An evaluation method for the effect of anti-weathering reinforcement on the surface of earthen sites

Abstract

The present invention proposes an evaluation method for the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins. At present, the evaluation method for the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins has always been a technical problem that there is a great lack of such a method. The implementation method of the present invention is as follows: calculating the improvement rate of the surface characteristic index of the earthen ruins before and after reinforcement, determining the score of the surface characteristic index of the earthen ruins according to the improvement rate, selecting at least one characteristic index, and judging the relationship between the weighted sum of the scores of all the surface characteristic indexes of the earthen ruins and a preset threshold, thereby determining the reinforcement effect. By comparing the improvement rate of the corresponding index of the surface characteristic of the earthen ruins before and after reinforcement, the effect after reinforcement can be quantitatively and finely managed to confirm whether the effect after reinforcement meets the requirements. The present invention scientifically and accurately evaluates the actual effect of the anti-weathering reinforcement of the surface of the earthen ruins, provides strong support for the subsequent protection and restoration of the ruins, and provides an important basis for the decision-making of the cultural relics protection work, and helps decision-makers to formulate more scientific and reasonable protection plans and measures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of earthen site disease control, and in particular to an evaluation method for the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of an earthen site. Background Art

[0002] The weathering disease on the surface of the earthen sites directly caused the gradual disappearance of the earthen sites, and the surface weathering disease of the earthen sites continued to be finely managed. The weathering disease on the surface of the earthen sites is the result of the combined effects of water, temperature, salt and wind. As the surface soil becomes saturated and disintegrates under the action of rainfall, a slurry film is produced, which then falls off due to expansion and contraction caused by wind erosion and temperature changes. Although the flaky scabs initially formed on the surface of the earthen sites can protect the earthen sites from weathering, in the later development stage, due to the rapid rate of flaking and shedding, the flaking of the surface of the earthen sites is accelerated, resulting in the accelerated weathering rate of the surface of the earthen sites, which is the main disease of the weathering of the earthen sites. Therefore, the formation mechanism of the weathering disease on the surface of the earthen sites is a very complex process. Due to the complex formation of the causes, there are many measures to fundamentally control the weathering disease on the surface of the earthen sites. Each control measure has its advantages and disadvantages, so there is also a lack of relatively unified evaluation standards. At present, the measures for treating the surface weathering of earthen sites include chemical reinforcement, that is, the infiltration of chemical materials into the surface of earthen sites, which meets the concept of earthen site protection and does not change the original state of earthen sites, but there is no unified standard for the effect detection after chemical reinforcement; there is also a new method of biological reinforcement using moss, which meets the concept of earthen site protection and does not change the original state of earthen sites, but there is no unified standard for the effect detection after chemical reinforcement. The existing anti-weathering reinforcement methods include physical methods (wetting back pressure on the surface of the site soil), chemical methods (chemical spraying, chemical dripping, electrochemical infiltration) and biological methods (planting moss and microbial induction method), which meet the concept of earthen site protection and do not change the original state of the site, but there is no unified standard for the effect detection after chemical reinforcement. After the treatment of weathering diseases in earthen sites, it is very important to evaluate the reinforcement effect. However, after the reinforcement of various methods, the evaluation method of the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen sites has been very lacking, which has seriously restricted the development of anti-weathering reinforcement technology for the surface of earthen sites.

[0003] The invention patent with application number 200810176034.0 discloses a non-destructive testing method for inspecting the reinforcement effect of earthen ruins, which includes an infrared thermal imager and a mobile lighting lamp for artificially heating the surface of the earthen ruins; analyzing the temperature change process over time to calculate the thermal inertia; then inversely calculating the elastic modulus of the soil based on the relationship between the thermal inertia and elastic modulus of the soil measured in advance, comparing the elastic modulus of the reinforced soil and the unreinforced soil, and evaluating the reinforcement effect. The above invention can conduct non-destructive testing and quantitative analysis on the quality assessment and effect judgment after the implementation of protection measures on earthen ruins; it has an important guiding role in the application and promotion of existing anti-weathering reinforcement materials and standardized construction processes. However, the above invention does not provide a specific evaluation standard. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problem that the evaluation method of the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen sites has always been very lacking, the present invention proposes an evaluation method for the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen sites. By comparing the improvement rate of the corresponding indicators of the surface characteristics of the earthen sites before and after reinforcement, and comparing the improvement rate of the fixed indicators before and after reinforcement, the effect after reinforcement can be quantitatively and finely managed to confirm whether the effect after reinforcement meets the requirements. For example, for a certain indicator, the confirmation standard is that the improvement of 50% after reinforcement meets the requirements, and it is unqualified if it does not reach 50%; or the confirmation standard is that the improvement of 20% after reinforcement is qualified, reaching 30% is good, 40% is good, and more than 50% is excellent.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a method for evaluating the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of an earthen site, calculating the improvement rate of the surface characteristic indicators of the earthen site before and after reinforcement, determining the score of the surface characteristic indicators of the earthen site according to the improvement rate, selecting at least one characteristic indicator, and judging the relationship between the weighted sum of the scores of all the surface characteristic indicators of the earthen site and a preset threshold, thereby determining the reinforcement effect.

