A water-soluble fertilizer special for peach trees in northern calcareous soil and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a water-soluble fertilizer package specifically for peach trees in calcareous soils of northern China and its application method. The package includes a bud-germinating fertilizer, a core-hardening fertilizer, a fruit-enlarging fertilizer, and a post-harvest fertilizer. In the bud-germinating fertilizer, the nitrogen content is 36%, the phosphorus content (P) is 5% (based on the mass of P2O5), and the potassium content (K) is 6% (based on the mass of K2O). In the core-hardening fertilizer, the nitrogen content is 11%, the P content (based on the mass of P2O5) is 12%, and the potassium content (based on the mass of K2O) is 27%. In the fruit-enlarging fertilizer, the nitrogen content is 7%, the P content (based on the mass of P2O5) is 4%, and the potassium content (based on the mass of K2O) is 39%. In the post-harvest fertilizer, the nitrogen content is 21%, the P content (based on the mass of P2O5) is 10%, and the potassium content (based on the mass of K2O) is 19%. Application tests of the water-soluble fertilizer of this invention show that, on average, the amount of fertilizer used is reduced by more than 25%, the yield is higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment, and the quality is improved; the soil pH also shows a downward trend, indicating that the fertilizer of this invention has a certain effect on regulating soil acidity and alkalinity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a water-soluble fertilizer package specifically designed for peach trees in calcareous soils of northern regions and its application, belonging to the technical field of crop package fertilizers. Background Technology

[0002] my country has 13.5 million mu (approximately 900,000 hectares) of peach orchards, ranking first in the world and making it the world's largest peach producer. Because peach trees grow vigorously and have high nutrient requirements, they need to be fertilized multiple times a year to meet their normal growth needs and produce high-quality fruit. Furthermore, the amount of nutrients absorbed by peach trees varies at different growth stages; therefore, the nutrient ratio of fertilizers must be matched with the nutrient requirements of the peach trees to effectively improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0003] Unscientific fertilizer nutrient ratios not only fail to meet the different nutrient requirements of peach trees during their critical growth stages, affecting yield and quality, but also lead to the enrichment of certain nutrients in the soil over many years of continuous application, and may even create the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution.

[0004] Northern my country is mostly characterized by calcareous soils, which are alkaline or slightly alkaline (pH generally above 7.0). Peach trees thrive in neutral or slightly acidic soil environments. Therefore, applying fertilizers with acid-regulating properties to the calcareous soils in the north can create a suitable acid-base environment in the root zone of peach trees, promoting their growth.

[0005] Furthermore, with the increase in labor costs, densely planted orchards, which are currently suitable for mechanized operations and integrated water and fertilizer technology, are developing rapidly and have become a trend. In addition, in order to regulate root zone moisture, increase early spring soil temperature, and control weed growth (weed growth is not conducive to ventilation between rows and affects the light exposure of fruiting branches under the trees), the small raised ridge mulching technology is now widely used in densely planted peach orchards, which also limits the application of other non-water-soluble fertilizers.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for functional water-soluble fertilizer packages specifically for peaches, which have a high market prospect. However, there is currently little research and reporting on such fertilizers both domestically and internationally. There are very few specialized fertilizers for peach trees on the market, especially integrated water and fertilizer solutions for different growth stages. Most existing peach tree fertilizers are soil-applied fertilizers. Therefore, this invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer package specifically for peach trees in calcareous soils of northern regions to solve the problems mentioned in the background section. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water-soluble fertilizer package specifically designed for peach trees in calcareous soils of northern regions. During the critical growth and development stages of peach trees (budding, pit hardening, fruit enlargement, and post-harvest period), fertilization is carried out through an integrated water and fertilizer device. The fertilizer formula is formulated according to the nutrient requirements of peach trees at different stages, improving nutrient utilization efficiency. At the same time, soil conditioners and improvers are added to create a good growth environment in the root zone of the peach trees, thereby improving the quality of peaches, reducing fertilizer input, and achieving quality improvement and efficiency enhancement.

[0008] The present invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer package specifically for peach trees in calcareous soils in northern China, including bud-germinating fertilizer, pit-hardening fertilizer, fruit-enlarging fertilizer, and post-harvest fertilizer;

[0009] The sprouting fertilizer contains 36% N, 5% P based on the mass of P2O5, and 6% K based on the mass of K2O.

