Method and apparatus for perceptual assisted Doppler compensation

Abstract

The invention provides a mobility perception waveform self-adaption method and device based on perception. The transmitting device may estimate a velocity vector for the mobile device. The estimation of the velocity vector may be based on measurements made in the mobile device and fed back to the transmitting device, or based on measurements made in other devices in the environment and provided to the transmitting device. The transmitting device may obtain a Doppler variable estimate of a signal path between the transmitting device and the mobile device based on the estimate of the velocity vector. The transmitting device may then adapt the waveform to be transmitted according to the Doppler variable estimation of the signal path, and then transmit the adaptive waveform. Occasionally, the transmitting device may obtain updates to parameters describing the location and mobility of the mobile device. Based on the update, the transmitting device may update the waveform adaptation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates generally to wireless communications and, in particular embodiments, to sensing-assisted Doppler compensation. Background Art

[0002] User Equipment (UE) location information can be used in cellular communication networks to improve various performance indicators of the network. For example, these performance indicators can include capacity, agility, reliability and efficiency. The improvements can be achieved when elements of the network utilize the location, behavior, mobility patterns, etc. of the UE in the context of prior information, where the prior information describes the wireless environment in which the UE is operating.

[0003] Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) has been the mainstream waveform in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular systems and new air interfaces, optionally using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) precoding to control the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). However, CP-OFDM has the problem of performance degradation for channels with high time selectivity. This performance degradation may occur in particular for high mobility users. The mobility of high mobility users may introduce relatively large Doppler variations. Relatively large Doppler variations may cause loss of orthogonality between subcarriers. Orthogonality loss may be the cause of overall performance degradation. Several waveforms have been proposed to address the problem of orthogonality loss. One proposed waveform is obtained by modulating a waveform formed by linear frequency modulation OFDM in the fractional domain. However, the proposed waveform may only perform well in high mobility scenarios. Furthermore, in more typical mobility scenarios, the proposed waveform performs worse for the UE than conventional OFDM. In fact, it can be shown that using the proposed fractional domain modulation waveform leads to overly complex receiver design. Summary of the invention

[0004] Various aspects of the present application relate to mobility-aware waveform adaptation based on perception. A transmitting device may obtain a velocity vector of a mobile device. The velocity vector estimate may be based on measurements made in the mobile device and fed back to the transmitting device, or based on measurements made in other devices in the environment and provided to the transmitting device. The transmitting device may obtain a Doppler variable estimate of a signal path between the transmitting device and the mobile device based on the estimate of the velocity vector. The Doppler variable may include a Doppler mean (representing an average value of multiple Doppler shift values) and a Doppler spread (representing a range of Doppler shift variations). A task that helps obtain the Doppler variable estimate may be information about the angle of arrival of a signal along the signal path at the mobile device. This angle of arrival information may be received from the mobile device or determined based on UE location information. The transmitting device may then adapt a waveform to be transmitted based on the Doppler variable estimate of the signal path, and then transmit the adapted waveform. Occasionally, the transmitting device may obtain updates to parameters describing the location and mobility of the mobile device. Based on these updates, the transmitting device may update the waveform adaptation.

[0005] It can be considered that the main problem of the above-proposed waveforms is the lack of adaptability to UE mobility.

[0006] Various aspects of the present application are directed to achieving improvements in communication performance by compensating for Doppler variations that may be present in high mobility UEs. The compensation may take the form of Doppler variation estimation and pre-compensation. The Doppler variation estimation may be based on UE location and UE mobility. In addition, by multiplexing uplink transmission resources, reduced downlink perceived resource overhead may be achieved. Advantageously, waveforms may be used to vary UE mobility without requiring excessive receiver complexity.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present application, a method for Doppler compensation of a transmission waveform time sample performed at a transmitting device is provided. The method includes: the transmitting device obtains an estimate of a velocity vector of the mobile device. The method also includes: the transmitting device obtains an estimate of a Doppler variable of a signal path between the transmitting device and the mobile device based on the estimate of the velocity vector. The method also includes: the transmitting device obtains an adaptive waveform based on the estimate of the Doppler variable of the signal path. The method also includes: transmitting a signal from the transmitting device based on the adaptive waveform.

[0008] In an optional embodiment of the above aspect, obtaining the estimate of the velocity vector includes: basing the estimate of the velocity vector on information received from a sensing device.

[0009] In one embodiment, the method further comprises: sending an indication of a configuration for a perception reference signal to the perception device. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of an approximate location of the mobile device. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of an initial direction pointing to the perception reference signal. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a time resource for the perception reference signal and an indication of a frequency resource for the perception reference signal. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a waveform type for the perception reference signal. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a system parameter for the perception reference signal. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a mapping function to be used when generating a time domain signal based on a perception profile identifier. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a perception identifier of the mobile device, wherein the perception identifier is different from an identifier associated with the mobile device for identifying the mobile device in a data communication context.

[0010] In an alternative embodiment, the sensing device comprises a device other than the mobile device.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the velocity vector comprises a plurality of velocity values ​​associated with corresponding plurality of orthogonal directions in the global coordinate system.

[0012] In an alternative embodiment, the velocity vector includes scalar velocity magnitude, azimuth, and zenith angle.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the method further comprises the transmitting device obtaining an estimate of a position vector of the mobile device, wherein obtaining the estimate of the Doppler variable is also based on the position vector. Optionally, the position vector comprises a plurality of values ​​associated with a plurality of corresponding orthogonal directions in the global coordinate system.

[0014] According to various aspects of the present application, a sending device is provided, including a processor, which is used to cause the device to execute any of the above methods, and a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which includes instructions, and when the instructions are executed by a computer, the instructions cause the computer to execute any of the above methods.

[0015] According to one aspect of the present application, a method for Doppler compensation of a mobile device transmission waveform time sample performed in a transmitting device is provided. The method includes: receiving an uplink signal; the transmitting device processes the uplink signal to obtain an estimate of an uplink Doppler variable of a signal path between the mobile device and the transmitting device; the transmitting device obtains an adaptive waveform based on the estimate of the uplink Doppler variable of the signal path; and the transmitting device transmits the adaptive waveform.

[0016] According to various aspects of the present application, a sending device is provided, including a processor, which is used to cause the device to execute any of the above methods, and a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which includes instructions, and when the instructions are executed by a computer, the instructions cause the computer to execute any of the above methods.

[0017] According to one aspect of the present application, a method for facilitating Doppler compensation for transmission waveform time samples is provided. The method includes: a mobile device receives a perception reference signal. The method also includes: the mobile device processes the perception reference signal to obtain an estimate of a velocity vector of the mobile device. The method also includes sending feedback from the mobile device to a transmitting device. The feedback includes an indication of the estimate of the velocity vector, so that the transmitting device can obtain an estimate of a Doppler variable of a signal path between the transmitting device and the mobile device based on the estimate of the velocity vector, and obtain an adaptive waveform based on the estimate of the Doppler variable of the signal path. The method also includes: the mobile device receives a signal based on the adaptive waveform.

[0018] In an optional embodiment of the above aspect, the method further comprises: before receiving the perception reference signal, receiving an indication of a configuration for the perception reference signal. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a time resource for the perception reference signal and an indication of a frequency resource for the perception reference signal. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a waveform type for the perception reference signal. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a system parameter for the perception reference signal. Optionally, the configuration comprises an indication of a mapping function to be used when generating a time domain signal based on a perception profile identifier.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the method further comprises: receiving an indication of a Doppler pre-compensation value from the transmitting device, the Doppler pre-compensation value characterizing the adaptive waveform.

[0020] In an alternative embodiment, the velocity vector comprises a plurality of velocity values ​​associated with corresponding plurality of orthogonal directions in the global coordinate system.

[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the velocity vector includes scalar velocity magnitude, azimuth, and zenith angle.

[0022] According to various aspects of the present application, a mobile device is provided, comprising a processor, the processor being used to cause the device to execute any of the above methods, and a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute any of the above methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more fully understand the embodiments of the present application and their advantages, reference is now made to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by way of example, wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system that can implement an embodiment of the present application, the communication system includes multiple exemplary electronic devices and multiple exemplary sending and receiving points and various networks;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A block diagram of a communication system including a plurality of exemplary electronic devices, exemplary ground transmission and reception points and exemplary non-ground transmission and reception points, and various networks;

[0026] Figure 3 Provided for all aspects of this application Figure 2 Elements of an exemplary electronic device of Figure 2 Elements of an exemplary ground transmitting and receiving point and Figure 2 A block diagram of an example of an exemplary non-terrestrial transmitting and receiving point;

[0027] Figure 4 Various modules provided for various aspects of the present application may be included in an exemplary electronic device, an exemplary ground transmission and reception point, and an exemplary non-ground transmission and reception point;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the perception management functions provided for various aspects of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 An environment including an exemplary ground transmit-receive point, exemplary electronic equipment, diffusers, and reflectors is shown;

[0030] Figure 7 The present invention provides various aspects for providing a method for performing Doppler compensation during Figure 6 The ground sending and receiving points Figure 6 A signal flow diagram of an exemplary electronic device exchanging signals between the electronic devices;

[0031] Figure 8 shows a timeline with two consecutive sensing phases through communication and upsert;

[0032] Fig. 9 Shows Figure 6 An exemplary electronic device is in an environment in which the electronic device is in motion;

[0033] Fig.10 Shows Figure 6 An exemplary electronic device is in an environment in which the electronic device is in motion;

[0034] Fig.11 An environment including an exemplary ground transmitting and receiving point, exemplary electronic equipment, a reflector, and two sensing nodes is shown;

[0035] Fig.12 The present invention provides various aspects for providing a method for performing Doppler compensation during Fig.11 The ground sending and receiving points Fig.11 An exemplary electronic device and Fig.11 A signal flow graph for exchanging signals between a sensing node in the sensing nodes;

[0036] Fig.13 An environment including an exemplary ground transmission and reception point, exemplary electronic equipment, and reflectors is shown;

[0037] Fig.14 Shows various aspects of this application Fig.13 Example steps in an example uplink-based Doppler determination and pre-compensation method for an exemplary ground transmit-receive point;

[0038] Fig.15A A scenario in which an exemplary electronic device receives signals from an exemplary ground transmitting and receiving point through multiple paths is shown;

[0039] Fig. 15B A scenario is shown in which an exemplary electronic device receives signals from an exemplary ground transmitting and receiving point through multiple paths. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] For purposes of explanation, specific exemplary embodiments are explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate methods of practicing such subject matter. After reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize that the application of these concepts is not specifically addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the present application and the appended claims.