[0006] Preferably, the surface characteristic indicators of the earthen site include direct indicators and indirect indicators. The direct indicators include: temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate, permeability loss rate, surface hardness improvement rate, color difference value, wind and sand erosion resistance improvement rate and rain erosion resistance improvement rate; the indirect indicators include: elastic wave velocity improvement rate, penetration resistance improvement rate and waterlogging resistance disintegration improvement rate.

[0007] Preferably, when the difference in water content between the surface layer of the earthen site before and after reinforcement is less than 1%, the values ​​of characteristic indicators of the surface layer of the earthen site before and after reinforcement are tested.

[0008] Preferably, the surface hardness improvement rate is:

[0009]

[0010] Where: c is the hardness improvement rate, H 天然 In order to strengthen the natural hardness of the former ruins soil, H 加固 The hardness of the soil of the site after reinforcement to prevent weathering;

[0011] The color difference value is obtained by substituting the difference between the color space value of the target area before reinforcement and the color space value of the target area after reinforcement into the CIE color difference formula;

[0012] The temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate is:

[0013] Δε=ε 0 -ε T ;

[0014] Where: Δε is the temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate; ε 0 is the deformation expansion and contraction rate of the site soil sample before reinforcement at T degrees Celsius; ε T is the deformation expansion and contraction rate of the reinforced ruins soil sample at T degrees Celsius;

[0015] The air permeability loss rate is:

[0016] Δξ=ξ 0 -ξ t

[0017] Where: Δξ is the air permeability loss rate; ξ 0 is the air permeability of the site soil sample before reinforcement; t is the air permeability of the reinforced site soil sample at time t.

[0018] Preferably, the wind and sand erosion resistance improvement rate is:

[0019]

[0020] Where: d is the improvement rate of wind and sand erosion resistance, V 天然 V is the volume lost after the in-situ wind and sand erosion test in the target area of ​​the natural ruins before reinforcement. 加固 The volume lost after the in-situ wind and sand erosion test of the target area of ​​the site soil after weathering reinforcement;

[0021] The anti-rain erosion improvement rate is:

[0022]

[0023] Where, e is the rain erosion resistance improvement rate, R 天然 is the volume lost after the in-situ rain erosion test in the target area of ​​the natural ruins before reinforcement, R 加固 The volume lost after the in-situ rain erosion test in the target area of ​​the site soil after anti-weathering reinforcement.

[0024] Preferably, the elastic wave velocity increase rate is:

[0025]

[0026] Where: a is the elastic wave velocity increase rate, S 天然 is the natural wave velocity of the earthen site soil before surface reinforcement, S 加固 The wave velocity of the site soil after weathering reinforcement;

[0027] The penetration resistance improvement rate is specifically:

[0028]

[0029] Where: b is the penetration resistance increase rate, P 天然 In order to strengthen the natural penetration resistance of the former ruins soil, P 加固 To prevent weathering and reinforce the site soil penetration resistance;

[0030] The anti-water disintegration improvement rate is:

[0031]

[0032] Where: η is the improvement rate of anti-water disintegration, M 天然 is the disintegration rate of the soil sample of the natural ruins before reinforcement, M 加固 The disintegration rate of the soil sample of the site after anti-weathering reinforcement.

[0033] Preferably, the natural wave speed S 天然 and wave speed S 加固 The measurement method is: use a sonicator to test the target area before or after reinforcement for multiple times, and take the average of the results as the final calculation result; the distance between the sonic transmitter and the receiver of the sonicator is 15cm to 20cm;

[0034] The natural penetration resistance P 天然 and penetration resistance P 加固 The measurement method is: use the bearing capacity penetrometer to test the target area before or after reinforcement multiple times, and take the average value of the results as the final calculation result;

[0035] The natural hardness H 天然 or hardness H 加固 The measurement method is: use a hardness tester to test the target area in situ and after reinforcement multiple times, and take the average value of the results as the final calculation result;

[0036] The temperature range of the deformation expansion and contraction test sample is -40℃~80℃;

[0037] The color difference value is calculated by using a colorimeter to test the same point of the unreinforced target area 5 times to obtain the color space value L of the unreinforced sample. i1 * ,a i1 * ,b i1 * , where i1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the average value of the chromaticity space is calculated; the original color measurement points of the target area after reinforcement are tested again 5 times using a colorimeter to obtain the average value of the chromaticity space again, and the color difference value △E is calculated according to the CIE color difference formula;

[0038] The calculation method of the air permeability is air permeability Where A is the water vapor permeability area of ​​the sample; the cumulative water loss rate is Where M t M is the total mass of the water storage bottle at time t in the air permeability test; 0 M is the total mass of the water storage bottle at the initial moment of the air permeability test; w It is the mass of water in the water storage bottle at the initial moment of the air permeability test;

