Standardized production method of one-year flower amorphophallus konjac seed tuber

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of plant biotechnology, and particularly relates to a standardized production method of annual flower amorphophallus konjac seed tuber, which comprises a production method and a grading method. The production method comprises the following steps: collecting flower amorphophallus konjac corms in October-November and storing; when dormancy of the stored flower amorphophallus konjac corms is about to be removed, promoting dormancy removal and flower bud growth of the flower amorphophallus konjac corms; greenhouse sowing, self-pollination, harvesting of seedlings, and environmental condition regulation during the period; promoting fruit cluster maturation by using growth regulators after self-pollination; seedling germination of the seedlings; sowing of the seedlings, field management, and harvesting of the seed tubers; and the grading method comprises the following steps: grading according to the age of the flower amorphophallus konjac corms, the weight of the flower amorphophallus konjac corms, the quality of the seedlings, the seedling germination, and the quality of the seed tubers. The application completes the propagation of the flower amorphophallus konjac seed tuber within one year, and realizes the standardized production of the flower amorphophallus konjac seed tuber by grading the flower amorphophallus konjac corms according to the size and age, grading and screening the seedlings, and harvesting the seed tubers with uniform size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant biotechnology, specifically relating to a standardized production method for annual flowering konjac seed tubers. Background Technology

[0002] Konjac, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Amorphophallus in the family Araceae, is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries due to its high glucomannan content. It is considered a high-quality health food with benefits such as weight loss, fat reduction, and lowering blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. Amorphophallus konjac (flowering konjac) has the largest planting area and widest application in the mountainous regions of southwest my country due to its good adaptability, expansion rate, and relatively good quality. However, its reproductive capacity is relatively poor compared to other konjac varieties; for example, a three-year-old corm of Amorphophallus konjac only produces 4-6 rhizomes in its first year. Therefore, this significantly restricts the speed of production and development of Amorphophallus konjac.

[0003] There are two main ways to produce Amorphophallus konjac seed tubers: one is to use two- or three-year-old corms for asexual reproduction to produce rhizomes, which results in chaotic seed tuber grading; the other is to use seed tubers produced from seed. Generally, Amorphophallus konjac seed tubers mature in September or October, and in areas with lower temperatures, they may not mature until after the end of October. Therefore, seed tubers can only be sown in the following year, which takes two years to produce seed tubers, a very time-consuming process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems of long propagation time and low standardization and grading of seed tubers in existing technologies, this invention provides a one-year standardized production method for Amorphophallus konjac seed tubers, which completes the propagation of Amorphophallus konjac seed tubers within one year and produces seed tubers with consistent grading standards.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a standardized production method for annual flowering konjac seed tubers, including a production method and a grading method;

[0007] The production method includes the following steps:

[0008] During October and November of the same year, when Amorphophallus konjac is harvested, flowering plants of the Amorphophallus konjac variety are collected to obtain Amorphophallus konjac corms. These corms are stored in mid-November. From late January to early February of the following year, as the dormancy of the stored corms is about to break, they are sun-dried. Healthy corms are then treated with a mixed solution and undergo their first environmental condition regulation to promote dormancy breaking and flower bud growth. The mixed solution consists of 0.0001g / 100mL–0.0002g / 100mL gibberellic acid and 0.0002g / 100mL–0.0004g / 100mL 50% thidiazuron, with water as the solvent. Seeds are sown in greenhouses, and self-pollination is encouraged. The seedlings were harvested from seed, with multiple environmental condition adjustments during the process. Additionally, after self-pollination, growth regulators were used to promote ear ripening. The formula for these growth regulators was as follows: 0.2g / 100g–0.4g / 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0001g / 100g–0.0002g / 100g boric acid, 0.0001g / 100g–0.0002g / 100g calcium magnesium fertilizer, and 0.00005g / 100g–0.0001g / 100g brassinolide, with water as the solvent. Seedlings were germinated to obtain newly sprouted seedlings. In mid-to-late June, these newly sprouted seedlings were sown, and field management continued until the seed tubers were harvested.

[0009] The above process took less than a year.

[0010] The quality of seed tubers is uniform across all categories. For example, within each category, the seed tubers exhibit similar characteristics in flowering time, aging bud rate, pollination rate, fruit setting rate, fruit cluster mold rate, seed maturity time, number of berries, seed quality, seed germination rate, and seed tuber quality, with no significant differences.

[0011] Among them, the characteristics of the white-skinned seeds are: the terminal bud is short and strong and is pinkish-white or light pink, and the endosperm is full and firm.

[0012] The grading method includes: during the production process, the tubers of Amorphophallus konjac are classified and stored in stages according to their age, weight, seed quality, seed emergence, and seed tuber quality, ultimately resulting in different categories of seed tubers.

[0013] Preferred, hierarchical classification refers to:

[0014] (1) According to the normal flowering time, the konjac bulbs are divided into three ages: 3, 4 and 5.

[0015] (2) The tubers of Amorphophallus konjac of different ages were classified by weight. Each age was further divided into four categories: 1kg≤weight<2kg, 2kg≤weight<5kg, 5kg≤weight<10kg and weight≥10kg.

[0016] (3) The Amorphophallus konjac bulbs classified by weight are further graded according to the size of the seedlings. Each type of Amorphophallus konjac bulb can be further divided into: Grade 1, seedling weight ≥ 0.8g; Grade 1, 0.5g ≤ seedling weight < 0.8g; Grade 2, 0.3g ≤ seedling weight < 0.5g; Grade 3, 0.1g ≤ seedling weight < 0.3g; Grade 4, seedling weight < 0.1g.

[0017] (4) A normal seed condition is characterized by a short, robust terminal bud that is pinkish-white or light pink, and a plump and firm endosperm. After classifying the seedlings by weight and size, seedlings with normal seed condition were selected for each category.

