A coupled thermal management system that can achieve full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of battery safety technology, and discloses a coupled thermal management system that can achieve full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance, including a composite fiber-based phase change material, a composite cold plate shell, and a plurality of single cells, wherein the single cells are placed in a composite cold plate shell composed of a composite fiber-based phase change material and a modular liquid cooling channel, and a phase change fireproof plate composed of a composite fiber-based phase change material is provided between two adjacent composite cold plate shells, wherein the composite fiber-based phase change material is an inorganic phase change material, and the phase change temperature is 30°C to 50°C, and the chemical thermal decomposition temperature is 190°C to 220°C. The present invention can effectively utilize the phase change of the phase change material and the chemical heat storage dual-temperature section temperature control to perform full-temperature thermal management on the battery by combining the composite fiber-based phase change material with modular liquid cooling and wrapping the battery core, thereby preventing thermal runaway of the battery and effectively improving the safety performance of the battery module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of lithium-ion battery safety technology, and in particular to a coupled thermal management system capable of achieving full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance. Background Art

[0002] As the number of new energy vehicles in China continues to rise, the frequency of accidents involving new energy vehicles is also increasing. As the core of energy and power for new energy vehicles, the safety performance of power batteries has long become one of the most critical indicators in new energy vehicles, and the main cause of safety accidents in electric vehicles is thermal runaway of power batteries. Thermal runaway of power batteries is a chain reaction caused by the continuous heating of battery cells, usually induced by mechanical, electrical, thermal and other factors, which eventually leads to the spread of thermal runaway of batteries, causing safety accidents such as fires and explosions. Therefore, full-temperature thermal management of batteries to delay or block the spread of heat caused by thermal runaway of batteries is the primary prerequisite for power battery safety, which is also closely related to the personal and property safety of passengers.

[0003] At present, in order to effectively suppress the heat spread of power battery modules, an effective method has been adopted to optimize the full-temperature thermal management system of the battery. This method is to add heat-insulating and fire-proof materials between the batteries in the battery module, and combine cooling methods such as air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change to perform full-temperature thermal management of the battery. When a single cell has thermal runaway, the heat is blocked by the thermal insulation material to prevent the heat from spreading to the surrounding cells, thereby suppressing the generation of heat spread. However, it is very difficult to achieve ultra-high temperature resistance and ultra-low thermal conductivity by a thermal insulation material, and in actual applications, the temperature gradient of the thermal insulation layer is large, and the single-layer thermal insulation structure cannot effectively absorb and transfer the heat of thermal runaway. Therefore, in the case where the structural design needs to meet the requirements of lightweight, low cost, integration and other aspects as much as possible, it is very necessary to develop a new type of multi-layer thermal insulation structure composed of composite fiber-based phase change materials that can achieve full-temperature thermal management.

[0004] The existing defects of composite fiber-based phase change material coupled liquid cooling are:

[0005] 1. Patent document CN219917446U discloses a battery module and a battery system. "The battery module includes a battery module body; the battery module body includes a plurality of battery assemblies; each battery assembly includes a plurality of battery cells arranged in parallel in a transverse manner; between any two adjacent battery assemblies, and between any two adjacent battery cells in each battery assembly, there is a structure for blocking the heat spread of the battery cells. The structure designed in the module for blocking the heat spread of the battery cells effectively blocks the heat spread of the battery cells by adopting fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and also reduces the impact of the module on the module by fixing it with the side panels of the module, thereby improving the stability of the battery system." However, a battery module and a battery system in the above-mentioned public document only consider the problem of delaying the heat spread time when the battery is under thermal runaway, and do not consider how to completely block the heat spread caused by the thermal runaway of the battery. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a measure to completely solve the problem of heat spread caused by thermal runaway of the battery.