[0039] The method for implementing the disintegration test of the ruins soil sample is as follows: natural ruins soil and weathering-resistant reinforced ruins soil are selected to make samples, the samples are dried and weighed to obtain a mass A; the samples are placed in a mesh with a mesh diameter of 5 mm and completely immersed in a test box filled with water glass for 5 to 10 minutes; the remaining samples on the mesh are taken out and dried, and the mass thereof is measured to be B; the disintegration mass of the soil per unit time is calculated as AB / disintegration time, and the disintegration rate can be obtained;

[0040] The operating steps for the air permeability test of the samples of the ruins soil before or after reinforcement are as follows:

[0041] 1) Make the soil in the target area into a cylindrical sample, stick a thin layer of vaseline on one side of the isolation pad, and then stick the isolation pad to the edge of the sample;

[0042] 2) Apply a thin layer of vaseline on the mouth of the water storage bottle, and then weigh the mass of the water storage bottle M1;

[0043] 3) Pour 80 mm of water into the water storage bottle, place the sample with the isolation pad at the mouth of the water storage bottle, so that the isolation pad fits perfectly with the mouth of the water storage bottle, and weigh to obtain the total mass M of the water storage bottle at the initial moment. 0 , calculate the mass M of water in the water storage bottle at the initial moment w =M 0 -M1;

[0044] 4) Place the water storage bottle and the specimen under preset temperature and humidity conditions for the air permeability test. When the preset air permeability time is reached, remove the specimen with the isolation pad and weigh the total mass M of the water storage bottle and the water. t 。

[0045] Preferably, the implementation method of the in-situ wind-sand erosion test is as follows: ① Use a three-dimensional scanner to record the data of the target area of wind-sand erosion; ② Use a wind-sand erosion machine to conduct wind-sand erosion on the target area, and control the speed of the wind-sand blowing on the target to be the local maximum wind speed; ③ Mark the contour line of the wind-sand erosion area; ④ Use a three-dimensional scanner to record the data of the target area after the wind-sand erosion ends, and obtain the eroded volume of the site soil before and after the wind-sand erosion according to the contour lines of the area before and after the wind-sand erosion; ⑤ Subtract the eroded volume of the site soil after the wind-sand erosion from the eroded volume of the site soil before the wind-sand erosion to obtain the volume of the site soil eroded by the wind-sand.

[0046] The implementation method of the in-situ rain erosion test is as follows: ① Use a three-dimensional scanner to record the data of the rain erosion target area to obtain the eroded volume of the site soil before the rain erosion; ② Use a rain erosion machine to conduct rain erosion on the target area, and implement the rain erosion experiment according to the measured rainfall and rainfall duration of the continuous rainy days in summer in the place where the test target area is located; ③ Mark the contour line of the rain erosion area; ④ Use a three-dimensional scanner to record the data of the target area after the rain erosion ends to obtain the eroded volume of the site soil after the rain erosion; ⑤ Subtract the eroded volume of the site soil after the rain erosion from the eroded volume of the site soil before the rain erosion to obtain the volume of the site soil eroded by the rain.

[0047] Preferably, the method for determining the score of the surface characteristic index of the earthen site according to the promotion rate is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] Where: a1-a9, b1-b9, c1-c9, d1-d9, e1-e9, f1-f9 are values determined according to specific actual situations; and ai < bi < ci < di < ei < fi, i = 1-9, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v are the specific scores of the surface hardness promotion rate, color difference value, anti-wind-sand erosion promotion rate, anti-rain erosion promotion rate, air permeability difference rate, thermal expansion coefficient difference rate, elastic wave velocity promotion rate, penetration resistance promotion rate, and anti-infiltration and disintegration promotion rate characteristic indexes respectively.

[0050] Preferably, any one of the methods for determining the reinforcement effect by judging the relationship between the weighted sum of the scores of all the surface characteristic indexes of the earthen site and the preset threshold is as follows:

[0051] For one or more of the single scores in the single characteristic index exceeding a certain value, the reinforcement effect meets the requirements;

[0052] Score y for direct indicators 直接 =m+n+o+p+r+s exceeds a certain value, and the reinforcement effect meets the requirements;