[0018] (5) The seed tubers are graded according to their weight: Grade 1: seed tuber weight ≥ 50g; Grade 1: 30g ≤ seed tuber weight < 50g; Grade 2: 20g ≤ seed tuber weight < 30g; Grade 3: 10g ≤ seed tuber weight < 20g; Grade 4: seed tuber weight < 10g. Each category of seed tubers is further divided into different grades based on their seed tuber weight.

[0019] The above process is carried out according to five levels: age of Amorphophallus konjac corms, weight of Amorphophallus konjac corms, quality of seedlings, seed emergence status, and quality of seed tubers. Each category in the upper level has a corresponding classification in the lower level. This process of continuous classification is detailed, so the seed tubers of different categories are of uniform quality and the classification is reasonable.

[0020] The preferred method for the first environmental condition regulation is as follows:

[0021] The Amorphophallus konjac bulbs were sorted according to their age and weight and then spread out indoors. The indoor temperature was controlled at 18℃~22℃, the humidity at 60%~70%, the light intensity at 4000LX~6000LX, with 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness, for 5 to 7 days. The mixed solution treatment refers to the application of the mixed solution by atomization during the first environmental condition control period.

[0022] The preferred method for atomized application is:

[0023] The mixture should be atomized for 12 hours in the dark from 6 pm to 6 am the next day, with a total daily application of 10L; a total of 2 to 3 atomizations.

[0024] Preferably, after sowing in the greenhouse and before the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac bulbs begin to emerge from the soil, a second environmental condition regulation is implemented. The second environmental condition regulation is: temperature between 22℃ and 25℃, and soil moisture between 65% and 75%.

[0025] Preferably, after the terminal bud of the Amorphophallus konjac bulb begins to emerge from the soil, a third environmental condition regulation is carried out. The third environmental condition regulation is as follows: temperature is controlled at 25℃~28℃, humidity is controlled at 60%~70%, light intensity is set at 6000LX~8000LX, light exposure is 8h / darkness is 16h, and the water content in the soil is 30%~40% by mass. The third environmental condition regulation is carried out until the spathe differentiation is complete.

[0026] Preferably, after the spathe of the spadix emerges, the spathe scales are removed to expose the stamens. Then, a fourth adjustment is performed. The conditions for the fourth adjustment are: air temperature of 28-32℃, humidity of 70%-80%, light intensity of 8000LX-12000LX, and 12 hours of light / 12 hours of darkness. Two to three days after the fourth environmental condition adjustment, self-pollination is carried out.

[0027] Preferably, the fifth environmental condition control after self-pollination is carried out refers to: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to 25℃~28℃, the humidity to 60%~70%, the light intensity to 4000LX~6000LX, with 8 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness; at the same time, maintaining the water content in the soil in the container to 50%-60% by mass; maintaining ventilation in the greenhouse; and disinfecting every 3 to 4 days.

[0028] Preferably, a growth regulator is sprayed once on the 7th to 10th day after self-pollination, and then sprayed again on the 7th to 10th day. The amount of spraying is such that dew drips from the surface of the seedlings.

[0029] The preferred method for germinating seedlings is as follows:

[0030] After grading and air-drying the harvested seeds, the pericarps are removed. Then, from late May to early June, the seeds are soaked overnight in a soaking solution. After soaking, the seeds are rinsed under running water for 20 to 30 minutes, and then sun-dried for 2 to 3 hours. The soaking solution formula is as follows: 0.001g / 100g to 0.002g / 100g GA3, 0.0005g / 100g to 0.001g / 100g thiourea, and 0.0001g / 100g to 0.0002g / 100g 6-furfurylaminopurine, with water as the solvent. Germination is carried out at 22℃ to 25℃ until the seeds show white sprouts, thus completing the germination process.

[0031] The preferred field management methods are as follows:

[0032] After sowing the seedlings, maintain the soil temperature at a depth of 5-6 cm in the seedbed at 25±3℃. From July to September, adjust the greenhouse temperature to 25-30℃, humidity to 60%-70%, and light intensity to 4000-5000 LX, with 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness. One week after emergence and leaf expansion, apply nitrogen fertilizer, followed by a second application of nitrogen fertilizer every 7-10 days. The amount of fertilizer applied should be such that water droplets drip from the leaves. The nitrogen fertilizer formula is as follows: 0.1g / 100g-0.2g / 100g urea, 0.002g / 100g-0.004g / 100g aminoethyl ester, with water as the solvent.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] This invention starts with the flowering and fruiting characteristics of Amorphophallus konjac. By repeatedly controlling the environmental temperature, humidity, and light, it regulates the early flowering of Amorphophallus konjac and induces self-pollination and fruit setting, saving a lot of manpower. At the same time, through timely germination induction, seed tubers can be propagated from seed in the same year, accelerating the propagation speed. In addition, through multi-level classification, the seed tuber grading standards are consistent, and the seed tubers in the same grade are of comparable quality. The high propagation coefficient of Amorphophallus konjac provides technical support for the standardized and large-scale production of Amorphophallus konjac seed tubers. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 A shows a real-life example of the self-pollination process; A is a picture of the actual process of removing the scales covering the stamens, and the pistil is sealed with plastic wrap and covered with paper to block light; B is a large-scale demonstration; C shows the pollen shedding from the stamens.

[0036] Figure 2 Images of seeds grown from seed at different stages; where A represents immature seeds, B represents partially mature seeds, and C represents fully mature seeds.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a picture of a seedling that has sprouted from seed. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in this invention are commercially available, and all methods used are conventional techniques in the art.

[0040] In view of the problems of inconsistent seed tuber grading and time-consuming propagation in existing technologies, this invention provides a standardized production method for Amorphophallus konjac seed tubers that can be produced in one year, completing the propagation of Amorphophallus konjac within one year. Furthermore, the propagated seed tubers have consistent grading standards and uniform quality.

