Method, system and detection device for detecting partial discharge signals with a rydberg atom

Abstract

The application discloses a method, system and detection device for detecting partial discharge signals by using Rydberg atoms, and the method comprises the following steps: preparing Rydberg atoms in a cesium atom vapor chamber; receiving an optical signal by a photoelectric detector; obtaining an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum and taking the spectrum as an electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum; placing a propagation direction of a to-be-detected signal perpendicular to a laser propagation direction in the cesium atom vapor chamber; preparing Rydberg atoms in the cesium atom vapor chamber again; receiving an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the to-be-detected signal by the photoelectric detector and taking the spectrum as a to-be-detected electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum; comparing the to-be-detected electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum with the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum; if a signal peak exists in the spectrum, it is indicated that the to-be-detected signal exists in partial discharge; and if the signal peak does not exist, it is indicated that the to-be-detected signal does not exist in partial discharge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of partial discharge field detection technology, specifically to a method, system, and detection device for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms. Background Technology

[0002] A fault arc can be considered a nonlinear resistor in a circuit, and its current is relatively small, making it impossible to detect and block using traditional residual current devices (RCDs). Current methods for detecting fault arcs mainly include invasive detection methods based on time-frequency domain analysis of voltage and current data and pattern recognition algorithms, and non-invasive detection methods that analyze the acoustic, optical, electromagnetic radiation, and thermal signals emitted by the fault arc circuit system based on its external physical characteristics.

[0003] Current research on detecting fault arcs based on arc radio frequency signals mostly uses traditional metal antennas to receive the radio frequency signals emitted by the fault arc. It can identify the fault arc by utilizing the characteristic frequency band of the arc radio frequency signal at the MHz level, and determine the distance to the fault arc based on the strength of the radio frequency signal received by the antenna.

[0004] Traditional metallic antennas, based on the principle of electric dipole resonance, face many limitations in detecting electromagnetic waves, such as the Chu limit in size, Johnson-Nyquist noise limiting sensitivity, and the perturbation of the measured field by the metal itself. Rydberg atom electric field sensors, which are not subject to these limitations, are rapidly developing, enabling precise measurements of parameters such as electric field strength, polarization, and phase. Non-metallic Rydberg atom electric field sensors have the advantage of self-calibration and are isotropic in their response to electric fields. Theoretically, Rydberg atom electric field sensors can measure frequencies from DC to terahertz, with an electric field power sensitivity limit of -189 dBm / Hz. The outermost electrons of Rydberg atoms are in a highly excited state with a large principal quantum number, possessing a large electric dipole moment and being sensitive to electric fields of various frequencies. Rydberg atom electric field sensors achieve non-destructive detection of atoms using optical methods, based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), the AC Stark shift, and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting.

[0005] Currently, Rydberg atoms are making continuous progress in electric field sensing and communication, such as improving the accuracy of electric field measurement based on critical phase transition, real-time measurement over a wide spectrum, and receiving digital and analog signals.

[0006] Traditional methods cannot avoid the problem of using electric dipole antennas to read fault signals, which makes traditional sensing devices very susceptible to polarization breakdown and damage by fault signals under high voltage environments.

[0007] In the prior art, patent publication number CN114487621A discloses a device and method for measuring continuous frequency electric fields based on the Rydberg atom AC Stark effect. A cesium atom vapor cell is used as the atomic sample cell, and cesium atoms are excited to the Rydberg state under the action of probe light and coupling light emitted from two laser sources. Electric field measurement is performed using electromagnetic induction transparent spectroscopy. This invention requires the simultaneous use of a strong electric field as a local field to construct a heterodyne signal, and can only detect continuous frequency microwave electric fields. It is unsuitable for partial discharge detection scenarios and cannot be applied to high-voltage environments. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-invasive method for detecting fault arcs under high voltage conditions.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms includes:

[0011] In the cesium atom vapor chamber, the light signal of Rydberg atoms is received by a photodetector to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is then used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum.