[0006] 2. Patent document CN117855679A discloses a heat dissipation cooling device and method for a battery, "including paraffin / graphite, a foam aluminum frame and a battery cell, wherein the foam aluminum frame is a hexahedral structure, and rectangular holes are provided on all six sides, the battery cell is fixed inside the foam aluminum frame, and paraffin / graphite is filled in the rectangular holes, the foam aluminum frame, the battery cell and the paraffin / graphite form a single battery cell cooling structure, and a plurality of single battery cell cooling structures form a battery PACK cooling structure, and a liquid cooling plate is arranged at the bottom of the battery PACK cooling structure to enhance the cooling effect and increase the stability of the system; through the foam aluminum frame Wrapping the battery cell can effectively dissipate the heat of the battery cell. At the same time, the paraffin / graphite composite phase change material has good heat storage capacity, which can increase the uniformity of the battery cell temperature and has a wide range of application scenarios. "However, the heat dissipation cooling device and method of a battery in the above-mentioned public document only considers the use of paraffin / graphite phase change to absorb the heat generated by the battery cell, and then transfer it to the outside, and cooperates with the liquid cooling of the bottom plate to achieve the effect of cooling the battery cell. It does not consider the impact of the large amount of heat dissipated on adjacent battery cells, battery packs, battery modules and external automotive parts and the temperature difference problem inside the battery caused by the liquid cooling of the bottom cold plate. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a solution to completely solve the heat generated by thermal runaway inside the battery module, and absorb and transfer the excess heat generated by thermal runaway by combining the dual cooling of composite fiber-based phase change materials and liquid cooling, thereby effectively improving the safety performance of the battery module.

[0007] 3. Patent document CN117352918A discloses that the present invention provides a battery module for delaying heat spread, "including a plurality of single cells, the outer surface of the single cells is coated with an immersed organic phase change material, the outer ring of the immersed organic phase change material is provided with a ceramic fiber material coating, and an aerogel pad is provided between the ceramic fiber material coatings of different single cells. When thermal runaway occurs in the single cells in the battery module, the immersed organic phase change material absorbs heat and reduces the heat diffusion to the surroundings; the ceramic fiber material coating delays the heat from overflowing to the surroundings, and the aerogel pad provides secondary protection for the batteries around the thermal runaway, effectively delaying the heat spread speed of the thermal runaway of the battery module and improving the safety performance of the battery module." However, a battery module for delaying heat spread in the above-mentioned public document only considers the use of immersed organic phase change materials to absorb part of the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the battery, and does not consider the thermal stability and chemical stability of the phase change material in a high temperature environment. Therefore, it is necessary to replace a cheap inorganic phase change material to solve the problem of thermal runaway of the battery in a high temperature environment. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coupled thermal management system that can achieve full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance. By optimizing the thermal management method, when the lithium battery is working normally, the battery is cooled by dual cooling of phase change heat absorption and liquid cooling of composite fiber-based phase change materials to control the battery temperature, which can effectively improve the safety performance of the battery module.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a coupled thermal management system that can realize full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance, including a composite fiber-based phase change material, a composite cold plate shell and a plurality of single cells, wherein the single cells are placed in a composite cold plate shell composed of a composite fiber-based phase change material and a modular liquid cooling channel, and a phase change fireproof plate composed of a composite fiber-based phase change material is provided between two adjacent composite cold plate shells, wherein the composite fiber-based phase change material is an inorganic phase change material, and a phase change temperature of 30°C to 50°C and a chemical thermal decomposition temperature of 190°C to 220°C.

[0010] Preferably, the phase change fireproof board structure formed by the composite fiber-based phase change material is a single-layer fiber-based-phase change material-fiber-based structure or a multi-layer fiber-based-phase change material-fiber-based structure.

[0011] Preferably, the inorganic phase change heat storage material of the composite fiber-based phase change material is one or more of chloride salt systems such as calcium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate combined with magnesium chloride hexahydrate, sodium carbonate decahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, and other hydrated salt materials.

