Fork arm structure and bogie and railway vehicle

Abstract

This invention provides a forklift structure, a bogie, and a rail vehicle. The forklift structure includes: a forklift; a spherical node installed at the first connecting end of the forklift, suitable for connecting to a wheelset system, the spherical node comprising nested spherical rubber bodies and laminated rubber bodies; and at least two connecting nodes installed at the second connecting end of the forklift, suitable for connecting to a frame, with each connecting node spaced laterally along the vehicle body. The forklift structure of this invention, by setting double-layered nested rubber nodes at the single end of the forklift, satisfies the multi-dimensional positioning requirements of the primary suspension positioning structure between the frame and the wheelset system, including lateral, longitudinal, vertical, torsional, and deflection dimensions, and provides positioning stiffness in corresponding directions. Furthermore, while satisfying positioning requirements in all directions, it can also release displacement during vehicle roll and heave, avoiding excessive structural and load deformation, improving vehicle safety and stability, and enhancing passenger comfort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail vehicles, and provides a forklift structure, a bogie, and a rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In the bogie system of a rail vehicle, the frame and the axle boxes of the wheelset system are usually connected by a linkage structure to form the primary suspension positioning structure. During vehicle operation, the bogie frame and the wheelset system rotate relative to each other due to lateral roll, which can easily cause the structure bearing the lateral roll to bear excessive deformation and torsional loads, thus adversely affecting the stability and load-bearing reliability of the primary suspension positioning structure.

[0003] Existing linkage structures are typically set along the longitudinal direction of the bogie (i.e., the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body). Due to the lack of rotational function in the connection structure between the linkage, the frame, and the axle box, they can usually only achieve longitudinal positioning stiffness. Furthermore, existing primary suspension positioning structures usually require additional mechanisms to enable the structure bearing the roll load to withstand sufficiently large deformation and torsional loads, which is detrimental to lightweight vehicle design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fork arm structure that, through structural improvements, eliminates the need for additional mechanisms and enables multi-dimensional positioning in the lateral, longitudinal, vertical, torsional, and deflection directions required by the primary suspension positioning structure, while providing positioning stiffness in the corresponding directions. Furthermore, in addition to satisfying positioning in all directions, it can release displacement when the vehicle body rolls or floats, avoiding excessive structural and load deformation, improving vehicle safety and stability, and enhancing passenger comfort.

[0005] This invention also provides a bogie.

[0006] This invention also provides a rail vehicle.

[0007] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, a fork arm, a spherical node, and at least two connecting nodes are included.

[0008] A spherical node, installed at the first connecting end of the fork arm, is suitable for connecting a wheelset system. The spherical node includes nested and connected spherical rubber bodies and laminated rubber bodies.

[0009] At least two connection nodes are installed at the second connection end of the fork arm, suitable for connecting the frame, and each of the connection nodes is spaced laterally along the vehicle body.

[0010] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, the spherical node includes a first node shaft, a pair of the laminated rubber bodies, and the spherical rubber body.

[0011] The first node axle is adapted to connect the wheelset system.

[0012] A pair of the laminated rubber bodies are respectively fitted onto both ends of the first node shaft.

[0013] The spherical rubber body is vulcanized and formed on the first node shaft and sandwiched between a pair of laminated rubber bodies.

[0014] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, the spherical rubber body includes a shell and a spherical rubber layer.

[0015] The housing is sleeved outside the first node shaft and interference-fitted into the first bushing, which is located at the first connecting end of the fork arm.

[0016] A spherical rubber layer is formed in a spherical shape between the first node shaft and the shell.

[0017] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, the spherical node further includes a pair of fixing sleeves, the pair of fixing sleeves being respectively fitted onto both ends of the first node shaft, and each fixing sleeve being connected to a corresponding side of the first bushing via the laminated rubber body.

[0018] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, the fixing sleeve includes a bushing segment and a baffle. The bushing segment is arranged axially along the first node shaft and fitted onto the end of the first node shaft. The baffle is radially connected to the bushing segment along the first node shaft. The laminated rubber body is vulcanized and formed between the baffle and the first bushing.

[0019] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, the fork arm structure further includes a second node shaft, the second node shaft is arranged laterally along the vehicle body, the second node shaft is connected to the second connecting end of the fork arm through at least two of the connecting nodes, and the second node shaft is adapted to connect the frame; wherein, a laminated rubber body is formed between each of the connecting nodes and the second node shaft.

[0020] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, the fork arm includes a main connecting arm and at least one bias connecting arm.

[0021] The main connecting arm is arranged longitudinally along the vehicle body. One end of the main connecting arm is connected to the spherical node, and the other end of the main connecting arm is connected to the second node axis through a connecting node.