[0012] The propagation direction of the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the signal to be measured, and uses it as the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to be detected.

[0013] By comparing the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum, if a signal peak is present in the spectrum, it indicates that there is partial discharge in the signal to be detected; if no signal peak is present, it indicates that there is no partial discharge in the signal to be detected.

[0014] The response of a Rydberg atom electric field sensor to the radio frequency signal of an electric arc lighter was studied using Cs atom EIT spectroscopy, and a partial discharge field detection method based on Rydberg atoms was invented.

[0015] This invention uses a non-metallic Rydberg atomic electric field sensor to non-invasively detect electric arc signals, providing a new approach for detecting fault arcs in circuit systems and expanding the application scenarios of Rydberg atomic electric field sensors.

[0016] This invention can directly measure the arc signal, and the frequency measurement results are consistent with those of traditional passive metal antennas. The distance of the arc can be determined by the intensity of the received arc signal.

[0017] In one embodiment of the invention, the preparation of Rydberg atoms includes: ground state First low-excited state Second low-excited state and Ridburg And probe light, embellishment light and coupling light of different wavelengths; wherein, the probe light, embellishment light and coupling light respectively drive energy level steps. , , .

[0018] In one embodiment of the invention, the probe light, the embellishment light, and the coupling light coincide and pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber, forming a Rydberg atom antenna detection region within the cesium atom vapor chamber; the signal to be measured is detected through the Rydberg atom antenna detection region.

[0019] Obtaining the detection region of the Rydberg atomic antenna includes the following steps:

[0020] The probe light is incident parallel to the cesium atom vapor chamber, passes through the cesium atom vapor chamber, and is received by the photodetector;

[0021] The embellishment light and coupling light are incident on the cesium atom vapor chamber, and their propagation directions are opposite to those of the probe light; the probe light, embellishment light and coupling light form the Rydberg atom antenna detection region in the cesium atom vapor chamber.

[0022] In one embodiment of the invention, obtaining the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum or electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum to be detected includes:

[0023] Resonant transitions are driven by locking the frequency of the probe light using the saturable absorption spectrum. By locking the frequency of the saturated light through the two-photon spectrum formed by the overlap of the probe light and the saturated light in the cesium atom vapor chamber, resonant transitions are driven. Then, by scanning the coupled light and energy level transitions... Disharmony Then, the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum or electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum to be detected is obtained.

[0024] In one embodiment of the invention, the probe light is uniformly split into two beams that pass through a cesium atom vapor chamber and reach a photodetector; one beam serves as the probe light to participate in the construction of an electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected, while the other beam serves as a reference light; after being detected by the photodetector, the two beams are differentially amplified to suppress common-mode signals.

[0025] In one embodiment of the invention, if the signal under test has partial discharge, the frequency comb spectrum is presented by the spectral characteristics of the signal under test during detection, and a beat frequency signal is spontaneously generated; and the beat frequency signal is detected by the Rydberg atom.

[0026] In one embodiment of the invention, when acquiring the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to be detected, the farthest perpendicular distance between the signal to be measured and the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber is determined by the following method:

[0027] After placing the simulated partial discharge signal propagation direction perpendicular to the laser propagation direction in the cesium atom vapor chamber, the vertical distance between the partial discharge signal and the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber is changed from small to large. The photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the partial discharge signal until the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum can no longer display the partial discharge signal.

[0028] The distance at which electromagnetically induced transparent spectroscopy fails to display partial discharge signals is taken as the farthest vertical distance between the signal under test and the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber.

[0029] In one embodiment of the invention, an arc lighter simulates the generation of a partial discharge signal.

[0030] In one embodiment of the invention, the present invention also provides a system for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, comprising performing the method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms as described above, including:

[0031] The EIT background module is used to prepare Rydberg atoms in a cesium atom vapor chamber. The optical signal is received by a photodetector to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is then used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum.