[0053] Calculate the total score y of the feature index 总 =(m+n+o+p+r+s)×α+(t+u+v)×βy 总 The value of 总 Find review results:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Among them: α and β are the score coefficients of direct indicators and indirect indicators respectively; g, h, j, k, l, w, x and z are values ​​determined according to specific actual conditions.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention evaluates the reinforcement effect of the surface of the earthen site that has been treated with surface anti-weathering reinforcement, specifically by comparing the improvement ratio of the characteristic indicators of the surface of the earthen site before and after reinforcement; the characteristic indicators for evaluating the surface reinforcement area of ​​the earthen site included therein include: elastic wave velocity improvement rate, penetration resistance improvement rate, surface hardness improvement rate, color difference value, wind and sand erosion resistance improvement rate, rain erosion resistance improvement rate, and waterlogging and disintegration resistance improvement rate. The invention scientifically and accurately evaluates the actual effect of the surface anti-weathering reinforcement of the earthen site, provides strong support for subsequent site protection and restoration work, and provides an important basis for decision-making on cultural relics protection work, helping decision makers to formulate more scientific and reasonable protection plans and measures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] A method for evaluating the effect of anti-weathering reinforcement on the surface of an earthen site, the method is to evaluate the reinforcement effect of the surface of the earthen site that has been treated with anti-weathering reinforcement, specifically to compare the improvement ratio of the characteristic indicators of the surface of the earthen site before and after reinforcement; the characteristic indicators of the evaluation of the surface reinforcement area of ​​the earthen site included in it, direct indicators include: temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate, air permeability loss rate, surface hardness improvement rate, color difference value, wind and sand erosion resistance improvement rate, rain erosion resistance improvement rate; indirect indicators include: elastic wave velocity improvement rate, penetration resistance improvement rate, and waterlogging and disintegration resistance improvement rate. During the evaluation test, it is necessary to ensure that the difference between the water content of the measured area of ​​the earthen site and the natural water content is less than 1%. The natural water content of the soil in the unreinforced area is determined according to the method of determining the soil water content by geotechnical test. After waiting for reinforcement, the water content of the reinforced area is determined by the same method. When the difference between the water content of the two is less than 1%, the corresponding indicator test work can be implemented. The score of the surface characteristic index of the earthen site is determined according to the improvement ratio, at least one characteristic index is selected, and the relationship between the score and the preset threshold is judged to determine the reinforcement effect.

[0060] The characteristic indicators are independent and do not affect each other. There is no need to care about the previous and subsequent detection steps. Each detection only needs to target a different area. Different areas will not interfere with each other when the characteristic indicators are detected.

[0061] Directly divide the experimental target area for the reinforced and well-maintained soil, and directly carry out in-situ target areas for the target areas, and conduct in-situ wind and sand erosion tests and in-situ rain erosion tests on the natural site soil and the site soil after weathering reinforcement, respectively, to obtain the volume of the site soil eroded by wind and sand and rain erosion, and calculate the wind and sand erosion resistance improvement rate and rain erosion resistance improvement rate respectively. Prepare samples for the target area, and conduct in-situ water immersion disintegration and air permeability tests on the samples before and after reinforcement, respectively, to obtain the disintegration rate and cumulative water loss rate before and after reinforcement, and calculate the water immersion disintegration improvement rate and air permeability loss rate respectively.

[0062] The elastic wave velocity increase rate is specifically:

[0063]

[0064] Where: a is the elastic wave velocity increase rate, S 天然 is the natural wave velocity of the earthen site before surface reinforcement, S 加固 The wave velocity of the site soil after weathering reinforcement. Using an acoustic wave meter, the original and reinforced target areas were tested multiple times, and the average of the results was taken as the final calculation result, which is the natural wave velocity S of the site soil. 天然 and wave speed S 加固 When using the sonic instrument to test the wave velocity of the soil at the site, the distance between the sonic transmitter and the receiver is selected to be in the range of 15cm to 20cm. This test distance is more accurate and more suitable for earthen sites.

[0065] The elastic wave velocity indirectly represents the strength of the reinforced body. The higher the elastic wave velocity, the greater the strength. The greater the strength than before, the better the overall structure, which is exactly the desired reinforcement effect.

[0066] The penetration resistance improvement rate is specifically:

[0067]

[0068] Where: b is the penetration resistance increase rate, P 天然 In order to strengthen the natural penetration resistance of the former ruins soil, P 加固 To determine the penetration resistance of the site soil after weathering reinforcement, the bearing capacity penetrometer was used to test the original and reinforced target areas multiple times, and the average of the results was taken as the final calculation result.

[0069] The penetration resistance indirectly represents the strength of the reinforced body. The greater the penetration resistance, the greater the strength. The greater the strength than before, the better the overall structure, which is exactly the desired reinforcement effect.

[0070] The hardness improvement rate is specifically:

[0071]

[0072] Where: c is the hardness improvement rate, H 天然 is the natural hardness of the site soil before reinforcement, H 加固 To prevent weathering and strengthen the hardness of the site soil, a hardness tester was used to test the original and reinforced target areas for many times. 天然 Or the hardness of the site soil after weathering reinforcement H 加固 The average of the results is taken as the final calculation result.

[0073] The surface hardness of the soil is improved after reinforcement, and the score is determined by quantifying the improvement rate for evaluation.

[0074] The calculation method of the color difference value is:

[0075] ① Use a colorimeter to test the same point (marked) in the unreinforced target area 5 times to obtain the color space value (L i * ,a i * ,b i * , where i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), calculate the average chromaticity (L * ,a * ,b * ).

[0076] The marking is achieved by non-destructively representing the boundary of the area to be reinforced (unreinforced sample), such as spraying a volatile non-polluting marking material.

[0077] ②Use the same method as step ① to test the original color points (marked points) of the target area after reinforcement 5 times again, and obtain the average chromaticity space value again, and calculate the color difference value △E according to the 1976 CIE color difference formula.

