometimes also called "polymeric prepolymers") that have been conventionally used as ionizing radiation curing resins.

[0084] Ionizing radiation-curable compounds can be compounds having two or more olefinically unsaturated bond groups. Ionizing radiation-curable compounds can be polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds having two or more olefinically unsaturated bond groups. Polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds can be either monomers or oligomers.

[0085] Among multifunctional (meth)acrylate compounds, difunctional (meth)acrylate monomers include, for example, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, bisphenol A tetraethoxydiacrylate, bisphenol A tetrapropoxydiacrylate, and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. Trifunctional or higher-functional (meth)acrylate monomers include, for example, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate, dipentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, and isocyanuric acid-modified trimethacrylate. Multifunctional (meth)acrylate oligomers include, for example, urethane (meth)acrylates, epoxy (meth)acrylates, polyester (meth)acrylates, and polyether (meth)acrylates, and other acrylate polymers.

[0086] Carbamate (meth)acrylates can be obtained, for example, by reacting polyols and organic diisocyanates with hydroxy (meth)acrylates.

[0087] Preferred epoxy (meth)acrylates are: (meth)acrylates obtained by reacting trifunctional or higher aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, etc., with (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylates obtained by reacting difunctional or higher aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, etc., with polybasic acids and (meth)acrylate; and (meth)acrylates obtained by reacting difunctional or higher aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, etc., with phenols and (meth)acrylate.

[0088] The aforementioned ionizing radiation-cured resin can be a single type or a combination of two or more types.

[0089] When the ionizing radiation curable compound is an ultraviolet curable compound, the ionizing radiation curable resin composition may contain additives such as photopolymerization initiators and photopolymerization accelerators. The photopolymerization initiator may be one or more selected from acetophenone, benzophenone, α-hydroxyalkyl phenyl ketone, milchone, benzoin, benzoyl dimethyl ketal, benzoylbenzoate, α-acyl oxime ester, thioxanones, etc. The photopolymerization accelerator can reduce polymerization hindrance caused by air during curing and accelerate the curing speed. For example, the photopolymerization accelerator may be one or more selected from isoamyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, ethyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, etc.

[0090] The metals used in the substrate 21 may be, for example, aluminum alloys such as aluminum or duralumin, iron or carbon steel, iron alloys such as stainless steel, copper or brass, copper alloys such as bronze, gold, silver, chromium, nickel, cobalt, tin, titanium, etc. The substrate 21 may also include a coating of these metals.

[0091] The non-metallic inorganic materials used in the substrate 21 include, for example: cement, ALC (autoclaved aerated concrete), gypsum, calcium silicate, wood chip cement and other non-ceramic kiln materials, ceramic kiln materials such as ceramics, pottery, glass, enamel, limestone, marble, granite, and andesite and other natural stones.

[0092] The fibrous materials used in the substrate 21 include, for example, tissue paper, kraft paper, woodfree paper, Japanese paper, titanium dioxide paper, cotton linter paper, tracing paper, paraffin paper, parchment paper, cellophane, wallpaper backing paper, cardboard, and gypsum board base paper; and woven or nonwoven fabrics containing fibers such as silk, kapok, hemp, polyester resin fibers, acrylic resin fibers, glass fibers, and carbon fibers. To improve the interfiber strength of the paper substrate or prevent pilling, resins such as acrylic resins, styrene-butadiene rubber, melamine resin, and urethane resins may be further added to the paper. Papers with added resins include, for example, inter-paper reinforced paper and resin-impregnated paper. Substrates with a resin layer superimposed on the fibrous material layer include, for example, wallpaper rolls with a vinyl chloride resin layer, an olefin resin layer, or an acrylic resin layer superimposed on the surface of the wallpaper backing paper.

[0093] Regarding the material of the substrate 21, considering the ease of setting the design layer 30 on the substrate 21 and environmental considerations, paper is preferably included among fibrous materials.

[0094] The substrate 21 may contain additives as needed. When the substrate material is resin, additives may include, for example, inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate and clay, flame retardants such as magnesium hydroxide, antioxidants, lubricants, foaming agents, UV absorbers, and light stabilizers. The content of additives is not particularly limited as long as it does not hinder processing characteristics, and can be appropriately set according to required properties.

[0095] To improve adhesion to other layers constituting the decorative material, one or both sides of the substrate 21 can be treated with physical surface treatments such as oxidation or texturing, or with chemical surface treatments. Oxidation methods include, for example, corona discharge treatment, chromium oxidation, flame treatment, hot air treatment, and ozone-ultraviolet treatment. Texturing methods include, for example, sandblasting and solvent treatment. These surface treatments can be appropriately selected depending on the type of substrate. Corona discharge treatment is superior in terms of surface treatment effect and processability.

[0096] <Design Layer>

[0097] Design layer 30 forms the design represented by decorative piece 20. Design layer 30 can, for example, form: wood grain patterns such as annual rings and channel grooves on the surface of wood panels; stone grain patterns on the surface of marble, granite, etc.; fabric grain patterns on the surface of cloth; leather grain patterns on the surface of leather; tile patterns including joint grooves; brick patterns including joint grooves; sand grain patterns; pear grain patterns; patterns formed by arranging multiple concave and convex stripes extending in mutually parallel directions (so-called "myriad-line concave-convex patterns" or "light-carved patterns"); abstract patterns such as geometric patterns, text, graphics, water droplets, and floral designs. Figure 2 In the example shown, the design layer 30 forms a wood grain pattern based on growth rings, duct grooves, etc. By using the design layer 30 with such a design, the decorative sheet 20 can represent the cross-section of wood such as veneer or plywood.

[0098] Design layer 30 is located between substrate 21 and surface protective layer 40 in the third direction D3. Design layer 30 has coloring layer 31 and pattern portion 35. Coloring layer 31 covers the entire area of ​​decorative sheet 20. Pattern portion 35 is located only at the position overlapping with the first region A1.

