Shielding member made of tungsten-based alloy material, preparation method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a shielding piece made of a tungsten-based alloy material, a preparation method and application, the tungsten-based alloy comprises a tungsten base and lanthanum hexaboride dispersed in the tungsten base, and the content of boron in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.01wt%-0.5wt%. The tungsten-based alloy in the application introduces lanthanum hexaboride, which is beneficial to the refinement of tungsten grains in the tungsten-based alloy, enhances the toughness of the tungsten-based alloy, reduces the ductile-brittle transition temperature, and improves the absorption capacity of the tungsten-based alloy to neutron irradiation; meanwhile, the introduction of the lanthanum hexaboride does not reduce the heat conduction performance of the tungsten base, but helps to improve the heat conduction performance of the material, which is all beneficial to the improvement of the service life of the shielding piece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear radiation shielding materials technology, and more specifically, to shielding components made of tungsten-based alloys, their preparation methods, and applications. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional nuclear radiation shielding materials are mainly composed of metallic lead and its polymer composites. They have good shielding effects against low-energy and high-energy X-rays and gamma rays, and are low in cost and easy to process. However, lead itself has a low melting point and certain biological toxicity, which limits its application in nuclear radiation shielding materials.

[0003] Tungsten has good radiation shielding properties and does not produce secondary electron radiation. However, pure tungsten is difficult to process, has a high ductile-brittle transition temperature, a low recrystallization temperature, and high brittleness after irradiation. Although some studies have shown that doping tungsten with rare earth oxides can improve the high temperature resistance and recrystallization temperature of the tungsten-based alloys, it will increase the brittleness of the material. Moreover, its ability to absorb neutron radiation still cannot meet the requirements of the first wall in a tokamak device.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide shielding components made of tungsten-based alloys, their preparation methods, and applications, and to provide a shielding component with strong absorption capacity for neutron irradiation, good toughness, low ductile-brittle transition temperature, and high recrystallization temperature.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a shielding component made of a tungsten-based alloy, wherein the tungsten-based alloy comprises a tungsten matrix and lanthanum hexaboride dispersed in the tungsten matrix, and the boron content in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.01wt%-0.5wt%.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the tungsten-based alloy satisfies at least one of the following characteristics:

[0009] The boron content is 0.03wt%-0.1wt%;

[0010] B has a thermal conductivity greater than 130 W / mK at 800℃;

[0011] C recrystallization temperature is greater than 1500℃;

[0012] The average grain size of D is 10μm-15μm;

[0013] E. The ductile-brittle transition temperature is ≤200℃.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy as described in the foregoing embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Pressing: A mixture containing tungsten metal and lanthanum hexaboride is pressed to obtain a pressed part;

[0016] Sintering involves sintering the pressed parts and then rolling or forging them to obtain rolled parts.

[0017] Annealing is performed on the rolled part to obtain the shielding part.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, the mixture is at least one of a first mixture and a second mixture:

[0019] The preparation method of the first mixture includes: ball milling and mixing lanthanum hexaboride and a portion of tungsten powder to obtain a premix, and then adding the remaining tungsten powder to the premix to obtain the first mixture;

[0020] The preparation method of the second mixture includes: mixing ammonium paratungstate and lanthanum hexaboride in a liquid to obtain a mixture, drying the mixture to obtain a mixed powder, and reducing and sintering the mixed powder to obtain the second mixture.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the lanthanum hexaboride in the first mixture has a Fisher particle size of 0.8 μm-1.2 μm, and the tungsten powder has a Fisher particle size of less than 2.5 μm-3.5 μm;

[0022] And / or, the ball milling time is 30h-72h, the rotation speed is 40rpm-100rpm, and the ball-to-material ratio is 8-12:1;

[0023] And / or, the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the premix to the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the first mixture is 5%-10%.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the method for preparing the second mixture satisfies at least one of the following features:

[0025] The ratio of the total mass of ammonium paratungstate and lanthanum hexaboride in the mixture to the mass of the liquid is 2.5-3.5:1;

[0026] b. The mixture is dried using a spray drying device, wherein the inlet temperature of the spray drying device is 290℃-300℃, the outlet temperature is 120℃-130℃, and the feed pump frequency is 70Hz-90Hz.

