Multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device and method, including an adjustable optical path system and an auxiliary milling mechanism, the adjustable optical path system includes a laser, a reflector, a laser beam channel and a conversion motor, the auxiliary milling mechanism includes a rotating body and a tool installed on the rotating body, the rotating body is provided with a first optical path channel connecting the laser beam channel and the tool, the tool is provided with a second optical path channel, when the tool is installed on the rotating body, the first optical path channel is connected to the second optical path channel, the laser is equipped with a plurality of emission sources of different power and frequency, so that the laser emitted by the laser is converted through the reflector and transmitted in the laser beam channel, then enters the first optical path channel and then transmits to the second optical path channel, and finally transmits from the bottom of the tool. The workpiece is softened by laser, and the laser continues to work during tool processing, thereby realizing variable posture manufacturing, high-precision forming and stress concentration reduction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser-assisted technology, and in particular to a multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device and method. Background Art

[0002] High-performance materials represented by carbon fiber composites and difficult-to-process materials have excellent mechanical and thermal properties and are widely used in aerospace, transportation and other fields. However, these high-performance materials often have poor machinability. Traditional milling processes face challenges such as severe tool wear, poor forming and manufacturing, and stress concentration. Laser-assisted processing is considered to be an effective way to solve this problem. During laser-assisted processing, a high-power laser beam is focused on the workpiece surface in front of the cutting edge, which can change the strength and hardness of the workpiece material at high temperatures, so that ordinary tools can be used for processing, greatly reducing cutting resistance, reducing tool wear, and reducing cutting vibration. The purpose is to improve processing efficiency, reduce costs, and improve the quality of the processed surface, providing an effective method for cutting difficult-to-process materials. However, due to the constraints of process and equipment structure design, the advantages of both are not fully utilized. For example, it is difficult to solve the phenomenon of variable posture manufacturing and stress concentration. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical issues to be solved

[0004] In view of this, the embodiments of the present specification provide a multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device and method for variable posture manufacturing, high-precision forming, and stress concentration reduction.

[0005] Technical Solution

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device, comprising an adjustable optical path system and an auxiliary milling mechanism, the adjustable optical path system comprising a laser, a reflector, a laser beam channel and a conversion motor, the auxiliary milling mechanism comprising a rotating body and a tool installed on the rotating body, the rotating body is provided with a first optical path channel connecting the laser beam channel and the tool, the tool is provided with a second optical path channel, when the tool is installed on the rotating body, the first optical path channel is connected to the second optical path channel, the laser is equipped with a plurality of emission sources with different powers and frequencies, so that the laser emitted by the laser is converted in direction by the reflector and transmitted in the laser beam channel, then enters the first optical path channel and is transmitted to the second optical path channel, and finally is transmitted from the bottom of the tool.

[0007] In some embodiments, the laser includes a first laser and a second laser, the reflector includes a first reflector, a second reflector, a third reflector, a fourth reflector and a fifth reflector, the laser beam channel includes a first laser beam channel, a second laser beam channel, a third laser beam channel, a fourth laser beam channel and a fifth laser beam channel, the third reflector is mounted on a conversion motor, the first reflector is mounted at a laser emission port of the first laser, and the second reflector is mounted at a laser emission port of the second laser; when the conversion motor drives the third reflector toward the first laser, the laser emitted by the first laser passes through the first reflector, the first laser beam channel, the third reflector, the third laser beam channel, the fourth reflector, the fourth laser beam channel, the fifth reflector, the fifth laser beam channel and the first optical path channel in sequence; when the conversion motor drives the third reflector toward the second laser, the laser emitted by the second laser passes through the second reflector, the second laser beam channel, the third reflector, the third laser beam channel, the fourth reflector, the fourth laser beam channel, the fifth reflector, the fifth laser beam channel and the first optical path channel in sequence.

[0008] In some embodiments, the rotating body is provided with a shell, a stator, a rotor, a sleeve and a rotating shaft from the outside to the inside, the shell and the stator are fixedly connected, the stator and the rotor are both magnetic, the rotor rotates inside the stator, the rotor is fixedly connected to the sleeve, the sleeve is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the tool and the rotating shaft are connected by friction force of the joint surface.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first optical path channel is disposed at the central axis of the rotating shaft, and a focusing device is disposed at the bottom of the first optical path channel.