[0099] Coloring Layers and Patterns Department

[0100] The coloring layer 31 serves as the base for the design formed by the design layer 30. The coloring layer 31 is formed using the same monochrome ink, metallic film, etc. The pattern section 35 is formed by overprinting the ink or metallic film onto the coloring layer 31. The pattern section 35 displays a different color than the coloring layer 31. For example, the pattern section 35 displays a darker color than the coloring layer 31. The pattern section 35, for example, forms patterns such as annual rings and vascular bundles on the surface of a wood panel. Figure 2In the example shown, the pattern section 35 and the coloring layer 31 work together to form wood grain patterns, etc.

[0101] The coloring layer 31 and the pattern section 35 can be inks prepared by appropriately mixing pigments, dyes, extender pigments, solvents, stabilizers, plasticizers, catalysts, curing agents, ultraviolet absorbers, and light stabilizers in a binder resin. There are no particular limitations on the binder resin used in the coloring layer 31 and the pattern section 35. Examples of binder resins include urethane resins, acrylic polyol resins, acrylic resins, ester resins, amide resins, butyral resins, styrene resins, urethane-acrylic copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymers, allyl chloride resins, nitrocellulose resins, and cellulose acetate resins. The binder resin can be various types of resins, such as one-component curing resins and two-component curing resins containing curing agents such as isocyanate compounds.

[0102] There are no particular restrictions on colorants. Examples of colorants include: inorganic pigments such as carbon black, iron black, titanium dioxide, antimony white, chrome yellow, titanium yellow, iron oxide red, cadmium red, ultramarine, and cobalt blue; organic pigments or dyes such as quinacridone red, isoindolinone yellow, nickel azo complex, phthalocyanine blue, and azomethyl alkali azo black; metallic pigments containing flaky foils such as aluminum and brass; pearlescent pigments containing flaky foils such as titanium dioxide coated with mica and basic lead carbonate; etc.

[0103] There are no particular restrictions on the amount of colorant. The amount of colorant can be adjusted according to the color scheme and concentration of the design represented by design layer 30, as well as the material of the colorant. For example, the amount of colorant can be more than 20 parts by weight and less than 500 parts by weight, more than 50 parts by weight and less than 300 parts by weight, or more than 70 parts by weight and less than 200 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of adhesive resin.

[0104] The coloring layer 31 and the patterned portion 35 may contain additives such as ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, and colorants. The thickness of the coloring layer 31 and the patterned portion 35 can be appropriately selected according to the desired pattern. The thickness of the coloring layer 31 and the patterned portion 35 can be selected from the viewpoint of concealing the base color of the support material 15 and forming an appropriate design. For example, the thickness of the coloring layer 31 and the patterned portion 35 can be 0.5 μm or more and 20 μm or less, 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, or 2 μm or more and 5 μm or less.

[0105] The coloring layer 31 and the patterned portion 35 can be, for example, thin films of elemental metals such as gold, silver, copper, tin, iron, nickel, chromium, and cobalt; or thin films of alloys containing two or more of the above-mentioned metal elements. The alloys can be, for example, brass, bronze, or stainless steel. The thickness of the metal thin film is, for example, 0.1 μm or more and 1 μm or less.

[0106] <Undercoat>

[0107] The primer layer 23 is disposed between the substrate 21 and the surface protective layer 40. The primer layer 23 improves the adhesion between the substrate 21 and the surface protective layer 40. The primer layer 23 is applied to the entire area of ​​the design layer 30.

[0108] The base coating 23 is mainly composed of adhesive resin and may include additives such as UV absorbers and light stabilizers as needed. Examples of adhesive resins include: urethane resins, acrylic polyol resins, acrylic resins, ester resins, amide resins, butyral resins, styrene resins, urethane-acrylic copolymers, polycarbonate-based urethane-acrylic copolymers (derived from polymers (polycarbonate polyols) having carbonate bonds in the polymer backbone and two or more hydroxyl groups at the ends and side chains), vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer resins, chlorinated propylene resins, nitrocellulose resins (nitrocellulose), cellulose acetate resins, etc. Adhesive resins may be contained individually or in combination. Adhesive resins can be resins formed by adding isocyanate curing agents, epoxy curing agents, etc., to these resins and then cross-linking and curing them. The adhesive resin can be a resin obtained by cross-linking and curing polyol resins such as acrylic polyol resins with isocyanate-based curing agents, or a resin obtained by cross-linking and curing acrylic polyol resins with isocyanate-based curing agents.

[0109] When the substrate 21 contains paper, the base coating 23 stabilizes the penetration of the surface protective layer 40 into the substrate 21. The base coating 23 prevents the surface protective layer 40 from penetrating the substrate 21 and becoming of an undesirable thickness, and makes it difficult for the first particle to protrude from the adhesive resin of the surface protective layer 40 (described later). In other words, the base coating 23 enables the shape of the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 to be the desired shape. This allows for the manufacture of a decorative sheet 20 with stable texture and feel on the first surface S1.

[0110] For the purpose of improving weather resistance, the base coating 23 may contain ultraviolet absorbers and / or light stabilizers. The base coating 23 may contain general ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers.

[0111] The thickness of the base coating 23 can be, for example, 0.01 μm or more and 10 μm or less, 0.7 μm or more and 8 μm or less, or 1.0 μm or more and 6 μm or less.

[0112] <Surface Protective Layer>

[0113] A surface protective layer 40 forms the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20. The surface protective layer 40 covers the design layer 30 and the low-gloss portion 25 in the third direction D3. The surface protective layer 40 protects the design layer 30 and the low-gloss portion 25. The surface protective layer 40 is provided over the entire area of ​​the decorative sheet 20. Through the surface protective layer 40, the scratch resistance of the decorative sheet 20 is improved.

[0114] The surface protective layer 40 comprises an adhesive resin 41 and a first particle 43. The first particle 43 is held in place by the adhesive resin 41. The surface protective layer 40 may further comprise a second particle different from the first particle 43.

[0115] Adhesive Resins

[0116] The adhesive resin 41 is, for example, a cured product of a thermoplastic resin or a curable resin composition. The cured product of the curable resin composition exhibits excellent scratch resistance. The adhesive resin 41 preferably comprises a cured product of the curable resin composition. The proportion of the cured product of the curable resin composition relative to the total amount of the adhesive resin 41 can be 50% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, or even 100% by mass.