[0041] This invention provides a standardized production method for annual flowering konjac seed tubers, including a production method and a grading method. The production method includes the following steps:

[0042] During October and November of the same year, when Amorphophallus konjac is harvested, flowering plants of the Amorphophallus konjac variety are collected to obtain Amorphophallus konjac corms. These corms are stored in mid-November. From late January to early February of the following year, as the dormancy of the stored corms is about to break, they are sun-dried. Healthy corms are then treated with a mixed solution and undergo their first environmental condition regulation to promote dormancy breaking and flower bud growth. The mixed solution consists of 0.0001g / 100mL–0.0002g / 100mL gibberellic acid and 0.0002g / 100mL–0.0004g / 100mL 50% thidiazuron, with water as the solvent. Seeds are sown in greenhouses, and self-pollination is encouraged. The seedlings were harvested from seed, with multiple environmental condition adjustments during the process. Additionally, after self-pollination, growth regulators were used to promote ear maturation. The formula for these growth regulators was as follows: 0.2g / 100g–0.4g / 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0001g / 100g–0.0002g / 100g boric acid, 0.0001g / 100g–0.0002g / 100g calcium magnesium fertilizer, and 0.00005g / 100g–0.0001g / 100g brassinolide, with water as the solvent. Seedlings were germinated to obtain newly sprouted seedlings. In mid-to-late June, these newly sprouted seedlings were sown, and field management continued until the seed tubers were harvested.

[0043] The grading method includes: during the production process, the tubers of Amorphophallus konjac are classified and stored in stages according to their age, weight, seed quality, seed emergence, and seed tuber quality, ultimately resulting in different categories of seed tubers.

[0044] The invention concept of the above method mainly lies in: first, regulating the flowering time of Amorphophallus konjac; second, regulating self-pollination and environmental conditions; third, regulating the growth and expansion rate of seedlings; fourth, regulating dormancy breaking and germination of seedlings; fifth, regulating the sowing and growth period of germinated seedlings; and sixth, in the above process, classifying the Amorphophallus konjac corms according to five levels: corm age, corm weight, seed quality, seed emergence, and seed tuber quality, and screening and grading the harvested seed tubers to obtain different categories of seed tubers. After classification, the seed tubers of each category are basically equivalent in terms of corm flowering time, self-pollination and seed setting rate, seed maturity time and size, seed emergence time and emergence rate, seed tuber maturity time and seed tuber size, etc., without the need for additional screening operations.

[0045] The relevant embodiments and experimental results are as follows.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] The standardized production method for annual flowering konjac seed tubers includes the following steps.

[0048] The first step is the collection and classification of Amorphophallus konjac corms: In October of the same year, when Amorphophallus konjac is harvested, flowering plants of local Amorphophallus konjac varieties are collected. During collection, the age of the corms from the flowering plants should first be distinguished, categorized into three ages: 3-year-old, 4-year-old, and 5-year-old, based on the normal flowering time. Then, the corms of different ages are classified by weight into four categories: 1kg ≤ weight < 2kg, 2kg ≤ weight < 5kg, 5kg ≤ weight < 10kg, and weight ≥ 10kg. This classification is based on the fact that the length of the fruit spike, the number of fruits, and the size of the seeds are all closely related to the size of the Amorphophallus konjac corm.

[0049] The second step is the storage of Amorphophallus konjac bulbs: The collected bulbs are sun-dried outdoors for two days on a sunny day. Then, in mid-November, the bulbs are sorted according to the categories identified in the first step and placed in plastic crates, with only one layer at the bottom for easy observation and selection later. They are then placed on iron racks for storage. The storage room temperature is maintained at 4℃ and humidity at 40%, and the racks are covered with black cloth to prevent light exposure. During storage, the storage room is disinfected every 7 days using ultraviolet lamps and an ozone generator. Ventilation is achieved by regularly opening exhaust fans or windows and doors, and a CO2 generator is used to maintain the CO2 concentration in the storage room at 0.4% to inhibit respiration of the bulbs and reduce nutrient and water consumption. It should be noted that if the temperature is not lower than 4℃, windows should be opened from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM daily; if the temperature is lower than 4℃, exhaust fans should be turned on from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM daily.

[0050] Step 3: Sowing in the greenhouse and regulating temperature and humidity.

[0051] (1) Pre-sowing treatment

[0052] In late January of the following year, as the dormancy of the stored Amorphophallus konjac bulbs was about to break, the bulbs were placed outdoors to dry for one day on a sunny day. Those bulbs that were rotten, damaged, or had aged or rotten apical buds were removed, and the healthy bulbs were retained. The bulbs were then spread out in different locations in the warehouse according to the categories identified in the first step, and the first environmental condition control was performed. This first environmental condition control involved maintaining an indoor temperature of 18℃, humidity of 60%, and light intensity of 4000 LX, with 8 hours of light followed by 16 hours of darkness, for 5 days. During this first environmental condition control period, the mixed solution was atomized using a humidifier from 6 PM to 6 AM the following morning for 12 hours in the dark, with a total daily application rate of 10 L. This atomization was performed twice (for a total of 2 days) to accelerate the breaking of dormancy and the growth of flower buds. The mixture is formulated as follows: 0.0001 g / 100 mL gibberellic acid, 0.0002 g / 100 mL 50% thidiazuron (powder), and water as the solvent. The growth regulator is used to promote flower bud growth and differentiation.

[0053] (2) Sowing

[0054] After pre-sowing treatment, the Amorphophallus konjac bulbs were dried outdoors for one day. Then, according to the categories identified in the first step, they were sown in containers within a multi-span greenhouse. The containers were either nutrient pots or basins, filled with a mixture of substrate soil and earthworm manure in a 2:1 mass ratio. The greenhouse temperature was maintained at 22℃, humidity at 50%, and natural light. The substrate soil was 2L of Devodo Fertilizer Seedling Nutrient Soil, and the earthworm manure was purchased from Devodo's well-rotted and fermented earthworm castings.

