Selection of adaptive beam weights for hybrid beamforming at millimeter waves and hyper-frequencies

Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for wireless communication by a wireless device. The method generally includes determining a classification of electric field behavior of one or more antenna elements of the wireless device. The method generally includes selecting, based on the classification, between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using the one or more antenna elements.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. patent application serial number 17 / 804,431, filed May 27, 2022, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Background Art Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for beamforming and beam weight selection in a hybrid beamforming system.

[0004] Related technologies

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available wireless communication system resources with the multiple users.

[0006] Despite the tremendous technological advancements in wireless communication systems over the years, challenges remain. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Consequently, there is a continuing desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communication systems, including, for example, improving the speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving the efficiency of shared communication media usage, reducing the power used by transmitters and receivers when performing communications, improving the reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmission and / or reception and related processing, improving the coverage area of ​​wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communication systems, increasing the ability of different types of devices to communicate with each other, and increasing the number and types of wireless communication media available for use. Consequently, there is a need for further improvements in wireless communication systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Wireless communication networks can use beamforming. Beamforming can use a static codebook stored in the UE's memory. The codebook includes a set of available antenna elements and beam weights for beam steering. The beam weights may correspond to phase and amplitude weights applied to the antenna elements. The selection of beam weights may be adaptive.

[0008] In this phase-only control scheme, the phase value can be dynamically selected, but the amplitude values ​​can all be the same. In a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme, in addition to the phase shifter, the antenna elements are controlled by a variable gain amplifier (VGA), and the amplifier value can be selected from a table (e.g., a lookup table (LUT)) that includes a set of uniform or non-uniform quantized amplitude values. There can be a trade-off between complexity and gain between different beam weight control schemes.

[0009] Therefore, techniques are desired for a device to dynamically select between beam weight control schemes for adaptive beam weight selection. In some examples, the device dynamically selects between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme. The device may dynamically select the beam weight control scheme based on the relative gains achieved by the beam weight control schemes. The device may further dynamically select the beam weight control scheme based on the usage and / or capabilities of the device.

[0010] One aspect provides a method for wireless communication by a wireless device. The method generally includes determining a classification of electric field behavior of one or more antenna elements of the wireless device. The method generally includes selecting between a phase-only adaptive beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude adaptive beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using the one or more antenna elements based on the classification.

[0011] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communication by a wireless device. The method generally includes communicating beam weight control scheme assistance information for a user equipment (UE). The method generally includes obtaining an indication of a phase-only beam weight control scheme or a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme selected by the UE for hybrid beamforming using one or more antenna elements of the UE.

[0012] Other aspects provide: an apparatus operable to, configured to, or otherwise adapted to perform the aforementioned method and those described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of the apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned method and those described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the aforementioned method and those described elsewhere herein; and an apparatus comprising means for performing the aforementioned method and those described elsewhere herein. By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device having a processing system, or processing systems cooperating through one or more networks.

[0013] For purposes of illustration, the following description and drawings set forth certain features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The accompanying drawings depict certain features of the aspects described herein and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosure.

[0015] Figure 1 An example wireless communication network is depicted.

[0016] Figure 2 An example disaggregated base station architecture is depicted.

[0017] Figure 3 Aspects of an example base station (BS) and an example user equipment (UE) are depicted.

[0018] Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D Various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communication network are described.

[0019] Figure 5 is a table illustrating example differences in gain from a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.

[0020] Figure 6 A process flow for communication in a network between a first device, a second device, and an object is depicted.

[0021] Figure 7 A method for wireless communication is described.

[0022] Figure 8 Another method for wireless communication is described.

[0023] Figure 9 Aspects of an example communication device are depicted.

[0024] Figure 10 Aspects of another example communications device are depicted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable media for dynamic selection of beam weights.

[0026] As discussed above, wireless communication networks can use beamforming. For example, beamforming can be used in wireless communication networks operating in radio frequency (RF) bands in the sub-6 GHz range (FR1) or in the millimeter wave (mmWave) range (FR2) to compensate for path loss and improve coverage. There is increasing focus on wireless communications in the upper mmWave range and sub-terahertz range, including frequencies between 52.6 GHz and 114.25 GHz (e.g., FR4).