[0022] At least one biased connecting arm, all of which are connected to the same side of the main connecting arm and are respectively connected to the second node axis through a plurality of the connecting nodes.

[0023] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, the fork arm includes a main connecting arm and an offset connecting arm, one end of the offset connecting arm being connected to the outside of the main connecting arm; the main connecting arm is connected to a first connecting node via a first connecting bushing, and the offset connecting arm is connected to a second connecting node via a second connecting bushing; the first connecting node and the second connecting node include two sets of inclined laminated rubber bodies, the two sets of laminated rubber bodies being vulcanized and molded between the first connecting bushing and the second node shaft, and between the second connecting bushing and the second node shaft, respectively.

[0024] According to a fork arm structure of the present invention, the laminated rubber body includes rubber layers and partitions, and a plurality of rubber layers are stacked in a planar manner, with partitions laid between adjacent rubber layers.

[0025] The present invention also provides a bogie, including a frame and a wheelset system.

[0026] The wheelset system is connected to the frame via a fork arm structure as described above.

[0027] The present invention also provides a rail vehicle comprising the fork arm structure as described above; or, comprising the bogie as described above.

[0028] The above-described one or more technical solutions of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects.

[0029] The fork arm structure provided by this invention includes a fork arm, a spherical node, and at least two connecting nodes. The first connecting end of the fork arm is adapted to connect to a wheelset system, and the second connecting end of the fork arm is adapted to connect to a frame. The spherical node is installed at the first connecting end of the fork arm, making the first connecting end of the fork arm a single-arm end. The spherical node includes nested and connected spherical rubber bodies and laminated rubber bodies, thereby forming a double-layer nested rubber node structure at the single-arm end of the fork arm. This allows the fork arm structure to meet the multi-dimensional positioning requirements of the primary suspension positioning structure between the frame and the wheelset system, including lateral, longitudinal, vertical, torsional, and deflection dimensions, and to provide positioning stiffness in the corresponding directions. Multiple connecting nodes are installed at the second connecting end of the fork arm, making the second connecting end of the fork arm a multi-arm end, and the connecting nodes are spaced laterally along the vehicle body. When the frame and wheelset system experience lateral, longitudinal, vertical, roll, and heave movements, the multi-arm end of the fork arm can effectively cooperate with the single-arm end to achieve multi-dimensional displacement release. In other words, the fork arm structure can reliably release displacement when the vehicle body undergoes translation, roll, and heave movements, while satisfying the above-mentioned positioning requirements. This avoids excessive structural and load deformation of the bogie, improves the safety and stability of vehicle operation, and enhances passenger comfort.

[0030] Furthermore, the fork arm structure provided by the present invention can achieve the aforementioned primary positioning function, thereby eliminating the need for additional axle boxes to be installed on the wheelset system of the bogie, optimizing the bogie components in the overall structural layout of the bogie, reducing the overall weight of the bogie, and meeting the lightweight design requirements of rail vehicles.

[0031] The bogie provided by this invention includes a frame and a wheelset system. The wheelset system is connected to the frame via the aforementioned wishbone structure. Due to the inclusion of the aforementioned wishbone structure, the bogie possesses at least all the advantages of the wishbone structure, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0032] The rail vehicle provided by this invention includes the fork arm structure described above; or includes the bogie described above. By providing the fork arm structure or bogie described above, the rail vehicle possesses at least all the advantages of the fork arm structure described above, which will not be elaborated further here. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or related technologies, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the fork arm structure provided by the present invention in the bogie.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fork arm structure provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the fork arm structure provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the first connecting end of the fork arm structure provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the first connecting end of the fork arm structure provided by the present invention with the bushing of the wheelset system.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the second connecting end of the fork arm structure provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure label:

[0041] 100. Frame; 200. Wheelset system; 300. Fork arm structure; 210. Upper shell; 220. Lower shell; 1. Spherical node; 11. First bushing; 12. Spherical rubber body; 121. Shell; 122. Spherical rubber layer; 13. Laminated rubber body; 14. Fixing sleeve; 2. First connecting node; 21. First connecting bushing; 22. First laminated rubber; 3. Second connecting node; 31. Second connecting bushing; 32. Second laminated rubber; 4. First node shaft; 5. Second node shaft; 51. First positioning shoulder; 52. Mounting shaft section; 53. Second positioning shoulder; 54. Sealing plate; 6. Fork arm; 61. Main connecting arm; 62. Offset connecting arm. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the fork arm structure 300 of this embodiment is connected to the bogie wheelset system 200 and the frame 100, respectively. Figure 1 As shown, the fork arm structure 300 has a single-arm end and a multi-arm end (i.e., a double-arm end as shown in the figure). The multi-arm end of the fork arm structure 300 is connected to the crossbeam of the frame 100. The single-arm end of the fork arm structure 300 is connected to the bushing structure provided on the axle of the wheelset system 200. A pair of connecting seats are respectively constructed at the front and rear ends of the crossbeam of the frame 100, and the pair of connecting seats located at the same end are respectively fixed to the lateral sides of the corresponding ends of the crossbeam. By utilizing the structural improvement of the fork arm structure 300 itself, it can directly replace the axle box to form a reliable primary positioning system between the frame 100 and the axle and bear the primary positioning stiffness in the corresponding direction.