[0032] The EIT module to be tested is used to place the propagation direction of the signal to be tested perpendicular to the laser propagation direction in the cesium atom vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the signal to be tested, and uses it as the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to be tested.

[0033] The partial discharge detection module is used to compare the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum. If a signal peak is present in the spectrum, it indicates that the signal to be tested has partial discharge; if no signal peak is present, it indicates that the signal to be tested does not have partial discharge.

[0034] The present invention also provides a detection device applied to the above-described method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, comprising: a cesium atom vapor chamber and a photodetector; and a device for emitting a signal to be measured located on one side of the cesium atom vapor chamber, with the propagation direction of the signal to be measured perpendicular to the laser propagation direction within the cesium atom vapor chamber; Rydberg atoms are fabricated within the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the optical signal is received by the photodetector to acquire an electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected.

[0035] In one embodiment of the invention, the detection device includes a first dichroic mirror, a second dichroic mirror, a third dichroic mirror, and a light collector; the first dichroic mirror and the light collector are located at one end of the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the light collector is located on one side of the first dichroic mirror; the second dichroic mirror and the third dichroic mirror are located at the other end of the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the second dichroic mirror is located in front of the photodetector;

[0036] The preparation of Rydberg atoms involves three different wavelengths of laser light: probe light, decoration light, and coupling light.

[0037] The probe light passes through the first dichroic mirror and is incident parallel to the cesium atom vapor chamber. After passing through the cesium atom vapor chamber and the second dichroic mirror, it is received by the photodetector.

[0038] The decorative light and the coupling light pass through the third dichroic mirror, are then reflected by the second dichroic mirror, and enter the cesium atom vapor chamber to propagate in the opposite direction to the probe light. In the cesium atom vapor chamber, they form an atomic antenna detection area with the probe light, pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber, and are then received by the light collector through the first dichroic mirror.

[0039] In one embodiment of the invention, during the experiment, an electric arc lighter is used to simulate the generation of the signal to be tested.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: Rydberg atoms, as neutral particles and in a gaseous state, are difficult to be polarized by high voltage electrodes, and the all-optical detection ensures the safety of reading arc signals.

[0041] Exciting ground-state cesium atoms to Rydberg atoms using three-photon lasers involves more atomic energy levels. Multi-level path excitation can improve atomic excitation efficiency and avoid the use of higher-power lasers in the task of detecting electric arc signals.

[0042] This invention addresses the frequency domain characteristics of the frequency comb spectrum of high-voltage pulsed arc radio frequency signals. It optimizes the preprocessing of the signal before measurement by the Rydberg atomic antenna, specifically by obtaining a low-frequency beat frequency signal through the self-modulation phenomenon of the pulsed arc. Based on the principle of atomic superheterodyne, it avoids the use of an additional local oscillator microwave source, simplifying the use and operation of the equipment, and eliminating the need for an external local oscillator microwave field signal source. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cesium atom energy levels according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the self-excited boost circuit of the arc lighter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a time-domain waveform diagram of the electric arc signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6 The changes in the EIT spectral response before and after applying an electric arc signal at different distances are shown in this embodiment of the invention.

[0049] Figure 7 This is a frequency domain comparison diagram of the arc signals received by the metal passive antenna and the Rydberg atomic antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the vertical distance between the arc lighter and the Rydberg atomic antenna on the detection of the arc, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the nonlinear fitting of the arc signal intensity attenuation with distance in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 10 A system block diagram for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, comprising:

[0057] S10, Rydberg atoms prepared in a cesium atom vapor chamber, have their optical signals received by a photodetector to obtain an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is then used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum.

[0058] Please see Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the process of preparing the Rydberg atomic state uses four energy levels and three different wavelengths of laser light, including the ground state. First low-excited state Second low-excited state and Ridburg The system uses a probe light with a wavelength of 852 nm, a décor light with a wavelength of 1470 nm, and a coupling light with a wavelength of 780 nm. The probe light, décor light, and coupling light drive energy level steps, respectively. , , .

