A compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter wave terminals

Abstract

The application discloses a compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for a millimeter wave terminal, and particularly relates to the technical field of millimeter wave communication, and solves the technical problem that although in the millimeter wave frequency band, a dielectric resonator antenna has the advantages of small volume, high design freedom and low loss; however, the current millimeter wave end-fire dielectric resonator antenna is limited to single-polarized radiation; and the dielectric resonator antenna cannot be fully utilized while high integration is achieved; the technical scheme is that two orthogonal dielectric resonator modes of vertical polarization and horizontal polarization are adopted to work, and two polarizations share the same structure; the application can realize dual-polarized coverage, end-fire beam scanning in the millimeter wave frequency band, and has the excellent characteristics of low profile and small planar size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of millimeter-wave communication, and more specifically to a compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals. Background Technology

[0002] Today, fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication is rapidly developing globally to cope with the era of data explosion and the Internet of Things. For terminal devices, microwaves face limitations due to spectrum congestion and spatial constraints; in contrast, millimeter waves have significant advantages, including huge spectral bandwidth and low latency, providing significantly higher channel capacity. Therefore, there is increasing interest in millimeter wave antenna design; to reduce path attenuation and achieve wide-angle coverage, millimeter wave arrays with beam scanning capabilities are needed; furthermore, dual polarization is essential for achieving strong link robustness; compared with dual-polarized side-fire antennas, dual-polarized end-fire antennas can reduce interference from users' hands in practical use, which is of significant research value.

[0003] To date, numerous dual-polarized end-fire arrays with beam-scanning capabilities have been proposed, employing various techniques. However, in some designs, the vertical and horizontal polarization elements are designed separately, and the feeding structure or large clearance area results in a large planar dimension. Some designs utilize magnetoelectric dipole antennas; however, the inherent characteristics of electromagnetic dipole antennas result in a high profile. Some designs, due to slots in the metallic cavity used to generate horizontal polarization reflections, create structural asymmetry, leading to tilted radiation modes.

[0004] In the millimeter-wave band, dielectric resonator antennas have advantages such as small size, high design freedom, and low loss; however, current millimeter-wave end-fire dielectric resonator antennas are limited to single-polarization radiation, which makes it impossible to fully utilize the advantages of dielectric resonator antennas while achieving high integration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, this invention solves the technical problem that although existing dielectric resonator antennas have advantages such as small size, high design freedom, and low loss in the millimeter-wave band, current millimeter-wave end-fire dielectric resonator antennas are limited to single-polarization radiation. This results in the inability to fully utilize the advantages of dielectric resonator antennas while achieving high integration. This invention provides a compact dual-polarization end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals, which operates using two orthogonal dielectric resonator modes: vertical polarization and horizontal polarization. The two polarizations share the same structure, achieving dual-polarization coverage while enabling end-fire beam scanning in the millimeter-wave band, and also possessing excellent characteristics such as low profile and small planar size.

[0006] The inventive concept of this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals. The dual-polarized end-fire antenna element is constructed using printed circuit board technology and consists of a dielectric resonator and a cavity. The antenna operates using two orthogonal dielectric resonator modes: vertical polarization and horizontal polarization, with both polarizations sharing the same structure. Vertical polarization reflection is excited by open-cavity coupling, while horizontal polarization radiation is excited by a metal strip connected to a probe. Furthermore, to improve bandwidth, two orthogonal cavity modes are introduced and combined with the dielectric resonator modes to achieve dual-mode operation. The shared structure between vertical and horizontal polarization results in a compact size. Based on this, a four-element array was designed and fabricated, enabling beam scanning for both polarizations. The observed features demonstrate the promising potential of the proposed design for future 5G millimeter-wave terminal applications.

[0007] This invention provides a compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals, comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate, a fourth substrate, and a fifth substrate arranged sequentially from bottom to top; the third substrate has a feed metal strip for horizontal polarization radiation, and the fourth substrate, the third substrate, and the second substrate have metallized slots; the metallized slots have a square opening structure, wherein the portions extending from the left and right sides are used as antenna reflectors, and the metallized slots are connected to a first metal ground and a second metal ground, respectively; the metallized slots are used to construct an open metal cavity.