[0044] It should be noted that the directions described in this invention are all based on the direction of travel of the rail vehicle. The terms "front" and "rear" in this invention refer to the forward and backward direction of the vehicle's movement, that is, the "longitudinal" direction, or the length direction of the vehicle. Figure 2 The Y-direction and reverse direction are shown. In this invention, "lateral" refers to the width direction of the vehicle, i.e., as shown... Figure 2 The X-direction and reverse direction are shown. The "vertical" direction mentioned in this invention refers to the height direction of the vehicle, i.e., as shown... Figure 2 The Z-direction and reverse direction are shown. The "torsion" described in this invention refers to... Figure 2 The rotational motion generated on the YOZ plane shown is, in other words, as Figure 4 The A-direction movement shown specifically refers to the torsion caused by the height difference between the two sides of the crossbeam of the frame 100 due to the lateral roll motion and / or heave motion of the frame 100 relative to the axle. The "deflection" mentioned in this invention refers to... Figure 2The rotational motion generated on the XOY plane shown is, in other words, as Figure 4 The B-direction and reverse movement shown refers specifically to the deflection caused by the lateral translation of the frame 100 relative to the axle.

[0045] The following combination Figures 2 to 5 The fork arm structure 300 of the present invention is described in detail.

[0046] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the fork arm structure 300 of this embodiment includes a fork arm 6, a spherical node 1, and at least two connecting nodes. The first connecting end of the fork arm 6 is adapted to connect to the wheelset system 200, preferably connected to a bushing on the axle. The second connecting end of the fork arm 6 is adapted to connect to the frame 100, preferably connected to a mounting seat on the crossbeam. The spherical node 1 is installed at the first connecting end of the fork arm 6, making the first connecting end of the fork arm 6 a single-arm end. The spherical node 1 includes nested and connected spherical rubber bodies 12 and laminated rubber bodies 13, thereby forming a double-layer nested rubber node composition at the single-arm end of the fork arm 6. This allows the fork arm structure 300 to meet the multi-dimensional positioning requirements of the primary suspension positioning structure between the frame 100 and the wheelset system 200, including lateral, longitudinal, vertical, torsional, and deflection dimensions, and to provide positioning stiffness in the corresponding directions.

[0047] Understandably, the spherical rubber body 12 can bear the positioning stiffness in all the aforementioned directions within the spherical node 1, such as at least one of lateral positioning stiffness, longitudinal positioning stiffness, vertical positioning stiffness, torsional positioning stiffness, and deflection positioning stiffness. The laminated rubber bodies 13 nested on both sides of the spherical rubber body 12 can couple with the spherical rubber body 12 during the process of the spherical node 1 bearing the lateral positioning stiffness, torsional positioning stiffness, and deflection positioning stiffness, thereby reliably improving the load-bearing capacity of the bogie primary system in the corresponding directions.

[0048] In the fork arm structure 300 of this embodiment, multiple connection nodes are installed at the second connection end of the fork arm 6, making the second connection end of the fork arm 6 a multi-arm end. The connection nodes are spaced laterally along the vehicle body. When the frame 100 and wheelset system 200 undergo lateral displacement, longitudinal displacement, vertical displacement, roll, and heave, the multi-arm end of the fork arm 6 can effectively cooperate with the single-arm end, thereby achieving multi-dimensional displacement release. That is, the fork arm structure 300, while satisfying the above-mentioned positioning in all directions, can also reliably release displacement when the vehicle body undergoes translation, roll, and heave, avoiding excessive structural and load deformation of the bogie, improving the safety and stability of vehicle operation, and enhancing passenger comfort.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the spherical node 1 includes a first node shaft 4, a spherical rubber body 12, and a pair of laminated rubber bodies 13. The first node shaft 4 is suitable for connecting the wheelset system 200, preferably connecting the axle sleeve. The pair of laminated rubber bodies 13 are respectively sleeved on both ends of the first node shaft 4. The spherical rubber body 12 is vulcanized and formed on the first node shaft 4 and is sandwiched between the pair of laminated rubber bodies 13. The pair of laminated rubber bodies 13 can provide lateral positioning and bear lateral positioning stiffness for the spherical node 1 in the transverse direction of the vehicle body (i.e., the axial direction of the first node shaft 4), and can also provide torsional positioning and deflection positioning, and bear positioning stiffness in the corresponding directions. The pair of laminated rubber bodies 13 can also form a lateral positioning effect on the spherical rubber body 12 located in the middle of the first node shaft 4 at both ends of the first node shaft 4, avoiding excessive translation of the vehicle caused by the spherical rubber body 12 running off-center or excessive deformation during use.

