Ecological wave-resistant diversion system for preventing landslide surges

Abstract

An ecological wave-resistant flow guide system for preventing landslide surges comprises a slope arranged between a water surface and a resident gathering area, a plurality of rows of wave-resistant flow guide parts are arranged on the slope, every two adjacent rows of wave-resistant flow guide parts are alternately arranged, each wave-resistant flow guide part comprises a flow guide pool arranged on the slope, vegetation is planted on the slope above the flow guide pools, and the slope above the flow guide pools is provided with a water inlet. A water-permeable soil retaining pipe is arranged in the flow guide pool, a wave wall is arranged on a pipe opening of the end, facing the lower portion of the slope, of the soil retaining pipe, the face, facing the lower portion of the slope, of the wave wall is an arc face, and a plurality of water-permeable holes are formed in the wave wall. By designing the multi-stage low anti-sliding wave wall and the wide flow guide pool, wave breaking, flow guide and convection are caused by the wave wall-flow guide pool through the mountain potential inverted-V-shaped design, and an energy-consuming weir-pool structure is formed; shrubs are planted on the slope between the walls, and the water resistance of the slope is improved; finally, the novel ecological slope protection structure capable of efficiently defending landslides and surges is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of geological disasters, and particularly to an ecological wave-proof and diversion system for preventing landslide surges. Background Art

[0002] After the construction of reservoirs in mountainous areas, a large number of resettlement towns were built in the form of local back-to-back and concentrated living. For example, 103,500 immigrants were relocated from the Baihetan Hydropower Station reservoir area, and 35 urban towns and rural settlements were rebuilt; most of them were built on the waterfront of the reservoir. Due to strong human engineering activities and changes in reservoir water levels, it is not uncommon for settlements near reservoirs or rivers and lakes to be attacked by landslides and surges. For example, Wushan County, Shuitianba Town and Shazhenxi Town in the Three Gorges Reservoir area have all suffered catastrophic surges. Therefore, for riverside settlements in areas prone to geological disasters, landslide and surge defense measures are very necessary, which can effectively improve the ability to resist surges.

[0003] The traditional residential slope remediation measures such as retaining walls, lattice structures and square cutting are mainly used for anti-slip and aesthetic purposes, without considering the wave protection function. Passive measures such as breakwaters and wave-breaking walls can be used to resist tsunamis, waves, storm surges, etc.; however, in inland mountain communities, such high walls block people's vision, are unfriendly to the living environment, and are difficult to accept. At present, there is no efficient landslide and surge protection engineering structure or design method combined with slope ecological greening in China. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the current status of wave-breaking measures on the slopes of existing residential areas and the demand for ecological aesthetics, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for defending against landslides and surges. By designing a multi-level low anti-slip wave-breaking wall and a wide diversion pool, the wave-breaking wall-diversion pool utilizes the inverted V-shaped design of the mountain to cause wave breaking, diversion and convection, forming an energy-consuming weir-pool structure; shrubs are planted on the slopes between the walls to increase the water resistance of the slopes; and finally a new ecological slope protection structure that is efficient in defending against landslides and surges is realized.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: An ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surges comprises a slope arranged between a water surface and a residential gathering area, a plurality of rows of wave-breaking and diversion parts are arranged on the slope, two adjacent rows of wave-breaking and diversion parts are arranged alternately, the wave-breaking and diversion parts comprise a diversion pool arranged on the slope, vegetation is planted on the slope above the diversion pool, a permeable earth-retaining pipe is arranged in the diversion pool, a wave-breaking wall is arranged on the pipe opening at one end of the earth-retaining pipe facing down the slope, the wave-breaking wall has an arc surface facing down the slope, and a plurality of water-permeable holes are opened on the wave-breaking wall.

[0006] A permeable bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the diversion pond, and fine sand, crushed stones, pebbles or gravel are laid on the permeable bottom plate in sequence from bottom to top.