[0008] Preferably, the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together by a first adhesive layer, and the fourth substrate and the fifth substrate are bonded together by a second adhesive layer.

[0009] Preferably, the upper surface of the first adhesive layer is provided with a first metal ground with a circular slit, wherein the circular slit is used to avoid the first metal blind hole.

[0010] Preferably, the lower surface of the second adhesive layer is provided with a second metal ground with a circular slit, wherein the circular slit is used to avoid the second metal blind via. Both the first and second metal blind vias are blind vias created during the circuit board printing process.

[0011] Preferably, the lower surface of the first substrate is provided with a first microstrip feed line for horizontal polarization feeding.

[0012] Preferably, the first metal blind via is connected to the first microstrip feed line.

[0013] Preferably, the upper surface of the fifth substrate is provided with a second microstrip feed line for horizontal polarization feeding.

[0014] Preferably, the second metal blind via is connected to the second microstrip feed line.

[0015] Preferably, the second metal blind via is connected to the power supply metal strip. During the circuit board printing process, when the first metal blind via and the second metal blind via are formed, the first metal blind via can be connected to the first microstrip feed line when it contacts it; the second metal blind via can be connected to the second microstrip feed line and the power supply metal strip when it contacts them.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows:

[0017] 1. The present invention provides a compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals. The dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna unit adopts printed circuit board technology and is composed of a dielectric resonator and a cavity. The antenna maintains a compact structure and high integrity.

[0018] 2. The present invention provides a compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals. The antenna operates using two orthogonal dielectric resonator modes: vertical polarization and horizontal polarization. The two polarizations share the same structure. Vertical polarization reflection is excited by open-mouth coupling, while horizontal polarization radiation is excited by a metal strip connected to a probe.

[0019] 3. The compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals provided by this invention introduces two orthogonal cavity modes in order to improve bandwidth, and combines them with the dielectric resonator mode to achieve dual-mode operation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a unit structure diagram of the antenna of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the array structure of the antenna of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3a The simulation results of the reflection coefficient and gain of the antenna vertical polarization of this invention are shown in the figure.

[0024] Figure 3b The simulation results of the reflection coefficient and gain of the horizontal polarization of the antenna of this invention are shown in the figure.

[0025] Figure 4 a is a simulation pattern of the vertical polarization of the antenna of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 b is the simulated radiation pattern of the horizontal polarization of the antenna of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of the isolation between the antenna ports of the present invention;

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Second microstrip feed line; 2. Fifth substrate; 3. Second adhesive layer; 4. Second metal ground; 5. Fourth substrate; 6. Metallization trench; 7. Third substrate; 8. Second substrate; 9. First metal ground; 10. First adhesive layer; 11. First substrate; 13. First microstrip feed line; 14. Second metal blind via; 15. Powered metal strip; 16. First metal blind via. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] This invention provides a compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0032] A first substrate 11, a second substrate 8 located above the first substrate 11, a third substrate 7 located above the second substrate 8, a fourth substrate 5 located above the third substrate 7, a fifth substrate 2 located above the fourth substrate 5, and a feeding metal strip 15 for horizontal polarization radiation disposed on the third substrate 7. Metallization grooves 6 are formed on the fourth substrate 5, the third substrate 7, and the second substrate 8. The metallization grooves 6 are used to construct open metal cavities.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 8 are bonded together by the first adhesive layer 10, and the fourth substrate 5 and the fifth substrate 2 are bonded together by the second adhesive layer 3.

[0034] In this embodiment, the upper surface of the first adhesive layer 10 is provided with a first metal ground 9 having a circular gap, wherein the circular gap is used to avoid the first metal blind hole 16.

[0035] In this embodiment, a second metal ground 4 with a circular gap is provided on the lower surface of the second adhesive layer 3, wherein the circular gap is used to avoid the second metal blind hole 14.

[0036] In this embodiment, a first microstrip feed line 13 for horizontal polarization feeding is provided on the lower surface of the first substrate 11.

[0037] In this embodiment, the first metal blind via 16 is connected to the first microstrip feed line 13.

[0038] In this embodiment, a second microstrip feed line 1 for horizontal polarization feeding is provided on the upper surface of the fifth substrate 2.

[0039] In this embodiment, the second metal blind via 14 is connected to the second microstrip feed line 1.