[0059] S20, the propagation direction of the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the laser propagation direction in the cesium atom vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the signal to be measured, and uses it as the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to be detected.

[0060] Please see Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a Rydberg atomic antenna detection region is formed in a cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the signal to be measured is detected through the Rydberg atomic antenna detection region. The technical principles for obtaining the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum and obtaining the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected are the same; the only difference is that when obtaining the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected, the formed Rydberg atomic antenna detection region is used to detect the signal to be measured. To keep the description concise, this embodiment uses the acquisition of the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected as an example.

[0061] In this embodiment, the probe light is uniformly split into two beams. The two identical 852nm laser beams are incident parallel to each other into the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, passing through the chamber and reaching the photodetector 20. One 852nm laser beam overlaps with the counter-propagating 1470nm and 780nm laser beams within the cesium atom vapor chamber 10. The radio frequency signal source emitting the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the laser propagation direction within the cesium atom vapor chamber 10. The other 852nm laser beam serves as a reference beam. By differentially amplifying the beam with the 852nm laser beam used to construct the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, common-mode signals are suppressed, reducing the noise floor of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to eliminate the Doppler broadening of the cesium atom absorption spectrum, a resonant transition is driven by locking the frequency of the probe light through the saturation absorption spectrum. The frequency of the embellished light was locked and resonant transitions were driven by locking the two-photon spectrum formed by the overlap of the probe light and the embellished light in the cesium atom vapor chamber (10). Finally, the coupling light and energy level transitions are scanned. Disharmony Then, the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum or electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum to be detected is obtained.

[0063] In one embodiment of the invention, the probe light and reference light propagate in parallel through a 7 cm long cesium atom vapor chamber 10, wherein the probe light overlaps with the counter-propagating coupling light and embellishment light to form the Rydberg atom antenna detection region. Ground-state cesium atoms move to the overlapping region of the three laser beams and interact with them, becoming excited into Rydberg atoms. The probe light transmission is enhanced, and we obtain the electromagnetically induced transparent spectral signal of the Rydberg atoms.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, if the signal under test has partial discharge, the frequency comb spectrum of the signal under test is utilized during detection to spontaneously generate a beat frequency signal; and the beat frequency signal is detected by Rydberg atoms. Traditional Rydberg atom frequency measurement schemes require the local oscillator signal to beat with the signal under test to achieve frequency measurement. However, in this embodiment, the frequency comb spectrum of the partial discharge signal is utilized to spontaneously generate a beat frequency signal, enabling the measurement of the arc signal spectrum without a local oscillator field, thus eliminating the local oscillator microwave component.

[0065] S30. Compare the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum. If there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that there is partial discharge in the signal to be detected. If there is no signal peak, it indicates that there is no partial discharge in the signal to be detected.

[0066] Please see Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the detection principle of this method will be explained below:

[0067] An electric arc is a phenomenon where a gas is ionized into plasma by an excessively strong electric field, generating an electric current. The arc discharge in an arc lighter is driven by its own battery voltage, and the resulting arc can be approximated as a cylindrical cloud of high-temperature plasma. The constantly changing current generated by the arc radiates electromagnetic waves, and the intensity of this radiation is related to the rate of change of the current. For a point arc with a very short arc length, the radiated electric field intensity... The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0068] ;

[0069] In the formula, Expressed as vacuum permittivity, Represented as the speed of light, Represented as time, It is represented as current. The electromagnetic radiation frequency components of an electric arc are concentrated in the range of tens of MHz, and the characteristic frequency is usually independent of the amplitude of the arc current. This provides a basis for determining the presence of an electric arc based on the characteristic frequency of the arc.

