Ecological planting method for rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and tomatoes

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological planting method for rotation of stropharia rugoso-annulata and tomatoes, and belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom and vegetable cultivation. According to the method, a shoulder belt type greenhouse and an insect-proof net are built to create a natural growth environment of crops, reasonable crop rotation arrangement is conducted on the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the tomatoes, and management of key periods of cultivation processes such as stropharia rugoso-annulata compost and auxiliary material inoculation, management after inoculation, tomato field planting and a growth period is conducted, so that seasonal production of rotation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the tomatoes is achieved; pesticide and chemical fertilizer do not need to be applied in the cultivation process, and crop products are green, organic, stable in yield, easy and extensive to manage, low in cost and capable of being applied and popularized in a large area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungi and vegetable cultivation, and more particularly to an ecological planting method of stropharia and tomato in crop rotation. Background Art

[0002] Stropharia belongs to the genus Stropharia of the family Strophariaceae, order Agaricales, subphylum Basidiomycetes. It looks very similar to matsutake mushroom, commonly known as "red pine mushroom". Due to its bright color, fragrant smell, delicate and crisp, soft taste, smooth and delicious taste, it can be eaten fresh or dried, and is well received by consumers. Stropharia fruiting bodies contain a relatively high level of protein and polysaccharides, mineral elements, vitamins and other substances that are beneficial to human health. It has high nutritional value and health functions, and is a complete nutritional health food with "meat in vegetarian food". With the rapid development of Stropharia in recent years, while the planting scale and market share continue to increase, consumers are increasingly pursuing higher quality, greener, more organic and healthier products.

[0003] At present, continuous cropping of Stropharia in production will lead to problems such as mushroom shed pollution and infection by other bacteria. Continuous planting of Stropharia not only reduces the yield but also reduces the quality. In addition, with the development of the Stropharia industry, a large amount of mushroom residue is produced every year. If the mushroom residue is not effectively utilized or managed, it will cause great pollution to the surrounding environment. The problem of repeated cropping of Stropharia can be solved by rotating it with other crops. For example, CN108496712B discloses a cultivation method of intercropping Stropharia with cucumber, CN108990699B discloses a facility cultivation method of rotating Stropharia with pepper, and CN 115943842A discloses an ecological planting method of rotating Stropharia with leek. The above three patents are all about the rotation or intercropping of Stropharia with vegetables in a protected environment, which has many disadvantages: large investment in facilities; high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation in the protected environment, which makes crops prone to diseases and even more harmful to the health of workers, making them susceptible to bone diseases; the use of fertilizers or pesticides is involved in the cultivation process, causing pollution to the environment and fruits, and posing serious hidden dangers to food safety; the facility cultivation environment is mostly off-season production, which cannot follow the natural growth law and cannot give full play to the natural quality of crops.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a year-round, seasonal, green cultivation model and method for Stropharia officinalis is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an ecological planting method of Stropharia rugosotis and tomato in crop rotation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An ecological planting method of Stropharia officinalis and tomato rotation comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) From early September of the current year to mid-April of the following year, the cultivation of Stropharia rugosodium in China includes the following steps:

[0009] (1-1) Compost fermentation: In mid-August, corn stalks, corn cobs, fruit tree branches and lime were mixed in a mass ratio of 38:30:30:2 and used as compost components after compost fermentation;

[0010] (1-2) Construction of mushroom shed: Using galvanized steel pipe as the main body, build a multi-span shoulder-type shed with a ridge height of 3.8m in the north-south direction, the length of which is equal to the planting length, and the span of each arch is 6m. Cover the shoulder with shed film at least 2m above the ground, and surround it with insect-proof nets;

[0011] (1-3) Preparation before planting: Before laying the material, clean the garden, spread lime powder 50kg / mu, turn the soil 20-30cm deep, harrow, level and make ridges;

[0012] (1-4) Inoculation: In early September, spray 1.5 tons / mu of 1% lime water on the soil, and sow in a plum blossom pattern by laying three layers of culture material and sowing two layers of bacteria. After the inoculation, cover with 3-5 cm of furrow soil, straw and shade net in turn;

[0013] (1-5) Management of spawning: When the temperature drops below 15°C in November, build a small shed and ventilate to ensure that the culture medium temperature is controlled at 10-25°C and the relative humidity of the air is controlled at 80-85%;