[0055] (3) Second environmental condition regulation

[0056] Before placing the containers, first tidy up and replace the heating wires at the bottom of the seedbed, ensuring the circuit is normal and safe. The heating wires should be buried 8cm below the seedbed and will automatically stop heating once the set temperature is reached. Then, place the containers for sowing Amorphophallus konjac bulbs on the seedbed, burying the bottom of the containers 3cm below the seedbed. Control the temperature at the apical bud of the Amorphophallus konjac bulb, where sprouting is expected, at 22℃, and the soil moisture at 65%. The temperature and humidity of the containers should not be too high to avoid rotting at the base of the apical bud of the Amorphophallus konjac bulb and the appearance of aging buds.

[0057] Step 4: Self-pollination

[0058] (1) Third environmental condition control: In late February, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac bulbs begin to emerge from the soil. At this time, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25℃, the humidity at 60%, the light intensity at 6000LX, the light exposure at 8h / darkness at 16h, and the water content in the soil in the container is 30%. The spathe can be fully differentiated in 15 days.

[0059] (2) Treatment of pistils and stamens

[0060] The pistil matures 5 days earlier than the stamens. By the time the stamens naturally shed pollen, the stigma of the pistil has lost or weakened its stickiness. Therefore, once the spathe of the spadix has emerged, the spathe scales can be removed to expose the stamens. The scales covering the pistil at the lower end should not be removed yet; instead, wrap the upper part of the scales with plastic wrap to retain moisture. At the same time, cover the plastic wrap with small pieces of paper to block light.

[0061] The fourth environmental condition adjustment: The temperature inside the greenhouse was controlled at 28℃, humidity at 70%, and light intensity at 8000 LX, with a light cycle of 12 hours and a darkness cycle of 12 hours. Two days after the fourth environmental condition adjustment, the light-blocking paper and plastic wrap were gradually removed, and the scales covering the pistil were peeled off. The stamens then began to release pollen, which took 8 hours from the start to the complete release of pollen. During this period, the stigma of the pistil remained relatively sticky, ensuring even and effective self-pollination. After the treatment of this invention, the pollen was basically attached to the surface of the stamens. A gentle tap on the spadix from top to bottom would cause the pollen to be evenly dispersed onto the stigma of the pistil, making the pollination process simple and efficient.

[0062] Figure 1 A real-life image of the self-pollination process.

[0063] Fifth step, fifth environmental condition regulation

[0064] Starting in mid-to-late March, after more than 98% of the stamens have finished shedding pollen, the temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 25℃, humidity at 60%, and light intensity at 4000 LX, with 8 hours of light followed by 12 hours of darkness. Simultaneously, the water content of the soil in the containers should be maintained at 50% by mass, ideally forming a clump when squeezed in the hand, as the apical buds of the Amorphophallus konjac corms begin to differentiate into filamentous roots at this time, and drought should be avoided to prevent root growth. At the same time, good ventilation should be maintained in the greenhouse to prevent mold and rot on the fruit clusters and leaf bases. The greenhouse should be disinfected every 3 days using an ozone generator for 30 minutes each time.

[0065] Step 6: Harvesting and grading of seedlings

[0066] (1) Harvesting of Seedlings

[0067] Seven days after successful pollination, the ovary of the pistil will gradually swell, and the ovary wall will gradually change from dark green to deep green. A growth regulator is used to promote ear ripening. The formula for the growth regulator is as follows: 0.2g / 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0001g / 100g boric acid, 0.0001g / 100g calcium magnesium fertilizer (Gaoli Calcium Magnesium-Dugo), and 0.00005g / 100g brassinolide, with water as the solvent. The growth regulator should be sprayed onto the seedlings until dew drips from the surface.

[0068] Apply the growth regulator again after 7 days. The growth regulator should be sprayed on the seedlings until dew drips from the surface to promote fruit growth, expansion and ripening.

[0069] As the fruit gradually enlarges, the length of the fruit cluster also increases; after 4 weeks, the fruit enlargement growth basically stops, and the entire fruit cluster is full and dark green, as shown below. Figure 2 Figure A. By early to mid-May, the fruit at the top of the bunch begins to change from dark green to yellow, and then gradually turns brick red, as shown below. Figure 2 Figure B; generally, the entire fruit bunch matures fully in 2 weeks, as shown below. Figure 2 Figure C. Seeds can be harvested starting two weeks after the plant matures.

[0070] (2) Grading of seedlings

[0071] Seedlings are graded according to three levels: bulb age, bulb weight, and seed weight. First, shriveled, soft, and damaged seeds are discarded. Then, they are graded according to seed weight: Grade 1 (Special Grade): Seed weight ≥ 0.8g; Grade 1 (Grade 1): 0.5g ≤ Seed weight < 0.8g; Grade 2 (Grade 2): 0.3g ≤ Seed weight < 0.5g; Grade 3 (Grade 3): 0.1g ≤ Seed weight < 0.3g; Grade 4 (Grade 4): Seed weight < 0.1g.

[0072] Step 7: Germination of Seedlings

[0073] (1) Breaking dormancy

[0074] After grading the harvested seeds, air-dry them for one day and then peel off the pericarps. In late May, soak them overnight in a soaking solution, from 6 pm to 6 am the next day, ensuring the solution completely covers the seeds. After soaking, place the seeds in mesh bags and rinse them under running water for 20 minutes, then sun-dry them for 2 hours.

[0075] The soaking solution formula is as follows: 0.001g / 100g GA3 (gibberellin), 0.0005g / 100g thiourea, 0.0001g / 100g KT (6-furfurylaminopurine), with water as the solvent.

[0076] (2) Germination

[0077] After breaking dormancy, spread the seedlings evenly in a plastic mesh tray, ensuring the thickness does not exceed 0.5cm to prevent mold growth. Place the mesh tray inside a solid plastic dish, adding sterile water, ensuring the backs of the seedlings in the mesh tray are in contact with the water. Place a heater probe in the gap between the solid and mesh trays, setting the probe temperature to 22℃. Cover the top with a solid plastic lid. Change the sterile water once daily, and open the lid for ventilation for 1 hour in the morning. Gently turn the seeds evenly with a brush. Seedlings should begin to sprout white seeds after 7 days.