[0042] In addition, it should be understood that any module, component, or device disclosed herein for executing instructions may include or otherwise access one or more non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media for storing information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital video disc or digital versatile disc (DVD), Blu-ray TMSuch non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of, accessible to, or connected to a device. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions for implementing the applications or modules described herein may be stored or otherwise preserved by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.

[0043] refer to Figure 1 , as a non-limiting illustrative example, a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 includes a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g., sixth generation (6G) or higher) radio access network, or a conventional (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electronic devices (electric devices, ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generally referred to as 110) may be interconnected with each other and may also be connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generally referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. The core network 130 may be part of the communication system and may be dependent on or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. In addition, the communication system 100 includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160.

[0044] Figure 2An exemplary communication system 100 is shown. Typically, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to transmit data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content such as voice, data, video and / or text through broadcast, multicast and unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources such as carrier spectrum bandwidth between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (e.g., earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive perception and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.). The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and stability through the joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or its components) into a terrestrial communication system may result in a heterogeneous network that may be considered to include multiple layers. Compared with traditional communication networks, heterogeneous networks may obtain better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operations, more flexible function sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.

[0045] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system can be regarded as subsystems of the communication system. Figure 2 In the example shown, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generally referred to as EDs 110), radio access networks (RANs) 120a and 120b, non-terrestrial communication networks 120c, core networks 130, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a and 120b include corresponding base stations (BSs) 170a and 170b, which may also be generally referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 172, which may also be generally referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.

[0046] Any ED 110 may alternatively or additionally be used to connect, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a and 170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, ED 110a may perform uplink and / or downlink transmissions with T-TRP 170a via a terrestrial air interface 190a. In some examples, ED 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with each other via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may perform uplink and / or downlink transmissions with NT-TRP 172 via a non-terrestrial air interface 190c.

[0047] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technologies, such as any suitable wireless access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods in the air interfaces 190a and 190b, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), space division multiple access (SDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDMA (DFT-s-OFDMA). The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other high-dimensional signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal dimensions and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.

[0048] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between ED 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 through a wireless link or a simple link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 175 for multicast transmission.

[0049] The RANs 120a and 120b communicate with the core network 130 to provide various services, such as voice, data, and other services, to the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may communicate directly or indirectly with one or more other RANs (not shown), which may or may not be directly served by the core network 130 and may or may not use the same radio access technology as the RANs 120a and / or RANs 120b. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c and (ii) other networks (e.g., the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160). In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may include functionality to communicate with different wireless networks over different radio links using different radio technologies and / or protocols. Instead of (or in addition to) wireless communication, EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may also communicate with a service provider or switch (not shown) and with the Internet 150 via a wired communication channel. PSTN 140 may include a circuit-switched telephone network for providing plain old telephone service (POTS). Internet 150 may include a network of computers and / or subnets (intranets) and include protocols such as Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), etc. EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may be multi-mode devices capable of operating according to a variety of wireless access technologies and include a plurality of transceivers required to support these technologies.

[0050] Figure 3Another example of ED 110 and base stations 170a, 170b and / or 170c is shown. ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, etc. ED 110 can be widely used in various scenarios, such as cellular communication, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle to everything (V2X), peer-to-peer (P2P), machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IOT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), metadata, digital twin, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drone, robot, remote sensing, passive perception, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.

[0051] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end-user device for wireless operation, which may include (or may be referred to as) user equipment (UE / user device), wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), mobile station, fixed or mobile user unit, cellular phone, station (STA), machine type communication (MTC) equipment, personal digital assistant (PDA), smart phone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, consumer electronic device, watch, head-mounted device, glasses, smart book, vehicle, car, truck, bus, train or IoT device, industrial equipment or devices in the above devices (such as communication module, modem or chip), etc. The next generation ED 110 may be referred to using other terms. Base stations 170a and 170b are T-TRPs, which will be referred to as T-TRP 170 below. Similarly, in Figure 3 , the NT-TRP will be referred to hereinafter as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned on (i.e., established, activated or enabled), turned off (i.e., released, deactivated or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of: connection availability and connection necessity.

[0052] ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is shown. One, some or all of the antennas 204 may also be panels. A panel is a unit of an antenna group or antenna array or antenna subarray that can independently control a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be integrated into a transceiver. The transceiver is used to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or a network interface controller (NIC). The transceiver may also be used to demodulate data or other content received by at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received by wireless or wired means. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for sending and / or receiving wireless signals or wired signals.

[0053] ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. Memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by ED 110. For example, memory 208 can store software instructions or modules that are used to implement some or all of the functions and / or embodiments described herein and are executed by one or more processing units (e.g., processor 210). Each memory 208 includes any suitable one or more volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval devices. Any suitable type of memory can be used, such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), hard disk, optical disk, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, processor cache, etc.

[0054] ED 110 may also include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (e.g., Figure 1 The input / output device can interact with users or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to the user or receiving information from the user through operation, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display or touch screen, including network interface communication.

[0055] ED 110 includes a processor 210 for performing operations including operations related to preparing transmissions for uplink transmissions to NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and operations related to processing sidelink transmissions to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing transmissions for uplink transmissions may include operations such as encoding, modulation, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding received symbols. According to an embodiment, the downlink transmission may be received by receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g., by detecting and / or decoding the signaling). An example of signaling may be a reference signal sent by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming according to an indication of a beam direction received from the T-TRP 170, such as beam angle information (BAI). In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations related to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations related to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding, and obtaining system information. In some embodiments, for example, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170.

[0056] Although not shown, the processor 210 may constitute a part of the transmitter 201 and / or a part of the receiver 203. Although not shown, the memory 208 may constitute a part of the processor 210.

[0057] The processor 210 and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors, which are used to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 208). Alternatively, the processor 210 and some or all of the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be implemented using dedicated circuits, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a graphical processing unit (GPU), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0058] In some implementations, the T-TRP 170 may be known by other names, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS), a wireless base station, a network node, a network device, a network-side device, a transmitting / receiving node, a node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB), a home eNodeB, a next generation NodeB (gNB), a transmission point (TP), a site controller, an access point (AP) or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote wireless head, a ground node, a ground network device or a ground base station, a base band unit (BBU), a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), a remote radio head (RRH), a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a positioning node, etc. The T-TRP 170 may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a host node, etc., or a combination thereof. T-TRP 170 may refer to the above-mentioned device or a means in the above-mentioned device (eg, a communication module, a modem, or a chip).

[0059] In some embodiments, various parts of T-TRP 170 can be distributed. For example, some modules of T-TRP 170 can be away from the device that houses antenna 256 of T-TRP 170, and can be coupled to the device that houses antenna 256 through a communication link (not shown), sometimes also called front traction, such as common public radio interface (CPRI). Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 can also refer to the modules on the network side that perform processing operations such as determining the location of ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling), message generation and encoding / decoding, which are not necessarily part of the device that houses antenna 256 of T-TRP 170. These modules can also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, T-TRP 170 can actually be multiple T-TRPs that operate together to serve ED110 by using coordinated multi-point transmission, etc.

[0060] like Figure 3As shown, the T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is shown. One, some or all of the antennas 256 may also be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 also includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing transmissions for downlink transmissions to the ED 110; processing uplink transmissions received from the ED 110; preparing backhaul transmissions to the NT-TRP 172 and processing transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 via the backhaul. Processing operations associated with preparing transmissions for downlink or backhaul transmissions may include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations associated with processing received transmissions in the uplink or backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations related to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of a synchronization signal block (SSB), generating system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates an indication of a beam direction, such as a BAI, which may be scheduled by the scheduler 253 for transmission. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of ED 110, determining the location of the deployed NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, such as configuring one or more parameters of ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. It should be noted that the "signaling" used herein may also be referred to as control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and static or semi-static high-layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, such as a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0061] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within the T-TRP 170 or may operate separately from the T-TRP 170. The scheduler 253 may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (“configuration grants”) resources. The T-TRP 170 also includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 may store software instructions or modules for implementing some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and executed by one or more processors 260.

[0062] Although not shown, the processor 260 may constitute a part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. In addition, although not shown, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not shown, the memory 258 may constitute a part of the processor 260.

[0063] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 258). Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the processing components of the receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuits, such as an FPGA, a CPU, a GPU, or an ASIC.

[0064] It should be noted that the NT-TRP 172 is shown as a drone only as an example, but the NT-TRP 172 can be implemented in any suitable non-ground form. In addition, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-ground node, a non-ground network device, or a non-ground base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is shown. One, part, or all of the antennas may also be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated into a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 also includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing transmissions for downlink transmissions to the ED 110; processing uplink transmissions received from the ED 110; preparing backhaul transmissions for the T-TRP 170 and processing transmissions received from the T-TRP 170 via the backhaul. Processing operations associated with preparing transmissions for downlink transmission or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., MIMO precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations associated with processing received transmissions in the uplink or backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received signals, and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g., BAI) received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, such as configuring one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher-level functions such as functions of the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. Since this is just an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher-level functions in addition to physical layer processing.