[0078] ③ Compare the color difference value △E with the allowable color difference range to determine whether the color difference is qualified. Table 1 shows the corresponding relationship between the degree of discoloration and the color change grade.

[0079] Table 1 Discoloration degree and discoloration grade

[0080] grade Discoloration degree Color difference value △E 0 No change ≤1.5 1 Very slight discoloration 1.6-3.0 2 Slight discoloration 3.1-6.03 3 Obvious discoloration 6.1-9.0 4 Big color change 9.1-12.0 5 Severe discoloration >12.1

[0081] The degree of discoloration is determined by the color difference value. The concept of cultural relic protection and reinforcement is to keep the original state of the cultural relic after reinforcement to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the cultural relic. Therefore, the color difference of the site soil after reinforcement should be within a reasonable range compared with that before reinforcement.

[0082] The anti-wind and sand erosion improvement rate is specifically:

[0083]

[0084] Where: d is the improvement rate of wind and sand erosion resistance, V 天然 V is the volume lost after the in-situ wind and sand erosion test of the natural ruins before reinforcement. 加固 The volume lost after the in-situ wind and sand erosion test of the site soil after anti-weathering reinforcement.

[0085] The specific steps of the in-situ sand erosion test are as follows: ① Use a three-dimensional scanner to record data on the target area of ​​sand erosion. According to the actual situation on site, a square and relatively flat reinforced area with a side length of 30cm to 50cm is selected as the target area. ② Use a sand erosion machine to erode the target area. The speed of the sand erosion target is controlled to be the local maximum wind speed. Sand erosion simulates the erosion effect of the natural environment. Using the maximum wind speed is to meet the worst local conditions. The test is carried out under the worst conditions to achieve the desired results, and other erosion conditions with smaller wind speeds are also covered. ③ Mark the contour line of the area of ​​sand erosion. ④ Use a three-dimensional scanner to record data on the target area where the sand erosion ends. The three-dimensional scanner obtains the volume of the ruins soil eroded before and after the sand erosion. ⑤ Calculate the volume of the ruins soil eroded by sand.

[0086] The most direct and main cause of surface weathering is wind and sand erosion. Therefore, direct inspection through wind and sand erosion is the most direct and recognized method.

[0087] The anti-rain erosion improvement rate is specifically:

[0088]

[0089] Where: e is the rain erosion resistance improvement rate, R 天然 is the volume lost after the in-situ rain erosion test of the natural ruins before reinforcement, R 加固 The volume lost after the in-situ rain erosion test of the site soil after anti-weathering reinforcement.

[0090] The specific steps of the in-situ rain erosion test are as follows: ① Use a three-dimensional scanner to record data on the target area of ​​rain erosion. ② Use a rain erosion machine to rain erode the target area. Carry out the rain erosion experiment based on the measured rainfall and rainfall duration of continuous rain in summer in the test area. ③ Mark the contour line of the rain erosion area. ④ Use a three-dimensional scanner to record data on the target area where rain erosion ends. ⑤ Calculate the volume of the site soil eroded by rain.

[0091] The anti-water disintegration improvement rate is:

[0092]

[0093] Where: η is the improvement rate of anti-water disintegration, M 天然 is the disintegration rate of the soil sample of the natural ruins before reinforcement, M 加固 The disintegration rate of the soil sample of the site after anti-weathering reinforcement.

[0094] The method for implementing the disintegration test of the ruins soil sample is as follows: ① Select natural ruins soil and weathering-resistant reinforced ruins soil to make 3×3×6cm 3 ② The samples are used for disintegration experiments, and the moisture content of the soil is tested using conventional geotechnical test methods. The samples are dried and weighed. ② The samples are completely immersed in a glass test box filled with water and equipped with a 5mm mesh diameter filter for 5 to 10 minutes, which can fully meet the time required for disintegration. ③ Take out the remaining sample above the filter and dry it, and measure its mass. ④ Calculate the disintegration mass of the soil per unit time to get the disintegration rate. The specific implementation method is: prepare a transparent glass box of sufficient volume and fill it with enough water to submerge the test block; put in a filter with a 5mm mesh diameter; put a 3×3×6cm 3 Dry the sample and weigh the mass A, and put it into the colander for 5 to 10 minutes; take out the colander and the sample together, dry the sample, and weigh the mass B; AB is the mass that disappears after disintegration; disintegration rate = mass that disappears after disintegration / disintegration time.

[0095] In an open-air environment, earthen sites are inevitably eroded by rainwater. The disintegration of the soil in the site caused by rainwater cannot be ignored, resulting in the disappearance of the entity of the earthen site. Evaluating the improvement of reinforcement effect by the improvement rate of anti-immersion disintegration is a very simple and direct evaluation method, which is widely recognized.

[0096] The air permeability loss rate is:

[0097]

[0098] Where: Δξ is the air permeability loss rate; ξ 0 is the air permeability of the sample before reinforcement; t is the air permeability of the reinforced sample at time t; ξ is the air permeability; A is the water vapor permeability area of ​​the sample, that is, the inner diameter circle area of ​​the isolation pad; the cumulative water loss rate

[0099]

[0100] Where M t is the total mass of the water storage bottle at time t; M 0 is the total mass of the water storage bottle at the initial moment; M w is the mass of water in the water bottle at the initial moment.