[0027] Unlike traditional antennas that transmit and receive only in a fixed radiation pattern, beamforming antennas can be adapted to dynamically shape the direction of their main beam and the direction of their null beam. When multiple antenna elements are mounted in a line along a shared reflector, the result is a flat panel antenna with a linear array. Phased array antennas apply phase control (or time delay) and / or amplitude control at each radiating element so that its beam can be shaped and scanned to different directions in space. By controlling the phase and amplitude of the RF signal fed to the antenna elements, the array factor and the overall radiation pattern can be dynamically shaped. The array factor is a function of the antenna position in the array and the weights used. Therefore, by tuning the phase shifters to the antenna elements, the radiation pattern shape and direction can be controlled.

[0028] Beamforming enables directional signal transmission and reception through amplitude and phase variations in a beamforming system, as well as power variations. Beamforming effectively reduces interference, improves the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), and provides a significantly better end-user experience.

[0029] Beamforming techniques include analog beamforming, digital beamforming, and hybrid beamforming that uses directional beams to direct energy in a specific direction in beam space.

[0030] Analog beamforming uses a single, common radio frequency (RF) chain split across multiple antenna elements. The beam is steered by adjusting analog phase shifters along the RF path. In analog beamforming, amplitude / phase changes are applied to the analog signal at the transmitter. At the receiver, the signals from the different antennas are summed before analog-to-digital conversion.

[0031] In digital beamforming, each antenna has a dedicated RF signal and path. In digital beamforming, the signal is modulated by a set of pre-coded weights, propagated through the channel, and recovered by a set of combining weights. Phase and amplitude are digitally controlled through baseband processing. After analog-to-digital conversion at the transmitter, amplitude / phase changes are applied to the digital signal. At the receiver, the received signals from the antennas are first passed through an ADC and a digital downconverter before being summed. Digital beamforming provides more beam steering than analog beamforming; however, it suffers from higher power consumption and signaling overhead.

[0032] Hybrid beamforming combines aspects of analog and digital beamforming. Precoding is applied in both the analog and digital domains. In a hybrid beamforming system, both precoding weights and combining weights are a combination of baseband digital weights and analog weights at the RF. The baseband digital weights convert the incoming data stream into an input signal at each RF chain, and the analog weights then convert the signal at each RF chain into a signal that is radiated or collected at each antenna element.

[0033] Beamforming can use a static codebook stored in memory at a UE (e.g., such as UE 104) and a base station (e.g., such as BS 102). The codebook may include a set of available antenna elements and beam weights for beam steering. The beam weights may correspond to phase weights and amplitude weights applied to the antenna elements. Using the static codebook, the beam weights are designed a priori. To select a beam, the wireless device may direct the beam in different directions from the static codebook to find the direction that provides the strongest signal strength on both the UE and base station sides.

[0034] According to certain aspects, the selection of beam weights can be adaptive. With adaptive beam weight selection, beam weights can be learned dynamically on the fly. Adaptive beam weight selection can use codebooks that are much larger than static codebooks, and such codebooks cannot typically be easily stored in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) memory.

[0035] Adaptive beam weight selection can be useful because the communication environment can also be dynamic. For example, objects in the system may enter or leave the environment over time due to mobility. Furthermore, devices can be mobile, and the environment changes as they move. In channel modeling terms, objects in a wireless communication system can be referred to as clusters, and a channel can include multiple viable clusters with good signal strength. Clusters can include reflectors, glass objects, metal objects, scatterers, or other materials at millimeter wave and supercarrier frequencies. The spectral response from a cluster can correspond to a radiation pattern. A radiation pattern includes lobes where the radiated signal strength reaches a maximum. The spectral response can include a main lobe and one or more sidelobes. Sidelobes are local maxima in the far-field radiation pattern of radiating sources other than the main lobe. Sidelobes can represent unwanted radiation in undesired directions, which can cause interference to other users in those directions. There can be a trade-off between gain and sidelobes. It may be desirable to increase the gain of the main radiation lobe while reducing the size of the sidelobes.

[0036] Adaptive selection of beam weights may be used for wide angular expansion within a cluster, multi-beam beam steering across multiple lobes across multiple clusters, sidelobe control, and / or avoiding blockages of RF signals, such as by hands, UE housing materials, or other materials.

[0037] Adaptive beam weights can be selected based on different beam weight control schemes. The beam can be steered to any angle (0° to 360°). In the phase-only beam weight control scheme, the antenna elements are controlled by B phase shifters. The range from 0° to 360° can be divided into 2 BIn a phase-only control scheme, the phase value can be dynamically selected, but the amplitude values ​​can all be the same. In a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme, in addition to the phase shifter, the antenna elements are controlled by a variable gain amplifier (VGA). The amplifier value can be selected from a table (e.g., a lookup table (LUT)) that includes a set of uniformly or non-uniformly quantized amplitude values.

