High-power large-angle full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased-array antenna unit and array

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-power large-angle full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased-array antenna unit and array, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The antenna unit comprises a metal radiator, a reflection floor, a cross matching feed panel, a periodic medium matching layer, a common-mode suppression column and a radio frequency connector. The metal radiator is of a cross structure, gap grooves are reserved in the four edges of the metal radiator, exponential radiation edges are arranged above the grooves, and a semicircular matching circle is reserved in the middle of each groove. The reflection floor is positioned below the metal radiator; the cross matching feed panel is embedded in the slot groove of the metal radiator, and a printed circuit is arranged on the cross matching feed panel to serve as an antenna feed line; the medium matching layer is positioned above the metal radiator; the common-mode suppression columns are located at four corners of the reflection floor; and the radio frequency connector passes through the reflection floor to be connected with the cross matching feed panel and is used for feeding the whole antenna unit. The array includes a plurality of antenna units. According to the invention, the problem of large-angle full-plane scanning is solved, and the good full-plane + / -60-degree scanning characteristic is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, and in particular relates to a high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit and an array. Background Art

[0002] Active solid-state transceiver components are often used in phased arrays to feed antenna units, which have the advantages of fast scanning speed and precise beam pointing. In the current research field of phased arrays, the design of broadband and wide-angle coverage phased array antennas has become an important trend. In wide-angle scanning planar arrays, the optimization of the active standing wave ratio of units in different slices of the array is a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently at the current stage. At the same time, with the continuous development of the field of electronic warfare, higher requirements are placed on the design of high-power dual-polarization phased array antennas.

[0003] Although some phased array antennas that can achieve ±60° scanning have been published, it is known from the literature that most phased array antennas only provide scanning characteristics in the two-dimensional plane of azimuth and elevation. There are still problems to varying degrees with the active standing wave ratio of the antenna in the full plane (arbitrary section), and there are still very few large-angle full-plane scanning phased array antennas that can simultaneously meet the requirements of high power and dual-polarization operation.

[0004] In summary, in order to cope with the rapid development of the field of electronic warfare, it is of great significance to develop a full-plane scanning phased array antenna unit with high power, broadband, large-angle scanning, and dual-polarization working simultaneously. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are:

[0006] In order to avoid the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit and array, aiming to achieve large-angle full-plane scanning under the premise of high power, broadband, and dual polarization working simultaneously.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit, characterized in that it includes: a metal radiator, a reflective floor, a cross-matching feed plate, a periodic dielectric matching layer, a common-mode suppression column and a radio frequency connector;

[0009] The metal radiator is a cross structure, with gap grooves on its four sides, exponential radiation edges above the grooves, and a semicircular matching circle in the middle of the grooves;

[0010] The reflective floor is located below the metal radiator;

[0011] The cross-matching feed plate is embedded in the slot groove of the metal radiator, and a printed circuit is provided on the cross-matching feed plate as an antenna feed line;

[0012] The dielectric matching layer is located above the metal radiator;

[0013] The common mode suppression columns are located at the four corners of the reflective floor;

[0014] The radio frequency connector passes through the reflective floor and is connected to the cross-matching feeding plate, so as to feed the entire antenna unit.

[0015] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the metal radiator is connected to the reflective floor and the dielectric matching layer by screws.

[0016] A further technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the reflective floor is square, the side length of which is consistent with the spacing between the antenna units, and two circular feeding holes are provided on the reflective floor so that the RF connector can pass through the holes and connect to the cross-matching feeding board.

[0017] A further technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the cross-matching feed board is composed of four rectangular circuit boards, and a notch is provided at the bottom for avoiding the radio frequency connector.

[0018] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the printed circuit is a strip line, which serves as an antenna feeding balun, and includes a fan-shaped matching section and an impedance gradient section, which respectively realize the broadband matching of capacitance and inductance and the transformation from high impedance to 50Ω standard impedance.

[0019] A further technical solution of the present invention: the dielectric matching layer is circular and placed close to the upper surface of the metal radiator, with a diameter of 0.1λ h ~1λ h , where λ h is the wavelength of high frequency medium.

[0020] A further technical solution of the present invention is: there are four common mode suppression columns, each of which is in the shape of a quarter cylinder and has a diameter of 0.1λ. L ~1λ L , with a height of 0.1λ h ~1λ h , where λ L is the low-frequency free-space wavelength, λ h is the high frequency free space wavelength.

