A device for threshing rices of different growth stages and a combine harvester for rices of different growth stages

Abstract

A threshing device and combine harvester for ratooning rice are disclosed, belonging to the technical field of ratooning rice combine harvesters. From top to bottom, the invention includes a drum top cover, a threshing drum, and a combined concave plate. The diameter of the threshing drum is no greater than 560 mm, the length is no greater than 1700 mm, and the linear speed is no greater than 20.5 m / s. The threshing drum includes a drum shaft, a flange mounted on the drum shaft, and threshing sparse-tooth rods and threshing dense-tooth rods arranged circumferentially on the flange. Both the sparse-tooth rods and the dense-tooth rods are provided with threshing teeth. The number of threshing teeth on the sparse-tooth rods is less than the number of threshing teeth on the dense-tooth rods, and the threshing teeth on the sparse-tooth rods and the dense-tooth rods are staggered circumferentially. This invention adopts a smaller structural size while ensuring that the operational performance indicators meet the requirements of the ratooning rice identification outline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combine harvesters for ratooned rice, and more particularly to a ratooned rice threshing device and a ratooned rice combine harvester. Background Technology

[0002] The evaluation criteria for ratooning rice harvesters, compared with existing industry standards, not only adds the requirement that the straight-line compaction rate be less than or equal to 28%, but also sets higher requirements for the three major performance indicators. The total loss rate indicator has been raised from ≤2.8% to ≤2.6%; the impurity content indicator has been raised from ≤2.0% to ≤1.8%; and the breakage rate indicator has been raised from ≤1.5% to ≤1.2%. In other words, if existing traditional combine harvesters are used to harvest the first season of ratooning rice, they are often prone to user complaints due to substandard performance indicators.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, Chinese utility model patent with patent number ZL202223496121.9 discloses a harvesting device suitable for mechanized harvesting of ratooned rice in hilly areas. This device reduces the area of ​​the field surface being compacted by controlling the width of the tracks, the ground contact length, and the distance between the two tracks, thereby reducing the contact area with the ratooned rice sprouts and lowering the compaction rate. However, reducing the contact area of ​​the tracks inevitably makes it easier for the harvester to sink into the paddy field mud, reducing its maneuverability. Current solutions involve reducing the overall size of the harvester, but after reducing the size, many performance indicators cannot be met, such as the aforementioned total loss rate, impurity content rate, and breakage rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a ratooning rice threshing device and a ratooning rice combine harvester, which adopts a smaller structural size while ensuring that the operation performance indicators meet the requirements of the ratooning rice identification outline.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A rice threshing device for regenerated rice includes, from top to bottom, a drum top cover, a threshing drum, and a combined concave plate. The diameter of the threshing drum is no greater than 560 mm, the length is no greater than 1700 mm, and the linear velocity is no greater than 20.5 m / s. The threshing drum includes a drum shaft, a disc mounted on the drum shaft, and threshing sparse toothed rods and threshing dense toothed rods arranged circumferentially on the disc. Both the threshing sparse toothed rods and the threshing dense toothed rods are provided with threshing teeth. The number of threshing teeth on the threshing sparse toothed rods is less than the number of threshing teeth on the threshing dense toothed rods. The threshing teeth on the threshing sparse toothed rods and the threshing teeth on the threshing dense toothed rods are staggered in the circumferential direction.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the back tilt angle of the threshing teeth is 7°~10°.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner side of the roller top cover is provided with multiple full-guide grass plates and one semi-guide grass plate in sequence from front to back.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 7-8 fully guide grass plates are evenly distributed on the inner side of the roller top cover from front to back in a spiral arrangement.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a semi-guided grass plate is provided at the rear end of the inner side of the roller top cover, which is equidistant from the full guide grass plate, and the semi-guided grass plate is located on one side of the axial center line of the roller top cover.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combined gravure plate includes multiple circumferentially arranged screen bars and multiple axially arranged transverse bars, with the spacing between adjacent screen bars being 8 mm to 11 mm.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spacing between the screen bars at the front is greater than the spacing between the screen bars at the rear.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crossbar extends 6-7 mm above the sieve bar in the radial direction.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the threshing teeth and the crossbar is no greater than 13 mm.