[0065] NT-TRP 172 also includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not shown, processor 276 may constitute a part of transmitter 272 and / or a part of receiver 274. Although not shown, memory 278 may constitute a part of processor 276.

[0066] Processor 276 and the processing components of transmitter 272 and receiver 274 can each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 278). Alternatively, some or all of processor 276, the processing components of transmitter 272, and the processing components of receiver 274 can be implemented using dedicated circuits, such as a programmed FPGA, CPU, GPU, or ASIC. In some embodiments, NT-TRP 172 can actually be multiple NT-TRPs that operate together to serve ED 110 through coordinated multi-point transmission, etc.

[0067] The T-TRP 170, NT-TRP 172, and / or ED 110 may include other components, but these components are omitted for clarity.

[0068] One or more steps of the exemplary methods provided herein may be performed based on Figure 4 The corresponding unit or module is executed. Figure 4 Units or modules in devices such as ED 110, T-TRP 170, or NT-TRP 172 are shown. For example, a signal can be sent by a sending unit or a sending module. The signal can be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. The signal can be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps can be performed by artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) modules. The corresponding units or modules can be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more of these units or modules can be integrated circuits, such as FPGAs, GPUs, ASICs. It should be understood that if the above modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor, etc., these modules can be retrieved by the processor in whole or in part as needed, retrieved individually or collectively for processing, retrieved in one or more instances as needed, and these modules themselves can include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.

[0069] Other details about ED 110, T-TRP 170 and NT-TRP 172 are known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these details are omitted here.

[0070] The air interface typically includes a number of components and associated parameters that together specify how to send and / or receive transmissions over a wireless communication link between two or more communication devices. For example, the air interface may include one or more components that define a waveform, frame structure, multiple access scheme, protocol, coding scheme, and / or modulation scheme for transmitting information (e.g., data) over a wireless communication link. A wireless communication link may support a link between a radio access network and a user device (e.g., a "Uu" link), and / or a wireless communication link may support a link between devices, such as a link between two user devices (e.g., a "sidelink"), and / or a wireless communication link may support a link between a non-terrestrial (NT) communication network and a user equipment (UE). The following are some examples of the above components:

[0071] The waveform component can specify the shape and form of the transmitted signal. The waveform options can include orthogonal multiple access waveforms and non-orthogonal multiple access waveforms. Non-limiting examples of such waveform options include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Filtered OFDM (f-OFDM), Time Window OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC), Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM), Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM), Faster Than Nyquist (FTN) waveforms, and low peak-to-average power ratio waveforms (low PAPR WF).

[0072] The frame structure component may specify the configuration of a frame or a group of frames. The frame structure component may indicate one or more parameters of time, frequency, pilot signature, code, or other parameters of a frame or a group of frames. More details of the frame structure will be discussed below.

[0073] The multiple access scheme component may specify multiple access technology options, including technologies that define how communication devices share common physical channels, such as: TDMA; FDMA; CDMA; SDMA; OFDMA; SC-FDMA; Low Density Signature Multicarrier CDMA (LDS-MC-CDMA); Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA); Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA); Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA); Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA). In addition, the multiple access technology options may include: scheduled access versus unscheduled access, also known as unlicensed access; non-orthogonal multiple access versus orthogonal multiple access, for example, through dedicated channel resources (e.g., not shared between multiple communication devices); contention-based shared channel resources versus non-contention-based shared channel resources, and cognitive radio-based access.

[0074] A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol component may specify how transmission and / or retransmission is performed. Non-limiting examples of transmission and / or retransmission mechanism options include mechanisms for specifying scheduling data pipe sizes, signaling mechanisms for transmission and / or retransmission, retransmission mechanisms, and the like.

[0075] The coding and modulation components may specify how the information being transmitted is encoded / decoded and modulated / demodulated for transmission / reception. Coding may refer to methods of error detection and forward error correction. Non-limiting examples of coding options include turbo trellis codes, turbo product codes, fountain codes, low-density parity-check codes, and polar codes. Modulation may refer to constellations alone (e.g., including modulation techniques and orders), or more specifically to various types of advanced modulation methods, such as hierarchical modulation and low PAPR modulation.

[0076] In some embodiments, the air interface can be a "one-size-fits-all concept". For example, once the air interface is defined, the components within the air interface cannot be changed or adjusted. In some implementations, only limited parameters or modes of the air interface can be configured, such as the cyclic prefix (CP) length or the MIMO mode. In some embodiments, the air interface design can provide a unified or flexible framework to support frequency bands below 6 GHz and above 6 GHz (e.g., mmWave) for licensed and unlicensed access. For example, the flexibility of the configurable air interface provided by scalable system parameters and symbol duration can optimize transmission parameters for different spectrum bands and different services / devices. For another example, the unified air interface can be self-contained in the frequency domain, and the frequency domain self-contained design can support more flexible RAN slicing by sharing channel resources in frequency and time for different services.

[0077] The frame structure is a feature of the physical layer of wireless communication, which defines the time domain signal transmission structure, for example, to achieve the timing reference and timing alignment of the basic time domain transmission unit. Wireless communication between communication devices can occur on the time-frequency resources controlled by the frame structure. The frame structure can sometimes be called the radio frame structure.

[0078] Depending on the frame structure and / or the configuration of the frames in the frame structure, frequency division duplex (FDD) and / or time division duplex (TDD) and / or full duplex (FD) communication may be possible. FDD communication means that transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink and downlink) are performed on different frequency bands. TDD communication means that transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink and downlink) are performed for different durations. FD communication means that transmission and reception occur on the same time-frequency resources, that is, the device can send and receive simultaneously on the same frequency resources.

[0079] An example of a frame structure is a frame structure specified for use in a known long-term evolution (LTE) cellular system, having the following specifications: each frame has a duration of 10 ms; each frame has 10 subframes, each subframe has a duration of 1 ms; each subframe includes two time slots, each time slot has a duration of 0.5 ms; each time slot is used to transmit 7 OFDM symbols (assuming normal CP); each OFDM symbol has a symbol length and a specific bandwidth (or part of a bandwidth or a bandwidth partition) related to the number of subcarriers and the subcarrier spacing; the frame structure is based on OFDM waveform parameters such as subcarrier spacing and CP length (where the CP has a fixed length or a finite length option); the switching interval between uplink and downlink in TDD is specified as an integer time of the OFDM symbol duration.

[0080] Another example of a frame structure is a frame structure specified for use in a known new radio (NR) cellular system, with the following specifications: multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, each subcarrier spacing corresponds to a respective system parameter; the frame structure depends on the system parameters, but in any case, the frame length is set to 10ms, consisting of 10 subframes of 1ms each; a time slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols, and the time slot length depends on the system parameters. For example, the NR frame structure for a normal CP 15kHz subcarrier spacing ("system parameter 1") is different from the NR frame structure for a normal CP 30kHz subcarrier spacing ("system parameter 2"). For a 15kHz subcarrier spacing, the time slot length is 1ms, and for a 30kHz subcarrier spacing, the time slot length is 0.5ms. The NR frame structure may have greater flexibility than the LTE frame structure.

[0081] Another example of a frame structure is for a 6G network or higher. In a flexible frame structure, a symbol block can be defined as having a duration that is the minimum length of time that can be scheduled in the flexible frame structure. A symbol block can be a transmission unit having an optional redundant portion (e.g., a CP portion) and an information (e.g., data) portion. OFDM symbols are examples of symbol blocks. Symbol blocks may also be referred to as symbols. Embodiments of the flexible frame structure include different configurable parameters, such as frame length, subframe length, symbol block length, and the like. In some embodiments of the flexible frame structure, a non-exhaustive list of possible configurable parameters includes: frame length; subframe length; time slot configuration; subcarrier spacing (SCS); flexible transmission duration of a basic transmission unit; flexible switching gap.

[0082] The frame length does not need to be limited to 10ms, and the frame length can be configurable and change over time. In some embodiments, each frame includes one or more downlink synchronization channels and / or one or more downlink broadcast channels, and each synchronization channel and / or broadcast channel can be transmitted in different directions through different beamforming. The frame length can be multiple possible values ​​and is configured according to the application scenario. For example, an autonomous driving vehicle may require relatively fast initial access, in which case the frame length corresponding to the autonomous driving vehicle application can be set to 5ms. For another example, a smart meter on a house may not require fast initial access, in which case the frame length corresponding to the smart meter application can be set to 20ms.

[0083] Depending on the implementation, subframes may or may not be defined in the flexible frame structure. For example, a frame may be defined to include time slots but not subframes. In a frame where subframes are defined, for example, for time domain alignment, the duration of the subframes may be configurable. For example, the subframe length may be configured to be 0.1ms or 0.2ms or 0.5ms or 1ms or 2ms or 5ms, etc. In some embodiments, if subframes are not required in a particular scenario, the subframe length may be defined to be the same as the frame length or may not be defined.

[0084] Depending on the implementation, time slots may or may not be defined in a flexible frame structure. In a frame where time slots are defined, the definition of the time slots (e.g., in terms of duration and / or number of symbol blocks) may be configurable. In one embodiment, the time slot configuration is common to all UEs 110 or a group of UEs 110. For this case, time slot configuration information may be sent to UE 110 in a broadcast channel or a common control channel. In other embodiments, the time slot configuration may be UE-specific, in which case the time slot configuration information may be sent in a UE-specific control channel. In some embodiments, the time slot configuration signaling may be transmitted together with the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In other embodiments, the time slot configuration may be transmitted independently of the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. Typically, the time slot configuration may be system-shared, base station-shared, UE group-shared, or UE-specific.