[0038] There may be a trade-off between complexity and gain between different beam weight control schemes. For example, a phase-only beam weight control scheme may be relatively simple, while a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme is more complex but provides more gain than a phase-only beam weight control scheme.

[0039] Some devices may have better hardware capabilities (e.g., range, accuracy, resolution capability, RFIC memory) and / or software capabilities for implementing phase and amplitude beam weight control schemes than other UEs with less capabilities. Furthermore, certain use cases may have greater demand for the higher gain provided by phase and amplitude beam weight control schemes, such as due to the desire for higher data rates, timing requirements (e.g., backoff time required for beam updates on the bus from the modem to the RFIC), etc.

[0040] Therefore, it is desirable to provide a device (e.g., a UE) with a technique for dynamically selecting between beam weight control schemes for adaptive beam weight selection. In some examples, the device dynamically selects between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme. The device may dynamically select the beam weight control scheme based on the relative gain achieved by the beam weight control scheme. The device may further dynamically select the beam weight control scheme based on the usage and / or capabilities of the device.

[0041] According to certain aspects, a device dynamically selects a beam weight control scheme based on sensing of materials surrounding the device. In some examples, the device measures spectral responses from materials surrounding the device (e.g., within close range). The device may classify the measured spectral responses. Based on the classification of the spectral responses, the device may determine corresponding expected gains achieved by using different beam weight control schemes for adaptive beam weight selection.

[0042] The device may select a beam weight control scheme based on relative gain. In some examples, the device determines the difference between the expected gain amounts achieved by different beam weight control schemes, compares the difference to a threshold (e.g., a performance gap threshold), and dynamically selects a beam weight control scheme based on whether the difference exceeds the threshold. The selection may also be based on the capabilities of the device, the type of transmission for which the beam is selected, and / or one or more capabilities of the device.

[0043] According to certain aspects, a device signals the selected beam weight steering scheme to another device (eg, a BS).

[0044] Dynamic selection of beam weight control schemes may allow a device to balance the costs and gains of various beam weight control schemes. For example, a UE may determine whether to select a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme or select (or filter) a phase-only beam weight control scheme based on whether the difference in gain achieved using a more complex phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme is sufficiently greater than the gain achieved using a simpler phase-only beam weight control scheme. The UE may also consider the UE's capabilities and use case scenarios (e.g., whether the UE is stationary or mobile, the type of communication the UE is configured to perform) when determining whether the difference in gain achieved (e.g., a performance gap threshold) is sufficient to select a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.

[0045] Introduction to wireless communication networks

[0046] The techniques and methods described herein can be used in various wireless communication networks. Although various aspects may be described herein using terms generally associated with 3G, 4G and / or 5G wireless technologies, various aspects of the present disclosure may also be applicable to other communication systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0047] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication network 100 is depicted in which various aspects described herein may be implemented.

[0048] In general, the wireless communication network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes). A network entity is typically a communication device and / or a communication function performed by a communication device (e.g., user equipment (UE), base station (BS), a component of a BS, a server, etc.). For example, various functions of a network and various devices associated with and interacting with the network can be considered network entities. In addition, the wireless communication network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BS 102), and non-terrestrial aspects, such as satellites 140 and aircraft 145, which may include airborne network entities (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., ground BSs) and user equipment.

[0049] In the depicted example, the wireless communication network 100 includes a BS 102, a UE 104, and one or more core networks (such as an evolved packet core (EPC) 160 and a 5G core (5GC) network 190) that interoperate to provide communication services over various communication links (including wired and wireless links).

[0050] Figure 1Various example UEs 104 are depicted, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, a smartphone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player, a camera, a game console, a tablet computer, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an always-on (AON) device, an edge processing device, or other similar devices. A UE 104 may also be more generally referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.

[0051] BS 102 wirelessly communicates with (e.g., transmits signals to or receives signals from) UE 104 via communication link 120. Communication link 120 between BS 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as a reverse link) transmissions from UE 104 to BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as a forward link) transmissions from BS 102 to UE 104. In various aspects, communication link 120 may utilize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity.

[0052] BS 102 may generally include: a Node B, an enhanced Node B (eNB), a next generation enhanced Node B (ng-eNB), a next generation Node B (gNB or gNodeB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, transceiver functionality, a transmit / receive point, and / or the like. Each of BS 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., a small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of a macro cell). For example, a BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell (covering a relatively large geographic area), a pico cell (covering a relatively small geographic area, such as a stadium), a femto cell (covering a relatively small geographic area, such as a home), and / or other types of cells.