[0050] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the spherical rubber body 12 includes a shell 121 and a spherical rubber layer 122. The shell 121 is sleeved on the outside of the first node shaft 4 and is interference-fitted into the first bushing 11, which is constructed at the first connecting end of the fork arm 6. The interference fit between the shell 121 and the first bushing 11 ensures synchronous movement between the rigid shell 121 of the spherical rubber body 12 and the first connecting end of the fork arm 6. The spherical rubber layer 122 is spherically formed between the first node shaft 4 and the shell 121, thereby utilizing its spherical structure to achieve reliable positioning and provide positioning stiffness in at least one of the transverse, longitudinal, vertical, torsional, and deflection directions.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the spherical node 1 also includes a pair of fixing sleeves 14. The pair of fixing sleeves 14 are respectively fitted onto both ends of the first node shaft 4, providing axial (lateral) positioning of the spherical rubber body 12 between the pair of fixing sleeves 14 along the first node shaft 4. Each fixing sleeve 14 is connected to the corresponding side of the first bushing 11 via a laminated rubber body 13, and the fixing sleeve 14 provides rigid support for the laminated rubber body 13 at the shaft end of the first node shaft 4. Preferably, the fixing sleeve 14 includes a bushing section and a baffle. The bushing section is arranged axially along the first node shaft 4 and fitted onto the outside of the end of the first node shaft 4, thereby increasing the contact area with the first node shaft 4 and improving the load-bearing strength. The baffle is radially connected to the bushing section along the first node shaft 4, and the laminated rubber body 13 is vulcanized and molded between the baffle and the first bushing 11, so that the laminated rubber body 13 is ring-shaped outside the first node shaft 4 and located between the baffle and the first bushing 11.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, a pair of bushing structures are respectively constructed at both ends of the axle of the wheelset system 200, located inside the wheel. The bushing structures are connected to the first connection end of the fork arm structure 300 through a spherical node 1. The bushing structure is integrally formed as an open-end structure and fixed to the axle, with the open end facing the crossbeam of the frame 100. To prevent the spherical node 1 from slipping off the bushing structure, the diameter of the aforementioned open end is smaller than the outer contour of the first bushing 11 of the fork arm 6. The bushing structure includes an upper shell 210 and a lower shell 220, which are fastened together and have shaft holes on both sides for the two ends of the first node shaft 4 to pass through. The fastened upper shell 210 and lower shell 220 have space inside to accommodate the first bushing 11 with the spherical node 1. To prevent collision damage between the outer wall of the first bushing 11 of the fork arm structure 300 and the inner wall of the bushing structure on the axle during vehicle operation, it is preferable to leave an installation gap between the inner walls of the upper shell 210 and the lower shell 220 after they are fastened and the outer contour of the first bushing 11 equipped with the spherical node 1.

[0053] Understandably, to facilitate reliable assembly of the first node shaft 4 with the bushing structure, it is preferable that both ends of the first node shaft 4 are provided with mounting holes along the axial direction. These mounting holes can be threaded holes or rivet holes.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the fork arm structure 300 also includes a second node shaft 5. The second node shaft 5 is arranged laterally along the vehicle body and is adapted to connect the frame 100. The second node shaft 5 is connected to the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 through at least two connecting nodes, that is, all connecting nodes of the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 are connected to the same shaft, so that all connecting nodes synchronously bear and share the load, and effectively improve the redundancy of displacement release. A laminated rubber body 13 is formed between each connecting node and the second node shaft 5, preferably the laminated rubber body 13 is formed on the outside of the second node shaft 5 by vulcanization. The laminated rubber body 13 provides the second node shaft 5 with displacement release along the lateral direction of the vehicle body (that is, the axial direction of the second node shaft 5), and can couple with the structure of the spherical node 1 of the first connecting end of the fork arm 6, reducing the shear force borne by the fork arm structure 300, thereby avoiding the primary suspension positioning structure from bearing structural loads and deformation loads under vehicle translation, roll and heave conditions.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, the second node shaft 5 is provided with at least two first mounting positions and at least two second mounting positions along the axial direction. The first mounting positions are suitable for connecting the mounting seats on the crossbeam, and the second mounting positions are suitable for connecting the aforementioned connecting nodes. The first and second mounting positions are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the second node shaft 5 and are positioned and separated by several positioning shoulders. The combined arrangement of the first and second mounting positions can make the connection positions of the mounting seats on the crossbeam and the connecting nodes of the fork arm 6 arranged at intervals, so that the force and load distribution of the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 is more balanced, and more stable multi-dimensional positioning stiffness is provided.