[0014] (1-6) Fruiting management: After the mycelium crawls out of the soil, sprinkle water for fruiting in time to ensure that the air humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 85-95%. When small mushroom buds appear, spray water mist in time to ensure that the air humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 75-90%;

[0015] (1-7) Harvesting: From New Year's Day to Spring Festival, the harvest is at its peak and should be harvested in time to avoid spore shedding;

[0016] (2) From the end of April to the end of August of the following year, tomatoes are planted on the field after the mushroom residue has been returned to the field, including the following steps:

[0017] (2-1) Tomato seedling cultivation: In early March, tomato seeds were cultivated to 5-leaf 1-heart stage seedlings for transplanting;

[0018] (2-2) Tomato planting: After the harvest of Stropharia officinalis, the land is prepared and ridges are formed, and then the tomato seedlings are planted. After planting, the first watering is carried out, and the watering amount is about 20m 3 / mu, to slow down the seedlings;

[0019] (2-3) Management of tomato during the growth period: 30 days after planting, use nylon rope to wrap the plants and hang them up. When the side branches grow to 10 cm, prune them. After the first bunch of fruits has set, water them for the second time. The amount of water is about 20m 3 / mu, then water in time to keep the soil dry and moist, remove all old leaves under the color-changing ears in time after the color change, until there are 5 ears of fruit on each branch, and 2 leaves on the upper part for topping and removing the growth point;

[0020] (2-4) Tomato harvesting: Tomatoes begin to ripen in early July and should be harvested when they are half-ripe.

[0021] (2-5) Garden cleaning: At the end of August, after the fifth bunch of tomatoes has been harvested, the tomato vines are removed and step (1-3) of preparation for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus is carried out.

[0022] The shoulder-strap type greenhouse is well ventilated and basically maintains the natural environment of the open field. Compared with common greenhouses and sheds, it can reduce facility investment, avoid carbon emissions, and better reduce environmental temperature and humidity, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, and alleviate the hardships of producers.

[0023] Preferably, the composting fermentation process of step (1-1) is as follows: crushed corn stalks, crushed fruit branches, corn cobs and quicklime are mixed in proportion, and then water is added at a material-water mass ratio of 1:1.35, and after stirring evenly, the mixture is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a height of 2m and a width of 3m; after air holes are punched on the pile to the bottom of the pile with a wooden stick, the pile is covered with a film for fermentation, and when the temperature reaches 55°C to 65°C and white actinomycetes appear in the material, the first pile is turned, and water is added appropriately to culture the pile. Adjust the humidity of the material to 60-65%, continue to punch holes and cover the compost with a film; when the temperature rises to 55°C again, maintain it for 2-3 days, turn the pile for the second time, add water appropriately to keep the humidity of the culture material at 60-65%, continue to punch holes and cover the compost with a film; repeat the above composting process, turn the pile many times until the fermented material has no sour or smell, becomes soft and not prickly, is dark brown in color, and has a large amount of white actinomycete hyphae, then end the fermentation and spread the material pile to cool it down to 25°C to make the culture material.

[0024] Preferably, the ridge forming in step (1-3) is: ridge width 100 cm, ridge height 5 cm, and furrow width 40 cm.

[0025] Preferably, in step (1-4), the three layers of culture medium are sown with two layers of strains as follows: from bottom to top, bottom layer material, strains, middle layer auxiliary material, strains and upper layer auxiliary material, wherein the bottom layer auxiliary material is 6-10 cm thick, the middle layer material is 10 cm thick, the upper layer material is 6 cm thick, and the amount of culture medium is 5000 kg / mu; the plum blossom pattern sowing is as follows: break the mushroom blocks to be inoculated into walnut size, and place them in a plum blossom shape on the culture medium with a spacing of 10 cm between the mushroom blocks.

[0026] Preferably, the land preparation and ridge formation in step (2-2) is as follows: mixing the fungus chaff with the soil and plowing 20 to 30 cm deep into the ground, raking and ridge formation, with a ridge width of 70 cm, a ridge height of 10 cm, and a furrow width of 40 cm, and then planting tomatoes.

[0027] Preferably, when planting tomatoes, the ridges are first covered with ground film, and then two rows are planted in one ridge with a zigzag pattern of 35 to 40 cm between plants.

[0028] Preferably, in step (2), no organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer is applied during the tomato planting process.

[0029] Preferably, in step (2), no pesticides are used during the tomato planting process.