[0078] Step 8: Screening

[0079] Further grading was conducted according to four levels: bulb age, bulb weight, seed quality, and seed whitening status. Seeds with whitening were then screened. The screening method was as follows: First, remove completely moldy or soft seedlings; second, select seedlings with softened apical embryos, yellowed or thinned apical buds; third, remove seedlings with non-germinating plumules; and finally, select seedlings with normally germinating plumules showing whitening. Seedlings with normally germinating plumules showing whitening are characterized by short, strong apical buds that are pinkish-white or light pink, and plump and firm endosperm. Figure 3 This is a picture of a seedling that has sprouted from seed.

[0080] Step 9: Sow the germinated seeds.

[0081] (1) Seedbed sowing

[0082] In mid-to-late June, the selected seedlings that have sprouted are sown in greenhouse seedbeds. The seedbed soil is a mixture of substrate soil, earthworm manure, and organic fertilizer in a 2:1:1 mass ratio. The seedbed soil is spread in nutrient pools with dimensions of 20m (length), 3m (width), and 0.4m (height). The sowing depth is 1.5cm, the water content in the soil is 70%, and the soil temperature at a depth of 5cm is controlled at 22℃. Seedlings will begin to emerge from the soil in early to mid-July. The organic fertilizer used is chicken manure.

[0083] (2) Seedling management

[0084] Between July and September, during the hot, sunny summer months, after seedling emergence, use shade nets, fans, and wet curtains to adjust the greenhouse temperature to 25℃, humidity to 60%, and light intensity to 4000 LX, with 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness. During this period, one week after seedling emergence and leaf expansion, apply nitrogen fertilizer to promote the change of leaf color from yellowish-green to bluish-green, thus promoting photosynthesis. The nitrogen fertilizer formula is as follows: 0.1g / 100g urea, 0.002g / 100g aminoethyl ester, with water as the solvent. Apply by foliar spraying, applying enough to cause water droplets to drip from the leaves.

[0085] Preferably, spraying should be done on a sunny morning between 8 and 9 a.m., and repeat the spraying after 7 days. Meanwhile, the hot and humid environment of summer makes it easy for planthoppers and aphids to eat seedlings. Use a mixture of 20% acetamiprid (2000x dilution) and 0.5% deltamethrin (1000x dilution), spraying until water droplets drip from the leaves, and repeat every 15 days.

[0086] Step 10: Harvesting the seed taro

[0087] Starting in mid-to-late October, seedlings began to wither. The harvested seed tubers were graded according to five levels: tuber age, tuber weight, seed quality, seed emergence, and seed tuber quality. First, small tubers with damage, disease spots, or damaged terminal buds were removed. Then, they were graded by tuber weight: Grade 1 (≥50g); Grade 1 (30g ≤ < 50g); Grade 2 (20g ≤ < 30g); Grade 3 (10g ≤ < 20g); Grade 4 (< 10g). After grading by weight, the harvested tubers were sun-dried for two days (4 hours per day) under sunny conditions. Then, the graded tubers were packaged in plastic crates and stored in a warehouse.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] The standardized production method for annual flowering konjac seed tubers includes the following steps.

[0090] The first step is the collection and classification of Amorphophallus konjac corms: In November of the same year, when Amorphophallus konjac is harvested, flowering plants of local Amorphophallus konjac varieties are collected. During collection, the age of the corms from the flowering plants should first be distinguished, categorized into three ages: 3-year-old, 4-year-old, and 5-year-old, based on the normal flowering time. Then, the corms of different ages are classified by weight into four categories: 1kg ≤ weight < 2kg, 2kg ≤ weight < 5kg, 5kg ≤ weight < 10kg, and weight ≥ 10kg. This classification is based on the fact that the length of the fruit spike, the number of fruits, and the size of the seeds are all closely related to the size of the Amorphophallus konjac corm.

[0091] The second step is the storage of Amorphophallus konjac bulbs: The collected bulbs are sun-dried outdoors for 3 days on a sunny day. Then, in mid-November, the collected bulbs are sorted according to the categories identified in the first step and placed in plastic frames, with only one layer at the bottom of the frame for easy observation and selection later. They are then placed on iron racks for storage. The storage room temperature is maintained at 6℃ and humidity at 50%, and the racks are covered with black cloth to prevent light exposure. During storage, the storage room is disinfected every 10 days using ultraviolet lamps and an ozone generator. Ventilation is achieved by regularly opening exhaust fans or windows and doors, and a CO2 generator is used to maintain the CO2 concentration in the storage room at 0.6% to inhibit the respiration of the bulbs and reduce nutrient and water consumption. It should be noted that if the temperature is not lower than 4℃, windows should be opened from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM daily; if the temperature is lower than 4℃, exhaust fans should be turned on from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM daily.

[0092] Step 3: Sowing in the greenhouse and regulating temperature and humidity.

[0093] (1) Pre-sowing treatment

[0094] In early February of the following year, as the dormancy of the stored Amorphophallus konjac bulbs was about to break, they were placed outdoors in sunny weather to dry for two days. Those bulbs that were rotten, damaged, or had aged or rotten apical buds were removed, and the healthy bulbs were retained. The bulbs were then laid out in different locations in the warehouse according to the categories identified in the first step, and the first environmental condition control was performed. This first environmental condition control involved maintaining an indoor temperature of 22℃, humidity of 70%, and light intensity of 6000 LX, with 8 hours of light followed by 16 hours of darkness, for 7 days. During this first environmental condition control period, the mixed solution was atomized using a humidifier from 6 PM to 6 AM the following morning for 12 hours in the dark, with a total daily application rate of 10 L. This atomization was performed a total of 3 times (i.e., 3 days of atomization) to accelerate the breaking of dormancy and the growth of flower buds. The mixture is formulated as follows: 0.0002 g / 100 mL gibberellic acid, 0.0004 g / 100 mL 50% thidiazuron (powder), and water as the solvent. The growth regulator is used to promote flower bud growth and differentiation.