[0101] Among them, the permeability test of the in-situ or reinforced soil is carried out, and the test operation steps are as follows:

[0102] 1) Make a cylindrical sample model of the soil in the target area with a diameter of 61.8mm and a height of 30mm. The inner diameter of the isolation pad is 50mm and the outer diameter is 62mm. Stick a thin layer of vaseline on one side of the isolation pad and stick the isolation pad to the edge of the sample.

[0103] 2) Apply a thin layer of Vaseline on the mouth of the water bottle, and then weigh the mass of the water bottle.

[0104] 3) Pour 80 mm of water into the water storage bottle, place the sample with the isolation pad at the mouth of the water storage bottle, so that the isolation pad fits the mouth of the water storage bottle completely. The diameter of the water storage bottle is 61.8 mm and the height is 130 mm. The total mass M of the water storage bottle at the initial moment is obtained. 0 , calculate the mass M of water in the water storage bottle at the initial moment w .

[0105] 4) Place the water storage bottle and the sample under the preset temperature and humidity conditions for air permeability test. When the preset air permeability time is reached, remove the sample with the isolation pad and weigh the total mass M of the water storage bottle and water. t .

[0106] 5) According to the above formula, first calculate the water loss rate θ, then calculate the air permeability ξ of each sample, and finally calculate the air permeability loss rate Δξ.

[0107] The temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate:

[0108] Δε=ε 0 -ε T

[0109] Where: Δε is the temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate; ε 0 is the deformation expansion and contraction rate of the sample at T degrees Celsius before reinforcement; ε T It is the deformation expansion and contraction rate of the reinforced sample under the condition of T degrees Celsius. The temperature range of the experimental test sample is set at -40℃~80℃.

[0110] The scores of the surface characteristic indicators of the earthen ruins are determined according to the improvement rate of the surface characteristic indicators of the earthen ruins. The total score is obtained by weighted average of the scores of one or more surface characteristic indicators of the earthen ruins. It is judged whether the total score exceeds the preset threshold and the reinforcement effect of the surface of the earthen ruins is determined according to the score value.

[0111] The scores of the surface characteristic indicators of each earthen site are determined according to the characteristic indicator evaluation score table, as shown in Table 2.

[0112] Table 2 Feature index evaluation score table

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] y 直接 =m+n+o+p+r+s

[0116] y 总 =(m+n+o+p+r+s)×α+(t+u+v)×β

[0117] Among them, y 直接 is the score of the direct indicator; 总 is the total score of direct and indirect indicators, α and β are the score coefficients of direct and indirect indicators, and the custom coefficient is respectively.

[0118] a1, a2, …, a9 are values determined according to specific actual situations; b1, b2, …, b9 are values determined according to specific actual situations; c1, c2, …, c9 are values determined according to specific actual situations; d1, d2, …, d9 are values determined according to specific actual situations; e1, e2, …, e9 are values determined according to specific actual situations; f1, f2, …, f9 are values determined according to specific actual situations. And ai < bi < ci < di < ei < fi, i = 1 - 9, and the specific values are determined by the user according to their own needs. Among them, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v are the specific scores of the characteristic indicators of the surface hardness improvement rate, color difference value, anti-wind erosion improvement rate, anti-rain erosion improvement rate, air permeability difference rate, thermal expansion coefficient difference rate, elastic wave velocity improvement rate, penetration resistance improvement rate, and anti-infiltration and disintegration improvement rate respectively.

[0119] The method of the present invention can be evaluated using a single indicator or several indicators.

[0120] ①: For one or more of the single characteristic indicators, the single score must exceed a certain value, and the result meets the requirements.

[0121] ② For the score y of the direct indicator 直接 Must exceed a certain value, and the result meets the requirements.

[0122] Score 0～17 18～21 22～24 25～27 27～30 evaluate Difference Pass medium good excellent

[0123] ③ First, given the values of g, h, j, k, l, w, x, and z in the following table, and then according to the total score y 总 Value, look up the evaluation result correspondingly.

[0124] Score 0～g h~i j~k l～w x~z evaluate Difference Pass medium good excellent

[0125] Specific examples

[0126] Through experimental measurement, the measured results of each characteristic indicator are shown in Table 3.

[0127] Table 3 Measured results of each characteristic indicator

[0128]

[0129] Assign values to the scoring system of the characteristic indicators in Table 2, as shown in Table 4.

[0130] Table 4 Scoring assignments and measured result scores of each characteristic indicator

[0131]

[0132] Evaluation method 1: ①: For one or more individual scores of the individual characteristic indicators, the results must exceed a certain value, and the results meet the requirements.

[0133] For example, only the wind and sand resistance score of a single direct indicator ≥ 3 and the rain erosion resistance score ≥ 4 are required to meet the requirements. Actual results: The measured wind and sand resistance score = 4, and the rain erosion resistance score = 5, which fully meet the requirements.