[0030] Through the above technical scheme, it can be known that the present invention discloses an ecological planting method of rotation of Stropharia cap mushrooms and tomatoes, which creates a natural growth environment for crops by building a shoulder-strap greenhouse and an insect-proof net, and reasonably arranges the crop rotation of Stropharia cap mushrooms and tomatoes and manages the key periods of the cultivation process such as Stropharia cap mushroom culture medium, auxiliary material inoculation, post-inoculation management, tomato planting, and growth period, thereby realizing the seasonal production of rotation of Stropharia cap mushrooms and tomatoes, which continues all year round, does not require the application of pesticides and fertilizers during the cultivation process, and the crop products are green and organic, with stable yields, simple and extensive management, low cost, and can be widely promoted and applied.

[0031] Compared with greenhouses, building shoulder-strap greenhouses and insect-proof nets can not only reduce the investment cost of facilities, but also create an environment for natural growth of crops, effectively regulate the ambient temperature and humidity, reduce pests and diseases without spraying pesticides, and ensure the green production of tomatoes and Stropharia with better quality. Under natural conditions, Stropharia can be put on the market around the Spring Festival, and tomatoes can be put on the market from July to August (the off-season of facility tomatoes in the market), thereby increasing the income of local farmers.

[0032] Tomatoes can absorb organic matter in the mushroom residue, reduce the accumulation of salt in the mushroom residue, reduce the microbial flora that is unfavorable to the growth of Stropharia capitis, and eliminate the obstacles to continuous cropping of Stropharia capitis. The mushroom residue after harvesting Stropharia capitis can be directly returned to the field, eliminating the harm of chemical fertilizers to the soil and improving the quality of tomatoes. The two can be rotated to combine land use with land conservation. Through several rounds of cultivation, saline-alkali land, tailings soil or barren land can be improved year by year. Therefore, the present invention can be fully implemented on special inferior land, and the cost of contracting salt is lower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of shoulder strap greenhouse;

[0034] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of zigzag planting of tomatoes;

[0035] Figure 3: Example 1: Planting diagram of tomatoes on a field where fungus residues are returned to the field;

[0036] Figure 4 : Comparative Example 1: Tomato planting on ridges of Stropharia officinalis chaff;

[0037] Figure 5 : Analysis of soil organic matter content at different depths after one year of crop rotation in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences;

[0038] Figure 6 : Example 1 Dynamic change diagram of soil organic matter content. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The test materials involved in the embodiments of the present invention are all purchased from commercial channels, and the methods not mentioned are conventional experimental methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0041] The experimental site was Xisongzhou Village, Fushan District, Yantai City, Shandong Province. Experimental fields with the same soil conditions were randomly divided and then used for crop rotation experiments and single crop cultivation comparative experiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] An ecological planting method of Stropharia officinalis and tomato rotation comprises the following steps:

[0044] (1-1) In mid-August, crush corn stalks, corn cobs, and fruit tree branches (cherry or apple branches) and mix them with lime in a mass ratio of 38:30:30:2. Then add water in a mass ratio of 1:1.35. After stirring evenly, pile them into a trapezoidal pile with a height of 2m and a width of 3m. Use wooden sticks to make air holes on the pile to the bottom of the pile, cover the pile with film and ferment. When the temperature reaches 55℃~65℃ and white actinomycetes appear in the material, turn the pile for the first time and add water appropriately. Adjust the humidity of the culture medium to 60-65%, continue to punch holes and cover the compost with a film; when the temperature rises to 55°C again, maintain it for 2-3 days, turn the compost for the second time, add water appropriately to maintain the humidity of the culture medium at 60-65%, continue to punch holes and cover the compost with a film; repeat the above composting process, turn the compost several times until the fermented material has no sour or smell, becomes soft and not prickly, is dark brown in color, and has a large amount of white actinomycete hyphae, then end the fermentation and spread the material pile to cool down to 25°C to make the culture medium.

[0045] (1-2) From July to August, a multi-span greenhouse with shoulders was built with galvanized steel pipes as the main body. The ridge height was 3.8m, the length was 32m, and the span of each arch was 6m. The shoulders were covered with greenhouse film and the shoulders were surrounded by insect-proof nets (see the schematic diagram for details). Figure 1 ).

[0046] (1-3) At the end of August, clean the garden, spread 50kg / mu of lime powder, plow the soil 20-30cm deep, harrow and level it, and make ridges with a 5cm high, 100cm wide and 40cm wide furrows.