[0015] The present invention also provides a combine harvester for regenerated rice, including a harvesting platform, a chassis traveling part, a grain cleaning part, a grain storage and unloading part, a post-threshing straw crushing and spreading part, and the regenerated rice threshing device as described above.

[0016] The advantages of this invention are:

[0017] 1. Because the volume of this threshing device is 3 / 4 that of a traditional combine harvester with the same feeding capacity, its weight is also reduced by 1 / 4, making it more suitable for use in harvesters of ratooning rice that require significant weight reduction.

[0018] 2. While reducing the size of the threshing device, the structure and parameters of each component were adjusted to effectively ensure various operational performance indicators. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a front view of a rice threshing device with the top cover of the drum lifted, as provided in this embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of the threshing drum provided in this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a radial cross-sectional view of a rice threshing device provided in this embodiment;

[0022] Figure 4 An isometric view of one corner of the roller top cover being lifted in this embodiment;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the roller top cover provided in this embodiment;

[0024] Figure 6 This is an isometric view of the combined concave plate provided in this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a front view of the combined concave plate provided in this embodiment;

[0026] In the diagram: 1-Drum top cover; 1a-Full guide plate; 1b-Semi guide plate; 2-Threshing drum; 2a-Closed conical front drum; 2b-Open rear drum; 2c-Drum shaft; 2b1-Width disc; 2b2-Threshing toothed rod; 2b 21 -Threshing bar with fine teeth; 2b 22 -Threshing bar; 3-Combined concave plate; 3a-Sieve bar; 3b-Transverse bar. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 and 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a rice threshing device, which includes a drum top cover 1, a threshing drum 2 and a combined concave plate 3 from top to bottom. During operation, the threshing drum 2 rotates counterclockwise, driving the crop to make a spiral motion from front to back under the guidance of the drum top cover 1. The combined concave plate 3 separates the grain and straw in the threshing process. The grain falls downward through the sieve holes on the combined concave plate 3, while the straw continues to be conveyed to the rear of the device along the straw guide plate on the drum top cover 1.

[0029] To minimize the weight of the device and meet the lightweight requirements of the rice harvester, the volume of this threshing device is reduced compared to existing technologies. This is mainly reflected in the fact that the diameter of the threshing drum 2 is no greater than 560 mm and the length is no greater than 1700 mm; while the diameter of the threshing drum of traditional combine harvesters with the same processing capacity is generally greater than 620 mm and the length is greater than 2000 mm.

[0030] Although the volume of this threshing device has been reduced, in order to maintain the original processing capacity, that is, the working feed rate is comparable to that of a traditional combine harvester, which is greater than or equal to 5.0 kg / s, the structure and parameters of the threshing device need to be improved as follows.