[0007] The height h1 of the wave-breaking wall is 1.5m, the thickness b1 is 0.3-0.5m, the diameter of the water-permeable hole is 0.1m, the ratio of the sum of the areas of the water-permeable holes to the back area of ​​the wave-breaking wall is 10%-30%, and the curvature α of the curved surface of the wave-breaking wall is 80-130°.

[0008] The horizontal distance between two adjacent diversion ponds on the slope and below the slope is 3-5m, and the bottom elevation of a diversion pond on the slope is greater than or equal to the bottom elevation of a diversion pond below the slope, and the height difference between the two diversion ponds does not exceed 2m.

[0009] The width a1 of the diversion pool is determined according to the height of the wave-breaking wall, a1=β×h1, 2≦β≦4; when H<3.00m, β is generally taken as 2; when H>10.00m, β is generally taken as 4; the height h2 is taken as 2.0-3.0m, and H is the surge wave height.

[0010] The particle size of fine sand is 0.001-0.003m, the particle size of crushed stone is 0.01-0.02m, and the particle size of pebble or gravel is 0.1-0.2m; the laying thickness ratio of the three materials is c1:c2:c3=1:1:2; the total thickness c of the three materials shall not exceed 1 / 3 of the height h2 of the diversion pool.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The new ecological wave-breaking wall-diversion pool system integrates the functions of wave breaking, wave blocking and flow diversion, achieving multiple wave blocking effects.

[0012] 2) The structure adopts low hollow multiple wave-breaking walls, which not only do not block the view of the residential areas, but also solve the problem that the thickness of tall independent wave-breaking walls needs to be increased during construction to improve the impact resistance.

[0013] 3) The structure was built in conjunction with slope prevention and control, achieving the dual functions of stabilizing the slope and preventing landslide surges.

[0014] 4) The connecting section of the wave-breaking wall adopts a terraced structure and is planted with vegetation, which increases the roughness of the slope while beautifying the environment and achieving an ecological wave-breaking effect.

[0015] 5) A new method for determining the number of rows of ecological wave-breaking walls is provided.

[0016] 6) The new ecological wave-breaking wall-diversion pond system adopts an inverted V-shaped layout, which increases the wave dissipation capacity and saves about 25% of the cost. Its wave-breaking effect is nearly 40-45% higher than that of traditional wave-breaking walls. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a top view schematic diagram of the present invention Figure 2It is a side longitudinal section schematic diagram of the present invention Figure 3 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the side longitudinal section of the present invention Figure 4 This is a top view of the present invention before planting plants Figure 5 This is a top view of the present invention after planting plants Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the diversion pond of the present invention Figure 7 This is a working diagram of the diversion pool and gravel layer.

[0018] In the picture: In the picture: 1 wave-breaking wall, 2 water-permeable holes, 3 bottom plate, 4 retaining pipe, 5 fine sand, 6 gravel, 7 pebbles, 8 terraced slope protection structure, 9 fir. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] There are a large number of landslides and dangerous rock masses distributed along the coast of a certain reservoir area. After being destroyed, they slide down into the water and cause secondary disasters such as surges, which seriously threaten the safety of life and property of residents on the reservoir bank and the operation of the waterway. In order to prevent and control landslide and surge disasters, it is planned to build an ecological wave-breaking and diversion system to defend against landslides and surges on the slope between the water surface of the reservoir area and the residential area.

[0021] The ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surges includes a slope arranged between the water surface and the residential area. When the average longitudinal gradient i0 of the slope is 0.2, it meets the local reservoir bank slope stability requirements. The maximum wave height prediction value of the surge within the residential area is 10m, and the wavelength is 30m. Multiple rows of wave-breaking and diversion parts are arranged on the slope, and two adjacent rows of wave-breaking and diversion parts are arranged alternately. Each row of wave-breaking and diversion parts includes multiple wave-breaking and diversion parts. The wave-breaking and diversion parts include a diversion pool arranged on the slope, and vegetation is planted on the slope above the diversion pool. A square retaining pipe 4 made of permeable concrete is arranged in the diversion pool, and a wave-breaking wall 1 is arranged on the pipe mouth of one end of the retaining pipe 4 facing the slope. The wave-breaking wall 1 has a curved surface facing the slope, and multiple permeable holes 2 are opened on the wave-breaking wall 1. A permeable bottom plate 3 made of concrete is provided at the bottom of the diversion pool. The wave-breaking and diversion system of this structure has the functions of stabilizing the slope and resisting landslide surges at the same time.