[0010] In some embodiments, a plurality of sensors are fixed to the lower end of the housing.

[0011] A multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing method includes the following steps: S1, in a pre-experimental stage, before the tool contacts the workpiece, the laser starts to emit laser to irradiate the workpiece surface, locally heats the area to be milled, then the laser continues to heat the workpiece, and the tool starts to mill the workpiece at the same time. During the laser-assisted milling process, the laser-assisted milling process is monitored by a sensor, and the processing temperature, laser parameters, milling speed and feed speed process parameters are obtained, measured and recorded. After the processing is completed, the processing quality of the workpiece is analyzed, and then the relationship between the process parameters and the processing quality is established by analysis, and the optimized process parameters and processing quality are output; S2, a process database is established, and step S1 is repeated for different materials and working conditions to obtain the process parameters corresponding to different materials and working conditions. Parameters and processing quality data, model and analyze the acquired process parameters and processing quality data, establish a process parameter-processing quality relationship model, and then create a basic process parameter database under different materials and working conditions, and output the basic process parameter database under different materials and working conditions; S3, the formal processing stage, use laser to preheat the workpiece to be processed. After reaching the processing temperature, start the laser-assisted milling processing with laser and milling synchronization. During the laser-assisted milling process, monitor the process parameters, and fine-tune the laser type and processing parameters in real time according to the process database to achieve high-precision multi-laser-assisted milling processing. After the processing is completed, the processing parameters and processing quality are analyzed and recorded, the process database is updated, and finally the process database is output.

[0012] In some embodiments, the laser includes a first laser and a second laser, the first laser operates at high power and low frequency, and the second laser operates at low power and high frequency. The laser-assisted milling of step S3 includes rough machining and fine machining, the rough machining is laser-assisted by the first laser, and rapid rough milling is performed by the tool, and the fine machining is laser-assisted by the second laser, and the tool performs precision milling.

[0013] Beneficial Effects

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: by performing processing analysis on different materials and working conditions, a basic process parameter database under different materials and working conditions is created, and the basic process parameter database under different materials and working conditions is output; after laser-assisted softening of the material, the tool mills the workpiece, and the laser simultaneously performs auxiliary tool processing, thereby achieving variable posture manufacturing of workpieces of different materials in different states, high-precision forming and stress concentration reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustable optical path system of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary milling mechanism of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary milling mechanism of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-axis motion platform of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing method of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. adjustable optical path system; 11. first laser; 12. second laser; 13. first reflector; 14. second reflector; 15. third reflector; 16. fourth reflector; 17. fifth reflector; 18. first laser beam channel; 19. second laser beam channel; 110. third laser beam channel; 111. fourth laser beam channel; 112. fifth laser beam channel; 113. conversion motor; 2. auxiliary milling mechanism; 21. housing; 22. stator; 23. rotor ; 24. Bushing; 25. Rotating shaft; 26. Focusing device; 27. First optical path channel; 28. Second optical path channel; 29. ​​Sensor; 3. Multi-axis motion platform; 31. Rotating flange; 32. Rotating bracket; 33. Rotating motor; 34. First slide; 35. First screw rod; 36. First slide rail; 37. First motor; 38. Second slide; 39. Second screw rod; 310. Second slide rail; 311. Second motor; 312. Mounting bracket; 4. Tool; 5. Tool changing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] The following describes the implementation methods of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] It should be noted that various aspects of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present application, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that an aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number and aspect described herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. In addition, other structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects described herein can be used to implement this device and / or practice this method.

[0027] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present application. The illustrations only show the components related to the present application rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed at will, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0028] Additionally, in the following description, specific details are provided to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples can be practiced without these specific details.