[0117] The thermoplastic resin used in the adhesive resin 41 is, for example, acrylic resin, cellulose resin, urethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyester resin, polyolefin resin, polycarbonate, nylon, polystyrene and ABS resin.

[0118] Cured products of curable resin compositions include, for example, cured products of thermosetting resin compositions and cured products of ionizing radiation-cured resin compositions. Cured products of thermosetting resin compositions exhibit excellent scratch resistance and stain resistance. They are readily used in combination with UV absorbers. Cured products of ionizing radiation-cured resin compositions also exhibit excellent scratch resistance and stain resistance. Furthermore, they demonstrate excellent performance retention over many years.

[0119] The cured product of the thermosetting resin composition used in the adhesive resin 41 may be the cured product of the thermosetting resin composition used in the substrate 21 described above. The cured product of the ionizing radiation curable resin composition used in the adhesive resin 41 may be the cured product of the ionizing radiation curable resin composition used in the substrate 21 described above.

[0120] Adhesive resin 41 covers the low-gloss portion 25. In the second region A2 where the low-gloss portion 25 is not provided, the adhesive resin 41 is in contact with the design layer 30. The low-gloss portion 25 is embedded by the adhesive resin 41. The average length between the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 and the low-gloss portion 25, in other words, the average thickness of the adhesive resin 41 in the first region A1, is, for example, 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less, preferably 7 μm or more and 9 μm or less. By making the thickness of the adhesive resin 41 in the first region A1 such that the first particle 43 can protrude from the adhesive resin 41 at the position overlapping with the first region A1. The average length between the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 and the design layer 30, in other words, the average thickness of the adhesive resin 41 in the second region A2, is, for example, 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less, preferably 6 μm or more and 9 μm or less. By making the thickness of the adhesive resin 41 in the first region A1 and the second region A2 such that, as described later, the first particle 43 protrudes more from the adhesive resin 41 at the position overlapping with the first region A1 than at the position overlapping with the second region A2.

[0121] The average length between the first surface S1 and the low-gloss portion 25 is determined, for example, by the steps (X1) to (X3) described below.

[0122] (X1) A cross-sectional area of ​​the decorative sheet 20, with a width of 500 μm or more and 1500 μm or less along the normal direction of the decorative sheet and in a direction orthogonal to the normal direction, was observed. In this cross-sectional area, the length between the first surface and the low-gloss portion was measured every 25 μm along the width direction of the decorative sheet. For example, for a cross-sectional area with a width of 500 μm, the thickness at point 20 was measured.

[0123] (X2) Further, the thickness measurement described in (X1) was performed on the cross-sectional areas of the nine fields of view.

[0124] (X3) The arithmetic mean of the total thickness measurements measured in the cross-sectional areas of 10 fields of view is taken as the average length between the first surface and the low-gloss part.

[0125] The average length between the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 and the design layer 30, in other words, the average thickness of the adhesive resin 41 in the second region A2, is also determined by the same steps as described above (X1) to (X3).

[0126] The First Particle

[0127] The first particle 43 imparts a tactile feel to the first surface S1. The average particle size and proportion of the first particle 43 can be determined with consideration of the desired tactile feel. The average particle size of the first particle 43 is, for example, 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less, preferably 4 μm or more and 9 μm or less. Since the average particle size of the first particle 43 is sufficiently large, a portion of the first particle 43 protrudes from the adhesive resin 41, forming the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20. The tactile feel obtained from the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 is improved by the first particle 43. Since a low-gloss portion 25 is provided in the first region A1, the first particle 43 easily protrudes from the adhesive resin 41. A significant difference in tactile feel can be created between the first region A1 and the second region A2. Since the first particle 43 is not too large in order to be retained by the adhesive resin 41, it is possible to suppress the first particle 43 from falling off the adhesive resin 41.

[0128] The average particle size of the first particle 43 is determined by the following method: The first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 is magnified using a transmission electron microscope or a scanning electron microscope to observe each first particle 43. The particle size of each first particle 43 is measured from the observed first particles 43. If the first particles 43 have a minor axis diameter and a major axis diameter, their average value is taken as the particle size of that first particle 43. If the first particles 43 are aggregated, the particle size of the first particle 43 is set as the diameter of the inscribed circle of the aggregated portion. The particle sizes of 100 first particles 43 are measured, and their average value is taken as the average particle size of that first particle 43.

[0129] The average particle size of the first particle 43 is greater than the average length between the first surface S1 and the low-gloss portion 25. In the first region A1 where the low-gloss portion 25 is provided, the first particle 43 easily protrudes from the adhesive resin 41. The first particle 43 protrudes more from the adhesive resin 41 at the location overlapping with the first region A1 than at the location overlapping with the second region A2. This allows for a significant difference in tactile feel between the first region A1 and the second region A2.

[0130] Figure 3 This is an enlarged top view of a portion of the decorative piece 20 in one embodiment. Figure 3 The first surface S1 of the decorative piece 20 is shown. Figure 3In the example shown, the decorative piece 20 is given the texture of wood as a natural material. The decorative piece 20 is given the grain and tactile feel of wood. Region A1 on the first surface S1 represents the grain of wood vessels, and region A2 represents the grain other than the wood vessels. The first particle 43 protrudes more from the adhesive resin 41 at the location overlapping region A1 than at the location overlapping region A2. The portion representing the grain has a different tactile feel than the portion representing the grain other than the grain. In particular, the portion representing the grain has a stronger tactile feel than the portion representing the grain other than the grain.

[0131] By causing the first particle 43 to protrude from the adhesive resin 41, an uneven surface is formed on the first surface S1. In the first region A1, the first particle 43 easily protrudes from the adhesive resin 41, thus forming a more pronounced uneven surface in the first region A1 than in the second region A2. The average skewness and average kurtosis in the first region A1 are greater than the average skewness and average kurtosis in the second region A2.

[0132] The first particle 43 can be, for example, a resin particle or an inorganic particle. The first particle 43 may contain both resin particles and inorganic particles. The shape of the first particle 43 is not particularly limited, but it is preferably spherical. The shape of the first particle 43 may also be amorphous.