[0012] Preferably, the inorganic binder added to the composite fiber-based phase change material is one or more of phosphate, silicate and silica sol.

[0013] Preferably, the fiber substrate in the composite fiber-based phase change material is one or more of high-strength glass fiber, AR glass fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber, silica fiber, alumina fiber, zirconia fiber and silica-alumina ceramic fiber.

[0014] Preferably, the composite cold plate shell uses a composite fiber-based phase change material as a skeleton, and the upper half of the composite cold plate shell is engraved with modular liquid cooling channels, and the liquid cooling channels are symmetrically distributed around the composite cold plate shell in the upper half.

[0015] Preferably, the coolant in the modular liquid cooling channel is one or more of water and ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

[0016] Preferably, the size of the internal space of the composite cold plate shell is adapted to the size of the battery assembly, and the size of the phase change fireproof plate is adapted to the size of the end face of the battery assembly.

[0017] Preferably, the battery module includes at least six single cells, six composite cold plate shells and at least seven phase change fireproof plates composed of composite fiber-based phase change materials that can realize a coupled thermal management system with full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance, and the single cells are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and interconnected.

[0018] Preferably, the battery pack includes at least one group of battery modules.

[0019] By adopting the above technical scheme: by optimizing the thermal management method, when the lithium battery is working normally, the battery is cooled by dual cooling of phase change heat absorption and liquid cooling of the composite fiber-based phase change material to control the battery temperature. When the self-heating starting temperature of the lithium battery in the early stage of thermal runaway reaches 30℃~50℃, the phase change latent heat of the phase change material itself is first used to absorb heat to cool the battery to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway; and when the battery is close to the thermal runaway trigger temperature, the chemical thermal decomposition of the phase change material at 190℃~220℃ is used to quickly absorb heat and cool down, effectively preventing the battery from thermal runaway; and through the designed multi-layer insulation structure After a single cell in the battery module experiences thermal runaway, the outer layer of fibers is first used to block most of the heat and reduce the heat spreading to adjacent cells. Then, the inorganic phase-change endothermic insulation material in the middle uses its phase change at 30°C to 50°C and chemical thermal decomposition at 190°C to 220°C to quickly absorb heat and control the temperature, further blocking the transfer of heat. Finally, the inner layer of fibers supports the overall insulation structure and isolates the heat overflowing from the phase-change insulation material layer, providing secondary protection for the adjacent batteries of the thermal runaway cells, isolating the spread of thermal runaway heat, and effectively improving the safety performance of the battery module.

[0020] At the same time, the present invention combines fibers and inorganic phase change materials to invent an active and passive combined multi-layer integrated insulation structure and optimizes the battery thermal management method. The battery is thermally managed by combining the dual cooling of composite fiber-based phase change materials and liquid cooling. The phase change of the phase change material at 30°C to 50°C and the chemical thermal decomposition at 190°C to 220°C are used to perform dual-temperature temperature control and cooling of the battery to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery. By designing a multi-layer integrated insulation structure, when a single cell in the battery module experiences thermal runaway, the low thermal conductivity of the fiber substrate and the dual-temperature rapid heat absorption of the phase change material are used to perform full-temperature thermal management of the battery to isolate the spread of thermal runaway heat, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention proposes a thermal insulation structure with multiple layers of active and passive combination based on passive thermal insulation flame-retardant fiber materials and actively triggered fast energy consumption phase change materials. By constructing a multi-layer integrated active and passive thermal insulation structure of "high temperature resistant layer-insulation layer-base layer", the composite phase change material is placed between the two layers of fiber, so that the passive thermal insulation ability of the fiber is closely combined with the active heat absorption ability of the phase change material, and the thermal insulation structure is optimized in many aspects to further improve the fire resistant thermal insulation ability of the material.