[0027] c. The atmosphere for reduction sintering is hydrogen, the reduction sintering temperature is 900℃-1000℃, and the reduction sintering time is 6h-9h.

[0028] In an optional implementation, a cold isostatic press is used to press the mixture at a pressure of 200MPa-250MPa for 80s-120s.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the sintering temperature is 2100℃-2300℃ and the time is 5h-8h.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, the rolling temperature is 1500℃-1600℃, and the rolling deformation is 52%-88%.

[0031] And / or, the annealing temperature is 1150℃-1250℃, and the time is 1h-2h.

[0032] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of the shielding component described in the foregoing embodiments or the shielding component prepared by the method described in any one of the foregoing embodiments as the first wall of nuclear fusion.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The introduction of lanthanum hexaboride into the tungsten-based alloy in the embodiments of the present invention is beneficial to the refinement of tungsten grains in the tungsten-based alloy, enhances the toughness of the tungsten-based alloy, reduces the ductile-brittle transition temperature, and improves its absorption capacity for neutron irradiation. At the same time, the introduction of lanthanum hexaboride not only does not reduce the thermal conductivity of the tungsten matrix, but also helps to improve the thermal conductivity of the material. All of these are beneficial to improving the service life of the shielding component. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a metallographic structure diagram of the shielding component in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a surface topography diagram of the shielding component in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 3 The image shows the XRD pattern of the shielding component in Example 1.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a metallographic structure diagram of the shielding component in Example 2;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a surface morphology diagram of the shielding component in Example 2;

[0041] Figure 6The image shows the XRD pattern of the shielding component in Example 2.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the shielding component in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0044] This invention provides a shielding component made of a tungsten-based alloy, wherein the tungsten-based alloy comprises a tungsten matrix and lanthanum hexaboride dispersed in the tungsten matrix, and the boron content in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.01wt%-0.5wt%.

[0045] The introduction of lanthanum hexaboride into the tungsten-based alloy in the embodiments of the present invention is beneficial to the refinement of tungsten grains in the tungsten-based alloy, enhances the toughness of the tungsten-based alloy, reduces the ductile-brittle transition temperature, and improves its absorption capacity for neutron irradiation. At the same time, the introduction of lanthanum hexaboride not only does not reduce the thermal conductivity of the tungsten matrix, but also helps to improve the thermal conductivity of the material. All of these are beneficial to improving the service life of the shielding component.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, the tungsten-based alloy satisfies at least one of the following characteristics:

[0047] The boron content is 0.03wt%-0.1wt%;

[0048] B has a thermal conductivity greater than 130 W / mK at 800℃;

[0049] C recrystallization temperature is greater than 1500℃;

[0050] The average grain size of D is 10μm-15μm;

[0051] E. The ductile-brittle transition temperature is ≤200℃.

[0052] This invention also provides a method for preparing the tungsten-based alloy shielding component described in the foregoing embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0053] Pressing: A mixture containing tungsten metal and lanthanum hexaboride is pressed to obtain a pressed part;

[0054] Sintering involves sintering the pressed parts and then rolling or forging them to obtain rolled parts.

[0055] Annealing is performed on the rolled part to obtain the shielding part.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the mixture is at least one of a first mixture and a second mixture.

[0057] In an optional embodiment, the preparation method of the first mixture includes: ball milling and mixing lanthanum hexaboride and a portion of tungsten powder to obtain a premix, and then adding the remaining tungsten powder to the premix to obtain the first mixture.