[0031] Since the threshing device needs to process the same amount of regenerated rice in a smaller volume, it will inevitably increase the squeezing and friction between the regenerated rice, resulting in an increase in broken rice and thus an increase in the breakage rate. Therefore, we appropriately reduce the linear speed of the threshing drum 2 to reduce the grain breakage rate, specifically making the linear speed no greater than 20.5 m / s, while the linear speed of the threshing drum of traditional combine harvesters is generally 22 m / s.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the threshing drum 2 includes a closed conical front drum 2a, an open rear drum 2b, and a drum shaft 2c. The open rear drum 2b includes two flanges 2b1 spaced apart and connected to the drum shaft 2c, and an even number of threshing teeth 2b2 evenly distributed circumferentially on the flanges 2b1 along the drum shaft 2c. The threshing teeth 2b2 are provided with finger-shaped threshing teeth evenly distributed axially along the drum shaft. According to the spacing between the threshing teeth, half of the even number of threshing teeth 2b2 are densely toothed threshing teeth. 21 and half of the threshing toothed rod 2b 22 2b threshing bar 22 The tooth spacing is 2b for threshing close-tooth rods. 21 The tooth spacing is twice that of the threshing bar 2b. 22 and threshing close-tooth rod 2b 21 The threshing and toothing rods 2b are arranged alternately along the circumference of the drum shaft 2c. 22 Threshing teeth and threshing close-tooth rod 2b 21 The threshing teeth on the threshing bar are staggered in the circumferential direction. Thus, in the first aspect, the threshing bar 2b... 22 The reduced number of threshing teeth provides more space for the ratooning rice, allowing for orderly crushing and kneading of the rice even when processing the same amount in a smaller volume, preventing excessive compression and breakage. Secondly, the staggered arrangement of the threshing teeth on the two types of threshing rods ensures greater coverage of the threshing teeth along the axial direction of the threshing drum, effectively ensuring that the straw is conveyed backward along the guide plate of the drum top cover 1, reducing the amount of straw falling below the combined concave plate, thus lowering the grain impurity rate. Simultaneously, the staggered arrangement of the threshing teeth also guarantees strong crushing and kneading power for the ratooning rice, ensuring effective separation of grain and straw and reducing the overall grain loss rate.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, to ensure that the threshing drum 2 has both strong impact and a certain kneading ability, the backward tilt angle β of the threshing teeth is 7°~10°. Thus, when the threshing drum 2 rotates counterclockwise, the threshing teeth exert a component force on the regenerated rice, pushing it towards the combined concave plate 3, so that the regenerated rice is kneaded between the threshing teeth and the combined concave plate 3, ensuring effective separation of grain and straw and reducing grain loss rate.

[0034] like Figure 1 ,4 As shown in Figure 5, the inner side of the roller top cover 1 is welded with heights that span the arc surface of the top cover and are arranged in a spiral angle. Figure 5 The device uses 7-8 full-guide grass plates 1a with a mid-angle (55mm-60mm) and 8 full-guide grass plates 1a in this embodiment, while traditional combine harvesters generally use 10 full-guide grass plates. As a result, the number of spiral turns of the regenerated rice (straw) in the threshing drum is reduced, the threshing load of the device is reduced, and the threshing load caused by using a smaller volume to handle the same amount of feed is alleviated.

[0035] To ensure that the threshed straw falls precisely at the center of the threshing device during discharge, allowing for rapid transport of the straw to the rear mechanism of the harvester, thereby reducing the working pressure on the threshing device and improving its efficiency, this threshing device includes a semi-guide plate 1b positioned at the same distance and angle as the full guide plate 1a behind the full guide plate 1a. The semi-guide plate 1b is located on one side of the axial centerline of the roller top cover, meaning it does not extend beyond the centerline of the top cover along the spiral conveying direction.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, in order to minimize the threshing load, the angle α between the spiral-arranged guide plates 1a on the top cover 1 of the drum and the axis should be as large as possible. However, the efficiency of spiraling backward conveying of straw must also be taken into account. Therefore, the axial length f of the overlapping portion of two adjacent guide plates 1a in the circumferential direction is 20 mm to 40 mm. In contrast, the overlap area of ​​adjacent guide plates on the top cover of the threshing drum of a conventional combine harvester with the same processing capacity is generally greater than 40 mm.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, in order to maximize the processing capacity of the combined concave plate, the combined concave plate 3 specifically adopts a grid concave plate. Specifically, the combined concave plate 3 adopts four 180-degree symmetrical tile-segmented grid concave plates, which are combined into a U-shaped groove. Traditional combine harvesters generally use a combination of six grid concave plates because the threshing drum is longer than that of this device.

[0038] like Figure 7 As shown, the combined concave plate 3 includes multiple circumferentially arranged screen bars 3a and multiple axially arranged transverse bars 3b. To prevent the threshed straw from passing through the combined concave plate and falling into the cleaning device installed below the device, and in order to significantly reduce the processing capacity of the cleaning device, the spacing between adjacent screen bars 3a of the combined concave plate 3 is 8 mm to 11 mm. In contrast, the spacing between adjacent screen bars in traditional combine harvesters is generally greater than 16 mm.