[0056] In this embodiment, two first mounting positions and two second mounting positions are provided along the axial direction of the second node axis 5. (See reference...) Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the adjacent first mounting position is located inside the second mounting position to ensure that the fork arm 6 is offset outward. See details. Figure 6 As shown, the left end of the second node shaft 5 is the inner side of the bogie, and the right end of the second node shaft 5 is the outer side of the bogie. The second node shaft 5 has two first positioning shoulders 51 spaced axially, and two second positioning shoulders 53 are respectively provided on the outer side of the two first positioning shoulders 51. Each second positioning shoulder 53 has an inner section of mounting shaft segment 52. Thus, a first mounting position is defined between the first positioning shoulders 51 and the mounting shaft segment 52, and the mounting shaft segment 52 is the second mounting position. Furthermore, to prevent slippage between the second connecting node 3 and the second node shaft 5, a sealing plate 54 is preferably installed at the outer end of the second node shaft 5, and the sealing plate 54 is fastened and fixed to the outer end face of the second connecting node 3.

[0057] Understandably, the axial direction of the first node axis 4 is parallel to the axial direction of the second node axis 5, both being set laterally along the vehicle body.

[0058] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the fork arm 6 includes a main connecting arm 61 and at least one offset connecting arm 62. The main connecting arm 61 is arranged longitudinally along the vehicle body, with one end connected to a spherical node 1 and the other end connected to a second node shaft 5 via a connecting node. The main connecting arm 61 can bear the main longitudinal positioning stiffness during vehicle operation. All offset connecting arms 62 are connected to the same side of the main connecting arm 61 and are respectively connected to the second node shaft 5 via several connecting nodes. This structural arrangement optimizes the space between the frame 100 and the axle, reasonably avoiding wheel clearance in a compact installation space; on the other hand, referring to... Figure 1The bogie primary positioning system layout shown has four wishbone structures 300 installed on the front and rear sides of the crossbeam. All offset connecting shafts of the wishbone 6 of each wishbone structure 300 are symmetrically arranged in opposite directions along the axis of the bogie, thereby ensuring that the force on both sides of the bogie is balanced. During the rolling and heave movements of the vehicle, the system can release the displacement of the lateral height difference or the displacement generated along the lateral direction of the bogie in a timely and reliable manner, thereby improving the stability of vehicle operation.

[0059] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the fork arm 6 is configured in an H-shape. The fork arm 6 includes a main connecting arm 61 and an offset connecting arm 62. One end of the offset connecting arm 62 is connected to the outside of the main connecting arm 61, allowing the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 to guide displacement laterally outwards towards the vehicle body. Furthermore, based on the aforementioned primary positioning system layout of the bogie, in the symmetrically arranged, oppositely positioned fork arm structures 300, the offset connecting arm 62 of each fork arm 6 is connected to the outside of the main connecting arm 61. This allows for the release of displacement laterally outwards towards the vehicle body during roll and heave movements, ensuring balanced force distribution across the primary positioning system and ultimately achieving stable overall bogie operation.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, the main connecting arm 61 of the fork arm 6 is connected to the first connecting node 2 via a first connecting bushing 21. The offset connecting arm 62 is connected to the second connecting node 3 via a second connecting bushing 31. That is, the first connecting bushing 21 and the second connecting bushing 31 are respectively constructed at the ends of the main connecting arm 61 and the offset connecting arm 62 of the fork arm 6 to ensure reliable connection with the second node shaft 5.