[0022] The height h1 of the wave-breaking wall 1 is 1.5m, the thickness b1 is 0.5m, the aperture of the water-permeable holes 2 is 0.1m, the number is 60, the ratio of the sum of the areas of the water-permeable holes 2 to the back area of ​​the wave-breaking wall 1 is 10%, and the arc angle α of the arc surface of the wave-breaking wall 1 is 80°. The arc-shaped wave-breaking wall 1 with holes can guide and reflect waves depending on the shape. Under the same conditions, the pressure on the wave-breaking wall after opening the holes is 15% lower than that of the ordinary wave-breaking wall, and the ability to resist surge energy is increased by about 20-30%.

[0023] The width a1 of the diversion pool is determined according to the height of the wave-breaking wall 1, and the width a1 of the diversion pool is β×h1=2×1.5=3m, and the depth h2 of the diversion pool is 2m; the thickness b2 of the bottom plate 3 is 0.5m, and according to the relationship between the width b1 of the wave-breaking wall 1 and the thickness b3 of the retaining pipe 4, b1=b3, the thickness b3 of the retaining pipe 4 is 0.5m; the width of the permeable concrete bottom plate 3 is a2=a1+2×b3=3.0+2×0.5=4.0m, and the height of the retaining pipe 4 is h3=h2+b2=2.0+0.5=2.5m. The height of the front retaining pipe 4 is h3=h2+b2=2.0+0.5=2.5m; the height of the rear retaining pipe 4 is h4=h3+a2×i0=2.5+4.0×0.2=3.3m.

[0024] Fine sand, crushed stone 6, and pebbles 7 are laid on the permeable bottom plate 3 from bottom to top. Among them: the particle size of fine sand 5 is 0.001-0.003m, the particle size of crushed stone 6 is 0.01-0.02m, and the particle size of pebbles 7 or gravel is 0.1-0.2m; the thickness c3 of fine sand 5 is 0.3m, the thickness c2 of crushed stone 6 is 0.15m, and the thickness c1 of pebbles 7 is 0.15m. The laying thickness ratio of the three materials is c1:c2:c3=1:1:2; the total thickness of the diversion pond filling c=c1+c2+c3=0.15+0.15+0.3=0.6m<1 / 3×h2=1 / 3×2.0m≈0.67m, which meets the design requirements. This laying method of sand and gravel can accelerate and strengthen water turbulence and discharge.

[0025] The horizontal distance l between two adjacent diversion pools on the slope and below the slope is 4m, and the bottom elevation of a diversion pool on the slope is greater than or equal to the bottom elevation of a diversion pool below the slope, and the height difference between the two diversion pools does not exceed 2m, so that the dual functions of slope protection and slope shape constraint can be achieved.

[0026] A terraced slope protection is provided on the slope, and vegetation is planted on the terraced slope protection. The vegetation is fir 9 and shrubs. The calculation method of the terrace height h5 is h5 = 1 / 4 × l × i0, and the step width a3 is 1.0m. The middle of the terrace is hollowed out and filled with soil for planting vegetation, and the width b4 of the surrounding walls around the terrace is 0.2m. The height of the fir 9 is 3.0m, and the height of the shrubs is 1m. The planted vegetation can minimize the energy of the flowing water.

[0027] The diversion pool is in the shape of a measuring bucket. This structure can cause the breaking of surging waves and greatly dissipate wave energy.