[0095] (2) Sowing

[0096] After pre-sowing treatment, the Amorphophallus konjac bulbs were dried outdoors for two days. Then, according to the categories identified in the first step, they were sown in containers within a multi-span greenhouse. The containers were either seedling pots or basins, filled with a mixture of substrate soil and vermicompost at a mass ratio of 2:1. The greenhouse temperature was maintained at 25℃, humidity at 60%, and natural light was provided. The substrate soil was 2L of Devodo Fertilizer Seedling Nutrient Soil, and the vermicompost was purchased from Devodo's well-rotted and fermented vermicompost.

[0097] (3) Second environmental condition regulation

[0098] Before placing the containers, first tidy up and replace the heating wires at the bottom of the seedbed, ensuring the circuit is normal and safe. The heating wires should be buried 10cm below the seedbed and will automatically stop heating once the set temperature is reached. Then, place the containers for sowing Amorphophallus konjac bulbs on the seedbed, burying the bottom of the containers 5cm below the seedbed. Control the temperature at the apical bud of the Amorphophallus konjac bulb, where sprouting is expected, at 25℃, and the soil moisture at 75%. The temperature and humidity of the containers should not be too high to avoid rotting at the base of the apical bud of the Amorphophallus konjac bulb and the appearance of aging buds.

[0099] Step 4: Self-pollination

[0100] (1) Third environmental condition control: In early March, the terminal buds of the Amorphophallus konjac bulbs begin to emerge from the soil. At this time, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 28℃, the humidity at 70%, the light intensity at 8000LX, the light exposure at 8h / darkness at 16h, and the water content in the soil in the container is 40%. The spathe can be fully differentiated in 10 days.

[0101] (2) Treatment of pistils and stamens

[0102] The pistil matures 7 days earlier than the stamens. By the time the stamens naturally shed pollen, the stigma of the pistil has lost or weakened its stickiness. Therefore, once the spathe of the spadix has emerged, the spathe scales can be removed to expose the stamens. The scales covering the pistil at the lower end should not be removed yet; instead, cover the upper part of the scales with plastic wrap to retain moisture. At the same time, cover the plastic wrap with small pieces of paper to block light.

[0103] The fourth environmental condition adjustment: The temperature inside the greenhouse was controlled at 32℃, humidity at 80%, and light intensity at 12000 LX, with a light / dark cycle of 12 hours. Three days after the fourth environmental condition adjustment, the light-blocking paper and plastic wrap were gradually removed, and the scales covering the pistil were peeled off. The stamens then began to release pollen, which took 12 hours from the start to the complete release of pollen. During this period, the stigma of the pistil remained relatively sticky, ensuring even and effective self-pollination. After the treatment of this invention, the pollen was basically attached to the surface of the stamens. A gentle tap on the spadix from top to bottom would cause the pollen to be evenly dispersed onto the stigma of the pistil, making the pollination process simple and efficient.

[0104] Fifth step, fifth environmental condition regulation

[0105] Starting in mid-to-late March, after more than 98% of the stamens have finished shedding pollen, the temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 28℃, humidity at 70%, and light intensity at 6000 LX, with 8 hours of light followed by 12 hours of darkness. Simultaneously, the water content of the soil in the containers should be maintained at 60% by mass, ideally forming a clump when squeezed in the hand, as the apical buds of the Amorphophallus konjac corms begin to differentiate into filamentous roots at this time, and drought should be avoided to prevent root growth. At the same time, good ventilation should be maintained in the greenhouse to prevent mold and rot on the fruit clusters and leaf bases. The greenhouse should be disinfected every 4 days using an ozone generator for 40 minutes each time.

[0106] Step 6: Harvesting and grading of seedlings

[0107] (1) Harvesting of Seedlings

[0108] On the 10th day after successful pollination, the ovary of the pistil will gradually swell, and the ovary wall will gradually change from dark green to deep green. A growth regulator is used to promote ear ripening. The formula of the growth regulator is as follows: 0.4g / 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0002g / 100g boric acid, 0.0002g / 100g calcium magnesium fertilizer (Gaoli Calcium Magnesium-Dugo), and 0.0001g / 100g brassinolide, with water as the solvent. The growth regulator should be sprayed onto the seedlings until dew drips from the surface.

[0109] Ten days later, spray the growth regulator again. Spray the seedlings with the growth regulator until dew drips from the surface to promote fruit growth, expansion and ripening.

[0110] As the fruit gradually swells, the length of the fruit cluster also increases; after 5 weeks, the fruit enlargement growth basically stops, and the entire fruit cluster is full and dark green. By mid-May, the fruit at the top of the cluster begins to change from dark green to yellow, and then gradually to brick red; generally, the entire fruit cluster is fully mature in 3 weeks. Seeds can be harvested one week after the entire plant matures.

[0111] (2) Grading of seedlings

[0112] Seedlings are graded according to three levels: bulb age, bulb weight, and seed weight. First, shriveled, soft, and damaged seeds are discarded. Then, they are graded according to seed weight: Grade 1 (Special Grade): Seed weight ≥ 0.8g; Grade 1 (Grade 1): 0.5g ≤ Seed weight < 0.8g; Grade 2 (Grade 2): 0.3g ≤ Seed weight < 0.5g; Grade 3 (Grade 3): 0.1g ≤ Seed weight < 0.3g; Grade 4 (Grade 4): Seed weight < 0.1g.

[0113] Step 7: Germination of Seedlings

[0114] (1) Breaking dormancy

[0115] After grading the harvested seeds, air-dry them for 2 days and then peel off the pericarps. In early June, soak them overnight in a soaking solution, from 6 pm to 6 am the next day, ensuring the solution covers the seeds. After soaking, place the seeds in mesh bags and rinse them under running water for 30 minutes, then sun-dry them for 3 hours.