[0029] The technical solutions provided by various embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] See also Figure 1-6In this embodiment: a multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device includes an adjustable optical path system 1 and an auxiliary milling mechanism 2, the adjustable optical path system 1 includes a laser, a reflector, a laser beam channel and a conversion motor 113, the auxiliary milling mechanism 2 includes a rotating body and a tool 4 installed on the rotating body, the rotating body is provided with a first optical path channel 27 connecting the laser beam channel and the tool 4, the tool 4 is provided with a second optical path channel 28, when the tool 4 is installed on the rotating body, the first optical path channel 27 is connected to the second optical path channel 28, the laser is equipped with a plurality of emission sources with different powers and frequencies, so that the laser emitted by the laser is converted in direction by the reflector and transmitted in the laser beam channel, enters the first optical path channel 27 and then is transmitted to the second optical path channel 28, and finally is transmitted from the bottom of the tool 4.

[0031] In some embodiments, the laser includes a first laser 11 and a second laser 12, the reflectors include a first reflector 13, a second reflector 14, a third reflector 15, a fourth reflector 16 and a fifth reflector 17, the laser beam channel includes a first laser beam channel 18, a second laser beam channel 19, a third laser beam channel 110, a fourth laser beam channel 111 and a fifth laser beam channel 112, the third reflector 15 is mounted on a conversion motor 113, the first reflector 13 is mounted at the laser emission port of the first laser 11, and the second reflector 14 is mounted at the laser emission port of the second laser 12; when the conversion motor 113 drives the third reflector 15 toward the first laser 1 1, the laser emitted by the first laser 11 passes through the first reflecting mirror 13, the first laser beam channel 18, the third reflecting mirror 15, the third laser beam channel 110, the fourth reflecting mirror 16, the fourth laser beam channel 111, the fifth reflecting mirror 17, the fifth laser beam channel 112 and the first optical path channel 27 in sequence; when the conversion motor 113 drives the third reflecting mirror 15 toward the second laser 12, the laser emitted by the second laser 12 passes through the second reflecting mirror 14, the second laser beam channel 19, the third reflecting mirror 15, the third laser beam channel 110, the fourth reflecting mirror 16, the fourth laser beam channel 111, the fifth reflecting mirror 17, the fifth laser beam channel 112 and the first optical path channel 27 in sequence.

[0032] It should be noted that the motor shaft of the conversion motor 113 is fixedly connected to the third reflector 15 .

[0033] The first laser 11 and the second laser 12 can be selected from nanosecond lasers, picosecond lasers or femtosecond lasers.

[0034] In some embodiments, the rotating body is provided with a shell 21, a stator 22, a rotor 23, a sleeve 24 and a rotating shaft 25 from the outside to the inside, the shell 21 and the stator 22 are fixedly connected, the stator 22 and the rotor 23 are both magnetic, the rotor 23 rotates inside the stator 22, the rotor 23 is fixedly linked to the sleeve 24, the sleeve 24 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 25, and the tool 4 and the rotating shaft 25 are connected by the friction force of the joint surface.

[0035] In some embodiments, the first optical path channel 27 is arranged at the central axis of the rotating shaft 25, and a focusing device 26 is provided at the bottom of the first optical path channel 27. It should be pointed out that the setting of the focusing device 26 can achieve the effect of reducing the diameter of the laser beam and focusing, which is more efficient and can more accurately realize auxiliary processing of the workpiece.

[0036] In some embodiments, a plurality of sensors 29 are fixed to the lower end of the housing 21 , including a temperature sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a visual sensor.

[0037] In some embodiments, the processing device includes a tool changing device 5, which rotates to the tool 4 to clamp the tool 4, then drives the tool 4 to rotate to the reverse library, takes out the new tool 4, and rotates the new tool 4 to the work station to press and install it to achieve tool change. (This is not the core invention of this embodiment, so it will not be repeated.)

[0038] In some embodiments, the processing device includes a multi-axis motion platform 3, which includes a rotating flange 31 for mounting a workpiece. The rotating flange 31 is rotatably arranged on a rotating bracket 32. The rotating flange 31 rotates around its center axis in the C direction. The rotating bracket 32 ​​is rotatably arranged on a mounting bracket 312. A rotating motor 33 is provided on the mounting bracket 312. The output shaft of the rotating motor 33 is fixedly connected to the rotating bracket 32, so as to realize the rotation of the rotating bracket 32 ​​around its center axis in the B direction.