[0053] Although BS102 is depicted in various aspects as a single communication device, BS102 can be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of the base station may be decomposed, including a central unit (CU), one or more distributed units (DUs), one or more radio units (RUs), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of the base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS102) may include components located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples where the base station includes components located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform a function such that the various components collectively implement functionality similar to that of a base station located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components located at various physical locations may be referred to as a decomposed radio access network architecture (such as an open RAN (O-RAN) or virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture). Figure 2 An example decomposed base station architecture is depicted and described.

[0054] Different BSs 102 within the wireless communication network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies (such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G). For example, a BS 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., an S1 interface). A BS 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with the 5GC 190 via a second backhaul link 184. The BSs 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or the 5GC 190) over a third backhaul link 134 (e.g., an X2 interface), which may be wired or wireless.

[0055] The wireless communication network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various categories, frequency bands, channels, or other characteristics. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, subcarrier, channel, tone, or subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz-7125 MHz, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as "sub-6 GHz." Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24,250 MHz-52,600 MHz, which is sometimes (interchangeably) referred to as "millimeter wave" ("mmW" or "mmWave"). A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.

[0056] The communication link 120 between the BS 102 and, for example, the UE 104 may be over one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, and / or other MHz) and may be aggregated in various ways. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​compared to UL).

[0057] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and shorter range than communications at lower frequencies. Therefore, some base stations (e.g. Figure 1 180) may utilize beamforming 182 with UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit beamformed signals to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182′. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182″. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals to BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182″. BS 180 may also receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182′. BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine optimal receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit direction and receive direction of BS 180 may be the same or different. Similarly, the transmit direction and receive direction of UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0058] Wireless communication network 100 also includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in, for example, the 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum.

[0059] Some of the UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0060] The EPC 160 may include various functional components, including a mobility management entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a serving gateway 166, a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) gateway 168, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a packet data network (PDN) gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. The MME 162 may communicate with a home subscriber server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.

[0061] Typically, user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through the Serving Gateway 166, which is itself connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), packet-switched (PS) streaming services, and / or other IP services.

[0062] BM-SC 170 may provide functionality for configuring and delivering MBMS user services. BM-SC 170 may serve as the entry point for content providers' MBMS delivery, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and / or may be used to schedule MBMS delivery. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS services to BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a specific service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting eMBMS-related charging information.

[0063] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: access and mobility management function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, session management function (SMF) 194, and user plane function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may communicate with unified data management (UDM) 196.

[0064] AMF 192 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, Quality of Service (QoS) flow and session management.

[0065] Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through UPF 195, which connects to IP Services 197 and provides IP address allocation for UEs and other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, Intranet, IMS, PS streaming services, and / or other IP services.

[0066] In various aspects, a network entity or network node may be implemented as a converged base station, a decomposed base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.

[0067] Figure 2 An example disaggregated base station 200 architecture is depicted. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that may communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 205, or both. The CUs 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 240.

[0068] Each of the units (e.g., CU 210, DU 230, RU 240, and near-RT RIC 225, non-RT RIC 215, and SMO framework 205) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of the unit, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, a unit may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally or alternatively, a unit may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, to one or more of the other units over a wireless transmission medium.

[0069] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, the CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 210 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 230 for network control and signaling.

[0070] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) based at least in part on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more lower PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230 or with control functions hosted by the CU 210.

[0071] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, a RU 240 controlled by a DU 230 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functionality or low PHY layer functionality (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 240 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 230 and CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0072] The SMO framework 205 can be configured to support RAN deployment and configuration of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 205 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 205 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, the CU 210, DU 230, RU 240, and near-RT RIC 225. In some implementations, the SMO framework 205 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 211) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 240 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 205 may also include a non-RT RIC 215 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 205 .

[0073] The non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 225. The non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 225 (e.g., via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and actions over an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 225.

[0074] In some implementations, the non-RT RIC 215 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 225. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 225 and can be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 205 or the non-RT RIC 215. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 215 or the near-RT RIC 225 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 215 can monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 205 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0075] Figure 3 Aspects of an example BS 102 and UE 104 are depicted.

[0076] In general, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 320, 330, 338, and 340), antennas 334a-334t (collectively 334), transceivers 332a-332t (collectively 332) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 339). For example, BS 102 can transmit and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes a controller / processor 340 that can be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communication.