[0010] The hard-core fertilizer contains 11% N, 12% P based on the mass of P2O5, and 27% K based on the mass of K2O.

[0011] The aforementioned growth-enlarging fertilizer contains 7% N, 4% P based on the mass of P2O5, and 39% K based on the mass of K2O.

[0012] The postpartum fertilizer contains 21% nitrogen (N), 10% phosphorus (P) by mass of P2O5, and 19% potassium (K) by mass of K2O.

[0013] The water-soluble fertilizer is made from urea (46% nitrogen), monoammonium phosphate (61% P2O5 and 12% N), potassium sulfate (52% K2O), sulfur, potassium humate, anti-caking agent, and chelated trace elements.

[0014] The anti-caking agent is anhydrous magnesium sulfate;

[0015] The chelated trace elements include iron, zinc, manganese, boron, titanium, copper and molybdenum (iron 1.5%, zinc 2.8%, manganese 1.5%, boron 2.4%, titanium 0.36%, copper 0.4%, molybdenum 0.3%).

[0016] In preparing the water-soluble fertilizer of this invention, in order to ensure that the fertilizer is fully and evenly mixed, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, sulfur, potassium humate, anti-caking agent (anhydrous magnesium sulfate), and trace element raw materials all need to be crushed to a diameter of less than 0.5 mm by a pulverizer.

[0017] The water-soluble fertilizer of this invention can be used as a special package fertilizer for peach trees in calcareous soil;

[0018] When applying the fertilizer, the water-soluble fertilizer can be applied with irrigation water at different growth stages of peach trees using methods such as inverted micro-sprinklers, small-tube outflow, micro-sprinkler tape, drip irrigation under film, or other integrated water and fertilizer methods.

[0019] The fertilization point is at the projection of the peach tree canopy, and the amount of water used for each irrigation is 18-20 ml. 3 / mu.

[0020] Preferably, on the premise that 1.5 to 2.5 tons of commercial organic fertilizer are applied per mu in the autumn of the previous year, the budding fertilizer is applied 10 to 14 days before the peach trees bud. The application rate is 35 kg / mu for early-maturing peaches, 40 kg / mu for mid-maturing peaches, and 50 kg / mu for late-maturing peaches.

[0021] Preferably, the hardening fertilizer is applied when the peach pit begins to harden, wherein the application rate is 15 kg / mu for early-maturing peaches, 25 kg / mu for mid-maturing peaches, and 30 kg / mu for late-maturing peaches.

[0022] Preferably, the fruit-enlarging fertilizer is applied 15 to 25 days before fruit ripening, with the application rate being 30 kg / mu for early-maturing peaches, 35 kg / mu for mid-maturing peaches, and 35 kg / mu for late-maturing peaches.

[0023] Preferably, the postpartum fertilizer is applied after the fruit is harvested, wherein the application rate is 10 kg / mu for early-maturing peaches, 10 kg / mu for mid-maturing peaches, and 10 kg / mu for late-maturing peaches.

[0024] This invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer prepared according to the annual nutrient requirements of peach trees. Before budding in spring, peach trees mainly require nitrogen. During the pit hardening stage, which is also the critical period for flower bud differentiation, the demand for phosphorus and potassium is relatively high. During the fruit enlargement stage, the nutrient requirement is mainly potassium. After the large peaches are harvested, it is the recovery period for the tree, and it requires nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to meet nutrient reserves and prepare for the growth of the following year.

[0025] Application tests of the water-soluble fertilizer of this invention show that, on average, the amount of fertilizer used is reduced by more than 25%, the yield is higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment, and the quality is improved; the soil pH also shows a downward trend, indicating that the fertilizer of this invention has a certain effect on regulating soil acidity and alkalinity. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0028] The trace elements used in the following examples are chelated trace elements, and the mass content of each element is as follows: iron 1.5%, zinc 2.8%, manganese 1.5%, boron 2.4%, titanium 0.36%, copper 0.4%, and molybdenum 0.3%.

[0029] The anti-caking agent used in the following examples is anhydrous magnesium sulfate.

[0030] Example 1: Preparation of water-soluble fertilizer

[0031] Germination fertilizer: Crush 761.2 kg of urea, 82 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 115.4 kg of potassium sulfate, 2 kg of sulfur, 4 kg of anti-caking agent, 2 kg of trace elements, and 33.4 kg of potassium humate separately into powders with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm using a pulverizer. Put the above raw materials into a mixer, mix them evenly, and fill 10 kg bags into plastic packaging bags and seal them.