[0021] A debugging method for a high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit, characterized by comprising:

[0022] The radiation efficiency can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the semicircular matching circle;

[0023] By adjusting the diameter, thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric matching layer, not only can the antenna scanning angle be widened, but the completely symmetrical circular structure can also further improve the antenna's full-plane scanning characteristics;

[0024] By adjusting the diameter and height of the common-mode suppression column, the scanning blind area can be eliminated, broadband impedance matching can be achieved, and the antenna scanning angle can be widened.

[0025] A high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna array, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of the above-mentioned antenna units, the plurality of antenna units are distributed in an array, and the side length of the reflective floor is used as the spacing between the antenna units;

[0026] The dielectric matching layers of adjacent antenna units form a periodic matching layer;

[0027] The common-mode suppression columns of adjacent antenna units form a complete cylinder;

[0028] The cross-matching feed boards of adjacent antenna units are combined into one piece.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] The present invention provides a high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna unit and array. The unit adopts an all-metal structure to improve the antenna power resistance value, and at the same time, the feed plate is cleverly embedded in the radiator, and a printed strip line is used as the antenna feed line. A circular dielectric matching layer and a common-mode suppression column are added to widen the full-plane scanning angle and match the active standing wave. The array antenna composed of the antenna unit has good scanning characteristics in the full plane and at a large angle, which solves the scanning blind area problem of the phased array antenna when scanning in different planes.

[0031] The present invention solves the problem of achieving large-angle full-plane scanning under the premise of high-power, wideband, and dual-polarization working simultaneously, realizes good scanning characteristics of the full plane of ±60°, avoids the problem of active standing wave ratio deterioration of traditional phased array antennas in large-angle scanning states in different planes, resulting in burning of the power amplifier, and has good application prospects in the field of high-power, wide-bandwidth and wide-angle interference phased arrays.

[0032] The details are as follows:

[0033] 1. The metal radiator of the antenna unit of the present invention adopts a cross structure to achieve dual-polarized radiation. The main radiating part and the reflective bottom plate are all made of metal, with good high-power resistance performance, and a single channel can withstand 100w power. After the array is formed, the adjacent radiators are closely connected, which approximately satisfies the current sheet model, and the closely adjacent units produce mutual coupling to improve the matching performance of the antenna port and widen the bandwidth.

[0034] 2. The cross-matching feed board in the present invention is cleverly embedded in the slot groove structure on the side of the metal radiator, and the stripline circuit thereon serves as the antenna feed line. Simulation experiments show that by selecting the appropriate stripline shape and size, the impedance matching performance of the antenna feeding part can be effectively improved, thereby improving the full-plane radiation characteristics of the antenna.

[0035] 3. The present invention innovatively adds four common-mode suppression columns at the four corners of the antenna unit, which can eliminate the scanning blind area, achieve broadband impedance matching, and widen the antenna scanning angle. The present invention adopts a periodic dielectric matching layer with a circular structure. By reasonably adjusting the diameter, thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric matching layer, it can not only widen the antenna scanning angle, but also the completely symmetrical circular structure can further improve the full-plane scanning characteristics of the antenna. The above multiple means are implemented together, so that the antenna of the present invention can achieve full-plane ±60° wide-angle scanning in the 1.5GHz-2.7GHz frequency band (scanning active standing wave ratio ≤3). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like components throughout the drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 This is the overall structural diagram of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is an overall back view of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 It is an exploded diagram of the antenna unit structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the metal radiator of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a back view of the metal radiator of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the reflection floor of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the cross-matching feed board of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the printed circuit of the present invention.

[0045] Fig. 9 It is a structural diagram of the common-mode suppression column of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0046] Fig.10 It is a structural diagram of the periodic dielectric matching layer of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0047] Fig.11 It is a structural diagram of the radio frequency connector of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0048] Fig.12 This is the full-plane active standing wave diagram when the antenna unit of the present invention scans 60°.

[0049] Fig.13 This is a structural diagram of the antenna units of the present invention after being arrayed (hiding the periodic dielectric matching layer).