[0023] 2. The multi-layer insulation structure designed in the present invention is applied to the fireproof board composed of composite fiber-based phase change material. After the single battery in the battery module has thermal runaway, the outer layer of fibers is first used to block most of the heat to reduce the heat spreading to the adjacent battery cells. Then, the inorganic phase change endothermic insulation material in the middle uses its phase change at 30℃~50℃ and chemical thermal decomposition at 190℃~220℃ to quickly absorb heat and control the temperature in two temperature ranges to further block the transfer of heat. Finally, the inner layer of fibers carries the overall insulation structure to isolate the heat overflowed from the phase change insulation material layer, thereby blocking the heat spread caused by the thermal runaway of the battery and effectively protecting the personal and property safety of the passengers.

[0024] 3. The present invention optimizes the thermal management method. When the lithium battery is working normally, the temperature difference caused by the rapid temperature rise inside the battery is targeted. In order to suppress the formation of local hot zones, the phase change heat absorption of the composite fiber-based phase change material and the cooling and heat dissipation of the modular liquid cooling channel are used to double cool the area in the upper half of the battery where heat is more serious. The composite phase change material is used to control the temperature of the lower half of the battery cell to ensure that the internal temperature difference of the battery is within 5°C, so as to control the internal temperature of the battery pack and prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway. When the battery is close to the thermal runaway trigger temperature, the chemical thermal decomposition of the phase change material at 190°C to 220°C is used to quickly absorb heat and cool down, thereby preventing thermal runaway of the battery.

[0025] 4. The present invention, by compounding different types of fiber substrates and inorganic phase change materials, can effectively absorb and transfer the heat generated by thermal runaway in a high-temperature environment when the battery is in thermal runaway, while having the advantages of light weight, high strength, low thermal conductivity, and low cost. It can also further improve the thermal insulation capacity of the fireproof board and the overall impact resistance and heat resistance of the battery pack by optimizing the configuration of the multi-layer materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure in which the single battery of the present invention is placed in a composite cold plate housing and combined with a phase change fireproof plate;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a front view of the composite cold plate of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the composite cold plate shell and the phase change fireproof plate for the battery module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the phase change fireproof board composed of the composite fiber-based phase change material in the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Fireproof board; 2. Composite cold plate shell; 3. Liquid cooling channel; 4. Composite fiber-based phase change material; 5. Single battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "two ends", "one end", "the other end" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a coupled thermal management system that can achieve full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance, including a composite fiber-based phase change material 4, a composite cold plate shell 2 and a plurality of single cells 5, wherein the single cells 5 are placed in a composite cold plate shell 2 composed of a composite fiber-based phase change material 4 and a modular liquid cooling channel 3, and a phase change fireproof plate 1 composed of a composite fiber-based phase change material 4 is provided between two adjacent composite cold plate shells 2, wherein the composite fiber-based phase change material is an inorganic phase change material, and a phase change temperature is between 30°C and 50°C, and a chemical thermal decomposition temperature is between 190°C and 220°C.

[0035] Specifically, the phase change fireproof board structure formed by the composite fiber-based phase change material is a single-layer fiber-based-phase change material-fiber-based structure or a multi-layer fiber-based-phase change material-fiber-based structure; the inorganic phase change heat storage material of the composite fiber-based phase change material is one or more of chloride salt systems such as calcium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate composite magnesium chloride hexahydrate, sodium carbonate decahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate and other hydrated salt materials; the inorganic binder added to the composite fiber-based phase change material is one or more of phosphates, silicates and silica sols; the fiber base in the composite fiber-based phase change material is high-strength glass fiber, AR glass fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber, silicon oxide fiber, aluminum oxide fiber, zirconium oxide fiber and silicon aluminum ceramic fiber One or more of; the composite cold plate shell is based on a composite fiber-based phase change material as a skeleton, and the upper part of the composite cold plate shell is engraved with a modular liquid cooling channel, and the liquid cooling channel is symmetrically distributed around the composite cold plate shell in the upper part; the coolant in the modular liquid cooling channel is one or more of water and ethylene glycol aqueous solution; the size of the internal space of the composite cold plate shell is adapted to the size of the battery assembly, and the size of the phase change fireproof board is adapted to the size of the end face of the battery assembly; the battery module includes at least six single cells, six composite cold plate shells and at least seven phase change fireproof boards composed of composite fiber-based phase change materials for a coupled thermal management system that can realize full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance, and the single cells are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and connected to each other; the battery pack includes at least one group of battery modules.