[0134] Evaluation method two: ② The total score of the direct evaluation indicators must exceed a certain value and the results must meet the requirements.

[0135] Score 0～17 18～21 22～24 25～27 27～30 evaluate Difference Pass medium good excellent

[0136] For example, direct evaluation indicators can be evaluated through the above table. Actual results: The total score of direct evaluation indicators is 24 points, which is at the "medium" level.

[0137] Evaluation method three: ③ The total score must exceed a certain value and the result meets the requirements.

[0138] For example, applying y 总 =(m+n+o+p+r+s)×α+(t+u+v)×βThe total score calculated must be more than 18 points to meet the requirement.

[0139] Actual result: Total score = 21.2 points, which is greater than 18 points and fully meets the needs.

[0140] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the effect of anti-weathering reinforcement on the surface of earthen ruins, characterized in that: Calculate the degree of change of the surface characteristic index of the earthen site before and after reinforcement, determine the score of the surface characteristic index of the earthen site according to the degree of change, judge the relationship between the sum or weighted sum of the scores of the surface characteristic index of the earthen site and the preset threshold, so as to determine the reinforcement effect; The surface characteristic indicators of the earthen site include direct indicators and indirect indicators. The direct indicators include: temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate, air permeability loss rate, surface hardness improvement rate, color difference value, wind and sand erosion resistance improvement rate and rain erosion resistance improvement rate; the indirect indicators include: elastic wave velocity improvement rate, penetration resistance improvement rate and waterlogging resistance disintegration improvement rate; The method for determining the relationship between the sum or weighted sum of the scores of the surface characteristic indicators of the earthen ruins and the preset threshold and determining the reinforcement effect is any one of the following: ① Score y for direct indicators 直接 =m+n+o+p+r+s exceeds a certain value, and the reinforcement effect meets the requirements; ② Calculate the total score y of the characteristic index 总 =(m+n+o+p+r+s)×α+(t+u+v)×β, according to the total score y 总 Find review results: Among them, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, and v are the specific scores of the characteristic indicators of surface hardness improvement rate, color difference value, wind and sand erosion resistance improvement rate, rain erosion resistance improvement rate, air permeability loss rate, temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate, elastic wave velocity improvement rate, penetration resistance improvement rate, and water-immersion disintegration resistance improvement rate, respectively; α and β are the score coefficients of direct indicators and indirect indicators, respectively; g, h, j, k, l, w, x, and z are values ​​determined according to specific actual conditions.

2. The method for evaluating the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the difference in moisture content between the surface of the earthen site before and after reinforcement is less than 1%, the values ​​of characteristic indicators of the surface of the earthen site before and after reinforcement are tested.

3. The method for evaluating the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The surface hardness improvement rate is: Where: c is the hardness improvement rate, H 天然 In order to strengthen the natural hardness of the former ruins soil, H 加固 The hardness of the soil of the site after reinforcement to prevent weathering; The color difference value is obtained by substituting the difference between the color space value of the target area before reinforcement and the color space value of the target area after reinforcement into the CIE color difference formula; The temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate is: Δε=ε0-ε T ; Where: Δε is the temperature expansion and contraction deformation difference rate; ε0 is the deformation expansion and contraction rate of the site soil sample before reinforcement under T degrees Celsius; ε T is the deformation expansion and contraction rate of the reinforced ruins soil sample at T degrees Celsius; The air permeability loss rate is: Δξ=ξ0-ξ t Where: Δξ is the air permeability loss rate; ξ0 is the air permeability of the site soil sample before reinforcement; t is the air permeability of the reinforced site soil sample at time t.

4. The method for evaluating the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The anti-wind and sand erosion improvement rate is: Where: d is the improvement rate of wind and sand erosion resistance, V 天然 V is the volume lost after the in-situ wind and sand erosion test in the target area of ​​the natural ruins before reinforcement. 加固 The volume lost after the in-situ wind and sand erosion test of the target area of ​​the site soil after weathering reinforcement; The anti-rain erosion improvement rate is: Where, e is the rain erosion resistance improvement rate, R 天然 is the volume lost after the in-situ rain erosion test in the target area of ​​the natural ruins before reinforcement, R 加固 The volume lost after the in-situ rain erosion test in the target area of ​​the site soil after anti-weathering reinforcement.

5. The method for evaluating the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins according to claim 4, characterized in that: The elastic wave velocity increase rate is: Where: a is the elastic wave velocity increase rate, S 天然 is the natural wave velocity of the earthen site soil before surface reinforcement, S 加固 The wave velocity of the site soil after weathering reinforcement; The penetration resistance improvement rate is specifically: Where: b is the penetration resistance increase rate, P 天然 In order to strengthen the natural penetration resistance of the former ruins soil, P 加固 To prevent weathering and reinforce the site soil penetration resistance; The anti-water disintegration improvement rate is: Where: η is the improvement rate of anti-water disintegration, M 天然 is the disintegration rate of the soil sample of the natural ruins before reinforcement, M 加固 The disintegration rate of the soil sample of the site after anti-weathering reinforcement.