[0077] In general, the UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, and 380), antennas 352a-352r (collectively 352), transceivers 354a-354r (collectively 354) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from a data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to a data sink 360). The UE 104 includes a controller / processor 380 that can be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.

[0078] Regarding example downlink transmissions, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that can receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information can be for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), and / or other. In some examples, the data can be for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0079] The transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0080] The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols, as applicable, and may provide an output symbol stream to a modulator (MOD) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a corresponding output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and frequency upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via antennas 334a-334t, respectively.

[0081] To receive downlink transmissions, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that can receive downlink signals from BS 102 and provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a corresponding received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator can further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.

[0082] A MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.

[0083] Regarding example uplink transmissions, the UE 104 also includes a transmit processor 364 that can receive and process data from a data source 362 (e.g., for a PUSCH) and control information from a controller / processor 380 (e.g., for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 364 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)). The symbols from the transmit processor 364 can be pre-decoded by a TX MIMO processor 366, if applicable, further processed by a modulator in the transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM), and transmitted to the BS 102.

[0084] At BS 102, uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334 a-334 t, processed by demodulators in transceivers 332 a-332 t, detected by MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide decoded data to a data sink 339 and decoded control information to a controller / processor 340.

[0085] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.

[0086] A scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0087] In various aspects, the BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, "transmitting" may refer to various mechanisms for outputting data, such as from a data source 312, a scheduler 344, a memory 342, a transmit processor 320, a controller / processor 340, a TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-332t, antennas 334a-334t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, "receiving" may refer to various mechanisms for obtaining data, such as from antennas 334a-334t, transceivers 332a-332t, an RX MIMO detector 336, a controller / processor 340, a receive processor 338, a scheduler 344, a memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.

[0088] In various aspects, the UE 104 may also be described as sending and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, "sending" may refer to various mechanisms for outputting data, such as from a data source 362, memory 382, ​​a transmit processor 364, a controller / processor 380, a TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-354t, antennas 352a-352t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, "receiving" may refer to various mechanisms for obtaining data, such as from antennas 352a-352t, transceivers 354a-354t, an RX MIMO detector 356, a controller / processor 380, a receive processor 358, memory 382, ​​and / or other aspects described herein.

[0089] In some aspects, the processor may be configured to perform various operations (such as those associated with the methods described herein) and send (output) data to or receive (obtain) data from another interface configured to send or receive data, respectively.

[0090] Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D Describes a method for use in wireless communication networks such as Figure 1 Various aspects of the data structure of the wireless communication network 100).

[0091] Specifically, Figure 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, Figure 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of a DL channel within a 5G subframe, Figure 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and Figure 4D FIG480 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.

[0092] Wireless communication systems can utilize Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with a Cyclic Prefix (CP) on both the uplink and downlink. Such systems can also support half-duplex operation using Time Division Duplex (TDD). OFDM and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) can be used to maximize the system bandwidth (e.g., Figure 4B and Figure 4D The 10-bit RF spectrum is divided into multiple orthogonal subcarriers (as depicted in FIG). Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Modulation symbols can be transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and / or in the time domain using SC-FDM.

[0093] The wireless communication frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to either DL or UL. The wireless communication frame structure may also be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL.

[0094] exist Figure 4A and Figure 4C In the embodiment of the present invention, the wireless communication frame structure is TDD, where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexibly used between DL / UL. The UE can be configured with a time slot format (dynamically configured by DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through the received time slot format indicator (SFI). In the depicted example, the 10ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot format. The subframe may also include micro slots, which typically have fewer symbols than a full time slot. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0095] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and parameter set. For example, for slot configuration 0, different parameter sets (μ) 0 through 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different parameter sets 0 through 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Thus, for slot configuration 0 and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2μ slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the parameter set. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2 μ × 15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 5. Thus, parameter set μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, and parameter set μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480kHz. Symbol length / duration is inversely related to subcarrier spacing. Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D An example is provided for slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and parameter set μ = 2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.

[0096] like Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4DAs depicted in FIG, a resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also called a physical RB (PRB)) extending over, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0097] like Figure 4A As illustrated, some REs carry Figure 1 and Figure 3 The RS may include a demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beamforming RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and / or a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0098] Figure 4B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising, for example, nine RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.

[0099] The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be in symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is transmitted by a UE (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 3 104) is used to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification.

[0100] The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.

[0101] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent via the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and / or paging messages.