[0050] In the figure:

[0051] 1-metal radiator; 2-reflection floor; 3-cross matching feed board; 4-common mode suppression column; 5-periodic dielectric matching layer; 6-RF connector; 101-arc radiating edge; 102-semicircular matching curve; 103-gap groove; 104-first threaded hole; 105-second threaded hole; 106-avoidance groove; 201-circular feed hole; 202-screw hole; 301-printed circuit; 302-notch; 501-outer shape; 502-mounting hole; 601-inner conductor; 602-medium; 603-housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0053] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 An embodiment of the present invention proposes a high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit, including a metal radiator 1, a reflective floor 2, a cross-matching feed plate 3, a common-mode suppression column 4, a periodic dielectric matching layer 5, and a radio frequency connector 6.

[0054] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the metal radiator 1 is the main radiating part of the entire antenna unit, which adopts a cross-cross structure to realize dual-polarized radiation; the arc-shaped radiation edge 101 at the edge of the metal radiator 1 is an exponential curve with a suitable gradient rate; a semicircular matching curve 102 is arranged below the metal radiator 1, and good radiation efficiency can be obtained by controlling the diameter of the matching curve; a gap groove structure 103 is designed on the side of the arc-shaped radiation edge 101, and the groove is used to fix the cross-matching feed plate 3; the top and bottom of the metal radiator 1 are respectively reserved with a first threaded hole 104 and a second threaded hole 105, which are respectively used to fix the periodic medium matching layer 5 and the reflection floor 2; in addition, a welding avoidance groove 106 is reserved at the corresponding position of the end of the strip line of the cross-matching feed plate 3.

[0055] like Figure 6 As shown, the reflective floor 2 is square in shape, with a side length consistent with the spacing between antenna units, and two circular feeding holes 201 are left on it so that the RF connector 6 can pass through the holes to feed the antenna units; the metal radiator 1 and the reflective floor 2 are fixed with screws through the screw holes 202.

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown, the cross-matching feed board 3 is disconnected in the middle and is not through, and is divided into four rectangular circuit boards, with a printed circuit 301 in the middle as an antenna feed line, embedded in the gap groove structure 103 in the metal radiator 1; a notch 302 is provided below the cross-matching feed board 3 to expose the end portion of the feed line, and the feed line end is welded and connected to the inner conductor of the RF connector 6.

[0057] like Figure 8 As shown, the printed circuit 301 is a stripline, which serves as an antenna feeding balun, and includes a sector-shaped matching section and an impedance gradient section, which respectively realize the broadband matching of capacitance and inductance and the transformation from high impedance to 50Ω standard impedance.

[0058] like Fig. 9 As shown, there are four common mode suppression columns 4, which are distributed at the four corners of the reflective floor 2. Each suppression column is a metal column in the shape of a quarter cylinder and has a specific diameter (0.1λ L ~1λ L ,λ L is the low frequency free space wavelength) and height (0.1λ h ~1λ h ,λ h is the high-frequency free-space wavelength), and after being arrayed, it can form a complete cylinder with the surrounding units, which is convenient for engineering implementation.

[0059] like Fig.10 As shown, the shape 501 of the periodic dielectric matching layer 5 is a completely symmetrical circular structure, which can evenly improve the scanning characteristics of each plane of the antenna; the periodic dielectric matching layer 5 is placed close to the top of the antenna unit of the present invention, and a mounting hole 502 is left in the center, which is fixed to the top of the metal radiator 1 using a dielectric material screw or a nylon screw. The periodic dielectric matching layer 5 has a specific diameter (0.1λ h ~1λ h ,λ h is the high-frequency medium wavelength), thickness and dielectric constant, and together with adjacent units forms a periodic matching layer.

[0060] The RF connector 6 is located at the bottom of the reflective floor, its outer conductor is connected to the reflective floor, and its inner conductor is welded to the strip line on the cross-matching feed board but not connected to the metal radiator. The RF connector is used to feed the entire antenna unit. Fig.11As shown, it consists of an inner conductor 601, a dielectric 602, and an outer shell 603; the inner conductor 601 and the dielectric 602 pass through the circular feeding hole 201 on the reflective floor 2 to form a coaxial structure, and the inner conductor 601 is welded and connected to the printed circuit 301 on the cross-matching feeding board 3; the outer shell 603 is fixed to the bottom of the reflective floor 2 by screws.