[0085] The SCS may range from 15Khz to 480KHz. The SCS may vary with spectral frequency and / or maximum UE speed to minimize the effects of Doppler variation and phase noise. In some examples, there may be separate transmit and receive frames, and the SCS of symbols in the receive frame structure may be configured independently of the SCS of symbols in the transmit frame structure. The SCS in the receive frame may be different from the SCS in the transmit frame. In some examples, the SCS of each transmit frame may be half the SCS of each receive frame. If the SCS between the receive frame and the transmit frame is different, the difference does not have to be scaled by a factor of 2, for example, if an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) is used instead of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to achieve a more flexible symbol duration. Other examples of frame structures may be used with different SCSs.

[0086] The basic transmission unit may be a symbol block (also referred to as a symbol), which typically includes a redundant portion (referred to as a CP) and an information (e.g., data) portion. In some embodiments, the CP may be omitted from the symbol block. The CP length may be flexible and configurable. The CP length may be fixed within a frame or may be flexible within a frame, and the CP length may change with changes in frames, or with changes in frame groups, or with changes in subframes, or with changes in time slots, or dynamically with changes in scheduling. The information (e.g., data) portion may be flexible and configurable. Another possible parameter associated with a symbol block that may be defined is the ratio of the CP duration to the information (e.g., data) duration. In some embodiments, the symbol block length may be adjusted based on: channel conditions (e.g., multipath delay, Doppler variation); and / or delay requirements; and / or available duration. As another example, the symbol block length may be adjusted to accommodate the available duration in a frame.

[0087] The frame may include a downlink portion for downlink transmission from the base station 170 and an uplink portion for uplink transmission from the UE 110. There may be a gap between each uplink portion and the downlink portion, referred to as a switching gap. The switching gap length (duration) may be configurable. The switching gap duration may be fixed within a frame or may be flexible within a frame, and the switching gap duration may change with a change in a frame, or with a change in a frame group, or with a change in a subframe, or with a change in a time slot, or dynamically with a change in scheduling.

[0088] Equipment such as base station 170 can provide coverage on the cell. Wireless communication with the device can be carried out on one or more carrier frequencies. The carrier frequency will be referred to as a carrier. The carrier may also be referred to as a component carrier (CC). The characteristics of the carrier can be represented by its bandwidth and reference frequency, for example, the center frequency, the lowest frequency, or the highest frequency of the carrier. The carrier can be on a licensed spectrum or on an unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device may also or conversely be carried out on one or more bandwidth parts (BWP). For example, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device may be carried out on a spectrum. The spectrum may include one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.

[0089] A cell may include one or more downlink resources, and optionally, one or more uplink resources. A cell may include one or more uplink resources, and optionally, one or more downlink resources. A cell may include one or more downlink resources and one or more uplink resources. For example, a cell may include only one downlink carrier / BWP, or only one uplink carrier / BWP, or multiple downlink carriers / BWP, or multiple uplink carriers / BWP, or one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWP, or multiple downlink carriers / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or multiple downlink carriers / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWP. In some embodiments, a cell may alternatively or additionally include one or more sidelink resources, such as sidelink transmission and reception resources.

[0090] A BWP is a group of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers, or a group of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on multiple carriers, or a group of non-contiguous or contiguous frequency subcarriers, which may have one or more carriers.

[0091] In some embodiments, a carrier may have one or more BWPs, for example, a carrier may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz and consist of one BWP, or a carrier may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz and consist of two adjacent BWPs, and so on. In other embodiments, a BWP may have one or more carriers, for example, a BWP may have a bandwidth of 40 MHz and consist of two adjacent continuous carriers, each of which has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. In some embodiments, a BWP may include non-continuous spectrum resources consisting of a non-continuous plurality of carriers, wherein the first carrier of the non-continuous plurality of carriers may be in a mmW band, the second carrier may be in a low band (e.g., a 2 GHz band), the third carrier (if present) may be in a THz band, and the fourth carrier (if present) may be in a visible band. The resources in a carrier belonging to a BWP may be continuous or non-continuous. In some embodiments, a BWP has non-continuous spectrum resources on a carrier.

[0092] Wireless communication may be performed over an occupied bandwidth. The occupied bandwidth may be defined as the width of the frequency band such that below a lower frequency limit and above an upper frequency limit, the average power transmitted is each equal to a specified percentage of the total average transmitted power, β / 2, for example, the value of β / 2 is taken to be 0.5%.

[0093] The carrier, BWP or occupied bandwidth may be signaled by a network device (e.g., base station 170) dynamically (e.g., in physical layer control signaling such as downlink control information (DCI)), semi-statically (e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or in a medium access control (MAC) layer), or predefined according to an application scenario, or determined by UE 110 as a function of other parameters known to UE 110, or may be fixed by a standard, etc.

[0094] UE location information can be used in a cellular communication network to improve various performance indicators of the network. For example, these performance indicators can include capacity, agility and efficiency. The improvements can be achieved when elements of the network utilize the location, behavior, mobility patterns, etc. of the UE in the context of a priori information that describes the wireless environment in which the UE is operating.

[0095] The perception system can be used to help collect UE posture information, including the position of the UE in the global coordinate system, the speed and direction of movement of the UE in the global coordinate system, orientation information, and information about the wireless environment. "Position" is also called "positioning", and the two terms can be used interchangeably in this article. Examples of well-known perception systems include Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). Although the perception system is usually separated from the communication system, it may be advantageous to collect information using an integrated system, which reduces the hardware (and cost) in the system and the time, frequency or space resources required to perform these two functions. However, using communication system hardware to perform perception of UE posture and environmental information is a very challenging and open problem. The difficulty of this problem is related to factors such as the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamics of the environment, and the large number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and positions need to be estimated.

[0096] Therefore, integrated sensing and communication (also called integrated communication and sensing) is a desirable function in existing and future communication systems.

[0097] Any or all of the ED 110 and BS 170 may be sensing nodes in the system 100. A sensing node is a network entity that performs sensing by sending and receiving sensing signals. Some sensing nodes are communication devices that perform both communication and sensing. However, it is possible that some sensing nodes do not perform communication but are dedicated to sensing. Sensing agent 174 is an example of a sensing node dedicated to sensing. Unlike ED 110 and BS 170, sensing agent 174 does not send or receive communication signals. However, sensing agent 174 can transmit configuration information, sensing information, signaling information, or other information within the communication system 100. In some cases, multiple sensing agents 174 can be implemented and can communicate with each other to jointly perform sensing tasks. Sensing agent 174 can communicate with core network 130 to transmit information with the rest of the communication system 100. As an example, sensing agent 174 can determine the location of ED 110a and transmit the information to base station 170a via core network 130. Although in Figure 2 Only one perceptual agent 174 is shown in FIG. 1 , but any number of perceptual agents may be implemented in the communication system 100. In some embodiments, one or more perceptual agents may be implemented in one or more RANs 120.

[0098] The sensing node can combine the sensing-based technology with the reference signal-based technology to enhance the UE posture determination. This type of sensing node can also be referred to as a node that implements the sensing management function (SMF). In some networks, the SMF can also be referred to as a node that implements the location management function (LMF). The SMF can be implemented as a physically independent entity located at the core network 130 and connected to multiple BSs 170. In other aspects of the present application, the SMF can be implemented as a logical entity co-located in the BS 170 by logic executed by the processor 260. In this scenario, the sensing node can provide the sensing information to the SMF for processing.

[0099] like Figure 5As shown, when SMF 176 is implemented as a physically independent entity, it includes at least one processor 290, at least one transmitter 282, at least one receiver 284, one or more antennas 286 and at least one memory 288. Transceivers not shown can be used instead of transmitter 282 and receiver 284. Scheduler 283 can be coupled to processor 290. Scheduler 283 can be included in SMF 176 or can be operated separately from SMF 176. Processor 290 implements various processing operations of SMF 176, for example, signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing or any other function. Processor 290 can also be used to implement some or all of the functions and / or embodiments described in more detail herein. Each processor 290 includes any suitable processing or computing device for performing one or more operations. For example, each processor 290 may include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a field programmable gate array or an application-specific integrated circuit.

[0100] Reference signal-based attitude determination techniques belong to the "active" attitude estimation paradigm. In the active attitude estimation paradigm, an interrogator of attitude information (e.g., UE 110) participates in the process of determining the attitude of the interrogator. The interrogator can send or receive and process (or simultaneously send and receive / process) signals specific to the attitude determination process. Positioning techniques based on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) such as the known Global Positioning System (GPS) are other examples of the active attitude estimation paradigm. Various positioning techniques are also known in NR systems and LTE systems.

[0101] In contrast, perception techniques such as radar-based ones can be considered to belong to the “passive” attitude determination paradigm, in which the target is insensitive to the attitude determination process.

[0102] By integrating sensing and communication in one system, the system does not need to operate according to only a single paradigm. Therefore, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques can produce enhanced attitude determination.

[0103] For example, enhanced attitude determination can include obtaining UE channel subspace information, which is particularly useful for UE channel reconstruction at the sensing node, especially for beam-based operation and communication. The UE channel subspace is a subset of the entire algebraic space defined in the spatial domain, in which the entire channel from TP to UE is located. Therefore, the UE channel subspace defines the TP to UE channel with very high accuracy. The contribution of signals transmitted on other subspaces to the UE channel is negligible. Understanding the UE channel subspace helps reduce the work required for channel measurement at the UE and channel reconstruction on the network side. Therefore, compared with traditional methods, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques can achieve UE channel reconstruction with much less overhead. Subspace information can also facilitate subspace-based sensing to reduce sensing complexity and improve sensing accuracy.

[0104] In some embodiments of integrated sensing and communication, the same radio access technology (RAT) is used for sensing and communication. This avoids the need to reuse two different RATs on one carrier spectrum, or two different RATs require two different carrier spectrums.