[0047] (1-4) In early September, spray the soil with 1% lime water, spray an appropriate amount of 1.5 tons / mu, and inoculate the bottom layer, fungus, middle layer auxiliary material, fungus and upper layer auxiliary material from bottom to top. The bottom layer auxiliary material is 6-10cm thick, the middle layer is 10cm thick, and the upper layer is 6cm thick. The amount of culture medium is 5000kg / mu. Break the inoculated fungus blocks into walnut size and place them on the culture medium in a plum blossom shape with a distance of 10cm between the fungus blocks to complete the inoculation of auxiliary materials. After the inoculation, cover the soil with 3-5cm of ditch soil, straw and sunshade net in turn to avoid burning the seedlings at high temperature. Among them, the fungus species should be selected from the varieties approved by the state or province to avoid affecting the yield and quality of the Stropharia due to poor seed sources.

[0048] (1-5) When the temperature drops below 15°C in November, two glass fiber poles are crossed every 1m along the ridge to build a small arch shed with a height of 50-60cm, covered with film for insulation; ventilate for 15 minutes at noon every day to ensure that the temperature of the culture medium is controlled at 10-25°C and the relative humidity of the air is controlled at 80-85%.

[0049] (1-6) After the mycelium crawls out of the soil surface, sprinkle enough water to ensure that the air humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 85-95% until small mushroom buds appear. Then spray water mist to ensure that the air humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 75-90%, and ventilate for 20 minutes after each water spraying.

[0050] (1-7) The mushrooms start to grow about 2 months after inoculation. The peak harvest period is from New Year's Day to Spring Festival. Harvest in time to avoid spores. The harvest ends in late April. According to statistics, the yield of fresh mushrooms per mu is about 3,400 kg.

[0051] (2) Planting tomatoes on the field where the fungus residue is returned to the field

[0052] ① In early March, during the interval of planting Stropharia officinalis, seedlings are raised in the greenhouse in advance. Specifically, the seedling substrate is stirred with water until it can be held in a ball without dripping, then put into the seedling tray, and a hole about 1 cm deep is made in the middle of each hole. One tomato seed is sown. After sowing, the seedling soil is covered in time, and covered with transparent mulch to keep moisture. During this period, the temperature is controlled at around 30℃. After the buds emerge, the mulch is removed in time, and water is sprinkled to keep moisture. After the seedlings emerge, the temperature is controlled to around 25℃ during the day and not less than 15℃ at night. When they grow to the stage of 5 leaves and 1 heart, they are used as transplanted seedlings.

[0053] ②After the harvest of Stropharia officinalis, mix the mushroom chaff with soil and turn it into the ground, harrow it, level it, and make ridges. The ridge height is about 10cm, the ridge width is 70cm, and the furrow width is 40cm. Cover it with film and plant it in a zigzag pattern with two rows per ridge and a spacing of 40cm (see the schematic diagram). Figure 2 , see the actual picture Figure 3 ), after planting, water the seedlings to slow down the growth, the watering amount is 20m 3 / mu, to slow down the seedling growth.

[0054] ③ After 30 days of planting, use nylon rope to wrap the plants and hang them in time. When the side branches grow to 10cm, double-pole pruning is carried out. After the first bunch of fruits has set, water them for the second time, with a watering amount of 20m 3 / mu, then water in time to keep the soil dry and moist. After the color changes, remove all old leaves under the color-changing fruit clusters in time, until there are 5 fruit clusters on each branch, and 2 leaves on the upper part for topping and removing the growth point.

[0055] ④ The tomatoes begin to ripen in early July and are harvested when they are half-ripe. The harvest is completed by the end of August. According to statistics, the tomato yield per mu is about 6111 kg.