[0032] Hard-core fertilizer: Crush 187.8 kg of urea, 196.7 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 519.2 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of sulfur, 4 kg of anti-caking agent, 2 kg of trace elements, and 80.3 kg of potassium humate separately into particles with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm using a pulverizer. Put the above raw materials into a mixer, mix them evenly, and fill 10 kg bags into plastic packaging bags and seal them.

[0033] Enlargement fertilizer: Grind 135.1 kg of urea, 65.6 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 750.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of sulfur, 4 kg of anti-caking agent, 2 kg of trace elements, and 33.3 kg of potassium humate separately into powders with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm using a grinder. Add the above raw materials to a mixer, mix evenly, and fill 10 kg portions into plastic bags and seal.

[0034] Postpartum fertilizer: Grind 413.8 kg of urea, 163.9 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 365.4 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of sulfur, 4 kg of anti-caking agent, 2 kg of trace elements, and 40.9 kg of potassium humate separately into powders with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm using a grinder. Put the above raw materials into a mixer, mix them evenly, and fill 10 kg bags into plastic packaging bags and seal them.

[0035] Example 2: Application of water-soluble fertilizer

[0036] The fertilizer manufactured in Example 1 of this invention underwent a field application trial from March 2020 to October 2023 in an orchard in Xiying Village, Yukou Town, Pinggu District, Beijing. At the start of the trial, the peach trees were 8 years old, of the "Da Hong Guan" variety, a late-maturing variety, with a tree spacing of 1m and a row spacing of 4m. The experimental plot consisted of 16 rows, with 65 trees per row, oriented north-south. Inverted micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilization were used. The soil pH at 0-40cm depth was 7.86, indicating moderate fertility. The experimental plot was divided into two parts: the eastern 8 rows (treated with special water-soluble fertilizer) applied the fertilizer prepared in Example 1, with a total application rate of 125 kg / mu; the western 8 rows (treated with conventional fertilizer) applied the conventional water-soluble fertilizer commonly used in the orchard, with a total application rate of 165 kg / mu. Each year in early October, 2 tons / mu of organic fertilizer was applied to the entire plot, using a 30cm deep trench at the edge of the tree canopy's vertical projection, followed by covering with soil and watering.

[0037] Specialized fertilizer treatment: Fertilizer is applied four times throughout the year. The types and methods of fertilizer application are as follows: Bud-germination fertilizer: around March 20th, apply 50 kg / mu before peach trees sprout. Pit-hardening fertilizer: around June 10th, apply 30 kg / mu when peach pits begin to harden. Fruit-enlarging fertilizer: around August 25th, apply 35 kg / mu before fruit ripening. Post-harvest fertilizer: around September 20th, apply 10 kg / mu after fruit harvest.

[0038] Conventional fertilizer treatment: The conventional water-soluble fertilizer commonly used in the park has a nutrient content of 17% N, 17% P2O5, and 17% K2O. The fertilization time is the same as that of the special fertilizer treatment, and the application rates are 60 kg / mu, 40 kg / mu, 50 kg / mu, and 15 kg / mu, respectively.

[0039] The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1. Peach yield, quality, and soil pH under different treatments.

[0041]

[0042] Table 1 shows the experimental data for four consecutive years. The average single fruit weight for the special water-soluble fertilizer treatment was 319.36 g, and the average yield was 37583.11 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 12.48%, the average soluble solids content was 12.53%, and the average reduced vitamin C was 119.51 mg / kg. Under conventional fertilizer treatment, the average single fruit weight was 299.27 g, and the average yield was 34986.99 kg / hm². 2The average soluble sugar content was 11.18%, the average soluble solids content was 11.31%, and the average reduced vitamin C was 102.31 mg / kg. All of these indicators for the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those for the conventional fertilizer treatment. The average titratable acid content in the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment was 0.40%, and the average nitrate content was 27.34 mg / kg, while the average titratable acid content in the control conventional fertilizer treatment was 0.51%, and the average nitrate content was 44.97 mg / kg, both significantly higher than those in the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment.