[0133] The resin particles used in the first particle 43 may include, for example, one or more resins selected from polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid-styrene copolymer, melamine resin, urethane resin, polyamide resins such as nylon, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, benzoguanamine-melamine-formaldehyde condensate, silicone resin, fluorinated resin, and polyester resin. The inorganic particles used in the first particle 43 may include one or more inorganic materials selected from silica, alumina, zirconium oxide, and titanium dioxide. Preferably, the first particle 43 is silica.

[0134] The content of the first particle 43 is preferably 15 parts by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the adhesive resin 41, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more and 23 parts by mass or less. This allows for the suppression of gloss on the decorative sheet 20 while maintaining a pleasant tactile feel. Furthermore, it helps to prevent a decrease in the strength of the surface protective layer 40.

[0135] The surface protective layer 40 may contain additives as needed. Examples of additives include antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, and leveling agents.

[0136] The surface protective layer 40 can be manufactured, for example, by applying a surface protective layer composition onto the design layer 30 and drying it, then curing it as needed. The surface protective layer composition includes materials constituting the surface protective layer (adhesive resin, particle β, etc.), solvents added as needed, etc.

[0137] <Low-light areas>

[0138] The low-gloss portion 25 reduces the gloss of the design formed by the design layer 30. In other words, the low-gloss portion 25 makes the design formed by the design layer 30 matte. The low-gloss portion 25 reduces the specular gloss of the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20, enhancing the design represented by the decorative sheet 20. The low-gloss portion 25 is transparent. The low-gloss portion 25 overlaps with the pattern portion 35. The low-gloss portion 25 is only provided in the first region A1. The low-gloss portion 25 reduces the gloss of the design represented by the decorative sheet 20 in and around the first region A1. The portion with reduced gloss is visually perceived as a concave portion by the observer. The first region A1 is visually perceived as a concave portion. Conversely, the second region A2 is visually perceived as a convex portion. Through the low-gloss portion 25, the design represented by the decorative sheet 20 is visually perceived as a raised or recessed pattern. When the decorative sheet 20 represents a design of wood such as veneer or plywood, the low-gloss portion 25 can be used to represent the grain pattern of the ducts. It enables the design represented by decorative piece 20 to resemble a natural tree.

[0139] The ink composition forming the low-gloss portion 25 has, for example, the property of exhibiting interactions such as dissolution, dispersion, and mixing with the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition that forms the binder resin 41 of the surface protective layer 40. The ink composition forming the low-gloss portion 25 is appropriately selected based on its relationship with the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition (uncured material). Specifically, an ink composition having a non-crosslinked resin as the binder resin of the ink composition is preferred, such as a thermoplastic (non-crosslinked) urethane resin. From the viewpoint of strengthening the interaction with the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition that forms the binder resin 41 of the surface protective layer 40 and obtaining a further difference in the gloss of the pattern, the content of the urethane resin is further preferably 50% by mass or more. As the urethane resin, a non-crosslinked urethane resin is preferred, that is, an urethane resin that is not three-dimensionally crosslinked and has a mesh-like three-dimensional molecular structure, but rather a thermoplastic resin having a linear molecular structure. Such non-crosslinked urethane resins are, for example, urethane resins formed by reacting polyols such as acrylic polyols, polyester polyols, and polyether polyols (as polyol components) with isocyanates such as toluene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, aromatic isocyanates, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and hydrogenated toluene diisocyanate (as isocyanate components) of aliphatic or alicyclic isocyanates. Typically, the average number of hydroxyl groups in one molecule of polyol and the average number of isocyanate groups in one molecule of isocyanate are each 2. Furthermore, urethane resins with an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 50,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of -70 to -40°C are preferred for exhibiting interaction regions.

[0140] Depending on the needs and to adjust the degree of expression in the interaction regions, the ink composition may contain saturated or unsaturated polyester resins, acrylic resins, or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, etc. Polyester resins are preferred, and unsaturated polyester resins are particularly preferred. The amount of unsaturated polyester resin added is preferably in the range of 10 to 50% by mass relative to the total amount of binder resin in the ink composition. Within this range, a sufficient enhancement effect on the expression of the interaction regions can be obtained. As for the unsaturated polyester resin, there is no particular limitation as long as it is a reaction product of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a diol. Examples of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids include maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid, and examples of diols include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and butanediol.

[0141] The low-gloss portion 25 preferably contains a plurality of inorganic particles in its ink composition. The inorganic particles are, for example, silicon dioxide. The average particle size of the inorganic particles is 0.1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. The average particle size of the inorganic particles is determined, similar to the average particle size of the first particle 43 described above, by magnifying observation of the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 using a transmission electron microscope or a scanning electron microscope.

[0142] Light incident on the low-brightness section 25 is scattered among multiple inorganic particles. Light incident from the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 is reflected by the design layer 30 and then transmitted through the low-brightness section 25. During transmission through the low-brightness section 25, the light is scattered among multiple inorganic particles, thus the decorative sheet 20 exhibits a design with reduced brightness. Therefore, it is believed that the low-brightness section 25 can reduce brightness. However, the reasons for reducing brightness using the low-brightness section 25 are not limited to the above.

[0143] By using multiple inorganic particles, thixotropy can be imparted to the ink composition, maintaining its shape when printing low-gloss areas using a printing plate. This allows for emphasis on the clarity (sharpness) of the uneven shapes in the transition from raised to recessed areas, achieving a design expression with a sense of tension and relaxation. If the particle size of the inorganic particles is 0.1 μm or larger, the thixotropy of the ink will not become extremely high when added to the ink composition, and the viscosity of the ink will not increase excessively, making printing easier to control.

[0144] The content of inorganic particles in the ink composition is preferably 5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less. If the content is 5% by mass or more, sufficient thixotropy can be imparted to the ink composition. If the content is 15% by mass or less, the viscosity of the ink composition can be appropriately maintained, and the decrease in productivity of the low gloss portion 25 and the deterioration of the surface properties of the low gloss portion 25 can be suppressed.