[0105] In an embodiment of integrating sensing and communication under one RAT, the first set of channels may be used to transmit sensing signals, and the second set of channels may be used to transmit communication signals. In some embodiments, each channel in the first set of channels and each channel in the second set of channels is a logical channel, a transport channel, or a physical channel.

[0106] At the physical layer, communication and perception can be performed through separate physical channels. For example, a first physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-C is defined for data communication, while a second physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-S is defined for perception. Similarly, separate physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH) PUSCH-C and PUSCH-S can be defined for uplink communication and perception.

[0107] In another example, the same PDSCH and PUSCH can also be used for communication and perception, where separate logical layer channels and / or transport layer channels are defined for communication and perception. It should be noted that the control channel and data channel used for perception can have the same or different channel structures (formats) and occupy the same or different frequency bands or bandwidth portions.

[0108] In another example, a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a common physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be used to carry control information for sensing and communication. Alternatively, separate physical layer control channels can be used to carry separate control information for communication and sensing. For example, PUCCH-S and PUCCH-C can be used for uplink control of sensing and communication, respectively, and PDCCH-S and PDCCH-C can be used for downlink control of sensing and communication, respectively.

[0109] At each of the physical, transport, and logical layers, different combinations of shared and dedicated channels for sensing and communication may be used.

[0110] The term RADAR originates from the phrase radio detection and ranging; however, the expressions with different capitalizations (e.g., radar and radar) are equally valid and are now more common. Radar is commonly used to detect the presence and location of objects. A radar system radiates radio frequency energy and receives echoes of energy reflected from one or more targets. The system determines the attitude of a given target based on the echoes returned from the given target. The radiated energy can be in the form of energy pulses or continuous waves, which can be represented or defined by a specific waveform. Examples of waveforms used in radar include frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and ultra-wideband (UWB) waveforms.

[0111] Radar systems can be monostatic, bistatic, or multistatic. In a monostatic radar system, the radar signal transmitter and receiver are co-located, such as integrated into the transceiver. In a bistatic radar system, the transmitter and receiver are spatially separated by a distance equal to or greater than the expected target distance (often referred to as the range). In a multistatic radar system, two or more radar components are spatially distinct but have a shared coverage area. Multistatic radars are also called multistation radars or networked radars.

[0112] Terrestrial communication systems can also be referred to as land-based or ground-based communication systems, although terrestrial communication systems can also or conversely be implemented on the surface or in the water. Non-terrestrial communication systems can bridge the coverage gap in underserved areas by expanding the coverage of cellular networks using non-terrestrial nodes, which will be key to establishing seamless global coverage and providing mobile broadband services to unserved / underserved areas. In the current scenario, it is difficult to implement terrestrial access point / base station infrastructure in oceans, mountains, forests or other remote areas.

[0113] Ground-based radar applications face challenges such as multipath propagation and shadowing impairments. Another challenge is the identifiability issue, as ground targets have similar physical properties. Integrating sensing into communications systems is likely to face these same challenges, and more.

[0114] Communication nodes can be half-duplex or full-duplex. Half-duplex nodes cannot use the same physical resources (time, frequency, etc.) to send and receive at the same time; in contrast, full-duplex nodes can use the same physical resources to send and receive). Existing commercial wireless communication networks are all half-duplex. Even if full-duplex communication networks become practical in the future, it is expected that at least some of the nodes in the network will still be half-duplex nodes because half-duplex devices are less complex and have lower cost and power consumption. Specifically, full-duplex implementation is more challenging at higher frequencies (for example, in the millimeter wave band), which is very challenging for small, low-cost devices (such as micro-micro cell base stations and UEs).

[0115] The limitations of half-duplex nodes in communication networks create further challenges for devices and systems that integrate sensing and communication into communication networks. For example, both half-duplex and full-duplex nodes can perform bistatic or multistatic sensing, but monostatic sensing typically requires the sensing node to have full-duplex capabilities. Half-duplex nodes can perform monostatic sensing with certain limitations, such as in pulsed radars with specific duty cycles and ranging capabilities.

[0116] The characteristics of a perceptual signal or a signal used for both perception and communication include the waveform of the signal and the frame structure of the signal. The frame structure defines the time domain boundaries of the signal. The waveform describes the shape of the signal as a function of time and frequency. Examples of waveforms that can be used for perceptual signals include ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses, frequency-modulated continuous waves (FMCW) or "chirp", orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), cyclic prefix (CP)-OFDM, and discrete Fourier transform spread (DFT-s)-OFDM.

[0117] In one embodiment, the sensing signal is a linear frequency modulation signal with a bandwidth of B and a duration of T. Such linear frequency modulation signals are generally known from their use in FMCW radar systems. The linear frequency modulation signal is composed of a frequency modulation signal starting at an initial time t chirp0 The initial frequency f chirp0 To the final time t chirp1 The frequency f chirp1The relationship between frequency (f) and time (t) can be expressed as ff chirp0 =α(tt chirp0 ), where is defined as the linear frequency modulation slope. The bandwidth of the linear frequency modulation signal can be defined as B = f chirp1 -f chirp0 , the duration of the linear frequency modulation signal can be defined as T = t chirp1 -t chitp0 This linear frequency modulation signal can be represented in baseband representation as

[0118] Precoding as used herein may refer to any coding operation or modulation that converts an input signal into an output signal. Precoding may be performed in different domains and typically converts an input signal in a first domain into an output signal in a second domain. Precoding may include linear operations.

[0119] The terrestrial communication system may be a wireless communication system using 5G technology and / or next generation wireless technology (e.g., 6G or higher). In some examples, the terrestrial communication system may also be compatible with some traditional wireless technologies (e.g., 3G or 4G wireless technologies). A non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication system using a satellite constellation, such as a traditional geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite, which broadcasts public / popular content to a local server. A non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication system using a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, which is known to establish a better balance between a large coverage area and propagation path loss / delay. A non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication system using a stable satellite in very low earth orbit (VLEO) technology, thereby significantly reducing the cost of launching satellites into lower orbits. A non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication system using a high altitude platform (HAP), which is known to provide a low path loss air interface for users with limited power budgets. Non-terrestrial communication systems may be communication systems that use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (or unmanned aerial systems (UASs)) to achieve dense deployment, as their coverage can be limited to a local area, such as airborne equipment, balloons, quadcopters, drones, etc. In some examples, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, UAVs, HAPs, and VLEOs may be horizontal and two-dimensional. In some examples, UAVs, HAPs, and VLEOs may be coupled to integrate satellite communications into cellular networks. Emerging 3D vertical networks consist of many mobile (except geostationary satellites) and high-altitude access points, such as UAVs, HAPs, and VLEOs.

[0120] MIMO technology allows an antenna array consisting of multiple antennas to transmit and receive signals to meet the requirements of high transmission rates. ED 110 and T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP can use MIMO to communicate using wireless resource blocks. MIMO uses multiple antennas on the transmitter to transmit wireless resource blocks on parallel wireless signals. It can be seen that multiple antennas can be used on the receiver side. MIMO can beamform parallel wireless signals to achieve reliable multipath transmission of wireless resource blocks. MIMO can bind parallel wireless signals that transmit different data to increase the data rate of wireless resource blocks.

[0121] In recent years, a MIMO (massive MIMO) wireless communication system having a T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 configured with a large number of antennas has received widespread attention from academia and industry. In a massive MIMO system, a T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 is generally configured with more than 10 antenna elements (see Figure 3 Antenna 256 and antenna 280 in the T-TRP 170). T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 are typically used to serve dozens (e.g., 40) ED 110. The large number of antenna units of T-TRP 170 and NT-TRP 172 can greatly improve the spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectrum efficiency, and power efficiency, and reduce interference between cells to a great extent. The increase in the number of antennas supports each antenna unit to be made in a smaller size and at a lower cost. Utilizing the spatial freedom provided by the large-scale antenna units, the T-TRP 170 and NT-TRP 172 of each cell can communicate with multiple EDs 110 in the cell simultaneously on the same time-frequency resources, thereby greatly improving the spectrum efficiency. The large number of antenna units of T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 also enables each user to have better spatial directivity for uplink and downlink transmissions, so that the transmission power of T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 and ED 110 is reduced, and the power efficiency is correspondingly improved. When the number of antennas of T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 is large enough, the random channels between each ED 110 and T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be nearly orthogonal, thereby reducing the impact of interference and noise between cells and users. The above advantages make massive MIMO have broad application prospects.

[0122] A MIMO system may include a receiver connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitter connected to a transmit (Tx) antenna, and a signal processor connected to the transmitter and the receiver. Each of the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna may include multiple antennas. For example, the Rx antenna may have a uniform linear array (ULA) antenna, in which multiple antennas are arranged in rows at even intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive a signal reflected and returned from a forward target.

[0123] A non-exhaustive list of possible elements or possible configurable parameters or some embodiments of a MIMO system includes: panel; beam.

[0124] The beam can be formed by amplitude and / or phase weighting of the data sent or received by at least one antenna port. The beam can be constructed in the analog (RF) domain by a phase shifter, in the digital domain (baseband) by precoding, or in an analog / digital hybrid domain. The beam can be formed by other methods, such as adjusting the relevant parameters of the antenna unit. The beam may include a Tx beam and / or an Rx beam. The transmit beam represents the distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after the signal is sent through the antenna. The receive beam represents the signal strength distribution of the wireless signal received from the antenna in different directions in space. The beam information may include a beam identifier, an antenna port identifier, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, an SSB resource identifier, a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifiers.