[0043] Example 3: Application of water-soluble fertilizer

[0044] The fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of this invention underwent a field application trial from March 2020 to October 2023 in an orchard in Xiying Village, Yukou Town, Pinggu District, Beijing. At the start of the trial, the peach trees were 6 years old, of the "Yan Hong" variety, a mid-maturing variety, with a plant spacing of 1m and a row spacing of 4m. The experimental plot consisted of 20 rows, with 65 trees per row, oriented north-south. Inverted micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilization were used. The soil pH at 0-40cm depth was 7.91, indicating moderate fertility. The experimental plot was divided into two parts: the eastern 10 rows (treated with special water-soluble fertilizer) applied the fertilizer prepared in Example 1, with a total application rate of 110 kg / mu; the western 10 rows (treated with conventional fertilizer) applied the conventional water-soluble fertilizer commonly used in the orchard, with a total application rate of 140 kg / mu. At the end of September each year, 2 tons / mu of organic fertilizer were applied to the entire plot, applied by digging a 30cm deep trench at the edge of the tree canopy's vertical projection, followed by covering with soil and watering.

[0045] Specialized fertilizer treatment: Fertilizer is applied four times throughout the year. The types and methods of fertilizer application are as follows: Bud-germination fertilizer: 40 kg / mu (approximately 667 square meters) around March 20th each year, before the peach trees sprout. Kernel-hardening fertilizer: 25 kg / mu (approximately 1.67 square meters) around June 3rd each year, when the peach kernels begin to harden. Fruit-enlarging fertilizer: 35 kg / mu (approximately 1.67 square meters) around July 10th each year, before the fruit ripens. Post-harvest fertilizer: 10 kg / mu (approximately 667 square meters) around August 30th each year.

[0046] Conventional fertilizer treatment: The conventional water-soluble fertilizer commonly used in the park has a nutrient content of 17% N, 17% P2O5, and 17% K2O. The fertilization time is the same as that of the special fertilizer treatment, and the application rates are 50 kg / mu, 40 kg / mu, 40 kg / mu, and 10 kg / mu, respectively.

[0047] The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 2. Peach yield, quality, and soil pH under different treatments.

[0049]

[0050] Table 2 shows the experimental data for four consecutive years. The average single fruit weight for the treatment with the special water-soluble fertilizer was 282.88 g, and the average yield was 46563.34 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 12.51%, the average soluble solids content was 12.81%, and the average reduced vitamin C was 64.10 mg / kg. Under conventional fertilizer treatment, the average single fruit weight was 274.20 g, and the average yield was 43382.93 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 10.91%, the average soluble solids content was 11.56%, and the average reduced vitamin C was 46.05 mg / kg. All these indicators of the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of the conventional fertilizer treatment. The average titratable acid content of the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment was 0.37%, and the average nitrate content was 26.27 mg / kg, while the average titratable acid content of the conventional fertilizer treatment was 0.46%, and the average nitrate content was 35.58 mg / kg, both significantly higher than those of the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment.

[0051] Example 4: Application of water-soluble fertilizer

[0052] The fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of this invention underwent a field application trial from March 2020 to October 2023 in an orchard in Xiying Village, Yukou Town, Pinggu District, Beijing. At the start of the trial, the peach trees were 5 years old, of the early-maturing variety "Chunmi Jiu," with a plant spacing of 1m and a row spacing of 4m. The experimental plot consisted of 12 rows, with 95 trees per row, oriented north-south. Inverted micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilization were used. The soil pH at 0-40cm depth was 7.88, indicating moderate fertility. The experimental plot was divided into two parts: the eastern 6 rows (treated with special water-soluble fertilizer) applied the fertilizer prepared in Example 1, with a total application rate of 90kg / mu; the western 6 rows (treated with conventional fertilizer) applied the conventional water-soluble fertilizer commonly used in the orchard, with a total application rate of 120kg / mu. In late August each year, 2 tons / mu of organic fertilizer were applied to the entire plot, applied by digging a 30cm deep trench at the edge of the tree canopy's vertical projection, followed by covering with soil and watering.

[0053] Specialized fertilizer treatment: Fertilizer is applied four times throughout the year. The types and methods of fertilizer application are as follows: Bud-germination fertilizer: 35 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) applied around March 16th each year, before the peach trees sprout. Kernel-hardening fertilizer: 15 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) applied around May 25th each year, when the peach kernels begin to harden. Fruit-enlarging fertilizer: 30 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) applied around June 8th each year, before the fruit ripens. Post-harvest fertilizer: 10 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) applied around July 1st each year.