[0145] The coating weight of the ink composition that forms the low-gloss area is preferably 1 g / m². 2 Above and 50g / m 2 The following applies if the coating amount is 1 g / m². 2 The above-mentioned ink composition interacts with the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, resulting in a sufficiently large interaction area and thus significantly reducing gloss. If the coating weight is 50 g / m²... 2 The following methods eliminate mechanical limitations when printing ink compositions and are also economically advantageous. The preferred coating weight of the ink composition is 1 g / m². 2 Above and 10g / m 2 The following is more preferably 1g / m 2 Above and 7g / m 2 the following.

[0146] In this embodiment, the low-gloss portion 25 does not directly deform the first surface S1 of the decorative piece 20. In particular, the low-gloss portion 25 does not cause the adhesive resin 41 of the surface protective layer 40 to bulge.

[0147] When the decorative piece 20 represents a wood grain design, as described above, the patterned portion 35 forms a conduit pattern. By overlapping the low-gloss portion 25 with the patterned portion 35, the gloss of the conduit pattern can be reduced.

[0148] <Page 1>

[0149] As described above, in the decorative sheet 20 of this embodiment, the average value of the specular gloss, the average value of the skewness, and the average value of the kurtosis of the first surface S1 formed by the surface protective layer 40 are adjusted as follows.

[0150] • Average specular gloss measured at 60° on surface S1: 6 or below

[0151] • Average specular gloss at 85° measured on surface S1: 9 or below

[0152] The relationship between the average skewness Ssk1 ​​in region A1 and the average skewness Ssk2 in region A2 is: 0 < Ssk2 < Ssk1 ​​< 1

[0153] The relationship between the average kurtosis Sku1 in region A1 and the average kurtosis Sku2 in region A2 is: 3 < Sku2 < Sku1 < 5

[0154] The first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 reflects the shape of the first particle 43. Through the first particle 43, the 85° specular gloss level can be significantly varied compared to 20° and 60° specular gloss levels. This is believed to be due to the strong influence of reflection from the first particle 43. The glossiness of the decorative sheet 20 is obtained through reflection on the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20. By utilizing the first particle 43 of the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 to reduce the 85° specular gloss level of the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20, the glossiness of the decorative sheet 20 can be suppressed, thereby reducing its brightness. This allows the decorative sheet 20 to be given a texture similar to natural materials such as veneer or plywood.

[0155] The first surface S1 having the above-described shape and characteristics is obtained, for example, by the decorative sheet 20 configured as described above. The first surface S1 having the above-described shape and characteristics can also be obtained by decorative sheets 20 with other configurations.

[0156] The first surface S1, having the aforementioned shape and characteristics, has a generally lower gloss. The first surface S1 generally has a suitable tactile feel. Particularly in the first region A1, it has a stronger tactile feel than the second region A2. The design layer 30 has a patterned portion 35 in the first region A1. Through the patterned portion 35, the first region A1 and the second region A2 have different appearances, such as color. Different tactile feels are given according to the appearance. A suitable tactile feel is given that matches the design represented by the decorative sheet 20. As described above, the decorative sheet 20 according to this embodiment can provide a suitable tactile feel while reducing the gloss of the decorative sheet 20.

[0157] The average values ​​of the specular gloss, the average value of the skewness, and the average value of the kurtosis of the first surface S1 of the decorative sheet 20 will be explained in turn.

[0158] <Mirror Gloss>

[0159] The specular gloss was measured according to JIS Z 8741:1997 using a micro-TRI-gloss meter (Cat. No. 4563) manufactured by BYK-Gardner. The 60° specular gloss was measured according to Method 3 of JIS Z 8741:1997, with the incident angle set to 60°. The 85° specular gloss was measured according to Method 1 of JIS Z 8741:1997, with the incident angle set to 85°. The incident angle is the angle between the normal direction of the incident surface and the path of the incident light, and is taken as less than 90°. The specular gloss of surface S1 refers to the specular gloss measured with surface S1 as the incident surface.

[0160] The specular gloss is measured on a 1cm square area of ​​the first surface S1 of the decorative piece 20. The specular gloss of the first surface S1 is measured in 10 areas, and the average specular gloss is determined as the average of these 10 areas. The 10 areas for measuring the specular gloss are proportioned to correspond to the ratio of the first area A1 and the second area A2 in the first surface S1, including positions in both the first and second areas. For example, if 70% of the first surface S1 is the first area A1 and 30% is the second area A2, the specular gloss of the first area A1 of the first surface S1 is measured in 7 areas, and the specular gloss of the second area A2 of the first surface S1 is measured in 3 areas. The average of these measurements is determined as the specular gloss of the first surface S1.

[0161] By setting the specular gloss level of the first surface S1 to 6 or less at 60° and 9 or less at 85°, the gloss of the first surface S1 is appropriately reduced. The design represented by the decorative piece 20 faithfully reproduces the excellent design of natural raw materials such as wood grain.

[0162] <skewness>

[0163] Skewness is defined by ISO 25178-2:2012. Skewness is one of the three-dimensional surface property parameters specified by ISO. Skewness is an indicator of the degree of deviation of the height distribution from the mean plane. When the skewness is 0, the surface shape is symmetrical with respect to the height mean plane. Skewness is 0 with respect to a surface shape that follows a normal distribution. If the skewness is greater than 0, the surface shape is skewed downwards with respect to the height mean plane. That is, if the surface is sharp and narrow near the top of a mountain or convex part, the skewness is greater than 0. In other words, if the surface is relatively open and coarse near the opening of a valley or concave part, the skewness is greater than 0. If the skewness is less than 0, the surface shape is skewed upwards with respect to the height mean plane. That is, if the surface is coarse near the top of a mountain or convex part, the skewness is less than 0. In other words, if the surface is relatively open and coarse near the opening of a valley or concave part, the skewness is less than 0.