[0102] As in Figure 4CAs illustrated in , some REs carry DMRS for channel estimation at the base station (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible). The UE can send DMRS for PUCCH and DMRS for PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS can be sent, for example, in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS can be sent in different configurations depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used. The UE 104 can send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS can be sent, for example, in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can send the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling for the UL.

[0103] Figure 4D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at the position indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSRs), power headroom reports (PHRs), and / or UCI.

[0104] Aspects related to adaptive selection of beam weights

[0105] As discussed above, aspects of the present disclosure relate to adaptive beam weight selection. Various aspects provide for dynamic selection of a beam weight control scheme for adaptive beam weight selection. Adaptive beam weight selection can be used for analog and / or hybrid beamforming. According to certain aspects, the beam weight control scheme can be used for adaptive beam weight selection for uplink and / or downlink transmission and / or reception.

[0106] According to certain aspects, the dynamic selection of the beam weight control scheme is based on sensing of the materials surrounding the device. Different materials surrounding the UE result in different effective electric field behaviors seen at the antenna elements of the device. For example, different materials have different spectral responses, resulting in different effective array gains at the device. Examples of materials surrounding the device may include a human hand holding the device or a person close to the device, an object on which the device is placed (e.g., a table, desk, or other surface), a protective case surrounding the device, a protective screen cover on the device, fabric / cloth when the device is placed in a pocket or purse, or other materials close to the device. Such materials may include outer skin (e.g., which is mostly water), plastic, glass, wood, metal, silicone, leather, or other materials. These materials have different conductive and dielectric properties, with different electric field behaviors and spectral responses.

[0107] Figure 5 Table 500 in the Figure illustrates example differences in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains for different materials achieved by a phase-only beam weighting scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weighting scheme at the 50th and 90th percentile levels. That is, the gain distribution for at least 50% of the scenarios and 90% of the scenarios is indicated. As shown in Table 500, in general, as the conductivity of the material increases, more gain is seen with the amplitude and phase beam weighting scheme relative to the phase-only beam weighting scheme. Scenarios include whether the antenna panel is back-mounted on the device or whether the antenna panel is side-mounted on the device. Another scenario includes whether the gain distribution is over the entire sphere surrounding the device.

[0108] According to certain aspects, a device determines surrounding material or one or more electrical properties of the surrounding material (eg, conductivity) to determine expected gains (eg, signal strength gains) achieved through different beam weight control schemes.

[0109] In some examples, the device measures a spectral response from the material surrounding the device. The device can make measurements over a range (e.g., within a few centimeters or millimeters). Based on the spectral response, the device can estimate the dielectric constant of the material surrounding the device or the effective dielectric constant of the material surrounding the device.

[0110] In some examples, the device performs capacitive sensing, polarization sensing, radar sensing, or other reflectivity testing to detect one or more materials surrounding the device (e.g., or properties of the materials). Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensing can be used to measure very small ranges (e.g., the measured range is comparable to the wavelength of the transmission). In the case of FMCW radar sensing, the device radiates continuous transmit power and modulates the transmit signal in frequency (or in phase). In the case of capacitive sensing, a capacitive sensor can detect one or more targets by transmitting an electric field and detecting the disruption of the electric field caused by the target.

[0111] According to certain aspects, a device may receive assistance information for dynamic beam weight control scheme selection. The assistance information may include an indication of materials surrounding the device. In some examples, the base station uses location information from multiple UEs to determine the assistance information and provide the assistance information to the device. According to certain aspects, the materials surrounding the device may be determined via a visual assistance method. For example, a camera or sensor of the device may be used to detect materials surrounding the device.

[0112] According to certain aspects, the detected spectral responses, measurements, properties, and / or materials are classified to map to expected gains from various beam weight control schemes. For example, the detected spectral responses, measurements, properties, and / or materials can be labeled a priori and trained using machine learning methods to associate the detected spectral responses, measurements, properties, and / or materials with classifications. The classifications can be coarse or fine. In some examples, the detected spectral responses, measurements, properties, and / or materials can be associated with classifications using non-machine learning methods.

[0113] According to certain aspects, the device can further determine an operating mode. For example, the operating mode can include whether the device is stationary or mobile, whether the device is being held, carried, or placed in a pocket or purse, or whether the device is placed on a stationary surface (such as a desk or table), or other operating modes. The operating mode can include mobility information, such as the speed and / or direction the device is moving. The operating mode can also be classified in addition to the detected spectral response, measurement, property, and / or material.