[0054] Conventional fertilizer treatment: The conventional water-soluble fertilizer commonly used in the park has a nutrient content of 17% N, 17% P2O5, and 17% K2O. The fertilization time is the same as that of the special fertilizer treatment, and the application rates are 40 kg / mu, 40 kg / mu, 30 kg / mu, and 10 kg / mu, respectively.

[0055] The experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3. Peach yield, quality, and soil pH under different treatments.

[0057]

[0058] Table 3 shows the experimental data for four consecutive years. The average single fruit weight for the special water-soluble fertilizer treatment was 211.33 g, and the average yield was 32061.9 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 12.47%, the average soluble solids content was 12.98%, and the average reduced vitamin C was 61.50 mg / kg. Under conventional fertilizer treatment, the average single fruit weight was 199.58 g, and the average yield was 28541.44 kg / hm². 2 The average soluble sugar content was 11.27%, the average soluble solids content was 11.56%, and the average reduced vitamin C was 44.20 mg / kg. All these indicators of the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of the conventional fertilizer treatment. The average titratable acid content of the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment was 0.45%, and the average nitrate content was 24.97 mg / kg, while the average titratable acid content of the control conventional fertilizer treatment was 0.57%, and the average nitrate content was 33.84 mg / kg, both significantly higher than those of the specialized water-soluble fertilizer treatment.

[0059] The results of the four-year trials shown in Tables 1-3 indicate that the special water-soluble fertilizer of this invention saves an average of more than 25% in fertilizer usage. The special water-soluble fertilizer treatment is superior to the control treatment in terms of both yield and quality. Moreover, during the four-year trial, the pH of the soil in the root zone of peach trees treated with the special water-soluble fertilizer showed a downward trend, indicating that the special water-soluble fertilizer of this invention has a regulating and improving effect on the pH of calcareous soils, which is more conducive to the growth of peach trees.

Claims

1. A water-soluble fertilizer package specifically designed for peach trees in calcareous soils of northern regions, comprising bud-promoting fertilizer, pit-hardening fertilizer, fruit-enlarging fertilizer, and post-harvest fertilizer; The sprouting fertilizer contains 36% nitrogen (N), 5% phosphorus (P) by mass of P2O5, and 6% potassium (K) by mass of K2O. The hard-core fertilizer contains 11% nitrogen (N), 12% phosphorus (P) by mass of P2O5, and 27% potassium (K) by mass of K2O. The aforementioned growth-enhancing fertilizer contains 7% nitrogen (N), 4% phosphorus (P) by mass of P2O5, and 39% potassium (K) by mass of K2O. The postpartum fertilizer contains 21% nitrogen (N), 10% phosphorus (P) based on the mass of P2O5, and 19% potassium (K) based on the mass of K2O. The water-soluble fertilizer is made from urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, sulfur, potassium humate, anti-caking agent, and chelated trace elements. The anti-caking agent is anhydrous magnesium sulfate; The chelated trace elements include iron, zinc, manganese, boron, titanium, copper, and molybdenum.

2. The application of the water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1 in a special fertilizer package for peach trees in calcareous soil; The bud-promoting fertilizer is applied 10-14 days before the peach trees sprout. The application rate for early-maturing peaches is 35 kg / mu, for mid-maturing peaches it is 40 kg / mu, and for late-maturing peaches it is 50 kg / mu. The hardening fertilizer is applied when the peach pit begins to harden. The application rate is 15 kg / mu for early-maturing peaches, 25 kg / mu for mid-maturing peaches, and 30 kg / mu for late-maturing peaches. The fruit enlargement fertilizer is applied 15-25 days before fruit ripening. The application rate is 30 kg / mu for early-maturing peaches, 35 kg / mu for mid-maturing peaches, and 35 kg / mu for late-maturing peaches. The postpartum fertilizer is applied after fruit harvest. The application rate is 10 kg / mu for early-maturing peaches, 10 kg / mu for mid-maturing peaches, and 10 kg / mu for late-maturing peaches.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water-soluble fertilizer is applied with irrigation water at different growth stages of peach trees using inverted micro-sprinkler, drip irrigation under film, or other integrated water and fertilizer application methods. The fertilization point is the projection of the peach tree canopy, and the amount of water used for each irrigation is 18-20 m³ / mu.

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