[0058] The mixture in this invention has two preparation methods. One method involves directly mixing and ball-milling lanthanum hexaboride and a portion of tungsten powder to obtain a premix, which is then mixed with the remaining tungsten powder. Without secondary mixing, it is difficult to form the final product after pressing. In this method, it is necessary to control both the particle size of the raw materials and the ball-milling conditions.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, the lanthanum hexaboride in the first mixture has a Fisher particle size of 0.8 μm-1.2 μm, and the tungsten powder has a Fisher particle size of less than 2.5 μm-3.5 μm. If the particle size of the raw materials is too large, the uniformity of the mixture will be reduced, which will reduce the performance of the tungsten-based alloy; if the particle size of the raw materials is too small, the processing difficulty will be increased.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, the ball milling mixing time is 30h-72h, the rotation speed is 40rpm-100rpm, and the ball-to-material ratio is 8-12:1 to ensure uniform mixing of tungsten powder and lanthanum hexaboride. In particular, a higher ball-to-material ratio is beneficial for the full mixing of raw materials.

[0061] In an optional embodiment, the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the premix to that in the first mixture is 5%-10%. First, lanthanum hexaboride and a small amount of tungsten powder are ball-milled, which is beneficial for pressing and molding.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the preparation method of the second mixture includes: mixing ammonium paratungstate and lanthanum hexaboride in a liquid to obtain a mixture, drying the mixture to obtain a mixed powder, and reducing and sintering the mixed powder to obtain the second mixture.

[0063] Typically, when the lanthanum hexaboride content in tungsten-based alloys is too high, directly mixing and ball-milling lanthanum hexaboride and tungsten powder to obtain a mixture will make the prepared shielding parts more prone to cracking, leading to an increased defect rate. However, pressing, sintering, rolling, and annealing the second mixture can maintain a high yield rate while maintaining a higher boron content. Furthermore, the second mixture is also suitable for preparing tungsten-based alloys with low boron content, making it more versatile.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the method for preparing the second mixture satisfies at least one of the following features:

[0065] The ratio of the total mass of ammonium paratungstate and lanthanum hexaboride in the mixture to the mass of the liquid is 2.5-3.5:1. Under normal circumstances, water can be selected as the liquid. A certain amount of water is beneficial to the uniform mixing of raw materials. However, if too much water is used, it will greatly increase the subsequent drying cost.

[0066] b. The mixture is dried using a spray drying device. The inlet temperature of the spray drying device is 290℃-300℃, the outlet temperature is 120℃-130℃, and the feed pump frequency is 70Hz-90Hz. The drying method can be selected from existing technologies. Spray drying is beneficial to improving drying efficiency and the resulting mixed powder has a relatively uniform and controllable particle size, which is beneficial to improving the quality of subsequent pressed parts.

[0067] The reduction sintering atmosphere described in c is hydrogen, the reduction sintering temperature is 900℃-1000℃, and the reduction sintering time is 6h-9h. Theoretically, a mixed powder can also be obtained by controlling the reduction sintering under vacuum conditions, but the oxygen content in the mixed powder obtained under vacuum conditions is higher than that under a hydrogen atmosphere, which is not conducive to improving the toughness of tungsten-based alloys. In this embodiment of the invention, a hydrogen atmosphere is selected, and the reduction sintering temperature and time are combined to control the oxygen content in the mixture to be less than 300ppm.

[0068] In an optional implementation, a cold isostatic press is used to press the mixture at a pressure of 200MPa-250MPa for 80s-120s.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, both the first mixture and the second mixture can be pressed using a cold isostatic press.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, the sintering temperature is 2100℃-2300℃ and the time is 5h-8h.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, the rolling temperature is 1500℃-1600℃, and the rolling deformation is 52%-88%.

[0072] And / or, the annealing temperature is 1150℃-1250℃, and the time is 1h-2h.

[0073] The present invention also provides an application of the shielding device described in the foregoing embodiments or the shielding device prepared by any of the methods described in the foregoing embodiments as the first wall of nuclear fusion.