[0056] ⑤ After the tomato harvest is over, remove the tomato vines and prepare for the cultivation of the giant puffball mushroom. This cycle is repeated for one year as a planting cycle.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] An ecological planting method of Stropharia officinalis and tomato rotation comprises the following steps:

[0059] (1-1) In mid-August, crush corn stalks, corn cobs, and fruit tree branches (cherry or apple branches) and mix them with lime in a mass ratio of 38:30:30:2. Then add water in a mass ratio of 1:1.35. After stirring evenly, pile them into a trapezoidal pile with a height of 2m and a width of 3m. Use wooden sticks to make air holes on the pile to the bottom of the pile, cover the pile with film and ferment. When the temperature reaches 55℃~65℃ and white actinomycetes appear in the material, turn the pile for the first time and add water appropriately. Adjust the humidity of the culture medium to 60-65%, continue to punch holes and cover the compost with a film; when the temperature rises to 55°C again, maintain it for 2-3 days, turn the compost for the second time, add water appropriately to maintain the humidity of the culture medium at 60-65%, continue to punch holes and cover the compost with a film; repeat the above composting process, turn the compost several times until the fermented material has no sour or smell, becomes soft and not prickly, is dark brown in color, and has a large amount of white actinomycete hyphae, then end the fermentation and spread the material pile to cool down to 25°C to make the culture medium.

[0060] (1-2) From July to August, a multi-span greenhouse with shoulders was built with galvanized steel pipes as the main body. The ridge height was 3.8m, the length was 32m, and the span of each arch was 6m. The area above the shoulders was covered with greenhouse film, and the area below the shoulders was surrounded by insect-proof nets.

[0061] (1-3) At the end of August, clean the garden, spread 50kg / mu of lime powder, plow the soil 20-30cm deep, harrow and level it, and make ridges with a 5cm high ridge, 70cm wide ridge and 40cm wide furrow.

[0062] (1-4) In early September, spray the soil with 1% lime water, spray an appropriate amount of 1.5 tons / mu, and inoculate the bottom layer, fungus, middle layer auxiliary material, fungus and upper layer auxiliary material from bottom to top. The bottom layer auxiliary material is 6-10cm thick, the middle layer is 10cm thick, and the upper layer is 6cm thick. The amount of culture medium is 5000kg / mu. Break the inoculated fungus blocks into walnut size and place them on the culture medium in a plum blossom shape with a distance of 10cm between the fungus blocks to complete the inoculation of auxiliary materials. After the inoculation, cover the soil with 3-5cm of ditch soil, straw and sunshade net in turn to avoid burning the seedlings at high temperature. Among them, the fungus species should be selected from the varieties approved by the state or province to avoid affecting the yield and quality of the Stropharia due to poor seed sources.

[0063] (1-5) When the temperature drops below 15°C in November, two glass fiber poles are crossed every 1m along the ridge to build a small arch shed with a height of 50-60cm, covered with film for insulation; ventilate for 15 minutes at noon every day to ensure that the temperature of the culture medium is controlled at 10-25°C and the relative humidity of the air is controlled at 80-85%.

[0064] (1-6) After the mycelium crawls out of the soil surface, sprinkle enough water to ensure that the air humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 85-95% until small mushroom buds appear. Then spray water mist to ensure that the air humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 75-90%, and ventilate for 20 minutes after each water spraying.

[0065] (1-7) The mushrooms start to grow about 2 months after inoculation. The peak harvest period is from New Year's Day to Spring Festival. Harvest in time to avoid spores. The harvest ends in late April. According to statistics, the yield of fresh mushrooms per mu is about 3,000 kg.

[0066] (2) Planting tomatoes directly on the ridges of Stropharia officinalis fungus residues

[0067] ① In early March, during the interval of planting Stropharia officinalis, seedlings are raised in the greenhouse in advance. Specifically, the seedling medium is stirred with water until it can be held in a ball without dripping, then put into the seedling tray, and a hole about 1 cm deep is made in the middle of each hole. One tomato seed is sown. After sowing, the soil is covered in time, and covered with transparent mulch to keep moisture. During this period, the temperature is controlled at around 30℃. After the buds emerge, the mulch is removed in time, and water is sprinkled to keep moisture. After the seedlings emerge, the temperature is controlled to be around 25℃ during the day and not lower than 15℃ at night. When they grow to the stage of 5 leaves and 1 heart, they are used as transplanted seedlings.

[0068] ②After the harvest of Stropharia officinalis is completed, cover the ridges with plastic film directly, and plant them in a zigzag pattern with two rows per ridge and a spacing of 40 cm (see the schematic diagram for details). Figure 2 , see the actual picture Figure 4 ), after planting, water the seedlings to slow down the planting process, with a watering rate of 20m 3 / mu, to slow down the seedling growth.