[0116] The soaking solution formula is as follows: 0.002g / 100g GA3 (gibberellin), 0.001g / 100g thiourea, 0.0002g / 100g KT (6-furfurylaminopurine), with water as the solvent.

[0117] (2) Germination

[0118] After breaking dormancy, spread the seedlings evenly in a plastic mesh tray, ensuring the thickness does not exceed 0.5cm to prevent mold growth. Place the mesh tray inside a solid plastic dish, adding sterile water, ensuring the backs of the seedlings in the mesh tray are in contact with the water. Place a heater probe in the gap between the solid and mesh trays, setting the probe temperature to 25℃. Cover the top with a solid plastic lid. Change the sterile water once daily, and open the lid for 2 hours in the morning to allow ventilation. Gently turn the seeds evenly with a brush. Seedlings should begin to sprout white seeds in 5 days.

[0119] Step 8: Screening

[0120] Further grading was conducted according to four levels: bulb age, bulb weight, seed quality, and seed whitening status. Seeds with whitening were then screened. The screening method was as follows: First, remove completely moldy or soft seedlings; second, select seedlings with softened apical embryos, yellowed or thinned apical buds; third, remove seedlings with non-germinating plumules; and finally, select seedlings with normally germinating plumules showing whitening. Seedlings with normally germinating plumules showing whitening are characterized by short, strong apical buds that are pinkish-white or light pink, and plump and firm endosperm.

[0121] Step 9: Sow the germinated seeds.

[0122] (1) Seedbed sowing

[0123] In mid-to-late June, the selected seedlings that have sprouted are sown in greenhouse seedbeds. The seedbed soil is a mixture of substrate soil, earthworm manure, and organic fertilizer in a 2:1:1 mass ratio. The seedbed soil is spread in nutrient pools with dimensions of 20m (length), 3m (width), and 0.4m (height). The sowing depth is 2.0cm, the water content in the soil is 80% by mass, and the soil temperature at a depth of 5cm is controlled at 28℃. Seedlings will begin to emerge from the soil in early to mid-July. The organic fertilizer used is chicken manure.

[0124] (2) Seedling management

[0125] Between July and September, during the hot, sunny summer months, after seedling emergence, use shade nets, fans, and wet curtains to adjust the greenhouse temperature to 30℃, humidity to 70%, and light intensity to 5000 LX, with 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness. During this period, one week after seedling emergence and leaf expansion, apply nitrogen fertilizer to promote the change of leaf color from yellowish-green to bluish-green, thus promoting photosynthesis. The nitrogen fertilizer formula is as follows: 0.2g / 100g urea, 0.004g / 100g aminoethyl ester, with water as the solvent. Apply by foliar spraying, applying enough to cause water droplets to drip from the leaves.

[0126] Preferably, spraying should be done on a sunny afternoon between 5 pm and 6 pm, and repeated after 10 days. Meanwhile, the hot and humid summer environment easily leads to planthoppers and aphids feeding on seedlings. Use a mixture of 20% acetamiprid at 4000 times dilution and 0.5% deltamethrin at 1500 times dilution, spraying until water droplets drip from the leaves, and repeat every 10 days.

[0127] Step 10: Harvesting the seed taro

[0128] Starting in mid-to-late October, seedlings began to wither. The harvested seed tubers were graded according to five levels: tuber age, tuber weight, seed quality, seed emergence, and seed tuber quality. First, small tubers with damage, disease spots, or damaged apical buds were removed. Then, they were graded by tuber weight: Grade 1 (≥50g); Grade 1 (30g≤50g≤50g); Grade 2 (20g≤30g≤10g≤20g); Grade 3 (10g≤20g≤10g≤10g); Grade 4 (<10g). After grading by weight, the harvested tubers were sun-dried for 3 days (3 hours per day) under sunny conditions. Then, the graded tubers were packaged in plastic crates and stored in a warehouse.

[0129] Comparative Example 1: The second step of Example 1, "Storage of Amorphophallus konjac bulbs," was modified to: direct storage at a temperature of 8°C and a humidity of 50%, under natural indoor light. The remaining operations were the same as in Example 1.

[0130] The flowering start time and average aging bud rate of the Amorphophallus konjac corms after storage are shown in Table 1. The results show that the storage method affects the flowering time and average aging bud rate of the stored Amorphophallus konjac corms. Furthermore, the average aging bud rate of the method in this embodiment is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0131] Table 1. Results of flowering start time and average aging bud rate

[0132] Flowering start time Average aging bud rate / % Comparative Example 1 Early to mid-February 67.34 Example 1 mid-to-late March 3.69 Example 2 mid-to-late March 3.60

[0133] Comparative Example 2: Step 4, self-pollination, of Example 1 was changed to artificial pollination only; all other operations were the same as in Example 1. Average pollination rate, average seed setting rate, and results of green mold growth on the ears are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows that the self-pollination method of the present invention is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 2.

[0134] Table 2 Comparison of the effects of different pollination methods

[0135] Average pollination rate / % Average seed setting rate / % Ear mold rate / % Comparative Example 2 73.86 92.90 18.59 Example 1 96.35 97.34 4.41 Example 2 97.44 97.56 4.32

[0136] Comparative Example 3: The growth regulator treatment step in "Step 6, (1) Harvesting Seedlings" of Example 1 was removed, and the seedlings were allowed to grow naturally. All other operations were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3. The treatment method of the present invention is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 3.

[0137] Table 3 Comparison of the effects of different seed treatment methods on seedlings

[0138] Seed maturation start time Average number of berries / berry Average seed mass / g Comparative Example 3 mid-to-late August 77.3 0.12 Example 1 early to mid-June 92.7 0.37 Example 2 early to mid-June 92.8 0.38

[0139] Comparative Example 4: The steps "seventh step, (2) germination" and "ninth step, topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer" of Example 1 were removed, i.e., germination treatment and seedling fertilizer spraying were not performed, and the remaining operations were the same as in Example 1. The comparison results are shown in Table 4. The treatment method of the present invention is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 4.