[0039] The multi-axis motion platform 3 includes a first slide 34, a first screw rod 35, a first slide rail 36 and a first motor 37. The mounting bracket 312 is installed on the first slide 34. The first slide 34 cooperates with the first slide rail 36 to realize the left and right movement of the first slide 34 in the Y-axis direction on the first slide rail 36. The output shaft of the first motor 37 is fixedly connected to the first screw rod 35. The first screw rod 35 cooperates with the threaded hole of the first slide 34 to realize that the first motor 37 drives the first screw rod 35 to rotate, thereby driving the movement of the first slide 34.

[0040] The multi-axis motion platform 3 includes a second screw rod 39, a second motor 311, a second slide 38 and a second slide rail 310. The first slide rail 36 is installed on the second slide 38, and the second slide 38 is cooperated with the second slide rail 310. The second slide 38 slides in the X-axis direction on the second slide rail 310. The output shaft of the second motor 311 is fixedly connected to the second screw rod 39. The second screw rod 39 cooperates with the threaded hole of the second slide 38, so that the second motor 311 drives the second screw rod 39 to rotate, thereby driving the second slide 38 to move.

[0041] See also Figure 7 A multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing method is shown, comprising the following steps: S1, in the pre-experimental stage, before the tool 4 contacts the workpiece, the laser starts to emit laser to irradiate the surface of the workpiece, locally heats the area to be milled, and then the laser continues to heat the workpiece, and the tool 4 starts to mill the workpiece. During the laser-assisted milling process, the laser-assisted milling process is monitored by the sensor 29, and the processing temperature, laser parameters, milling speed and feed speed process parameters are obtained, measured and recorded. After the processing is completed, the processing quality of the workpiece is analyzed, and then the relationship between the process parameters and the processing quality is established by analysis, and the optimized process parameters and processing quality are output; S2, a process database is established, and step S1 is repeated for different materials and working conditions to obtain the process parameters corresponding to different materials and working conditions. Parameters and processing quality data, model and analyze the acquired process parameters and processing quality data, establish a process parameter-processing quality relationship model, and then create a basic process parameter database under different materials and working conditions, and output the basic process parameter database under different materials and working conditions; S3, the formal processing stage, use laser to preheat the workpiece to be processed. After reaching the processing temperature, start the laser-assisted milling processing with laser and milling synchronization. During the laser-assisted milling process, monitor the process parameters such as processing temperature, and fine-tune the laser type and processing parameters in real time according to the process database to achieve high-precision multi-laser-assisted milling processing. After the processing is completed, the processing parameters and processing quality are analyzed and recorded, the process database is updated, and finally the process database is output.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first laser 11 operates at high power and low frequency, and the second laser 12 operates at low power and high frequency. The laser-assisted milling of step S3 includes rough machining and fine machining. The rough machining is laser-assisted by the first laser 11, and rapid rough milling is performed by the tool 4. The fine machining is laser-assisted by the second laser 12, and the tool 4 performs precision milling.