[0069] ③ After 30 days of planting, use nylon rope to wrap the plants and hang them in time. When the side branches grow to 10cm, double-pole pruning is carried out. After the first bunch of fruits has set, water them for the second time, with a watering amount of 20m 3 / mu, then water in time to keep the soil dry and moist. After the color changes, remove all old leaves under the color-changing fruit clusters in time, until 5 fruit clusters are left on each branch, and 2 leaves are left on the upper part for topping and removing the growth point.

[0070] ④ The tomatoes begin to ripen in early July and are harvested when they are half-ripe. The harvest is completed by the end of August. According to statistics, the tomato yield per mu is about 5,280 kg.

[0071] ⑤ After the tomato harvest is finished, the tomato vines are removed and preparations for the cultivation of the giant puffball mushroom are made. This cycle is repeated for one year as a planting cycle.

[0072] Stropharia cap mushrooms and tomatoes were planted separately, wherein the cultivation method of Stropharia cap mushrooms was the same as that of Example 1, and the cultivation of tomatoes omitted returning the mushroom husks to the field, and no chemical fertilizer was applied. The remaining steps were the same as those of Example 1. The per mu yield and the soluble solid content of tomatoes planted separately were counted, and compared with those of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0073]

[0074] As shown in Table 1, the rotation of Stropharia and tomato improves the land multiple cropping index compared with the single planting of Stropharia and tomato; the yield of Stropharia rotation is almost the same as that of single planting, but the yield of the rotation crop tomato is increased, and the benefit is significantly improved; in addition, the soluble solid content of tomatoes is also improved to varying degrees, and Example 1 is superior to Comparative Example 1 in terms of the increase in the yield of Stropharia and tomatoes and the soluble solid content of tomatoes.

[0075] In order to verify the improvement effect of the mushroom rotation mode on the soil, after one year of rotation in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the soil was deep-turned 20-30 cm, and the soil organic matter content at different depths such as 0-5 cm layer, 5-10 cm layer, and 10-20 cm layer was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Figure 5 After one week of crop rotation, the organic matter content of each layer in Example 1 was higher than that of the original soil layer, indicating that the mushroom cultivation mode of the present invention can achieve the effect of soil improvement. Although Comparative Example 1 also involves crop rotation of Stropharia capillaris and tomatoes, the planting method of tomatoes is different from that of the present invention, and the changes in organic matter content in the soil after crop rotation are very different.

[0076] In addition, in order to explore the dynamic changes of soil organic matter content, at different nodes of Example 1, i.e., after the harvest of Stropharia and tomatoes, the soil was deep-turned 20 to 30 cm, and the soil organic matter content at different depths was measured. The results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, after the harvest of the Stropharia officinalis, the organic matter in the mushroom residue has not been effectively released. When the mushroom residue is returned to the field and tomatoes grow for another 4 months, the organic matter in the mushroom residue not only meets the needs of tomato growth, but also the organic matter in the soil is significantly increased, further illustrating that the mushroom rotation model of the present invention can not only increase economic benefits, but also have a good effect on soil improvement.

[0077] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0078] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An ecological planting method of Stropharia rugosa and tomato rotation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) From early September of the current year to mid-April of the following year, the cultivation of Stropharia rugosa includes the following steps: (1-1) Compost fermentation: In mid-August, corn stalks, corn cobs, fruit tree branches, and lime were mixed in a mass ratio of 38:30:30:2 and composted and fermented to form the compost component. (1-2) Construction of mushroom shed: Using galvanized steel pipes as the main body, build a multi-span greenhouse with a ridge height of 3.8m in the north-south direction, the same length as the planting length, and a span of 6m per arch. Cover the shoulders with film at least 2m above the ground, and surround them with insect-proof nets; (1-3) Preparation before planting: Before laying the material, clean the garden, spread lime powder 50kg / mu, deep plow the soil 20-30cm, harrow, level and make ridges; (1-4) Inoculation: In early September, spray the soil with 1% lime water (1.5 tons / mu), and sow the seeds in a plum blossom pattern by laying three layers of culture medium and two layers of fungus. After inoculation, cover with 3-5 cm of furrow soil, rice straw, and shade netting in sequence. (1-5) Spawning management: When the temperature drops below 15°C in November, build a small shed and ventilate the culture medium to ensure that the temperature is controlled at 10-25°C and the relative humidity is controlled at 80-85%. (1-6) Fruiting management: After the mycelium emerges from the soil, sprinkle fruiting water in time to ensure that the air humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 85-95%. When small mushroom buds appear, spray water mist in time to ensure that the air humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 75-90%. (1-7) Harvesting: The peak production period is from New Year's Day to Spring Festival. Harvest in time to avoid spore shedding. (2) Plant tomatoes on the fields after the mushroom residue has been returned to the fields from the end of April to the end of August of the following year, including the following steps: (2-1) Tomato seedling cultivation: In early March, cultivate tomato seeds to 5-leaf 1-heart stage seedlings for planting; (2-2) Tomato planting: After the harvest of Stropharia officinalis, the land is prepared and ridges are formed, and then the tomato seedlings are planted. After planting, watering is done for the first time, with a watering amount of 20m 3 / mu, to slow down the seedlings; (2-3) Management of tomato growth period: 30 days after planting, use nylon rope to wrap the plant and hang the vine. When the side branches grow to 10cm, double-pole pruning is carried out. After the first bunch of fruits has set, water it for the second time with a watering volume of 20m 3 / mu, then water in time to keep the soil dry and moist, remove all old leaves under the fruit clusters after color change, until there are 5 fruit clusters on each branch, and 2 leaves on the upper part for topping and removing the growth point; (2-4) Tomato harvest: Tomatoes begin to ripen in early July and should be harvested in due time when they are half-ripe. (2-5) Garden cleaning: At the end of August, after the fifth bunch of tomatoes has been harvested, remove the tomato vines and proceed to step (1-3) for preparations for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus.