[0061] In some specific embodiments, the first connecting node 2 and the second connecting node 3 include two sets of inclined laminated rubber bodies 13. The two sets of laminated rubber bodies 13 are respectively vulcanized and molded between the first connecting bushing 21 and the second node shaft 5, and between the second connecting bushing 31 and the second node shaft 5. The structure of the laminated rubber body 13 at the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 is basically the same as that of the laminated rubber body 13 in the spherical node 1, but the setting direction and installation structure are slightly different. The similarities will be described in detail later. The difference is that the two sets of laminated rubber bodies 13 at the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 specifically include a first laminated rubber 22 and a second laminated rubber 32. The first laminated rubber 22 is inclinedly molded between the first connecting bushing 21 and the second mounting position on the inner side of the second node shaft 5, and the second laminated rubber 32 is inclined in the opposite direction between the second connecting bushing 31 and the second mounting position on the outer side of the second node shaft 5. To provide sufficient positioning stiffness in the corresponding directions for the two laminated rubber bodies 13, it is preferable that both the first connecting sleeve 21 and the second connecting sleeve 31 are provided with annular sleeves and abutment plates. The annular sleeves are axially fitted over the laminated rubber bodies, and one end of the abutment plate is connected to the annular sleeve, while the other end abuts against the lowest end of the laminated rubber bodies. Since the inclination direction of the first laminated rubber body 22 is opposite to the inclination direction of the second laminated rubber body 32, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the first connecting bushing 21 and the second connecting bushing 31 are arranged in opposite directions. Preferably, the lowest end of the first laminated rubber 22 and the lowest end of the second laminated rubber 32 are located facing each other.

[0062] It should be noted that the structure of the above specific embodiment is based on the optimal selection of multi-dimensional positioning stiffness and displacement release in the corresponding directions of the primary positioning system obtained through mechanical topology optimization and analysis. Understandably, the positions of the first and second mounting positions can be interchanged, or all second mounting positions can be located inside the first mounting position. The tilting direction of the two sets of laminated rubber bodies 13 can be tilted to the same side or in opposite directions, as long as it satisfies the requirement of providing reasonable positioning stiffness and displacement release in all directions for the fork arm structure 300 and the primary positioning system according to the following mechanical analysis.

[0063] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the laminated rubber body 13 is a multi-layered, sheet-like annular rubber structure. Specifically, the laminated rubber body 13 includes rubber layers and partitions. Several rubber layers are stacked in a planar manner, and partitions are installed between adjacent rubber layers. The partitions provide positioning stiffness and support between the multiple rubber layers, improving the overall load-bearing capacity and strength of the laminated rubber body 13.

[0064] For example Figure 4 and Figure 5 The laminated rubber body 13 shown is connected between the baffle of the fixed sleeve 14 and the transverse end face of the first bushing 11. The axial direction of the laminated rubber body 13 at this position is coaxial or parallel to the axial direction of the first node shaft 4, so as to provide more balanced and reliable positioning stiffness in the corresponding direction. Furthermore, the laminated rubber body 13 at this position is provided with two rubber layers, with a rigid annular partition fixed between the two rubber layers. The two rubber layers are respectively connected to the baffle and the transverse end face of the first bushing 11.

[0065] For example Figure 6 The two sets of laminated rubber shown are respectively connected between the connecting bushing and the mounting shaft section 52 at corresponding positions of the second node shaft 5, and the axial direction of the laminated rubber at this position is relatively inclined to the axial direction of the second node shaft 5. The laminated rubber at this position has three rubber layers, with a rigid annular partition fixed between adjacent rubber layers, and the axial direction of the annular partition is coaxial or parallel to the axial direction of the laminated rubber. The outermost and innermost rubber layers of the laminated rubber at this position are respectively fixedly formed to the connecting bushing and the mounting shaft section 52.

[0066] Based on the specific structure of the spherical node 1 and the connecting node, the following details the role of the fork arm structure 300 in the floating, rolling and lateral translation motions generated during vehicle operation, as well as the principles for achieving lateral and longitudinal positioning.

[0067] When the frame 100 undergoes a floating motion relative to the wheelset, both fork arm structures 300 connected to the same longitudinal end of the frame 100 undergo the same displacement. Specifically, taking the frame's downward movement and the displacement of one fork arm structure 300 as an example: the second node shaft 5 within the double-node structure at the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 of this fork arm structure 300 moves downward due to the downward movement of the frame 100, resulting in a relative counterclockwise rotation. Simultaneously, since the drive motor is connected to the frame 100, under the connection of the drive motor and the rotation of the second node shaft 5, the axle of the wheelset system 200 is driven, causing the fork arm structure 300 to rotate clockwise around the axle. Thus, the fork arm structure 300 provides rotational freedom at the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 through the second node shaft 5, and at the first connecting end, in conjunction with the connection between the drive motor and the frame, it drives the outer sleeve of the axle to rotate as a whole, thereby allowing the pair of fork arm structures 300 to release the degree of freedom of floating motion on both lateral sides of the frame.