[0114] According to certain aspects, a device determines differences in gain achieved by a beam weight steering scheme based on classifications. For example, machine learning can be used to a priori label and train the classifications to associate the classifications with expected gains achieved by the beam weight steering schemes. In some examples, non-machine learning methods can be used to associate the classifications with gains.

[0115] According to certain aspects, a device dynamically determines a beam weight control scheme based on the classification. In some examples, the various beam weight control schemes include a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme. The phase-only beam weight control scheme may use only phase shifters to control the phase of each antenna element. The amplitude of each antenna element may be the same. The phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme may use phase shifters to control the phase of each antenna element and a VGA to control the amplitude of each antenna element.

[0116] According to certain aspects, a device selects a beam weight control scheme based on a threshold signal strength (e.g., a minimum signal strength to be achieved). The device may determine the threshold signal strength, or the device may be configured with the threshold strength by another device (e.g., a network entity). The threshold signal strength may be a target signal strength for transmission using the beam weight control scheme. In some examples, the device may select the least complex beam weight control scheme that provides the threshold signal strength. For example, if a phase-only beam weight control scheme provides the threshold signal strength, the device may select a phase-only beam weight control scheme. On the other hand, if a phase-only beam weight control scheme does not provide the threshold signal strength, the device may select a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.

[0117] According to certain aspects, a device selects a beam weight control scheme based on a performance gap threshold. The device may determine the performance gap threshold, or the device may be configured by another device (e.g., a network entity) or pre-configured (e.g., hard-coded) with the performance gap threshold. The performance gap threshold may be a threshold difference in gain achieved by the respective beam weight control schemes. In some examples, the network entity may semi-statically (e.g., via radio resource control (RRC) signaling) or dynamically (e.g., via downlink control information (DCI) or medium access control-control element (MAC-CE)) configure the device with the performance gap threshold. If the device determines that the difference in expected gain from the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme is equal to or exceeds the performance gap threshold, the device may select the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme. If the device determines that the difference in expected gain from the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme is below the performance gap threshold, the device may select the phase-only beam weight control scheme.

[0118] According to certain aspects, the device further selects a beam weight control scheme based on whether beam correspondence is established. Beam correspondence refers to a situation in which channel conditions for uplink and downlink are similar, and therefore, the beam selected for downlink transmission and reception can be used (or can be derived for use) for uplink transmission and reception. In some examples, the device receives an indication that beam correspondence failed. The device can select different beam weight control schemes for the uplink and downlink based on determining that beam correspondence failed.

[0119] According to certain aspects, the device further selects a beam weight control scheme based on the capabilities of the device. In some examples, the device may determine (or adjust) a performance gap threshold based on the capabilities of the device. For example, if the device has high capabilities, the device may use a lower performance gap threshold to select the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme. If the device has less capabilities, the device may use a higher performance gap threshold to select the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.

[0120] According to certain aspects, the device further selects a beam weight steering scheme based on the type of transmission for which the device uses the beam weight steering scheme. In some examples, the device may determine (or adjust) the performance gap threshold based on the type of transmission. For example, if the device uses a beam weight steering scheme for a type of transmission associated with a high data rate, the device may use a lower performance gap threshold to select a phase and amplitude beam weight steering scheme. If the device uses a beam weight steering scheme for a type of transmission associated with a lower data rate, the device may use a higher performance gap threshold to select a phase and amplitude beam weight steering scheme.

[0121] According to certain aspects, a device signals information about the selected beam weight control scheme to another device (e.g., a network entity). In some examples, the device receiving the information can use the information to adapt to potential beam correspondence failure issues. For example, a base station can use the information for power control. When the UE uses a phase-only beam weight control scheme, the base station can use a first power level, and when the UE uses a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme, the base station can use a second power level.

[0122] According to certain aspects, selection of the beam weight control scheme may be performed by a beam management controller of the device.

[0123] Example Operations of Entities in a Communication Network

[0124] Figure 6 A process flow 600 is depicted for communication in a network between a first device 604, a second device 602, and an object 606. In some aspects, the second device 602 can be a network entity. The second device 602 can be a Figure 1 and Figure 3 BS102 as depicted and described or with respect to Figure 2 The depicted and described example of a decomposed base station. The first device 604 may be a user equipment (UE). The first device 604 may be a user equipment (UE). Figure 1 and Figure 3 The depicted and described example is of a UE 104. However, in other aspects, the UE 104 may be another type of wireless communication device, and the BS 102 may be another type of network entity or network node, such as those described herein. Object 606 may refer to multiple objects.