[0036] In this embodiment, when the lithium battery is working normally, in order to suppress the formation of local hot zones, the temperature difference caused by the rapid temperature rise inside the single cell 5 is double cooled by the phase change heat absorption of the composite fiber-based phase change material 4 and the cooling and heat dissipation of the modular liquid cooling channel 3 to the area with more serious heat in the upper half of the battery 5, and the temperature of the lower half of the battery cell 5 is controlled in conjunction with the composite fiber-based phase change material 4 to ensure that the temperature difference inside the battery 5 is within 5°C, so as to control the internal temperature of the battery pack and prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway. When a single cell 5 in the battery module has thermal runaway and a large amount of heat released in a short time cannot be absorbed by the chemical thermal decomposition of the composite fiber-based phase change material 4 at 190°C to 220°C, a large amount of heat will be transferred to the adjacent single cell 5 and the surrounding environment. At this time, most of the released heat is first blocked by the fibers in the outer layer of the phase change fireproof board 1 and the melting temperature of the fibers is about 1800°C, so it is not easy to catch fire, so as to reduce the heat spread to the adjacent battery cell 5. Secondly, the inorganic phase change endothermic insulation material in the middle uses its own phase change latent heat to quickly absorb excess heat, further blocking the transfer of heat; finally, the inner layer of fibers supports the overall insulation structure and isolates the heat overflowing from the phase change insulation material layer, providing secondary protection for the adjacent battery 5 of the thermal runaway cell and isolating the spread of thermal runaway heat.

[0037] Among them, the inorganic phase change material has high latent heat, high thermal stability, no need for additional power, low cost, and can be reused. Its excellent phase change-chemical heat storage dual-temperature temperature control is applied to battery thermal management, which not only prevents battery thermal runaway, but also can perform full-temperature thermal management of the battery. At the same time, filling the middle of the fiberboard with inorganic phase change material can maximize the contact with the fiberboard area and increase the space utilization rate.

[0038] Embodiment 1: The composite fiber-based phase change fireproof board coupled with liquid cooling can be used in new energy vehicle battery modules. A composite ceramic fiber-based phase change fireproof board, the phase change material is one or more of a chloride salt system such as calcium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate composite magnesium chloride hexahydrate, sodium carbonate decahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate and other hydrated salt materials, with a size of 265.0 mm × 225.0 mm × 2 mm, a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W / (m·k), and a volume heat capacity of 0.241 MJ / (m 3 k), the thermal diffusion coefficient is 0.386 mm 2 / s, the phase change temperature is between 30℃~50℃, the chemical thermal decomposition temperature is between 190℃~220℃, a composite cold plate shell, the outer size is 265.0mm×225mm×16mm, the inner size is 265.0mm×221mm×12mm, the cooling channel height is 2mm, the thickness is 1mm, there are 14 channels in total, the composite phase change material height in the middle is 2mm, the lithium iron phosphate battery is fixed in the composite cold plate shell, the phase change fireproof plate is placed between adjacent composite cold plate shells, when the self-heating starting temperature of the first battery reaches 30℃~50℃, the liquid cooling channels around take away part of the heat and are equipped with The phase change material undergoes phase change and absorbs heat. When the temperature continues to rise to about 200°C and the battery experiences thermal runaway, the temperature of the rear surface of the first battery slowly rises to about 480°C due to the chemical thermal decomposition endothermicity of the phase change material at 190°C ~ 220°C and the continuous cooling of liquid cooling, while the temperature of the front surface of the second battery remains around 90°C due to the phase change of the phase change fireproof plate. As the phase change ends, the temperature of the front surface of the second battery gradually rises to 180°C, and then its temperature shows a slow downward trend until it drops to room temperature. The average heat spread time of the batteries in the module is 781s, and the maximum temperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces reaches 800°C.