[0068] When the frame 100 rolls relative to the wheelset, a pair of fork arm structures 300 connected at the same longitudinal end of the frame 100 undergo opposite displacements. Specifically, taking the displacement of a pair of fork arm structures 300 as an example: the second node shaft 5 of the fork arm 6 of one fork arm structure 300 moves downward and rotates counterclockwise due to the torsion of the frame 100; similarly, the second node shaft 5 of the other fork arm structure 300 moves upward and rotates clockwise due to the torsion of the frame 100. This displacement causes one of the fork arm structures connected to the lateral sides of the same axle to rise while the other swings downward, while the axle remains unchanged (does not rotate). That is, when the frame 100 rolls, the rotation of the pair of fork arm structures 300 based on their respective first node shafts 4 releases the overall degree of freedom of the roll motion. Furthermore, based on the above principle, the fork arm structures 300 can release the vertical displacement difference formed on the left and right sides of the frame 100 due to the vehicle's roll, making the frame 100 more stable during vehicle operation.

[0069] When the frame 100 undergoes lateral translation relative to the wheelset, the pair of fork arm structures 300 connected at the same longitudinal end of the frame 100 both bear the load in the same lateral direction. Taking one of the fork arm structures 300 as an example, when the fork arm structure 300 is subjected to a lateral load, both nodes at the second connecting end of the fork arm 6 are subjected to a lateral load in the same direction, resulting in a rotational tendency with the second connecting end as the rotation center around the first connecting end. That is, under the action of the lateral load, the frame undergoes a lateral translational tendency relative to the wheelset, but the fork arm structure 300, due to the limitation of the first connecting end of the fork arm 6, causes the fork arm 6 to rotate with the first connecting end as the rotation center. Based on the above-mentioned lateral load situation, the spherical node 1, the first connecting node 2, and the second connecting node 3 connected on the fork arm 6 form a triangular structure. The deflection stiffness of the laminated rubber body 13 and the radial stiffness of the first laminated rubber 22 and the second laminated rubber 32 deform with the above-mentioned triangular structure, jointly providing lateral positioning stiffness. Specifically, the lateral positioning stiffness provided at each node position of the fork arm 6 is as follows: For the second connecting end of the fork arm 6, refer to Figure 6As shown, the second node shaft 5 provides limiting and positioning stiffness during the lateral load. The first laminated rubber 22 of the first connecting node 2 and the second laminated rubber 32 of the second connecting node 3 will both be subjected to pressure and undergo radial deformation at corresponding positions, thereby providing lateral positioning stiffness opposite to the rotational trend of the fork arm 6. This causes the triangular structure formed by the fork arm structure 300 to return to its original position, resisting the lateral translation of the frame. For the first connecting end of the fork arm 6, the spherical node 1, due to the nodal function of the first node shaft 4, can provide resistance to the rotational trend of the fork arm 6. Furthermore, utilizing the three-layer node structure formed by the spherical rubber body 12 and the laminated rubber body 13, a deflection stiffness opposite to the rotational trend of the fork arm 6 is generated at the first connecting end of the fork arm 6. That is, if the lateral load causes the first connecting end of the fork arm 6 to rotate clockwise, the spherical node 1 can generate positioning stiffness in the counterclockwise direction; the reverse is also true. The above describes the principle by which the fork arm structure 300 achieves lateral positioning during the lateral translation of the frame 100.

[0070] The principle behind the longitudinal positioning of the fork arm structure 300 is as follows: when the fork arm structure 300 is subjected to a longitudinal load, the first and second connecting ends of the fork arm 6 are subjected to a longitudinal series load. Taking the fork arm structure 300 bearing a load from front to back as an example, for the first connecting end of the fork arm 6, refer to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the longitudinal positioning stiffness of the spherical node 1 is mainly provided by the radial stiffness of the spherical rubber layer 122. For the second connecting end of the fork arm 6, refer to... Figure 6 As shown, both the first laminated rubber 22 of the first connecting node 2 and the second laminated rubber 32 of the second connecting node 3 have annular structures. Therefore, both sets of laminated rubbers bear the compression on the front side to provide longitudinal positioning stiffness. If the load direction is from back to front, then similarly, both sets of laminated rubbers bear the compression on the rear side to provide longitudinal positioning stiffness.