[0070] In this embodiment, a commercially available arc lighter is used to simulate the generation of a faulty arc. The core structure of the arc lighter is a self-excited boost circuit, the principle of which is as follows: Figure 4 As shown. Figure 5(a) indicates that the arc signal of the arc lighter is a pulse uniformly distributed in the time domain, with a time interval of 30 μs between two adjacent pulses. The pulses of intensities α and β correspond to the process of two high-voltage electrodes alternately discharging to emit radio frequency signals. Figure 5 (b) shows the waveform of a single pulse, visually illustrating the single discharge process of the self-excited boost circuit above. The large peak corresponds to the conduction and cutoff process of the transistor, while the small peak corresponds to the oscillation of the residual induced electromotive force in the circuit after the transistor is cut off.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present invention, a Rydberg atom refers to an atom with highly excited-state electrons (a large principal quantum number n) and a large orbital radius (proportional to n). 2 It has a very long lifespan (proportional to n). 3 A very large polarizability (proportional to n) 7 The arc signal is sensitive to external electric fields. Its frequency is on the order of MHz, much smaller than the transition frequency between Rydberg atomic levels. The interaction between the arc signal and the Rydberg atoms is a non-resonant coupling. Through the AC Stark effect, the measurement of the radio frequency electric field can be transferred to the frequency measurement of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum.

[0072] Please see Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this invention also analyzes the vertical distance between the detection device and the signal to be measured, with the aim of determining the maximum distance between the detection device and the signal to be measured in actual use. Specifically:

[0073] After placing the simulated partial discharge signal propagation direction perpendicular to the laser propagation direction in the cesium atom vapor chamber, the vertical distance between the partial discharge signal and the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber is changed from small to large. The photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the partial discharge signal until the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum can no longer display the partial discharge signal.

[0074] The distance at which electromagnetically induced transparent spectroscopy fails to display partial discharge signals is taken as the farthest vertical distance between the signal under test and the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber.

[0075] In this embodiment, the arc signal is measured using three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency in the cesium atom vapor chamber 10. Ground-state Cs atoms move to the overlapping region of the three laser beams and interact with them, becoming excited into Rydberg atoms. Enhanced probe light transmission allows us to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectral signal of the Rydberg atoms. By varying the vertical distance R between the lighter arc and the overlapping region of the three laser beams in the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, from small to large until the Rydberg atom antenna can no longer detect the arc signal, we obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectral response and frequency domain data at different distances from R=1 to 8 cm, as shown in [reference needed]. Figure 6 As shown.

[0076] Meanwhile, this embodiment also uses a traditional metal passive antenna to receive arc signals as a control to verify the reliability of the Rydberg atomic antenna in detecting radio frequency signals.

[0077] In this embodiment, the three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum of the Cs atom system can be described by the Lambert-Beer law. The probe light passes through the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, and the transmission process satisfies the following formula:

[0078] ;

[0079] ;

[0080] ;

[0081] In the formula, This is expressed as the intensity of light detected after passing through a cesium atom vapor chamber. This represents the light intensity before it enters the cesium atom vapor chamber. Represented as the probe light wave vector, Represented as the imaginary part, It is expressed as the complex magnetic susceptibility after taking the Doppler effect into account. This is expressed as the length of the cesium atom vapor chamber. Expressed as the most probable velocity of an atom, Represented as energy level The transition dipole moment matrix elements, Expressed as atomic density, Expressed as atomic velocity, Expressed as the reduced Planck constant, This is expressed as the Rabi frequency of the probe light. Represented as density matrix elements, Expressed as Boltzmann constant, Expressed as atomic temperature, Expressed as atomic mass. The steady-state solution of the density matrix needs to be obtained through numerical calculation.

[0082] In this embodiment, based on the time-domain data of the arc signal Figure 5 (a) By using an approximation method that ignores the noise floor, the mathematical form of the electric field of the radio frequency signal can be abstracted, using a Dirac comb-like function. To describe, in the form of:

[0083] ;

[0084] In the formula, Represented as the first The intensity of each pulse, Represented as the delta function, This is represented by a pulse interval of 30 µs. When an external radio frequency (RF) signal is applied, the Rydberg atoms sense the electric field component of the RF signal. Due to the alternating Stark effect, the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum shifts overall. At this point, the coupled light becomes detuned. The expression is as follows:

[0085] ;

[0086] ;

[0087] In the formula, This is expressed as polarizability. When receiving an arc signal, if the fixed coupled optical detuning occurs (e.g., ... In the case of EIT, the frequency domain distribution of the spectrum is theoretically the same as that of the arc signal, but there is a difference in amplitude.