[0125] The perception system can be used to help collect UE posture information, including the position of the UE in the global coordinate system, the moving speed and direction of the UE in the global coordinate system (i.e., velocity vector), the orientation information of the UE, and information about the wireless environment the UE is in. "Position" is also called "positioning", and the two terms can be used interchangeably in this article.

[0126] Various aspects of the present application attempt to address the known problem of lack of adaptability to UE mobility.

[0127] Various aspects of the present application relate to mobility-aware waveform adaptation based on perception. T-TRP 170 can estimate the velocity vector of UE110. The velocity vector estimate can be based on measurements made at UE 110 and fed back to T-TRP 170, or based on measurements made by other devices in the environment and provided to T-TRP 170. T-TRP 170 can obtain a Doppler variable estimate of the signal path between T-TRP 170 and UE 110 based on the estimate of the velocity vector. A task that helps to obtain the Doppler variable estimate may be information about the angle of arrival of the signal along the signal path at UE 110. This angle of arrival information can be received from UE 110 or determined based on UE location information. Then, T-TRP 170 can adapt the waveform to be transmitted based on the Doppler variable estimate of the signal path, and then send the adapted waveform. Occasionally, T-TRP 170 can obtain updates to parameters describing the location and mobility of UE110. Based on these updates, T-TRP 170 can update the waveform adaptation.

[0128] exist Figure 6In the illustrated environment 600, T-TRP 170 will communicate with UE 110. Figure 6 As shown, environment 600 includes obstacles 604-1, 604-2. Unfortunately, one of obstacles 604-1 may be viewed as an obstruction. It can be shown that obstruction 604-1 prevents the signal from T-TRP 170 from taking a direct line-of-sight path to UE 110. Fortunately, the other of obstacles 604-2 may be viewed as a reflector. The signal from T-TRP 170 traverses a path to UE 110 that includes reflections off reflector 604-2. Reflector 604-2 may not be completely "smooth" in the RF sense. The solid line at Figure 6 An idealized path from T-TRP 170 to UE 110 is shown in FIG. Figure 6 6 includes dashed lines to represent scattering of incident signals from T-TRP 170 toward UE 110. From the perspective of UE 110, the signal received from T-TRP 170, after reflecting off reflector 604-2, follows a path represented by a solid line, which appears to emanate from virtual TRP 170-V. Although a single path (e.g., Figure 6 The signal (solid line in ) can be associated with a direct value of the Doppler shift, but the dashed line can be considered more representative of a real-world scenario. Such a real-world scenario may be associated with a distribution of multiple values ​​of the Doppler shift. Therefore, the Doppler shift can be described as a random variable ("Doppler variable") that can be measured as having a probability distribution with a mean (Doppler shift) and a deviation (Doppler spread).

[0129] Other reflectors (not shown) may support signals from T-TRP 170 to pass through different Figure 6 The paths shown arrive at UE 110. UE 110 may distinguish the paths arriving at UE 110 by the angle of arrival (Angle-of-Arrival, AoA) of the signal from T-TRP 170.

[0130] Aspects of the present application relate to a Doppler variation compensation method having three phases: a sensing phase, a communication phase, and an updating phase. Figure 7 A signal flow diagram for exchanging signals between T-TRP 170 and UE 110 during Doppler variation compensation is shown.

[0131] In preparation for the perception phase, T-TRP 170 may send (step 702) to UE 110 an indication of the configuration of a sensing reference signal (SeRS) to be sent. In the perception phase, T-TRP 170 may send (step 706) the sensing reference signal according to the indicated configuration. The configuration may include detailed information of the sensing reference signal, including time / frequency resources, waveform type, detailed information of the waveform configuration, including system parameters and a mapping function to be used when generating based on the sensing profile ID. By receiving and processing the echo of the sensing reference signal, T-TRP 170 may obtain position information of reflectors and scatterers (e.g., obstruction 604-1 and reflector 604-2) in the environment of interest.

[0132] In addition, UE 110 may receive (step 708) a sensing reference signal. UE 110 may process (step 710) the received sensing reference signal to obtain a measurement. The processing (step 710) may enable UE 110 to obtain multipath measurement parameters for each of the plurality of primary paths. The multipath measurement parameters for the first path may include AoA, delay, Doppler variance estimate, and the like. D,l UE 110 may send (step 712) feedback to T-TRP 170. The feedback may include some or all of the multipath measurement parameters obtained by processing (step 710) the measurements. The feedback may also include attitude information of UE 110, including position and velocity vectors.

[0133] In order to prepare the multipath measurement parameters for transmission as feedback, UE 110 may map the multipath measurement parameters into the beam-frequency-Doppler domain. This mapping may be performed by quantizing each multipath measurement parameter into a 3D codeword H(N) in a three-dimensional (3D) codebook. t ) can be implemented. The dimensions of the codebook may include the transmission beam dimension, the delay dimension, and the Doppler variable dimension. The general 3D codeword H(N t ) can be expressed as:

[0134]

[0135] The transmission beam direction is Indicates that the delay The Doppler variable is expressed as After completing the quantization of the multipath measurement parameters, UE 110 may send feedback to T-TRP 170. The feedback may include all 3D codewords, a subset of 3D codewords, or an indication of a 3D codeword. For example, the indication of a 3D codeword may be an index of a codeword entry in a codeword table.

[0136] Upon receiving (step 714) the feedback, the T-TRP 170 may obtain the position of the UE 110 and the velocity vector of the UE 110. In addition, the T-TRP 170 may determine channel state information for the communication phase. The position of the UE 110 and the velocity vector of the UE 110 may be used by the T-TRP 170 when updating the per-path Doppler variable information (step 720, explained below). In some aspects of the present application, the velocity vector of the UE 110 may be measured by a sensor inside the UE 110. Therefore, with respect to the velocity vector, the UE 110 does not need to perform any measurements on the perception reference signal. Instead, the velocity vector included in the feedback sent in step 712 may be a velocity vector obtained by the UE 110 based on measurements made by the internal sensors. In this case, the T-TRP 170 may adjust the velocity vector fed back from the UE 110, which may be based on the local coordinate system of the UE 110, to obtain a velocity vector in the global coordinate system.

[0137] During the communication phase, T-TRP 170 can estimate f using the Doppler variables including the lth path. D,l The T-TRP 170 can perform waveform adaptation (step 718) based on the feedback of the time domain waveform sample s. b Doppler precompensation is performed for the scheduled transmission. Doppler precompensation time domain waveform sample x b Can be Get, where t s Then, T-TRP 170 may transmit the Doppler pre-compensated time domain waveform sample x n The signal formed.

[0138] In some aspects of the present application, rather than performing Doppler pre-compensation, it is desirable to perform Doppler post-compensation in UE 110. In a post-compensation scenario, UE 110 may multiply the received waveform samples by

[0139] In either the pre-compensation case or the post-compensation case, T-TRP 170 may optionally send (step 716) a binary Doppler_pre_compensate indicator to UE 110, thereby indicating to UE 110 whether post-compensation is performed.

[0140] As part of performing (step 718) waveform adaptation, T-TRP 170 may optionally send to UE 110 an indication of the Doppler precompensation value associated with each path index.

[0141] As part of performing (step 718) waveform adaptation, T-TRP 170 may optionally send to UE 110 an indication of the change in the Doppler precompensation value associated with each path index.

[0142] In the update phase, T-TRP 170 may utilize the information already acquired in the perception phase to try to update / refine (step 720) the Doppler variable estimate for each primary path. As described above, the acquired information may include information about the location of UE 110, information about a velocity vector associated with UE 110, and information about the environment (e.g., RF map).

[0143] The updating (step 720) may be performed during the interval between two consecutive sensing phases. Figure 8 A timeline with two consecutive sensing phases through communication and update insertion is shown. The time between two consecutive sensing phases may be referred to as the inter-sensing interval.

[0144] exist Fig. 9 In one scenario shown, the subsequent path 906-1 at the subsequent time t1 can be considered as a complete version of the initial path 906-0 at the initial time t0. The T-TRP 170 at the origin of the initial path 906-0 is the same as the T-TRP 170 at the origin of the subsequent path 906-1. It can be appreciated that the initial Doppler variable estimate f has been determined for the initial path 906-0. D0 Although the path remains intact, the movement of UE 110 causes the Doppler variable estimate to be updated.

[0145] The correction for the initial Doppler variation estimate f can be determined with relatively little effort D0 The amount Δf D , to obtain the subsequent Doppler variable estimate f D1 =f Do +Δf D , instead of performing the same calculation as used to estimate the initial Doppler variable f D0 Specifically, the following relationship can be used to determine the value used to correct the initial Doppler variable estimate f D0 The amount Δf D :

[0146]

[0147] Wherein v represents the velocity of UE 110 (i.e., the magnitude of velocity vector v), Δt represents the elapsed time between the initial time t0 and the subsequent time t1, d represents the path distance (for the initial path 906-0), and φ represents the angle between the initial path AoA and the angle associated with the UE velocity vector v.

[0148] In determining the correction for the initial Doppler variable estimate f D0 The amount Δf D When T-TRP 170 estimates f by using the new Doppler variable D1 To acquire and send (step 718) a new adaptive waveform. In addition, the change Δf is indicated to the UE 110. D , so that UE 110 can predict the new adaptive waveform.

[0149] exist Fig.10 In another scenario shown, the movement of UE 110 causes subsequent path 1006-1 at subsequent time t1 to no longer represent a complete version of initial path 1006-0 at initial time t0. T-TRP 170 at the origin of initial path 1006-0 is the same as virtual TRP 170-V at the origin of subsequent path 1006-1. It can be appreciated that an initial Doppler variable estimate f has been determined for initial path 1006-0. D0 The movement of UE 110 causes the Doppler variable estimate to be updated.