[0039] Example 2: The composite fiber-based phase change material can be used in cables under high temperature environment. The composite fiber-based phase change material is wrapped around the cable as the cable outer sheath, which can make the cable withstand burning for more than 90 minutes at 1000°C. When the cable passes the specified current (826A) until the temperature stabilizes, the outer surface temperature of the outer sheath reaches 43.5°C. At this time, the phase change material undergoes phase change and absorbs heat, and the outer surface temperature of the outer sheath drops to 35°C, and the outer surface temperature of the wrapping tape also decreases from 37.8°C to 34.6°C; when the core temperature is maintained at 90°C, the outer surface temperature of the outer sheath reaches 60.1°C. Due to the phase change absorption temperature of the phase change material drops to 49.8°C, the outer surface temperature of the wrapping tape decreases from 42.5°C to 36.7°C at the same time. However, for the distributed optical fiber cable temperature real-time monitoring system, the optical fiber is laid on the surface of the tape. Considering the extreme case (maximum current carrying capacity 1133A), when the core is 90°C, the maximum allowable surface temperature of the unwrapped fireproof tape is 55°C, and the maximum allowable surface temperature of the ceramic fiber wrapped cable tape is 38.7°C. It can be seen that the surface temperature of the composite fiber-based phase change material wrapped section of the tape is much lower than the maximum allowable surface temperature of the unwrapped tape cable outer sheath of 55°C, which has a good protective effect.

[0040] Example 3: The composite fiber-based phase change material can be used in the insulation layer of snow-melting pavement. The insulation layer is composed of asphalt-based carbon fiber and phase change material, which can withstand a high temperature of 1800°C. It is laid under the carbon fiber cable layer in the upper and lower layers of asphalt concrete as a thermal insulation layer. In the test section with a cable spacing of 200mm and a burial depth of 5cm, after 2h of heating, the maximum road surface temperature increased from -6°C to 2°C, and the average heating rate was 3.5°C / h. The final surface temperature of the pavement was 26.8% to 33.3% higher than that of the pavement without an insulation layer, and the heating rate was increased by 0.8-1.5°C / h. The heating rate increased by 3% to 5% for every doubling of the insulation layer thickness. Therefore, the thickness of the insulation layer should not be too large.

[0041] Example 4: The composite fiber-based phase change thermal insulation material can be used in building walls. The thermal insulation material made of glass fiber-based composite phase change material is placed inside the wall. When the comprehensive outdoor air temperature exceeds 28°C in summer, the surface temperature of the phase change wall is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material (27°C~33°C), and it melts and absorbs heat, absorbing excess indoor heat in summer and storing it, and then releases the stored latent heat to the outdoors at night, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system. At the same time, since the phase change material increases the thermal resistance and heat capacity of the wall, when the outdoor temperature is high in summer, the phase change wall can make the indoor "temperature peak lag", which plays a role in heat insulation, temperature regulation and energy reduction.

[0042] Example 5: The composite fiber-based phase change thermal insulation material can replace the coating in the non-oxidation annealing furnace. A polycrystalline alumina fiber-based composite phase change thermal insulation material has a thickness of 50 mm and a long-term fiber operating temperature of 1500°C. For a direct-fired furnace with a furnace temperature of 1280°C, when the ambient temperature is 25°C, the furnace shell temperature is 78°C, and the overall insulation thickness of the furnace wall is 350 mm, the temperatures of the cold and hot surfaces of the furnace drop to 429°C and 523°C respectively due to the phase change of the phase change material in the thermal insulation material and the double-temperature absorption of chemical thermal decomposition. Compared with the 1600 type polycrystalline alumina fiber composited with no phase change material as the thermal insulation material, the temperatures of the cold and hot surfaces increase by 38°C and 50°C respectively, indicating that the phase change thermal insulation material has a good heat absorption and heat insulation effect.