[0039] Considering the characteristics of the threshing process, where the first stage treats more grains and less straw, while the second stage treats fewer grains and more straw, the combined concave plate 3 of this device can be configured as a front screen comb and a rear screen mesh, meaning the spacing d2 of the front screen bars is greater than the spacing d1 of the rear screen bars. This balances the grain screening efficiency (i.e., grain loss rate) and the reduction of straw falling below the combined concave plate (i.e., impurity rate). Traditional combine harvesters have long threshing devices, and their cleaning devices are also long, so the screen bar spacing is not a major concern. Conversely, some models use a front screen comb and a rear screen mesh to minimize entrainment losses. The most common configuration is a front screen bar spacing of 18 mm and a rear screen bar spacing of 20 mm.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, to ensure the effective rubbing of crops by the combined concave plate 3 in conjunction with the threshing drum 2 and to increase wet threshing capacity, the distance g between the horizontal bar 3b of the combined concave plate 3 and the screen bar 3a in the radial direction of the threshing drum 2 is 6 mm to 7 mm. To increase the striking force and reduce entrainment loss, the distance e between the tip of the threshing teeth on the threshing tooth bar 2b2 and the horizontal bar 3b of the combined concave plate 3 is no greater than 13 mm. In traditional combine harvesters, the distance between the tip of the threshing teeth and the horizontal bar of the grid concave plate is generally greater than 17 mm.

[0041] The present invention also provides a combine harvester for regenerated rice, including a harvesting platform, a chassis traveling part, a grain cleaning part, a grain storage and unloading part, a post-threshing straw crushing and spreading part, and the regenerated rice threshing device as described above.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is one implementation method based on the overall concept of the present invention. Furthermore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A rice threshing device, comprising, from top to bottom, a drum top cover, a threshing drum, and a combined concave plate, characterized in that, The threshing drum has a diameter not exceeding 560 mm, a length not exceeding 1700 mm, and a linear velocity not exceeding 20.5 m / s. The threshing drum includes a drum shaft, a flange mounted on the drum shaft, and threshing teeth arranged circumferentially on the flange, with sparse and dense teeth arranged at intervals. Both the sparse and dense teeth have threshing teeth, but the number of threshing teeth on the sparse teeth is less than the number of threshing teeth on the dense teeth. The threshing teeth on the sparse and dense teeth are staggered circumferentially. The backward inclination angle of the threshing teeth is 7°~10°. The inner side of the roller top cover has 7-8 fully guide grass plates arranged in a spiral angle from front to back. The rear end of the inner side of the roller top cover has a semi guide grass plate that is equidistant from the fully guide grass plates. The semi guide grass plate is located on one side of the axial center line of the roller top cover. The axial length of the overlapping part of two adjacent fully guide grass plates in the circumferential direction is 20 mm to 40 mm.

2. The device for threshing rice according to claim 1, wherein The combined concave plate includes multiple circumferentially arranged screen bars and multiple axially arranged transverse bars, with a spacing of 8 mm to 11 mm between adjacent screen bars.

3. The regenerative rice threshing device according to claim 2, wherein The spacing between the screen bars at the front is greater than the spacing between the screen bars at the rear.

4. The regenerative rice threshing device according to claim 2, wherein The horizontal bar extends 6-7 mm above the sieve bar in the radial direction.

5. The regenerative rice threshing device according to claim 2, wherein The distance between the threshing teeth and the crossbar is no more than 13 mm.

6. A combine harvester for ratooning rice, characterized in that, It includes a harvesting platform, a chassis traveling unit, a grain cleaning unit, a grain storage and unloading unit, a post-threshing straw crushing and spreading unit, and a regenerated rice threshing device as described in any one of claims 1-5.

Images