[0071] Therefore, it can be seen that, because the fork arm structure 300 described in this embodiment of the invention can realize the release of the degrees of freedom of heave motion, the release of the degrees of freedom of roll motion, and the balance of the height difference between the two sides of the frame in the primary suspension positioning structure, and can provide lateral positioning stiffness, longitudinal positioning stiffness, and vertical positioning stiffness, the primary suspension positioning structure formed by the fork arm structure 300 and the wheelset system 200 can replace the transmission axle box structure to achieve primary positioning. Furthermore, in the bogie using the fork arm structure 300, the connection between the drive motor and the frame 100 can be a node connection, a suspension connection, or a traditional connection via a mounting bracket. That is, the fork arm structure 300 described in this invention can be used in various connection structures between the drive motor and the frame 100, exhibiting very high versatility.

[0072] Based on the aforementioned fork arm structure 300, this embodiment of the invention also provides a bogie. The bogie includes a frame 100 and a wheelset system 200. The wheelset system 200 is connected to the frame 100 via the fork arm structure 300 described above. The specific connection structure has been described in detail above and will not be repeated here. Because it is equipped with the aforementioned fork arm structure 300, the bogie possesses at least all the advantages of the aforementioned fork arm structure 300, which will not be further elaborated here.

[0073] Based on the aforementioned fork arm structure 300, this embodiment of the invention also provides a rail vehicle. The rail vehicle includes the fork arm structure 300 as described above. Alternatively, the rail vehicle includes the bogie as described above. Because it is equipped with the aforementioned fork arm structure 300, the rail vehicle possesses at least all the advantages of the aforementioned fork arm structure 300, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fork arm structure, characterized in that, include: Fork arm; A spherical node is installed at the first connecting end of the fork arm and is suitable for connecting a wheelset system. The first connecting end of the fork arm constitutes a single-arm end. The spherical node includes nested and connected spherical rubber bodies and laminated rubber bodies. The laminated rubber bodies are nested on both sides of the spherical rubber bodies, so that the spherical node forms a double-nested structure of rubber nodes at the single-arm end of the fork arm. At least two connection nodes are installed at the second connection end of the fork arm, which is suitable for connecting the frame, and the second connection end of the fork arm constitutes a multi-arm end; each of the connection nodes is arranged at a lateral interval along the vehicle body, and all the connection nodes at the second connection end of the fork arm are connected to the same shaft.

2. The fork arm structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spherical node includes: The first node axle is adapted to connect the wheelset system; A pair of the laminated rubber bodies are respectively sleeved on both ends of the first node shaft; The spherical rubber body is vulcanized and formed on the first node shaft and sandwiched between a pair of laminated rubber bodies.

3. The fork arm structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spherical rubber body includes: The housing is sleeved outside the first node shaft and interference-fitted into the first bushing, which is located at the first connecting end of the fork arm. A spherical rubber layer is formed in a spherical shape between the first node shaft and the shell.

4. The fork arm structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spherical node also includes a pair of fixing sleeves, which are respectively fitted onto both ends of the first node shaft, and each fixing sleeve is connected to the corresponding side of the first bushing through the laminated rubber body.

5. The fork arm structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixing sleeve includes a bushing segment and a baffle. The bushing segment is arranged axially along the first node shaft and fitted onto the end of the first node shaft. The baffle is radially connected to the bushing segment along the first node shaft. The laminated rubber body is vulcanized and formed between the baffle and the first bushing.

6. The fork arm structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fork arm structure also includes a second node shaft, which is arranged laterally along the vehicle body. The second node shaft is connected to the second connecting end of the fork arm through at least two of the connecting nodes, and the second node shaft is adapted to connect to the frame. Each of the connecting nodes has a laminated rubber body formed between it and the second node axis.

7. The fork arm structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fork arm includes: A main connecting arm is arranged longitudinally along the vehicle body. One end of the main connecting arm is connected to the spherical node, and the other end of the main connecting arm is connected to the second node shaft through a connecting node. At least one biased connecting arm, all of which are connected to the same side of the main connecting arm and are respectively connected to the second node axis through a plurality of the connecting nodes.

8. The fork arm structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fork arm includes a main connecting arm and an offset connecting arm, one end of which is connected to the outside of the main connecting arm; the main connecting arm is connected to a first connecting node via a first connecting bushing, and the offset connecting arm is connected to a second connecting node via a second connecting bushing. The first connecting node and the second connecting node include two sets of inclined laminated rubber bodies, which are respectively vulcanized and formed between the first connecting bushing and the second node shaft, and between the second connecting bushing and the second node shaft.

9. The fork arm structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The laminated rubber body includes rubber layers and partitions. Several rubber layers are stacked in a planar manner, and partitions are laid between adjacent rubber layers.

10. A bogie, characterized in that, include: Framework; The wheelset system is connected to the frame via a forklift structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

11. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the wishbone structure as described in any one of claims 1-9; or, it includes the bogie as described in claim 10.

Images