[0028] According to Eurotop (2018), when there is a building behind the sloped breakwater, the allowable overtopping amount Q should be less than 0.001m. 3 / (m·s); D=H c / i0(a2+c), (H is the height of the swell wave; Hc is the height from the top of the wall to the still water surface; L is the wavelength; Q is the overtopping amount; θ is the slope angle; γ f is the roughness coefficient of the slope protection surface, which is the connecting section of wave-breaking wall 1 in this paper, and can be solved according to the size of the step; γ v is the influence coefficient of wave-breaking wall 1, which is taken as 0.65; s is the influence coefficient of vegetation on surge waves, taken as 0.60) Substituting the above formula into the formula: Therefore

[0029] D=H c / i0(a2+c)=2.03 / 0.2(4+4)=1.26, so D is 2.

[0030] In summary, the parameters of the present invention are: the longitudinal slope gradient i0 is 0.2, the width b1 of the wave-breaking wall 1 is 0.5m, the height h1 is 1.5m, the curvature α is 80°, and the number of rows is 2; the depth h3 of the diversion pool is 2.0m, the width a2 is 3.0m, the thickness b2 of the permeable concrete bottom plate 3 is 0.5m, the width a1 is 4.0m, the thickness b3 of the retaining pipe 4 is 0.5m, the height h3 of the front retaining pipe 4 is 2.5m, and the height h4 of the rear retaining pipe 4 is 3.3m; the height h3 of the terrace is 0.4m, the width a3 is 1.0m, the width b4 of the surrounding walls is 0.2m, and the spacing l between the diversion pools is 4.0m.

[0031] The contents described in the embodiments of this specification are merely an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept. The protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms described in the embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. An ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surges, characterized by: It includes a slope arranged between the water surface and the residential gathering area, with multiple rows of wave-breaking diversion parts arranged on the slope, and two adjacent rows of wave-breaking diversion parts are arranged alternately. The wave-breaking diversion part includes a diversion pool arranged on the slope, vegetation is planted on the slope above the diversion pool, a permeable retaining pipe is arranged in the diversion pool, a wave-breaking wall is arranged on the pipe opening at one end of the retaining pipe facing the lower slope, the wave-breaking wall has an arc surface facing the lower slope, and multiple water-permeable holes are opened on the wave-breaking wall.

2. The ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surge according to claim 1 is characterized by: A permeable bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the diversion pond, and fine sand, crushed stones, pebbles or gravel are laid on the permeable bottom plate in sequence from bottom to top.

3. The ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surge according to claim 2 is characterized by: The height h1 of the wave-breaking wall is 1.5m, the thickness b1 is 0.3-0.5m, the diameter of the water-permeable hole is 0.1m, the ratio of the sum of the areas of the water-permeable holes to the back area of ​​the wave-breaking wall is 10%-30%, and the curvature α of the curved surface of the wave-breaking wall is 80-130°.

4. The ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surge according to claim 2 is characterized by: The horizontal distance between two adjacent diversion ponds on the slope and below the slope is 3-5m, and the bottom elevation of a diversion pond on the slope is greater than or equal to the bottom elevation of a diversion pond below the slope. The height difference between two adjacent diversion ponds on the slope and below the slope does not exceed 2m.

5. The ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surge according to claim 2 is characterized by: The calculation method of the diversion pool width a1 is: a1=β×h1, when H<3.00m, β is 2; when H>10.00m, β is 4; the depth h2 is 2.0-3.0m, and H is the surge wave height.

6. The ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surge according to claim 2 is characterized by: The particle size of fine sand is 0.001-0.003m, the particle size of crushed stone is 0.01-0.02m, and the particle size of pebble or gravel is 0.1-0.2m; the laying thickness ratio of the three materials is c1:c2:c3=1:1:2; the total thickness c of the three materials shall not exceed 1 / 3 of the height h2 of the diversion pool.

7. The ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surge according to claim 2 is characterized by: A terraced slope protection is provided on the slope, and vegetation is planted on the terraced slope protection. The vegetation is fir and shrubs. The calculation method of the terrace height h5 is h5=1 / 4×l×i0, and the step width a3 is 1.0m; the middle part of the terrace is hollowed out and filled with soil for planting vegetation.

8. The ecological wave-breaking and diversion system for preventing landslide surge according to claim 2 is characterized by: The diversion pool is in the shape of a measuring bucket.

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