[0150] T-TRP 170 can obtain the subsequent position vector p1 of UE 110 by using the initial position vector p0, the velocity vector v and the elapsed time Δt=t1-t0. That is:

[0151] p1=p0+vΔt.

[0152] After obtaining the subsequent position vector p1, T-TRP 170 may determine the dominant multiple paths to UE 110 based on the position of UE 110, the environment map, and the AoA information received (step 714) in the feedback from UE 110. In some aspects of the present application, T-TRP 170 may send a path_update indicator to UE 110 as part of the Doppler update (step 720). In response to receiving (step 722) the path_update indicator, UE 110 may obtain an updated AoA estimate by performing an AoA estimation process. Then, UE 110 may send (step 724) an indication of the updated AoA estimate to T-TRP 170. T-TRP 170 may determine a new Doppler variable estimate based on the velocity vector v associated with UE 110 and the received updated AoA estimate. In some embodiments, the T-TRP may obtain AoA information based on information stored in T-TRP 170, rather than receiving AoA information from UE 110. In practice, the information stored in T-TRP 170 may include an environment map and a lookup table. Given multiple potential UE locations in the environment and a corresponding multiple visible virtual TRPs for each potential UE location, the lookup table may provide a mapping between UE locations and AoA information.

[0153] In the case where the main reflector of the new path is moving, Doppler precompensation can be determined by T-TRP 170 using a two-step process. For example, consider Fig.10 1 is moving. In a first step, T-TRP 170 may project the movement of virtual TRP 170-V corresponding to reflector 604-2 along the line defined by the AoA estimate. In a second step, T-TRP 170 may determine a relative Doppler variation estimate based on the predicted movement of UE 110 and the predicted movement of virtual TRP 170-V.

[0154] It should be noted that in the two scenarios discussed above, it is assumed that the inter-sensing interval of the speed vector associated with UE 110 does not change (see Figure 8 ).

[0155] In various aspects of the present disclosure, Doppler variation estimation and compensation may be performed with little or no involvement of UE 110 . Fig.11 An environment including T-TRP 170, UE 110, obstacle 604, and two sensing nodes 1102-1, 1102-2 is shown. Sensing nodes 1102-1, 1102-2 can estimate the pose (including position p and velocity vector v) of UE 110. It is expected that sensing nodes 1102-1, 1102-2 have been assigned / configured by T-TRP 170 to perform such estimation.

[0156] This sensing method may be referred to as “cooperative sensing.” The initial posture of UE 110 may be represented by a raw position estimate vector p0 and a velocity vector v. Sensing nodes 1102-1, 1102-2 may perform sensing with a periodicity defined / configured by T-TRP 170.

[0157] Fig.12 A signal flow diagram for exchanging signals between T-TRP 170, sensing node 1102, and UE 110 is shown.

[0158] Initially, the T-TRP 170 may send (step 1202) a request-to-sense (RTS) instruction to the sensing node 1102, and may send (step 1202) an indication of the configuration of the sensing reference signal (SeRS) to be transmitted along with the RTS instruction. This configuration indication may also include the approximate location of the UE 110 so that the sensing node 1102 may adjust the transmission of the sensing reference signal to point to the UE 110 and adjust the transmission power of the sensing reference signal. In some embodiments, the configuration may include an initial direction pointing to the sensing reference signal. The T-TRP 170 may obtain the initial direction pointing to the sensing reference signal based on the knowledge of the approximate location of the sensing node 1102 and the approximate location of the UE 110. The configuration may also include detailed information of the sensing reference signal, including time / frequency resources, waveform type, details of the waveform configuration, including system parameters, and mapping functions to be used when generating based on the sensing profile ID. In some other embodiments, the configuration may include a sensing ID of the UE 110 to be sensed, wherein the sensing ID may be different from an ID associated with the UE 110 for identifying the UE 110 in a data communication context. Some of these configurations may be dynamic, including sensing direction and UE sensing ID, and thus may be transmitted to the sensing node 1102 via L1 signaling (including DCI). Some other configurations may be semi-static, including waveform parameters such as mapping functions, and may be transmitted to the sensing node 1102 via higher layer signaling (such as RRC and MAC-CE). The sensing node 1102 then sends (step 1204) a sensing reference signal with the indicated configuration. Upon receiving an echo of the sensing reference signal from the UE 110, the sensing node 1102 may process (step 1206) the received echo to determine a position vector p0 and a velocity vector v to be associated with the UE 110. The velocity vector may be expanded to show the component v=(v x ,v y ,v z ), where v x represents the UE speed on the x-axis, vy represents the UE speed on the y-axis, v z represents the UE velocity on the z-axis. The position vector can be expanded in a similar manner to show the components. In some embodiments, the position vector and the velocity vector can be represented in polar coordinates. For example, the velocity vector can be defined as v = (|v|, φ v ,θ v ), where |v| represents the scalar velocity amplitude, φ v represents the azimuth, θ v Represents the zenith angle of the velocity vector. The position vector may be expanded in a similar manner to show the polar coordinate portion. In some embodiments, the echo signal received by the sensing node 1102 includes information about the UE 110. The information about the UE 110 may enable the sensing node 1102 to distinguish the echo signal corresponding to the UE 110 from the echo signals from other UEs or other objects in the environment. Then, the sensing node 1102 may send (step 1208) an indication of the position vector and the velocity vector to the T-TRP 170. The feedback information (step 1208) from the sensing node 1102 to the T-TRP 170 may include an identification of a specific UE 110 so that the T-TRP 170 may associate these measurements (p0, v) with a specific UE 110. In some embodiments, the feedback information may include some indications of the position vector and the velocity vector. A non-limiting example may include, given the quantization error indicated in the configuration indication sent (step 1202) by the T-TRP 170 to the sensing node 1102, quantizing the position and velocity vectors.

[0159] Upon receiving (step 1210) an indication of the position vector and the velocity vector, the T-TRP 170 may perform (step 1218) waveform adaptation. That is, the T-TRP 170 may adapt the time domain waveform samples s n Specifically, T-TRP 170 may use the indication of the position vector and the velocity vector to determine an estimate of the Doppler variable f of the lth signal path between T-TRP 170 and UE 110. D,l In some embodiments, the T-TRP may obtain AoA information based on information stored in T-TRP 170. As described above, the information stored in T-TRP 170 may include an environment map and a lookup table. Given multiple potential UE locations in the environment and a corresponding multiple visible virtual TRPs for each potential UE location, the lookup table may provide a mapping between UE locations and AoA information.

[0160] As mentioned above, the Doppler pre-compensated time domain waveform sample x n Can be Get, where t sIn some aspects of the present application, Doppler pre-compensation is not performed, but it is desired to perform Doppler post-compensation in UE 110. In the pre-compensation case or the post-compensation case, T-TRP 170 may optionally send (step 1216) a binary Doppler_pre_compensate indicator to UE 110, thereby indicating to UE 110 whether to perform post-compensation.

[0161] As part of performing (step 1218) waveform adaptation, T-TRP 170 may optionally send to UE 110 an indication of the Doppler precompensation value associated with each path index.

[0162] In the update phase, the T-TRP 170 may utilize the updated information already acquired by the sensing node 1102 to update / refine (step 1220) the Doppler variable estimate for each primary path. The sensing node 1102 may periodically send (step 1208) indications of the updated position vector and the updated velocity vector to the T-TRP 170.

[0163] In an alternative to receiving (step 1210) an updated position vector, T-TRP 170 may be configured to provide an inter-sensing interval (see Figure 8 ) uses the expression p1=p0+vΔt to obtain the new position p1 of UE 110 at a future time t1, where Δt=t1-t0.

[0164] As part of the Doppler update (step 1220), T-TRP 170 may determine one or more primary paths based on the new position p1 of UE 110 and the environment map. In addition, determining one or more primary paths may be based on AoA information. The AoA information may be determined based on the new position p1 of UE 110 and the position / orientation of reflector 604. The AoA information may be determined based on the projection of the AoD vector on the reflector plane defined by reflector 604.

[0165] In various aspects of the present application, T-TRP 170 may send a path_update indicator as part of the Doppler update to UE 110 (step 1220). After receiving (step 1222) the path_update indicator, UE 110 may determine an AoA estimate and send (step 1224) an indication of the AoA estimate to T-TRP 170. After receiving the indication of the AoA estimate, T-TRP 170 may re-determine an update to the path Doppler variable estimate based on the UE velocity vector and the AoA estimate.

[0166] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, the sensing node 1102 may be configured to periodically determine an updated speed vector of the UE 110. The sensing node 1102 may be configured to send (not shown) any significant changes in the speed vector of the UE 110 to the T-TRP 170.

[0167] Various aspects of the present application relate to UL-based Doppler variable determination and pre-compensation for Fig.13 The cases shown utilize channel (DL and UL), angle (AoA and AoD) and Doppler variation (f D,downlink =f D,uplink ) reciprocity. Example steps of the UL-based Doppler variable determination and pre-compensation method are as follows Fig.14 shown.

[0168] Initially, UE 110 transmits a signal. The signal may be a sensing reference signal or a data signal. Upon receiving (step 1402) the signal, T-TRP 170 may perform (step 1404) Doppler variation estimation on the received signal and thereby obtain a UL Doppler variation estimation f D,uplibk In the case where the received signal is a data signal, it can be understood that the data signal includes a pilot signal. The T-TRP 170 may first obtain a rough UL Doppler variable estimate f according to the pilot signal. D,uplink,rough Secondly, T-TRP 170 can decode the data in the data signal and use the decoded data as a perceptual pilot to perform a fine Doppler variance estimation, thereby obtaining a rougher UL Doppler variance estimation f than the rough UL Doppler variance estimation f. D,uplink,rough The updated UL Doppler variable estimate f is more accurate D,uplink,fine .