[0074] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material, specifically including the following steps:

[0077] 1. Powder Mixing: Lanthanum hexaboride and tungsten powder are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:50, wherein the lanthanum hexaboride particle size is 1 μm and the tungsten powder particle size is 3 μm. The mixed powder is loaded into a ball mill jar with a ball-to-powder ratio of 10:1 and ball-milled at 50 RPM for 72 hours to obtain a premix. The ball-milled premix is ​​then poured into a V-type powder mixer, and tungsten powder of the same particle size is added. After mixing for 4 hours, it is taken out for later use to obtain the first mixture. The mass ratio of tungsten powder in the premix to the mass of tungsten powder in the first mixture is 5%, and the boron content in the first mixture is 0.0318 wt%.

[0078] 2. Pressing: The mixed tungsten powder is loaded into a cold isostatic pressing mold. The polyurethane mold is 32*200*250mm in size, and the stainless steel sleeve is 40*230*200mm in size. The mold with the material is placed in a cold isostatic press for pressing. The pressing force is 250MPa, and the pressure is held for 90s. After demolding, a 30*180*180 compact is obtained.

[0079] 3. Sintering: The pressed billet is placed in a medium-frequency induction furnace for sintering under a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 2200℃ for 8 hours.

[0080] 4. Rolling: The sintered sample is heated to 1500-1600℃ and rolled, with a rolling deformation of 52%.

[0081] 5. Anneal the rolled sample at 1200℃ for 1 hour to obtain the shielding component.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material, specifically including the following steps:

[0084] 1. Mixing powder: Mix ammonium paratungstate and lanthanum hexaboride at a ratio of 0.1wt% boron content in the shielding component, then add water and stir evenly to form a slurry with a material-to-liquid weight ratio of 3:1; spray granulation of the mixed slurry with an inlet temperature of 290-300℃, an outlet temperature of 120-130℃, and a feed pump frequency of 80Hz.

[0085] 2. Reduction: The sprayed powder is loaded into a clean molybdenum boat and placed in a continuous furnace for reduction treatment. The atmosphere is hydrogen, the hydrogen flow rate is 3-5 L / min, the maximum temperature is 900-1000℃, and the temperature is held for 8 hours to obtain powder with an oxygen content of less than 300 ppm.

[0086] 3. Pressing: The reduced tungsten powder is loaded into a cold isostatic pressing mold. The polyurethane mold is 32*200*250mm in size, and the stainless steel sleeve is 40*230*200mm in size. The mold with the material is placed in a cold isostatic press for pressing. The pressing force is 250MPa, and the pressure is held for 90s. After demolding, a 30*180*180mm compact is obtained.

[0087] 4. Sintering: The pressed billet is placed in a medium-frequency induction furnace for sintering under a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 2100℃ for 8 hours.

[0088] 6. Rolling: The sintered sample is heated to between 1500-1600℃ and rolled, with a rolling deformation of 52%.

[0089] 7. Anneal the rolled sample at 1200℃ for 1 hour to obtain the shielding component.

[0090] Example 3

[0091] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy, which differs from Embodiment 2 only in that the boron content in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.01 wt%.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy, which differs from Embodiment 2 only in that the boron content in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.5 wt%.

[0094] Example 5

[0095] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy, which differs from Embodiment 1 only in that the boron content in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.5 wt%.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material. The only difference from Embodiment 1 is that in the powder mixing step, lanthanum hexaboride and tungsten powder are mixed in a ratio of 0.0318 wt% boron content in the powder and then ball-milled, and then the ball-milled material is directly pressed.

[0098] Example 7

[0099] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material. The only difference from Embodiment 1 is that in the powder mixing step, the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the premix to the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the first mix is ​​7%.

[0100] Example 8

[0101] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material. The only difference from Embodiment 1 is that in the powder mixing step, the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the premix to the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the first mix is ​​10%.

[0102] Comparative Example 1

[0103] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material, which differs from Example 2 only in that lanthanum hexaboride is not added.