[0140] Table 4 Comparison of germination treatment and seedling fertilizer application results

[0141]

[0142] It should be noted that when numerical ranges are involved in this invention, it should be understood that the two endpoints of each numerical range, as well as any value between the two endpoints, can be selected. Since the steps and methods used are the same as in the embodiments, preferred embodiments are described in this invention to avoid redundancy. Although preferred embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art, once they understand the basic inventive concept of this invention, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this invention.

[0143] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of equivalents of this invention, then this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A standardized production method of an annual flowering amorphophallus seed potato, characterized by, The application relates to a production method and a grading method. The production method comprises the following steps: In October-November of the year when the flower taros are excavated, flower-taro-variety flowering plants are collected to obtain flower-taro corms; storage is carried out in mid-November; in late January to early February of the next year, when the dormancy of the stored flower-taro corms is about to be removed, the flower-taro corms are aired, healthy flower-taro corms are treated with a mixed solution and are subjected to first environmental condition regulation, so as to promote the dormancy removal of the flower-taro corms and the growth of flower buds, the formula of the mixed solution is as follows: 0.0001g / 100mL-0.0002g / 100mL gibberellic acid, 0.0002g / 100mL-0.0004g / 100mL 50% thidiazuron, and water is used as a solvent; a greenhouse is seeded, self-pollination is carried out, and seedlings are harvested, and environmental condition regulation is carried out multiple times during the period; in addition, a growth regulator is used to promote the maturation of the fruit clusters after self-pollination, and the formula of the growth regulator is as follows: 0.2g / 100g-0.4g / 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0001g / 100g-0.0002g / 100g boric acid, 0.0001g / 100g-0.0002g / 100g calcium magnesium fertilizer, 0.00005g / 100g-0.0001g / 100g brassinolide, and water is used as a solvent; the seedlings are germinated to obtain seedling seeds with white coats; in mid-to-late June, the seedling seeds with white coats are seeded, and field management is carried out until the seedlings are harvested; The grading method comprises the following steps: in the process of the production method, flower-taro corms are classified and stored according to the seed age of the flower-taro corms, the weight of the flower-taro corms, the quality of the seedlings, the seedling seed white coat condition and the quality of the seedlings, and finally different types of seedlings are obtained; The first environmental condition regulation method is as follows: The flower-taro corms are classified according to the seed age of the flower-taro corms and the weight of the flower-taro corms, and are then laid in a room, the indoor temperature is controlled to be 18-22 DEG C, the humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, the light intensity is controlled to be 4000LX-6000LX, the light illumination is 8h / dark 16h, and the treatment time is 5-7 days; the mixed solution treatment is that the mixed solution is atomized and applied during the first environmental condition regulation; The second environmental condition regulation is carried out from after the greenhouse seeding to before the top bud of the flower-taro corms starts to sprout out of the soil, and the second environmental condition regulation is that the temperature is controlled to be 22-25 DEG C and the soil humidity is controlled to be 65-75%; The third environmental condition regulation is carried out after the top bud of the flower-taro corms starts to sprout out of the soil, and the third environmental condition regulation is that the temperature is controlled to be 25-28 DEG C, the humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, the light intensity is set to be 6000LX-8000LX, the light illumination is 8h / dark 16h, and the mass percentage of water in the soil is controlled to be 30-40%; the third environmental condition regulation is carried out until the spathaceous bract differentiation is complete. After the reveal of the flower spike, the spathes are cut to expose the stamens, and the fourth regulation is performed, with the conditions being: air temperature 28-32℃, humidity 70%-80%, light intensity 8000LX-12000LX, light 12 / dark 12h; after the fourth environmental condition regulation for 2-3 days, self-pollination is performed.

2. The standardized production method of year-round flower amorphophallus konjac seed tuber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of atomization application is: The mixed solution is atomized for 12h in the dark from 6pm to 6am the next day, with the total application amount being 10L per day; the total atomization is 2-3 times.

3. The standardized production method of year-round flower amorphophallus konjac seed tuber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fifth environmental condition regulation after self-pollination is: regulating the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-28℃, humidity 60%-70%, light intensity 4000LX-6000LX, light 8h / dark 12h; at the same time, the mass percentage of water in the soil in the vessel is kept at 50%-60%; the ventilation in the greenhouse is kept, and the disinfection is performed once every 3-4 days.

4. The standardized production method of annual flower amorphophallus seed tuber according to claim 1, characterized in that, 7-10 days after self-pollination, growth regulators are sprayed once, and 7-10 days later, growth regulators are sprayed again, with the spraying amount being: spraying until there are dew drops on the surface of the seedling seeds.

5. The standardized production method of annual flower amorphophallus seed tuber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of seedling germination of the seedling seeds is as follows: After the harvested seedling seeds are graded and air-dried, the pericarp is removed, and then in late May to early June, the seeds are soaked in the soaking solution overnight; after soaking, the seedling seeds are washed under running water for 20-30min, and then sun-dried for 2-3h; The soaking solution formula is: 0.001g / 100g-0.002g / 100g GA3, 0.0005g / 100g-0.001g / 100g thiourea, 0.0001g / 100g-0.0002g / 100g 6-furfuryl aminopurine, with water as the solvent; Seedling germination is performed at 22-25℃ until the seedling seeds are white, and the seedling germination is completed.

6. The standardized production method of annual flower amorphophallus seed tuber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of field management is as follows: After the seedling seeds are sown, the temperature of the 5-6cm deep soil layer of the seedbed is regulated to be 25±3℃; In July-September, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to be 25-30℃, humidity 60%-70%, light intensity 4000LX-5000LX, light 8h / dark 16h; and one week after germination and leaf expansion, nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed again every 7-10 days, by spraying, with the spraying amount being: water droplets on the leaves. The formula of the nitrogen fertilizer is: 0.1g / 100g-0.2g / 100g urea, 0.002g / 100g-0.004g / 100g fresh amine ester, with water as the solvent.

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