2. The ecological planting method of the rotation of Stropharia rugosa and tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composting fermentation process of step (1-1) is as follows: corn stalks, fruit branches and corn cobs are crushed respectively, mixed with quicklime in proportion, and then water is added at a material-water mass ratio of 1:1.

35. After stirring evenly, the mixture is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a height of 2m and a width of 3m; air holes are punched on the pile to the bottom with a wooden stick, and the pile is covered with a film for fermentation. When the temperature reaches 55°C to 65°C and white actinomycetes appear in the material, the pile is turned for the first time, and water is added appropriately to adjust the humidity of the culture material to 60-65%, and the composting is continued by punching and covering with a film; after the temperature rises to 55°C again, it is maintained for 2-3 days, and the pile is turned for the second time, and water is added appropriately to maintain the humidity of the culture material at 60-65%, and the composting is continued by punching and covering with a film; the above composting process is repeated, and the pile is turned multiple times until the fermented material has no sour or smell, becomes soft and not prickly, is dark brown in color, and has a large amount of white actinomycete hyphae, the fermentation is terminated, the material pile is spread out and cooled to 25°C, and the compost is thus prepared.

3. The ecological planting method of the rotation of Stropharia rugosa and tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ridge forming in step (1-3) is as follows: ridge width 100 cm, ridge height 5 cm, and furrow width 40 cm.

4. The ecological planting method of Stropharia officinalis and tomato rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of sowing two layers of bacteria in the three layers of culture medium in step (1-4) is: from bottom to top, the bottom layer of material, bacteria, middle layer of auxiliary material, bacteria and upper layer of auxiliary material, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer of auxiliary material is 6 to 10 cm, the thickness of the middle layer of material is 10 cm, and the thickness of the upper layer of material is 6 cm. The amount of culture medium used is 5000 kg / mu.

5. The ecological planting method of Stropharia officinalis and tomato rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plum blossom-like sowing in step (1-4) is as follows: the mushroom blocks to be inoculated are broken into walnut-sized pieces, and are placed on the culture medium in a plum blossom shape with a spacing of 10 cm between the mushroom blocks.

6. The ecological planting method of Stropharia officinalis and tomato rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The land preparation and ridging in step (2-2) is as follows: Mix the mushroom residue with soil and plow it 20 to 30 cm deep into the ground, harrow and level it, and make ridges with a ridge width of 70 cm, a ridge height of 10 cm, and a ditch width of 40 cm.

7. The ecological planting method of Stropharia rugosa and tomato rotation according to claim 6, characterized in that: When planting tomatoes, first cover the ridges with plastic film, and then plant them in a zigzag pattern with two rows per ridge and a plant spacing of 35 to 40 cm.

8. The ecological planting method of Stropharia rugosa and tomato rotation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step (2), no organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer is applied during the tomato planting process.

9. The ecological planting method of Stropharia officinalis and tomato rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), no pesticides are applied during the tomato planting process.

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