[0104] Comparative Example 2

[0105] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material. The only difference from Example 2 is that lanthanum hexaboride is replaced with an equimolar amount of lanthanum oxide.

[0106] Comparative Example 3

[0107] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material. The only difference from Example 2 is that lanthanum hexaboride is replaced with an equimolar amount of boron oxide.

[0108] Comparative Example 4

[0109] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy, which differs from Example 1 only in that the boron content in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.005 wt%.

[0110] Comparative Example 5

[0111] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy, which differs from Example 1 only in that the boron content in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.8 wt%.

[0112] Comparative Example 6

[0113] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material. The only difference from Example 2 is that lanthanum hexaboride is replaced with lanthanum oxide and boron. The amount of lanthanum added is the same for both lanthanum oxide and lanthanum hexaboride, and the amount of boron added is the same for both lanthanum oxide and lanthanum hexaboride. The mass percentage of lanthanum oxide is 0.251 wt%, and the mass percentage of boron is 0.1 wt%.

[0114] The thermal conductivity of the shielding components prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 was tested according to GB / T 22588-2008 "Measurement of thermal diffusivity or thermal conductivity by flash method", and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0115] Table 1

[0116]

[0117] The hardness of the shielding components prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 was measured according to GB / T2411. The core and the edge were divided into three parts with equal areas, and samples were taken from the surface and inside of each part to test the hardness. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0118] Table 2

[0119]

[0120] The performance of the shielding components prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples was compared. The neutron shielding coefficient was measured according to the enterprise standard "Q / CYSXY 001-2016" of Beijing Radiation Application Research Center. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0121] Table 3

[0122]

[0123] The crack rate in the table is P1 / P, where P1 refers to the number of cracks in the shielding component after sintering or thermal stress processing (the cracks must meet any of the following conditions: ① length greater than 20 μm; ② width greater than 1 μm; ③ depth greater than 1 μm); and P refers to the total number of shielding components prepared.

[0124] The metallographic structure, surface morphology, and XRD pattern of the shielding component in Example 1 are as follows: Figure 1-3 As shown in the figure, lanthanum hexaboride is evenly distributed in the tungsten-based alloy of the shielding component, with a small portion of lanthanum hexaboride concentrated in the distribution, and the lanthanum hexaboride phase can be clearly detected by XRD.

[0125] The metallographic structure, surface morphology, and XRD pattern of the shielding component in Example 2 are as follows: Figure 4-6 As shown in the figure, the lanthanum hexaboride particles in the tungsten-based alloy of the shielding component are dissolved in the matrix and are evenly distributed. It is difficult to scan the lanthanum hexaboride phase by XRD, and it can only be confirmed by SEM elemental distribution. This indicates that lanthanum hexaboride can exist in solid solution in the tungsten matrix during sintering.

[0126] Comparative Example 1 did not contain lanthanum hexaboride, so it did not have the strengthening effect of lanthanum hexaboride, and its effect was the same as that of pure tungsten.

[0127] In Comparative Example 2, the addition of only lanthanum oxide did not significantly improve the hardness, but it had a significant impact on the ductile-brittle transition temperature and recrystallization temperature. However, it could not improve the neutron shielding effect of the tungsten alloy.

[0128] Comparative Example 3 only added boron oxide. The boron oxide exists in the form of foreign matter at the grain boundaries and has no wettability to the grain boundaries, which reduces toughness and plasticity. This will cause cracking at the weak point during processing.

[0129] In Comparative Example 4, due to the insufficient addition of lanthanum hexaboride, the improvement in the grain refinement effect of lanthanum and the neutron shielding effect of boron was not significant.

[0130] Comparative Example 5 has a high lanthanum hexaboride content. Assuming a boron content of 0.8%, the lanthanum content is 1.715%. During the sintering process at 2100-2300℃, some lanthanum will volatilize. The volatilized lanthanum hexaboride will further react with the tungsten matrix to form tungsten boride or elemental boron particles. Both tungsten boride and elemental boron are particles with higher hardness and are more present in the grain boundaries. During the hot stress processing, the material is prone to severe cracking.