[0164] If the average value of the skewness Ssk1 ​​in the first region A1 and the average value of the skewness Ssk2 in the second region A2 of the first surface S1 are less than 0, the first surface S1 will not have a concave feel and will have a plastic-like tactile feel. If the average value of the skewness Ssk1 ​​in the first region A1 and the average value of the skewness Ssk2 in the second region A2 of the first surface S1 are greater than 1, the first surface S1 will have an excessively rough feel. By making the average value of the skewness Ssk1 ​​in the first region A1 greater than the average value of the skewness Ssk2 in the second region A2, a stronger tactile feel than that in the second region A2 can be given in the first region A1, where the appearance, such as color, is different due to the pattern section 35. The first surface S1 can be given an appropriate tactile feel that faithfully reproduces natural raw materials such as wood grain, corresponding to the design. Accordingly, by making the average value of the skewness Ssk1 ​​in the first region A1 of the first surface S1 and the average value of the skewness Ssk2 in the second region A2 satisfy the following relationship (i), it is possible to give the first surface S1 a suitable tactile feel that faithfully reproduces natural raw materials such as decorative panels and plywood, and to give it a suitable tactile feel corresponding to the design.

[0165] 0 < Ssk2 < Ssk1 ​​< 1 ... (i)

[0166] <Kundu>

[0167] Kurtosis is defined by ISO 25178-2:2012. Kurtosis is one of the three-dimensional surface properties parameters defined by ISO. Kurtosis is an indicator of the sharpness of a height distribution measured from the mean surface. With a kurtosis of 3, the height distribution has a normal distribution curve. If the kurtosis is greater than 3, the height distribution has a sharp shape. If the kurtosis is less than 3, the height distribution has a flattened shape.

[0168] If the average ku1 of the kurtosis in region A1 of surface S1 and the average ku2 of the kurtosis in region A2 of surface S1 are 3 or less, surface S1 will lack a textured feel and have a plastic-like texture. If the average ku1 of the kurtosis in region A1 of surface S1 and the average ku2 of the kurtosis in region A2 of surface S1 are 5 or more, surface S1 will feel excessively rough. By making the average ku1 of the kurtosis in region A1 greater than the average ku2 of the kurtosis in region A2, a stronger tactile feel than that in region A2 can be given in region A1, where the appearance, such as color, differs due to the pattern section 35. This allows surface S1 to be given a tactile feel that faithfully reproduces natural raw materials such as wood grain, appropriate to the design. By making the average ku1 of the kurtosis in the first region A1 and the average ku2 of the kurtosis in the second region A2 of the first surface S1 satisfy the following relationship (ii), it is possible to give the first surface S1 a suitable tactile feel that faithfully reproduces natural raw materials such as veneer and plywood, and to give it a suitable tactile feel that corresponds to the design.

[0169] 3 < Sku2 < Sku1 < 5 ... (ii)

[0170] Regarding skewness and kurtosis, the rectangular region of the first surface S1 of the decorative piece 20 was measured using a shape analysis laser microscope. The size of the rectangular region was set to 1402 μm × 1051 μm. The surface shape of the region was measured at any 20 locations, and the average skewness and average kurtosis were determined as the average values ​​of the 20 locations. The measurement conditions are described below.

[0171] Objective lens: 10x, laser wavelength: 661nm, measurement mode: surface shape mode, measurement spacing: 1.6μm, measurement quality: high-speed mode

[0172] As described above, the average value of specular gloss, the average value of skewness, and the average value of kurtosis can be adjusted by the content of the first particle 43 in the surface protective layer 40, the average particle size of the first particle 43, and the average value of the length between the first surface S1 and the low-gloss portion 25. To adjust the average value of specular gloss, the average value of skewness, and the average value of kurtosis to the above ranges, it is effective to set the content of the first particle 43 in the surface protective layer 40, the average particle size of the first particle 43, and the average value of the length between the first surface S1 and the low-gloss portion 25 to the above ranges. The average value of specular gloss, the average value of skewness, and the average value of kurtosis can also be adjusted by other methods.

[0173] <Uses>

[0174] The decorative material 10 and decorative piece 20 of the present invention can be used for various purposes. Specific applications can be exemplified below (1) to (9).

[0175] (1) Surface materials of interior decorative parts such as walls, floors, and ceilings of buildings such as residences, offices, shops, hospitals, and clinics.

[0176] (2) Surface materials of the exterior decorative parts of buildings such as residences, offices, shops, hospitals, clinics, etc., including walls, roofs, eaves, and rainproof window frames.

[0177] (3) Surface materials (internal or external decorative parts) of windows, window frames, door leaves, door frames and other door and window equipment; surface materials of accessories (handles, etc.) of door and window equipment; surface materials of clamps of door and window equipment.

[0178] (4) Surface materials of building components such as handrails, arched walls, eaves, thresholds, lintels and crossbeams.

[0179] (5) Surface materials of outdoor (exterior decoration) parts such as columns or handrails of walls, doors, and balconies.

[0180] (6) Surface materials of furniture such as wardrobes, tables, chairs, sideboards, and kitchen sinks; surface materials of furniture accessories (handles, etc.); surface materials of furniture clamps.

[0181] (7) Surface materials of the housings of various household appliances such as television receivers, radio receivers, refrigerators, microwave ovens, washing machines, electric fans, and air conditioners; surface materials of accessories of household appliances (handles, switches, touch panels, etc.); surface materials of clamps of household appliances.

[0182] (8) Surface materials of OA equipment such as electronic copiers, fax machines, printers, personal computers and other electronic computing devices; surface materials of the housings of various OA equipment such as ATMs of banks, post offices and other financial institutions; surface materials of various OA equipment accessories (keyboards, touch panels, etc.); surface materials of various OA equipment fixtures.

[0183] (9) Surface materials of interior or exterior decorative parts (walls, floors, ceilings, handrails, pillars, control panels, poles, steering wheels, steering wheels, and other control equipment) of vehicles such as automobiles, railway vehicles, ships, and aircraft.

[0184] [Example]

[0185] The invention will be described in more detail through examples. The invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0186] 1. Production of decorative materials

[0187] [Example 1]

[0188] Colored base paper for building materials ("CHPS45 (model)", unit area weight: 45g / m²) 2 The substrate is made of a resin composition (manufactured by Tenma Special Paper Co., Ltd.). A 5μm thick colored layer is formed on the easily bonded surface of the substrate by gravure printing. The resin composition includes a mixture of acrylic and urethane resins as a binder, and titanium dioxide, iron oxide red, and chrome yellow as colorants. Next, a wood grain pattern is formed in the first region on the colored layer using a resin composition with nitrocellulose as a binder and containing iron oxide red as the main component. The wood grain pattern is a channel groove pattern. A design layer is formed on the substrate through the colored layer and the pattern.