[0043] Example 6: The composite fiber-based phase change material can be used to block the spread of forest fires. PAN-based carbon fiber is composited with inorganic hydrated salt phase change material and an inorganic binder is added to make a corrosion-resistant silicon-based fireproof board. The inorganic binder is one or more of phosphate, silicate and silica sol. A forest fire spread fire-retardant experiment is carried out. 10 kilograms of pine needles are evenly spread on a 2m long and 1m wide silicon-based fireproof board. A layer of silicon-based fireproof board is covered on the pine needles. Another layer of pine needles is evenly spread on the fireproof board. Three fireproof boards are installed on both sides. A thermocouple was used to monitor the temperature in real time. No flame retardant treatment was performed on the pine needles. After they were ignited, they burned out. During this process, the temperature difference of the upper fireproof board was controlled within 3°C, the temperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces of the middle silicon-based fireproof board was 761°C, and the temperature difference of the lower fireproof board reached 783°C. After the first layer of fireproof board was exposed to the air for one month, the surface was intact and no signs of corrosion were found. Finally, the pine needles covering the middle layer of fireproof board were not ignited, indicating that the silicon-based fireproof board has a good corrosion-resistant, heat-insulating and fire-resistant effect.

[0044] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A coupled thermal management system capable of achieving full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance, characterized in that: The invention comprises a composite fiber-based phase change material (4), a composite cold plate shell (2) and a plurality of single cells (5), wherein the single cells (5) are placed in a composite cold plate shell (2) formed by the composite fiber-based phase change material (4) and a modular liquid cooling channel (3), and a phase change fireproof board (1) formed by the composite fiber-based phase change material (4) is arranged between two adjacent composite cold plate shells (2), wherein the composite fiber-based phase change material is an inorganic phase change material, has a phase change temperature of 30°C to 50°C, and a chemical thermal decomposition temperature of 190°C to 220°C; the phase change fireproof board (1) formed by the composite fiber-based phase change material (4) has a structure of a single-layer fiber-based-phase change material-fiber-based structure or a multi-layer fiber-based-phase change material-fiber-based structure.

2. A coupled thermal management system capable of achieving full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic phase change material is one or more of calcium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate combined with magnesium chloride hexahydrate, sodium carbonate decahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate chloride salt system and other hydrated salt materials.

3. A coupled thermal management system capable of achieving full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber base in the composite fiber-based phase change material (4) is one or more of high-strength glass fiber, AR glass fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber, silicon oxide fiber, aluminum oxide fiber, zirconium oxide fiber and silicon aluminum ceramic fiber.

4. A coupled thermal management system capable of achieving full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite cold plate shell (2) has a composite fiber-based phase change material (4) as a skeleton, and the upper half of the composite cold plate shell (2) is engraved with modular liquid cooling channels (3), and the liquid cooling channels (3) are symmetrically distributed around the composite cold plate shell (2) in a circle in the upper half.

5. A coupled thermal management system capable of achieving full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the internal space of the composite cold plate shell (2) is compatible with the size of the battery (5) component, and the size of the phase change fireproof plate (1) is compatible with the size of the end surface of the battery (5) component.

6. A battery module, characterized in that: A phase change fireproof plate (1) comprising at least six single cells (5), six composite cold plate shells (2) and at least seven composite fiber-based phase change materials (4) of a coupled thermal management system capable of achieving full-temperature thermal management and fire resistance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the single cells (5) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and are interconnected.

7. A battery pack, characterized in that: Comprising at least one battery module as claimed in claim 6.

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