[0088] In this embodiment, the radio frequency signal generated during the discharge of an arc lighter is first detected directly using the EIT spectrum of Cs atoms. The results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the gray curve R=∞ represents the Cs atom three-photon EIT spectrum when no external radio frequency signal is actively applied; the colored curves R=1~8cm represent the Cs atom three-photon EIT spectra when an arc signal is applied at different perpendicular distances between the arc signal and the atomic antenna. At the same distance, the system exhibits detuning... The area is most sensitive to arc signals; detuning The larger the distance, the weaker the system's response to the arc signal. A comparison of the EIT spectrum before and after applying the arc signal shows that the Rydberg atomic system has a significant response to the radio frequency signal generated by the arc lighter; the system response decays rapidly with increasing distance.

[0089] In this embodiment, in order to obtain clearer information about the arc signal, the present invention focuses on the EIT spectral peak ( The frequency domain data of the arc signal was obtained by unfolding the antenna and compared with the results of a traditional passive metal antenna. Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7 (a) shows the frequency domain data of the electric arc signal measured by the passive metallic antenna. The gray line represents the background electromagnetic spectrum of the laboratory; the blue line represents the spectrum of the electric arc signal. The peaks of the electric arc signal are uniformly distributed in the frequency domain, with an average frequency interval of Δf = 16.84 kHz. Two types of peaks with different intensities can be distinguished, which is consistent with... Figure 5 The result of (a) matches. Figure 7 (a) shows the results for the arc signal within the frequency domain of 2 MHz. In fact, within the frequency domain of 40 MHz, the arc signal is also uniformly distributed, and the signal strength decreases to the point of being unobservable as the frequency increases. Figure 7(b) shows the frequency domain data of the arc signal measured by the Rydberg atomic antenna. The gray line represents the background electromagnetic spectrum of the laboratory; the red line represents the spectrum of the arc signal. The arc signal peaks are also uniformly distributed in the frequency domain, with an average frequency interval ΔF = 16.86 kHz ≈ Δf, and two types of peak intensities can be distinguished. The intensity of the arc signal decreases rapidly with increasing frequency, which is related to the instantaneous bandwidth of the Rydberg atomic system. For both measurement systems, we subtract the noise floor of the arc signal to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio, such as... Figure 7 As shown in (c), the vertical distance between the arc signal source and the antenna is 1 cm in both measurement methods. The two sets of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data for the arc signal peaks almost completely overlap in the frequency domain within 2 MHz. The SNR of the arc signal measured by the Rydberg atomic antenna is generally better than that of the traditional antenna in the low-frequency range of 0–250 kHz, and meets the requirement of SNR ≥ 10 across the entire experimental measurement frequency range. The experimental results show that the Rydberg atomic antenna can directly measure the arc signal and obtain its frequency domain information, but the maximum frequency measurement range is limited by the system's sensitivity and instantaneous bandwidth.