[0189] Next, the primer composition is applied to the entire surface of the design layer and dried to form a primer coating with a thickness of 5 μm. The primer composition contains a two-component curable resin (main component: acrylic polyol, curing agent: hexamethylene diisocyanate).

[0190] Next, in region 1, a low-gloss area is formed on the base coating using gravure printing. The composition for the low-gloss area comprises a thermoplastic (non-crosslinked) urethane resin and silica. The formed low-gloss area is then overlapped with the patterned area.

[0191] Next, the surface protective layer composition was applied by roller coating to cover the entire area of ​​the first region where a low-gloss portion was formed and the second region where a low-gloss portion was not formed, and then irradiated with an electron beam (applied voltage: 175 keV, 5 Mrad (50 kGy)). The surface protective layer composition contained 21 parts by mass of spherical silica particles relative to 100 parts by mass of an electron beam-curable multifunctional acrylate resin. Upon irradiation with the electron beam, the uncured resin layer cured, forming a surface protective layer. Then, it was heat-cured at 70°C for 24 hours to obtain the decorative sheet of Example 1. The surface protective layer contained an adhesive resin and first particles with an average particle size of 9 μm. The average thickness of the adhesive resin in the first region was 8 μm.

[0192] [Example 2]

[0193] Except for the surface protective layer composition, the decorative sheet of Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In the decorative sheet of Example 2, the surface protective layer composition contained 22 parts by mass of spherical silica particles relative to 100 parts by mass of electron beam curable multifunctional acrylate resin. The surface protective layer made from the surface protective layer composition contained an adhesive resin and first particles with an average particle size of 9 μm. The average thickness of the adhesive resin in the first region was 8 μm.

[0194] [Comparative Example 1]

[0195] Except for the surface protective layer composition, a decorative sheet of Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In the decorative sheet of Comparative Example 1, the surface protective layer composition contained 15 parts by mass of spherical silica particles relative to 100 parts by mass of electron beam curable multifunctional acrylic resin. The surface protective layer made from the surface protective layer composition contained an adhesive resin and first particles with an average particle size of 4 μm. The average thickness of the adhesive resin in the first region was 4 μm.

[0196] [Comparative Example 2]

[0197] Except for the composition for the surface protective layer, a decorative sheet of Comparative Example 2, further having raised portions, was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. In the first region, the composition for raising portions was applied to the base layer by gravure printing and dried to form raised portions. The composition for raising portions contained 25 parts by weight of spherical polymethyl methacrylate particles relative to 100 parts by weight of the two-component curable resin. The raised portions contained binder resin and particles with an average particle size of 20 μm. The thickness of the raised portions was 18–25 μm.

[0198] In the decorative sheet of Comparative Example 2, the surface protective layer composition contained 15 parts by mass of spherical silica particles, relative to 100 parts by mass of electron beam-curable multifunctional acrylate resin. The surface protective layer made from the surface protective layer composition contained an adhesive resin and first particles with an average particle size of 4 μm. The average thickness of the adhesive resin in the first region was 4 μm.

[0199] [Comparative Example 3]

[0200] Except for the surface protective layer composition, a decorative sheet of Comparative Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In the decorative sheet of Comparative Example 3, the surface protective layer composition contained 20 parts by mass of spherical silica particles relative to 100 parts by mass of electron beam curable multifunctional acrylate resin. The surface protective layer made from the surface protective layer composition contained an adhesive resin and first particles with an average particle size of 4 μm. The average thickness of the adhesive resin in the first region was 4 μm.

[0201] [Comparative Example 4]

[0202] Except for the surface protective layer composition, a decorative sheet of Comparative Example 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In the decorative sheet of Comparative Example 4, the surface protective layer composition contained 20 parts by mass of spherical silica particles relative to 100 parts by mass of electron beam curable multifunctional acrylic resin. The surface protective layer made from the surface protective layer composition contained an adhesive resin and first particles with an average particle size of 4 μm. The average thickness of the adhesive resin in the first region was 8 μm.

[0203] [Comparative Example 5]

[0204] Except for the surface protective layer composition, a decorative sheet of Comparative Example 5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In the decorative sheet of Comparative Example 5, the surface protective layer composition contained 25 parts by mass of spherical silica particles relative to 100 parts by mass of electron beam curable multifunctional acrylate resin. The surface protective layer made from the surface protective layer composition contained an adhesive resin and first particles with an average particle size of 9 μm. The average thickness of the adhesive resin in the first region was 8 μm.

[0205] [Comparative Example 6]

[0206] Except for the surface protective layer composition, a decorative sheet of Comparative Example 6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In the decorative sheet of Comparative Example 6, the surface protective layer composition contained 18 parts by mass of spherical silica particles relative to 100 parts by mass of electron beam curable multifunctional acrylic resin. The surface protective layer made from the surface protective layer composition contained an adhesive resin and first particles with an average particle size of 9 μm. The average thickness of the adhesive resin in the first region was 8 μm.

[0207] 2. Measurement

[0208] Measurements were performed on the decorative sheets of the examples and comparative examples. The atmosphere for each measurement was set at a temperature of 23 ± 5°C and a relative humidity of 40% or more and 65% or less. Before each measurement, the sample was exposed to the above atmosphere for at least 30 minutes, and then the measurement was performed.

[0209] 2-1. Specular gloss

[0210] The specular gloss at 60° and 85° was measured on the first surface of the decorative sheets obtained in the examples and comparative examples. The specular gloss measuring apparatus used was a micro-TRI-gloss Cat. No. 4563 manufactured by BYK-Gardner. The 60° specular gloss was measured using Method 3 as described in JIS Z8741:1997, and the 85° specular gloss was measured using Method 1 as described in JIS Z8741:1997. The measurement area for each measurement was set to 1 cm square. Measurements were performed at 10 locations, and the average value of the 10 measurements was taken as the average value of the 60° and 85° specular gloss for each example and comparative example.