[0169] Upon determining (step 1406) that the UE attitude (position and velocity vectors) is available at the T-TRP 170, the T-TRP 170 may perform (step 1408) a Doppler variable update, i.e., the T-TRP 170 may obtain other updated Doppler variable estimates f D,uplink,updated Then, T-TRP 170 performs (step 1410) Doppler precompensation according to the method proposed above. That is, Get Doppler pre-compensation time domain waveform sample x n (Step 1410).

[0170] Upon determining (step 1406) that the UE posture is not available at the T-TRP 170, the T-TRP 170 may then estimate f based on the updated UL Doppler variables on the receive path. D,uplink,fine The obtained value of performs (step 1410) Doppler pre-compensation. That is, it can be used Get Doppler pre-compensation time domain waveform sample x n (Step 1410).

[0171] T-TRP 170 may then transmit (step 1412) a downlink signal to UE 110. That is, T-TRP 170 may then transmit (step 1412) the Doppler pre-compensated time-domain waveform samples to UE 110.

[0172] Optionally, T-TRP 170 may send (step 1414) Doppler_Update_Instruction to UE 110. As part of sending (step 1412) the Doppler_Update_Instruction instruction, T-TRP 170 may also send information to UE 110. The information may include the obtained updated Doppler variable estimate f D,uplink,fine The value of and path distance d. This information can be shown to enable UE 110 to determine the DL Doppler variable estimate Δf D,downlink The determination may be based on information maintained at the UE 110, such as the velocity vector and AoA. The UE 110 may determine the DL Doppler variation estimate Δf using the following formula: D,downlink Changes:

[0173]

[0174] In determining the DL Doppler variable estimate Δf D,downlink , UE 110 may perform post-Doppler compensation on the received DL signal Even though the DL signal has been pre-compensated by T-TRP 170 (step 1410).

[0175] Aspects of the present application relate to Doppler variation compensation at a transmitter. For downlink (DL) transmission, the transmitter is a T-TRP 170 . Fig.15A A scenario is shown in which UE 110 receives a signal from T-TRP 170 through multiple paths. Fig. 15B Also shown is a scenario where UE 110 receives signals from T-TRP 170 through multiple paths. Fig.15A The scene shown in Fig. 15B One difference between the scenarios shown in Fig.15A The paths in can be called "separable", whereas, on the contrary, Fig. 15B The paths in can be called "inseparable". Fig.15AThe separable paths may be formed by analog / digital beamforming. When the paths are not separable, the UE 110 and / or T-TRP 170 cannot distinguish the paths due to limited processing resources or limited resources of the sensing reference signal. The limited number of antennas may affect the separability of the paths in the angular domain. The limited bandwidth of the sensing reference signal may affect the separability in the delay domain. The processing bandwidth of the node may affect the separability in the delay domain. The limited duration may affect the separability in the Doppler domain.

[0176] Considering Fig.15A In the present application, various aspects of the present application relate to determining a separate compensation for each of the separated paths. It can be assumed that there are N channels between the T-TRP 170 and the UE 110 before any digital / analog beamforming is performed. The T-TRP 170 can use a beamforming vector for the lth channel of the N channels. By using the beamforming vector, the T-TRP 170 can aim at the lth channel in the direction of the lth path. In obtaining the Doppler variable estimate f of the lth path, the T-TRP 170 can calculate the Doppler compensation of the lth path. D,l After that, T-TRP 170 can be Precompensate the signal sent on channel l. It is expected that Fig.15A In the scenario shown, UE 110 will experience a time-invariant channel on each path.

[0177] from Fig. 15B Considering the inseparable paths of the beamforming, the equivalent channel is multipath even after beamforming. Taking into account Doppler compensation, in a first option, T-TRP 170 can obtain the Doppler shift value estimate f of the “average” Doppler shift value D,mean The average Doppler shift value may be defined as the average of multiple Doppler shift values. T-TRP 170 may then be calculated by multiplying the waveform time sample by Considering Doppler compensation, in the second option, T-TRP 170 can obtain the Doppler frequency shift value estimate f of the average path. D,ave . Doppler variable estimation f D,ave can be determined as the average of the estimated Doppler values ​​for all paths. T-TRP 170 can then be calculated by multiplying the waveform time samples by to perform pre-compensation.

[0178] exist Fig. 15B In the case of a separable path, T-TRP 170 may signal to UE 110 the pre-compensated Doppler variable f DThe estimated value of and the path index, the path index is used to specify the path to be pre-compensated and the residual Doppler vector of the remaining path (if the residual Doppler vector is greater than the threshold). The residual Doppler vector can be expressed as the Doppler variable f of the path to be pre-compensated D and the Doppler variable f of the path without precompensation D It should be noted that even for separable paths, T-TRP 170 may decide to use only one Doppler variable f D The reason could be, for example, that due to analog beamforming, the beam contains all paths and it may be considered more convenient to apply a single Doppler variable to all paths.

[0179] For uplink (UL) transmission, the transmitter is UE 110. Various aspects of the present application rely on the assumption of channel reciprocity for angle and Doppler variation. UE 110 can obtain Doppler variation estimates for each path by measurement, where the paths are distinguished by AoA. The measurement can be based on projection. UE 110 can use the Doppler variation estimate associated with the specific path to pre-compensate the signal to be transmitted on a specific path. In the case of multipath, UE 110 can use one of the above methods and use the same signaling mechanism for pre-compensation. T-TRP 170 can send the Doppler variation estimate estimated per path to UE 110. UE 110 can use the Doppler variation estimate per path for pre-compensation.

[0180] It should be understood that one or more steps of the embodiment method provided herein can be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, data can be sent by a sending unit or a sending module. Data can be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. Data can be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Each unit / module can be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more units / modules can be integrated circuits, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). It should be understood that if these modules are software, these modules can be retrieved in whole or in part by a processor as needed, retrieved individually or collectively for processing, retrieved in one or more instances as needed, and these modules themselves can include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.

[0181] Although features are shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all features need to be combined to achieve the advantages of the various embodiments of the present application. In other words, the system or method designed according to the embodiment of the present application does not necessarily include all the features shown in any one of the figures or all the parts schematically shown in the figures. In addition, the selected features of an exemplary embodiment can be combined with the selected features of other exemplary embodiments.

[0182] Although the present application has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, the description is not intended to be understood in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments and other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art with reference to this specification. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to cover any such modifications or embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for sending a wireless signal to a mobile device, characterized in that: The method comprises: The sending device obtains an estimate of a velocity vector of the mobile device; The transmitting device obtains, based on the estimate of the velocity vector, an estimate of a Doppler variable of a signal path between the transmitting device and the mobile device; The transmitting device acquires an adaptive waveform based on the estimation of the Doppler variable of the signal path; A signal is transmitted from the transmitting device according to the adaptive waveform.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The obtaining the estimate of the velocity vector comprises basing the estimate of the velocity vector on information received from a sensing device.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Also includes: An indication of a configuration for sensing a reference signal is sent to the sensing device.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The configuration includes an indication of an approximate location of the mobile device.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The configuration includes an indication of an initial direction of the perception reference signal.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that The configuration includes an indication of a time resource for the perception reference signal and an indication of a frequency resource for the perception reference signal.

7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that The configuration includes an indication of a waveform type of the perceptual reference signal.

8. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that The configuration includes an indication of a system parameter of the perceptual reference signal.

9. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that The configuration comprises an indication of a mapping function to be used when generating a time domain signal based on the perception profile identification.

10. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that The configuration includes an indication of a perceived identity of the mobile device, wherein the perceived identity is different than an identity associated with the mobile device for identifying the mobile device in a data communications context.

11. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that The sensing device comprises a device different from the mobile device.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that The velocity vector includes a plurality of velocity values ​​associated with corresponding plurality of orthogonal directions in a global coordinate system.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that The velocity vector includes a scalar velocity magnitude, an azimuth angle, and a zenith angle.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that The transmitting device also obtains an estimate of a position vector of the mobile device, wherein obtaining the estimate of the Doppler variable is also based on the position vector.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The position vector includes a plurality of values ​​associated with the corresponding plurality of orthogonal directions in the global coordinate system.

16. A sending device, characterized in that: The device comprises a processor configured to cause the device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that: When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is caused to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 .

18. A method for receiving a wireless signal by a mobile device, characterized in that: The method comprises: The mobile device receives a sensing reference signal; processing, by the mobile device, the sensing reference signal to obtain an estimate of a velocity vector of the mobile device; sending feedback from the mobile device to a sending device, the feedback comprising an indication of the estimate of the velocity vector, thereby causing the sending device to: obtaining a Doppler variable of a signal path between the transmitting device and the mobile device based on the estimate of the velocity vector; obtaining an adaptive waveform based on the estimate of the Doppler variable of the signal path; The mobile device receives a signal according to the adaptive waveform.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that Also includes: Prior to the receiving a perceptual reference signal, an indication of a configuration for the perceptual reference signal is received.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that The configuration includes an indication of a time resource for the perception reference signal and an indication of a frequency resource for the perception reference signal.

21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that The configuration includes an indication of a waveform type of the perceptual reference signal.

22. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that The configuration includes an indication of a system parameter of the perceptual reference signal.

23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that The configuration comprises an indication of a mapping function to be used when generating a time domain signal based on the perception profile identification.

24. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that Also includes: An indication of a Doppler precompensation value is received from the transmitting device, the Doppler precompensation value characterizing the adaptive waveform.

25. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that The velocity vector includes a plurality of velocity values ​​associated with corresponding plurality of orthogonal directions in a global coordinate system.

26. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that The velocity vector includes a scalar velocity magnitude, an azimuth angle, and a zenith angle.

27. A mobile device, characterized in that: comprising a processor for causing the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of claims 18 to 26.

28. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that: When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is caused to perform the method according to any one of claims 18 to 26.

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