[0090] In this embodiment, the present invention then quantitatively investigated the effect of the vertical distance between the arc lighter and the Rydberg atomic antenna on the detection of the arc. The vertical distance was controlled to vary from small to large, ranging from 1 cm to 8 cm, and the results are as follows... Figure 8 As shown, the vertical distance between the control signal source and the Rydberg atomic antenna during the measurement process ranges from 1 to 8 cm, with a step size of 1 cm. Only the arc signal frequency domain diagrams for R=2, 3, 5, and 8 cm are displayed here. The arc signal intensity decreases with increasing distance, but the frequency characteristics remain clearly discernible. At a distance of 8 cm, the arc signal intensity approaches the noise floor, with the maximum resolvable signal frequency at 269 kHz. Theoretically, the Rydberg atomic antenna has a greater detection range for arcs with higher power. Theoretically, the power of an electromagnetic wave propagating in space is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. This invention selects data at different distances and a frequency of 269 kHz for fitting, and the fitting function is... ,like Figure 9 As shown, the black dots represent the average value of multiple measurements in the experiment, and the error bars represent the standard deviation; the red solid line represents the fitting function. P Represents power, R Represents distance, a , b , c The fitting parameters are represented by the chi-square test for goodness of fit. The reduced chi-square value is 1.388 (very close to 1), and the coefficient of determination is 0.982 (very close to 1). The fitting results show that the relationship between the detected arc signal power and distance can be described by this fitting function, and it is in agreement with the theory. This indicates that the distance of the arc can be determined based on the intensity of the detected arc signal.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] Please see Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention also provides a system for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, which, when performing the method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms as described in Example 1, includes:

[0093] EIT background module 100 is used to prepare Rydberg atoms in a cesium atom vapor chamber. The optical signal is received by a photodetector to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is then used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum.

[0094] The EIT module 200 to be detected is used to place the propagation direction of the signal to be detected perpendicular to the laser propagation direction in the cesium atom vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the signal to be detected, and uses it as the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to be detected.

[0095] The partial discharge judgment module 300 is used to compare the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum. If there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that there is partial discharge in the signal to be tested. If there is no signal peak, it indicates that there is no partial discharge in the signal to be tested.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] Please see Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention also provides a detection device applied to the method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms as described in Example 1, comprising: a cesium atom vapor chamber 10 and a photodetector 20. A device 50 for emitting a signal to be measured is located on one side of the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, and the propagation direction of the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the laser propagation direction within the cesium atom vapor chamber 10. Rydberg atoms fabricated within the cesium atom vapor chamber 10 emit light signals, which are received by the photodetector 20 to acquire either an electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or a spectrum of electromagnetically induced transparent atoms to be detected.

[0098] In one embodiment of the present invention, the detection device includes a first dichroic mirror 31, a second dichroic mirror 32, a third dichroic mirror 33, and a light collector 40. The first dichroic mirror 31 and the light collector 40 are located at one end of the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, with the light collector 40 located to one side of the first dichroic mirror 31. The second dichroic mirror 32 and the third dichroic mirror 33 are located at the other end of the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, with the second dichroic mirror 32 located in front of the photodetector 20.

[0099] In this embodiment, the preparation of Rydberg atoms involves three different wavelengths of laser light: a probe light, a décor light, and a coupling light. The probe light, after passing through the first dichroic mirror 31, is incident parallel to the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, and after passing through the cesium atom vapor chamber 10 and the second dichroic mirror 32, is received by the photodetector 20. The décor light and the coupling light, after passing through the third dichroic mirror 33 and then reflected by the second dichroic mirror 32, propagate in the opposite direction to the probe light within the cesium atom vapor chamber 10. Within the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, they form an atomic antenna detection area with the probe light, then pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, and are received by the light collector 40 after passing through the first dichroic mirror 31. In this embodiment, an electric arc lighter is used to simulate the generation of the signal to be measured during the experiment.