[0211] 2-2. Skewness and Kurtosis

[0212] For the decorative sheets obtained in the examples and comparative examples, the skewness and kurtosis of the first and second regions were measured respectively. The measured skewness was specified according to ISO 25178-2:2012, and the measured kurtosis was specified according to ISO 25178-2:2012.

[0213] The measurement apparatus was a shape analysis laser microscope (“VK-X1000 (control unit) / VK-X1050 (measurement unit)”, manufactured by KEYENCE Co., Ltd.). The measurement conditions are as follows: The measurement area for a single measurement was set to 1402 μm × 1051 μm. Twenty measurements were performed, and the average value of the 20 measurements was used as the average value of the skewness and kurtosis in the first and second regions of each embodiment and comparative example.

[0214] <Measurement Conditions>

[0215] Objective lens: 10x, laser wavelength: 661nm, measurement mode: surface shape mode, measurement spacing: 1.6μm, measurement quality: high-speed mode

[0216] 3. Evaluation

[0217] The decorative sheets of the examples and comparative examples were evaluated. The atmosphere for each evaluation was set at a temperature of 23±5°C and a relative humidity of 40% or more and 65% or less. Before each evaluation, the sample was exposed to the above atmosphere for more than 30 minutes before the measurement was performed.

[0218] 3-1. Touch

[0219] For the decorative pieces obtained in the examples and comparative examples, 20 subjects evaluated the tactile feel. Of the 20 subjects, 5 were in their 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s. Each subject used the pad of their dominant index finger to touch the first surface of the decorative piece and evaluated the quality of the tactile feel. The evaluation criteria for tactile feel were set as "whether the unevenness was strongly felt" and "whether the tactile feel differed between the first and second areas, and whether it was felt naturally." The evaluations were categorized according to the following criteria.

[0220] A: More than 18 out of 20 people answered that they had an excellent sense of touch.

[0221] B: Of the 20 people who answered "excellent tactile sense", there were more than 15 but less than 17.

[0222] C: Among the 20 people, 11 to 14 had an excellent sense of touch.

[0223] D: Fewer than 10 out of 20 people answered that they had an excellent sense of touch.

[0224] 3-2. Low gloss

[0225] For the decorative panels obtained in the examples and comparative examples, 20 subjects evaluated the gloss. Of the 20 subjects, 5 were in their 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s. Each subject visually observed the first side of the decorative panel and evaluated whether the gloss was adequately suppressed. The evaluation was conducted under fluorescent lighting in an indoor environment where external light was blocked. The evaluation was categorized according to the following criteria.

[0226] A: More than 18 out of 20 people answered that the light intensity was low.

[0227] B: Of the 20 people who answered "low brightness," 15 to 17 were between.

[0228] C: Among the 20 people, 11 to 14 answered that the light intensity was low.

[0229] D: Fewer than 10 out of 20 people answered that the light intensity was low.

[0230] The composition, measurement results, and evaluation results of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1 below.

[0231] [Table 1]

[0232]

[0233] Based on the measurement and evaluation results shown in Table 1, it can be understood that when the average value of the 60° specular gloss is below 6 and the average value of the 85° specular gloss is below 9, the gloss evaluation is good. When the average skewness Ssk1 ​​in the first region of the first surface and the average skewness Ssk2 in the second region satisfy relationship (i), and the average kurtosis Sku1 in the first region of the first surface and the average kurtosis Sku2 in the second region satisfy relationship (ii), the tactile evaluation is good.

[0234] 0 < Ssk2 < Ssk1 ​​< 1 ... (i)

[0235] 3 < Sku2 < Sku1 < 5 ... (ii)

[0236] When the skewness in region 1 is greater than that in region 2, and the kurtosis in region 1 is greater than that in region 2, the tactile feedback is good.

[0237] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0238] 10: Decorative materials

[0239] 15: Supporting materials

[0240] 20: Decorative piece

[0241] 21: Substrate

[0242] 23: Primer coating

[0243] 25: Low-light areas

[0244] 30: Design Layer

[0245] 31: Coloring layer

[0246] 35: Pattern Section

[0247] 40: Surface protective layer

[0248] 41: Adhesive resin

[0249] 43: The First Particle

Claims

1. A decorative piece having a first surface and a second surface opposite to said first surface, The first surface includes a first region and a second region that is different from the first region. From the first surface toward the second surface, it sequentially comprises a surface protective layer, a design layer, and a substrate. The design layer has patterned portions only at locations overlapping with the first region. The average value of the specular gloss at 60° measured on the first surface is below 6. The 60° specular gloss is a value measured according to Method 3 described in JIS Z 8741:1997, with the incident angle set to 60°. The average specular gloss value measured at 85° on the first surface is below 9. The 85° specular gloss is a value measured according to Method 1 described in JIS Z 8741:1997, with the incident angle set to 85°. The average skewness Ssk1 ​​in the first region and the average skewness Ssk2 in the second region as specified in ISO 25178-2:2012 satisfy the following relationship (i). The average ku1 of the kurtosis in the first region and the average ku2 of the kurtosis in the second region as specified in ISO 25178-2:2012 satisfy the following relationship (ii). 0<Ssk2<Ssk1<1・・・(i) 3<Sku2<Sku1<5・・・(ii).

2. The decorative sheet according to claim 1, further comprising a low-gloss portion overlapping the patterned portion, The surface protective layer comprises an adhesive resin and a plurality of first particles held in place by the adhesive resin.

3. The decorative piece according to claim 2, wherein, The low-brightness portion contains multiple inorganic particles.

4. The decorative piece according to claim 2, wherein, A portion of the first particle protrudes from the adhesive resin.

5. The decorative piece according to claim 4, wherein, Compared to the position where the first particle overlaps with the second region, the first particle protrudes more from the adhesive resin at the position where it overlaps with the first region.

6. The decorative piece according to claim 2, wherein, The average particle size of the first particle is greater than the average length between the first surface and the low-gloss portion.

7. The decorative piece according to claim 2, wherein, The average length between the first surface and the low-gloss portion is 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less.

8. The decorative piece according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate comprises paper.

9. The decorative sheet according to claim 8, further comprising an undercoating layer disposed between the substrate and the surface protective layer.

10. A decorative material comprising the decorative sheet as described in claim 1 and a support material supporting the decorative sheet.

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