[0043] The same and similar parts between the various embodiments in this specification can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0044] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device, comprising an adjustable optical path system (1) and an auxiliary milling mechanism (2), characterized in that: The adjustable optical path system (1) comprises a laser, a reflector, a laser beam channel and a conversion motor (113); the auxiliary milling mechanism (2) comprises a rotating body and a tool (4) mounted on the rotating body; the rotating body is provided with a first optical path channel (27) connecting the laser beam channel and the tool (4); the tool (4) is provided with a second optical path channel (28); when the tool (4) is mounted on the rotating body, the first optical path channel (27) is connected to the second optical path channel (28); the laser is configured as a plurality of emission sources with different powers and frequencies, so that the laser emitted by the laser is converted in direction by the reflector and transmitted in the laser beam channel, then enters the first optical path channel (27) and then is transmitted to the second optical path channel (28), and finally is transmitted from the bottom of the tool (4); The rotating body is provided with a housing (21), a stator (22), a rotor (23), a sleeve (24) and a rotating shaft (25) in sequence from the outside to the inside, and a plurality of sensors (29) are fixed to the lower end of the housing (21); The processing device comprises a tool changing device (5), which rotates to the tool position to clamp the tool, then drives the tool to rotate to the tool magazine, takes out a new tool, and rotates the new tool to the work station for press-fitting to realize tool changing; The multi-axis laser-assisted milling method comprises the following steps: S1, a pre-experimental stage, before the tool (4) contacts the workpiece, the laser starts to emit laser to irradiate the workpiece surface, locally heats the area to be milled, and then the laser continues to heat the workpiece, while the tool (4) starts to mill the workpiece. During the laser-assisted milling process, the laser-assisted milling process is monitored by a sensor (29), and the processing temperature, laser parameters, milling speed and feed speed process parameters are obtained, measured and recorded. After the processing is completed, the processing quality of the workpiece is analyzed, and then the relationship between the process parameters and the processing quality is established by analysis, and the optimized process parameters and processing quality are output; S2. Establish a process database, repeat step S1 for different materials and working conditions, obtain process parameters and processing quality data corresponding to different materials and working conditions, perform modeling analysis on the obtained process parameters and processing quality data, establish a process parameter-processing quality relationship model, and then create a basic process parameter database under different materials and working conditions, and output the basic process parameter database under different materials and working conditions; S3, in the formal processing stage, the workpiece is preheated with laser. After reaching the processing temperature, the laser-assisted milling process with laser and milling synchronized is started. During the laser-assisted milling process, the process parameters are monitored, and the laser type and processing parameters are finely adjusted in real time according to the process database to achieve high-precision multi-laser-assisted milling. After the processing is completed, the processing parameters and processing quality are analyzed and recorded, the process database is updated, and finally the process database is output.

2. A multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser comprises a first laser (11) and a second laser (12); the reflectors comprise a first reflector (13), a second reflector (14), a third reflector (15), a fourth reflector (16) and a fifth reflector (17); the laser beam channel comprises a first laser beam channel (18), a second laser beam channel (19), a third laser beam channel (110), a fourth laser beam channel (111) and a fifth laser beam channel (112); the third reflector (15) is mounted on the conversion motor (113); the first reflector (13) is mounted on the laser emission port of the first laser (11); and the second reflector (14) is mounted on the laser emission port of the second laser (12); When the conversion motor (113) drives the third reflector (15) toward the first laser (11), the laser emitted by the first laser (11) passes through the first reflector (13), the first laser beam channel (18), the third reflector (15), the third laser beam channel (110), the fourth reflector (16), the fourth laser beam channel (111), the fifth reflector (17), the fifth laser beam channel (112), and the first optical path channel (27) in sequence; When the conversion motor (113) drives the third reflector (15) toward the second laser (12), the second laser (12) emits laser light which passes through the second reflector (14), the second laser beam channel (19), the third reflector (15), the third laser beam channel (110), the fourth reflector (16), the fourth laser beam channel (111), the fifth reflector (17), the fifth laser beam channel (112) and the first optical path channel (27) in sequence.

3. The multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (21) and the stator (22) are fixedly connected, the stator (22) and the rotor (23) are both magnetic, the rotor (23) rotates inside the stator (22), the rotor (23) is fixedly connected to the shaft sleeve (24), the shaft sleeve (24) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (25), and the tool (4) and the rotating shaft (25) are connected by friction force of a joint surface.

4. The multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first optical path channel (27) is arranged at the central axis of the rotating shaft (25), and a focusing device (26) is arranged at the bottom of the first optical path channel (27).

5. The multi-axis laser-assisted milling processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser comprises a first laser (11) and a second laser (12), the first laser (11) operates at high power and low frequency, and the second laser (12) operates at low power and high frequency. The laser-assisted milling in step S3 comprises rough machining and fine machining, the rough machining is laser-assisted by the first laser (11), and rapid rough milling is performed by the tool (4), the fine machining is laser-assisted by the second laser (12), and the tool (4) performs precision milling.

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