[0061] like Fig.12 As shown, in the 60° large-angle scanning state, the active standing waves of the antenna unit of the present invention at 0°, 45°, and 90° are all less than 3, and the antenna unit realizes the full-plane large-angle scanning function.

[0062] The main body of the antenna unit of the present invention is made of all-metal material, which has good heat dissipation performance and high-power resistance performance, so that the antenna can work stably for a long time under high-power conditions.

[0063] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna array, such as Fig.13 As shown, it includes multiple antenna units as mentioned above, and the multiple antenna units are distributed in an array; the dielectric matching layers 5 of adjacent antenna units form a periodic matching layer; the common-mode suppression columns 4 of adjacent antenna units form a complete cylinder; and the cross-matching feeding plates 3 of adjacent antenna units are combined into one piece.

[0064] It can be seen from the above specific embodiments that the antenna of the present invention has good feasibility in engineering applications. The antenna unit of the present invention is implemented by a variety of means to achieve the large-angle full-plane scanning characteristics, solve the scanning blind area problem of the phased array antenna when scanning in different planes, and avoid the problem of the traditional phased array antenna burning the power amplifier due to the deterioration of the active standing wave ratio in the state of large-angle scanning in different planes. It has good application prospects in the field of high-power, wide-bandwidth and wide-angle interference phased array.

[0065] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit, characterized in that: include: A metal radiator (1), a reflective floor (2), a cross-matching feed plate (3), a periodic dielectric matching layer (5), a common-mode suppression column (4) and a radio frequency connector (6); The metal radiator (1) is a cross structure, with gap grooves on its four sides, exponential radiating edges above the grooves, and a semicircular matching circle in the middle of the grooves; The reflective floor (2) is located below the metal radiator (1); The cross-matching feed plate (3) is embedded in the slot groove of the metal radiator (1), and a printed circuit is provided on the cross-matching feed plate as an antenna feed line; The dielectric matching layer (5) is located above the metal radiator (1); The common-mode suppression columns (4) are located at the four corners of the reflective floor (2); The radio frequency connector (6) passes through the reflective floor (2) and is connected to the cross-matching feeding plate (3) for feeding the entire antenna unit.

2. According to claim 1, a high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit is characterized in that: The metal radiator (1) is connected to the reflective floor (2) and the dielectric matching layer (5) via screws.

3. The high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflective floor (2) is a square, the side length of which is consistent with the antenna unit spacing, and is provided with two circular feeding holes (201) so that the radio frequency connector (6) can pass through the holes to connect with the cross matching feeding plate (3).

4. The high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-matching feed board (3) is composed of four rectangular circuit boards, and a notch (302) is provided at the bottom for avoiding the radio frequency connector (6).

5. The high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The printed circuit is a strip line, which is used as an antenna feeding balun, and includes a fan-shaped matching section and an impedance gradient section, which respectively realize the broadband matching of capacitance and inductance and the transformation from high impedance to 50Ω standard impedance.

6. The high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric matching layer (5) is circular, placed close to the upper surface of the metal radiator (1), and has a diameter of 0.1λ. h ~1λ h , where λ h is the wavelength of high frequency medium.

7. The high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four common-mode suppression columns (4), each of which is in the shape of a quarter cylinder and has a diameter of 0.1λ. L ~1λ L , with a height of 0.1λ h ~1λ h , where λ L is the low-frequency free-space wavelength, λ h is the high frequency free space wavelength.

8. A debugging method for a high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna unit, characterized in that: include: The radiation efficiency can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the semicircular matching circle; By adjusting the diameter, thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric matching layer, not only can the antenna scanning angle be widened, but the completely symmetrical circular structure can also further improve the antenna's full-plane scanning characteristics; By adjusting the diameter and height of the common-mode suppression column, the scanning blind area can be eliminated, broadband impedance matching can be achieved, and the antenna scanning angle can be widened.

9. A high-power, large-angle, full-plane scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna array, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of antenna units as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of antenna units are distributed in an array, and the side length of the reflecting floor (2) is used as the spacing between the antenna units; The dielectric matching layers (5) of adjacent antenna units form a periodic matching layer; The common mode suppression columns (4) of adjacent antenna units form a complete cylinder; The cross-matching feeding plates (3) of adjacent antenna units are combined into one piece.

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