[0040] In this embodiment, a power-feeding metal strip 15 is provided on the upper surface of the third substrate 7.

[0041] In this embodiment, the second metal blind hole 14 is connected to the power-feeding metal strip 15.

[0042] The second microstrip feed line 1, the second metal blind aperture 14, the feeding metal strip 15, and the metallized groove 6 together constitute the feeding structure for horizontal polarization; the first microstrip feed line 13, the first metal blind aperture 16, the second microstrip feed line 1, and the metallized groove 6 together constitute the feeding structure for vertical polarization. While achieving dual polarization coverage, it can also achieve end-fire beam scanning in the millimeter-wave band and has the excellent characteristics of low profile and small planar size, which is of great practical value.

[0043] The dual-polarized end-fire antenna unit utilizes printed circuit board technology and is constructed from a dielectric resonator and a cavity. The antenna operates using two orthogonal dielectric resonator modes: vertical and horizontal polarization, with both polarizations sharing the same structure. Vertical polarization reflection is excited by open-cavity coupling, while horizontal polarization radiation is excited by a metal strip connected to the probe. Furthermore, to improve bandwidth, two orthogonal cavity modes are introduced and combined with the dielectric resonator modes to achieve dual-mode operation. The shared structure for vertical and horizontal polarization results in a compact size. Based on this, a four-element array was designed and fabricated, enabling beam scanning for both polarizations, as follows: Figure 2 As shown above, the characteristics observed indicate that the proposed design is promising for future 5G millimeter-wave terminal applications.

[0044] Based on the above scheme, the following experiments were conducted in this application. The dielectric constant of the first substrate 11 and the fifth substrate 2 is 3.55, the loss angle is 0.0027, and the thickness is 0.203 mm. The dielectric constant of the second substrate 8, the third substrate 7, and the fourth substrate 5 is 6.15, the loss angle is 0.002, and the thicknesses are 1.25 mm, 0.625 mm, and 0.625 mm, respectively. The dielectric constant of the second adhesive layer 3 and the first adhesive layer 10 is 3.54, the loss angle is 0.004, and the thickness of each is 0.1 mm. The overall cross-sectional height is 2.926 mm (~0.23λ0@28GHz). The transmission response and radiation response of the antenna are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. Figure 4As shown, for S11≤-10dB, the vertical and horizontal polarization bandwidths are 26.1–29.9GHz and 26.3–29.7GHz, respectively, which shows that the n257 band (26.5–29.5GHz) is well covered, and the highest gain in the band is 10.3dBi and 10.3dBi, respectively. Figure 4 The images show the simulated antenna radiation patterns at 28 GHz for vertical and horizontal polarization, with the highest gains corresponding to 0 degrees and 25 degrees respectively, demonstrating good beam scanning performance. Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of the isolation between the various ports of the antenna, with the isolation between the ports being greater than 15dB.

[0045] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals, characterized in that, The system includes a first substrate (11), a second substrate (8), a third substrate (7), a fourth substrate (5), and a fifth substrate (2) arranged sequentially from bottom to top; a feeding metal strip (15) for horizontal polarization radiation is provided on the third substrate (7); metallization grooves (6) are respectively formed on the fourth substrate (5), the third substrate (7), and the second substrate (8); the metallization grooves (6) are used to construct open metal cavities; The lower surface of the first substrate (11) is provided with a first microstrip feed line (13) for vertical polarization feeding; The first metal blind via (16) is connected to the first microstrip feed line (13); The upper surface of the fifth substrate (2) is provided with a second microstrip feed line (1) for horizontal polarization feeding; The second metal blind via (14) is connected to the second microstrip feed line (1); The second metal blind hole (14) is connected to the feeding metal strip (15).

2. The compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first substrate (11) and the second substrate (8) are bonded together by the first adhesive layer (10), and the fourth substrate (5) and the fifth substrate (2) are bonded together by the second adhesive layer (3).

3. The compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the first adhesive layer (10) is provided with a first metal ground (9) with a circular slit, wherein the circular slit is used to avoid the first metal blind hole (16).

4. The compact dual-polarized end-fire dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave terminals according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower surface of the second adhesive layer (3) is provided with a second metal ground (4) with a circular slit, wherein the circular slit is used to avoid the second metal blind hole (14).

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