6. The method for evaluating the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins according to claim 5, characterized in that: The natural wave speed S 天然 and wave speed S 加固 The measurement method is: use a sonicator to test the target area before or after reinforcement for multiple times, and take the average of the results as the final calculation result; the distance between the sonic transmitter and the receiver of the sonicator is 15cm to 20cm; The natural penetration resistance P 天然 and penetration resistance P 加固 The measurement method is: use the bearing capacity penetrometer to test the target area before or after reinforcement multiple times, and take the average value of the results as the final calculation result; The natural hardness H 天然 or hardness H 加固 The measurement method is: use a hardness tester to test the target area in situ and after reinforcement multiple times, and take the average value of the results as the final calculation result; The temperature range of the deformation expansion and contraction test sample is -40℃~80℃; The color difference value is calculated by using a colorimeter to test the same point of the unreinforced target area 5 times to obtain the color space value L of the unreinforced sample. i1 * ,a i1 * ,b i1 * , where i1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the average value of the chromaticity space is calculated; the original color measurement points of the target area after reinforcement are tested again 5 times using a colorimeter to obtain the average value of the chromaticity space again, and the color difference value △E is calculated according to the CIE color difference formula; The calculation method of the air permeability is: air permeability Where A is the water vapor permeability area of ​​the sample; the cumulative water loss rate is Where M t is the total mass of the water storage bottle at time t in the air permeability test; M0 is the total mass of the water storage bottle at the initial moment in the air permeability test; M w It is the mass of water in the water storage bottle at the initial moment of the air permeability test; The method for implementing the disintegration test of the ruins soil sample is as follows: natural ruins soil and weathering-resistant reinforced ruins soil are selected to make samples, the samples are dried and weighed to obtain a mass A; the samples are placed in a mesh with a mesh diameter of 5 mm and completely immersed in a test box filled with water glass for 5 to 10 minutes; the remaining samples on the mesh are taken out and dried, and the mass thereof is measured to be B; the disintegration mass of the soil per unit time is calculated as AB / disintegration time, and the disintegration rate can be obtained; The operating steps for the air permeability test of the samples of the ruins soil before or after reinforcement are as follows: 1) Make the soil in the target area into a cylindrical sample, stick a thin layer of vaseline on one side of the isolation pad, and then stick the isolation pad to the edge of the sample; 2) Apply a thin layer of vaseline on the mouth of the water storage bottle, and then weigh the mass of the water storage bottle M1; 3) Pour 80 mm of water into the water storage bottle, place the sample with the isolation pad at the mouth of the water storage bottle, so that the isolation pad fits perfectly with the mouth of the water storage bottle, weigh the total mass M0 of the water storage bottle at the initial moment, and calculate the mass M of the water in the water storage bottle at the initial moment w =M0-M1; 4) Place the water storage bottle and the sample under the preset temperature and humidity conditions for air permeability test. When the preset air permeability time is reached, remove the sample with the isolation pad and weigh the total mass M of the water storage bottle and water. t .

7. The method for evaluating the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins according to claim 4, characterized in that: The implementation method of the in-situ wind and sand erosion test is as follows: ① using a three-dimensional stereo scanner to record data of the target area of ​​wind and sand erosion; ② using a wind and sand erosion machine to erode the target area, and controlling the speed of the wind and sand erosion target to be the local maximum wind speed; ③ Mark the contour line of the area eroded by wind and sand; ④ Use a three-dimensional scanner to record data of the target area where wind and sand erosion ends, and obtain the volume of the site soil eroded before and after wind and sand erosion based on the regional contour lines before and after wind and sand erosion; ⑤ Subtract the volume of the site soil eroded by wind and sand erosion from the volume of the site soil eroded after wind and sand erosion to obtain the volume of the site soil eroded by wind and sand; The implementation method of the in-situ rain erosion test is as follows: ① Use a three-dimensional stereo scanner to record data on the rain erosion target area to obtain the volume of the ruins soil eroded before rain erosion; ② Use a rain erosion machine to rain erode the target area, and implement the rain erosion experiment based on the measured rainfall and rainfall duration of continuous rain in summer in the test target area; ③ Mark the contour line of the rain erosion area; ④ Use a three-dimensional stereo scanner to record data on the target area where rain erosion ends to obtain the volume of the ruins soil eroded after rain erosion; ⑤ Subtract the volume of the ruins soil eroded before rain erosion from the volume of the ruins soil eroded after rain erosion to obtain the volume of the ruins soil eroded by rain.

8. The method for evaluating the anti-weathering reinforcement effect of the surface of earthen ruins according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The method for determining the score of the surface characteristic index of the earthen site according to the degree of change is: Among them: a1-a9, b1-b9, c1-c9, d1-d9, e1-e9, f1-f9 are values ​​determined according to specific actual conditions; and ai <bi<ci<di<ei<fi,i=1-9。

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