[0131] Comparative Example 6, with the addition of lanthanum oxide and boron, while lanthanum oxide can refine grains and lower the ductile-brittle transition temperature, the presence of elemental boron easily leads to the formation of borides or boron oxide at grain boundaries during sintering. This lack of wettability at grain boundaries reduces toughness and plasticity, making the material prone to cracking during hot pressure processing and hindering other tests. In contrast, lanthanum hexaboride has a stable structure and does not easily decompose into other products during sintering, thus avoiding this problem. Furthermore, lanthanum hexaboride acts as a pinning agent at grain boundaries, possessing some wettability and preventing crack propagation. Figure 7 .

[0132] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material, characterized in that, The tungsten-based alloy comprises a tungsten matrix and lanthanum hexaboride dispersed in the tungsten matrix. The composition of the tungsten-based alloy consists of tungsten and lanthanum hexaboride, and the boron content in the tungsten-based alloy is 0.03wt%-0.1wt%. The recrystallization temperature of the tungsten-based alloy is greater than 1500℃ and the ductile-brittle transition temperature is ≤200℃.

2. The shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tungsten-based alloy satisfies at least one of the following characteristics B or D: B has a thermal conductivity greater than 130 W / mK at 800℃; The average grain size of D is 10μm-15μm.

3. A method for preparing a shielding component made of tungsten-based alloy material as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Pressing: A mixture containing tungsten metal and lanthanum hexaboride is pressed to obtain a pressed part; Sintering involves sintering the pressed parts and then rolling or forging them to obtain rolled parts. Annealing is performed on the rolled part to obtain the shielding part.

4. The method for preparing the tungsten-based alloy shielding component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mixture is at least one of the first mixture and the second mixture: The preparation method of the first mixture includes: ball milling and mixing lanthanum hexaboride and a portion of tungsten powder to obtain a premix, and then adding the remaining tungsten powder to the premix to obtain the first mixture; The preparation method of the second mixture includes: mixing ammonium paratungstate and lanthanum hexaboride in a liquid to obtain a mixture, drying the mixture to obtain a mixed powder, and reducing and sintering the mixed powder to obtain the second mixture.

5. The method for preparing the tungsten-based alloy shielding component according to claim 4, characterized in that, The Fisher particle size of lanthanum hexaboride in the first mixture is 0.8 μm-1.2 μm; And / or, the ball milling time is 30h-72h, the rotation speed is 40rpm-100rpm, and the ball-to-material ratio is 8-12:1; And / or, the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the premix to the mass ratio of tungsten powder in the first mixture is 5%-10%.

6. The method for preparing the tungsten-based alloy shielding component according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for preparing the second mixture satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: The ratio of the total mass of ammonium paratungstate and lanthanum hexaboride in the mixture to the mass of the liquid is 2.5-3.5:1; b. The mixture is dried using a spray drying device, wherein the inlet temperature of the spray drying device is 290℃-300℃, the outlet temperature is 120℃-130℃, and the feed pump frequency is 70Hz-90Hz; c. The atmosphere for reduction sintering is hydrogen, the reduction sintering temperature is 900℃-1000℃, and the reduction sintering time is 6h-9h.

7. The method for preparing the tungsten-based alloy shielding component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mixture is pressed using a cold isostatic press at a pressure of 200MPa-250MPa for 80s-120s.

8. The method for preparing the tungsten-based alloy shielding component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sintering temperature is 2100℃-2300℃, and the time is 5h-8h.

9. The method for preparing the tungsten-based alloy shielding component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rolling temperature is 1500℃-1600℃, and the rolling deformation is 52%-88%; And / or, the annealing temperature is 1150℃-1250℃, and the time is 1h-2h.

10. The application of a shielding component as described in claim 1 or 2, or a shielding component prepared by the method described in any one of claims 3-9, as a first wall for nuclear fusion.

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