[0100] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0101] The above embodiments are merely examples of implementation methods of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of detecting partial discharge signals by Rydberg atoms, characterized in that, include: In the cesium atom vapor chamber, the light signal of Rydberg atoms is received by a photodetector to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is then used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum. The propagation direction of the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the signal to be measured, and uses it as the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to be detected. By comparing the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum, if there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that there is partial discharge in the signal to be detected; if there is no signal peak, it indicates that there is no partial discharge in the signal to be detected. Furthermore, if there is partial discharge in the signal to be detected, the local signal is a pulse that is uniformly distributed in the time domain. During detection, the frequency comb spectrum is presented by the spectral characteristics of the signal to be detected, and a beat frequency signal is spontaneously formed. And allow the beat frequency signal to be detected by the Rydberg atom; The preparation of Rydberg atoms includes: ground state First low-excited state Second low-excited state and Ridburg And different wavelengths of probe light, embellishment light and coupling light; The probe light, embellishment light, and coupling light coincide and pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber, forming a Rydberg atom antenna detection region within the cesium atom vapor chamber. The signal to be measured is detected through this Rydberg atom antenna detection region: the probe light is incident parallel to the cesium atom vapor chamber and passes through it, where it is received by a photodetector; the embellishment light and coupling light are incident on the cesium atom vapor chamber, with their propagation directions opposite to those of the probe light; the probe light, embellishment light, and coupling light together form the Rydberg atom antenna detection region within the cesium atom vapor chamber. When acquiring the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum or electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum to be detected, including Resonant transitions are driven by locking the frequency of the probe light using the saturable absorption spectrum. By locking the frequency of the saturated light through the two-photon spectrum formed by the overlap of the probe light and the saturated light in the cesium atom vapor chamber, resonant transitions are driven. Then, by scanning the coupled light and energy level transitions... Disharmony Then, the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum or electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum to be detected is obtained.

2. The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe light is evenly split into two beams that pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber and reach the photodetector. One beam serves as the probe light to participate in the construction of the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected, while the other beam serves as the reference light. After being detected by the photodetector, the two beams are differentially amplified to suppress the common-mode signal.

3. The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, When acquiring the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum of the target signal, the farthest perpendicular distance between the target signal and the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber is determined by the following method: After placing the simulated partial discharge signal propagation direction perpendicular to the laser propagation direction in the cesium atom vapor chamber, the vertical distance between the partial discharge signal and the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber is changed from small to large. The photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the partial discharge signal until the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum can no longer display the partial discharge signal. The distance at which electromagnetically induced transparent spectroscopy fails to display partial discharge signals is taken as the farthest vertical distance between the signal under test and the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber.

4. A system for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, characterized in that, The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms as described in any one of claims 1-3 includes: The EIT background module is used to prepare Rydberg atoms in a cesium atom vapor chamber. The optical signal is received by a photodetector to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is then used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum. The EIT module to be tested is used to place the propagation direction of the signal to be tested perpendicular to the laser propagation direction in the cesium atom vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum under the influence of the signal to be tested, and uses it as the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to be tested. The partial discharge detection module is used to compare the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum. If a signal peak is present in the spectrum, it indicates that the signal to be tested has partial discharge; if no signal peak is present, it indicates that the signal to be tested does not have partial discharge.

5. A detection device, characterized in that, The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to any one of claims 1-3 includes: a cesium atom vapor chamber and a photodetector; and a device for emitting a signal to be measured is located on one side of the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the propagation direction of the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the laser propagation direction inside the cesium atom vapor chamber; Rydberg atoms are fabricated in the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the optical signal is received by the photodetector to obtain an electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected.

6. The detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The detection device includes a first dichroic mirror, a second dichroic mirror, a third dichroic mirror, and a light collector; the first dichroic mirror and the light collector are located at one end of the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the light collector is located on one side of the first dichroic mirror; the second dichroic mirror and the third dichroic mirror are located at the other end of the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the second dichroic mirror is located in front of the photodetector; The preparation of Rydberg atoms involves three different wavelengths of laser light: probe light, decoration light, and coupling light. The probe light passes through the first dichroic mirror and is incident parallel to the cesium atom vapor chamber. After passing through the cesium atom vapor chamber and the second dichroic mirror, it is received by the photodetector. The decorative light and the coupling light pass through the third dichroic mirror, are then reflected by the second dichroic mirror, and enter the cesium atom vapor chamber to propagate in the opposite direction to the probe light. In the cesium atom vapor chamber, they form an atomic antenna detection area with the probe light, pass through the cesium atom vapor chamber, and are then received by the light collector through the first dichroic mirror.

Images