[0125] Optionally, at 608, the first device 604 can receive assistance information from the second device 602. The first device 604 can use the assistance information when selecting a beam weight control scheme at 626, which will be described in more detail below. The assistance information can include information about one or more materials, electrical properties associated with the one or more materials, a beam weight control scheme associated with the one or more materials, an indication of a beam correspondence failure, a performance gap threshold, a signal strength threshold, or other information.

[0126] Optionally, at 609, the first device 604 performs sensing of one or more materials surrounding the first device 604. For example, at 610, the first device 604 may transmit a radar sensing signal. At 612, the first device 604 may receive a reflection of the radar sensing signal from the object 606. Note that although radar sensing is Figure 6608. As an example, it is understood that other types of sensing can be performed to detect materials surrounding the first device 604. Additionally, in some examples, the first device 604 can be informed of the materials surrounding the first device 604, such as in the assistance information received at 608 from the second device 602.

[0127] At 614, first device 604 may determine one or more electrical properties of object 606 based on the measurements of the reflections received at 612. For example, first device 604 may determine a distortion level of the reflections received at 612 relative to the radar sensing signal sent at 610. In some aspects, first device 604 may estimate a conductive property of object 606, such as a dielectric constant of object 606, based on the measurements of the reflections received at 612.

[0128] At 616, the first device 604 classifies the electrical properties of the object 606 (e.g., determined at 614). For example, the first device 604 may have an association between a range of values ​​for the electrical property and a classification. In some examples, the classification may be a variety of material classifications. In some examples, the classification may be a combination of material and usage scenario. The association between the range of values ​​for the electrical property and the classification may be in a mapping or LUT stored at the first device 604. In some examples, the association may be based on machine learning. For example, the first device 604 may input the value of the electrical property into a predictive model that outputs a classification. Machine learning may be used to generate a predictive model, for example, by training the model with various input electrical property values, predicting a classification, and updating the model based on the accuracy of the prediction.

[0129] Optionally, the first device 604 can determine a usage scenario at 618. In some examples, the usage scenario includes whether the first device 604 is stationary or mobile, the speed and / or direction in which the first device 604 is moving, one or more capabilities of the first device 604, the type of communication for which beamforming using a beam weight control scheme will be used (e.g., a target data rate for the communication), or other usage scenarios.

[0130] Optionally, at 620, the first device 604 determines a performance gap threshold. In some examples, the performance gap threshold is configured at the first device 604 by the second device 602 (e.g., in the assistance information received at 608 or other signaling) or is preconfigured at the first device 604 (e.g., hard-coded). In some examples, the first device 604 determines the performance gap threshold (or adjusts the configured performance gap threshold). For example, the first device 604 may determine or adjust the performance gap threshold based on the usage determined at 618. As discussed herein, the first device 604 may determine a lower performance gap threshold if the first device 604 has higher capabilities or a higher target data rate, or may determine a higher performance gap threshold if the first device 604 has lower capabilities or a lower target data rate.

[0131] At 622, the first device 604 may determine the difference in gain (e.g., signal strength gain) between various beam weight control schemes (e.g., a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme). For example, the first device 604 may be configured with an association (e.g., a mapping or LUT) between the classification and the expected gain or the difference in gain between the various beam weight control schemes.

[0132] At 624 , the first device 604 may compare the gain difference between the beam weight control schemes to a performance gap threshold.

[0133] At 626, the first device 604 selects a beam weight control scheme. For example, the first device 604 may select between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme based on a comparison of a gain difference with a performance gap threshold. When the difference in gain achieved by the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme is equal to or less than the performance gap threshold, the first device 604 may select the phase-only beam weight control scheme. When the difference in gain achieved by the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme is greater than the performance gap threshold, the first device 604 may select the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.

[0134] Optionally, at 628 , the first device 604 may signal information associated with the selected beam weight control scheme to the second device 602 .

[0135] Optionally, at 630, the first device 604 uses the selected beam weight control scheme to communicate with the second device 602. For example, the first device 604 can use the selected beam weight control scheme to adaptively select beam weights for transmitting and / or receiving beamformed signals.

[0136] Example Operations of User Equipment

[0137] Figure 7 A method 700 for wireless communication by a device is shown. For example, the device may be a UE, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 UE 104.

[0138] In one aspect, method 700 optionally includes, at 702, receiving signaling from a base station (BS) configuring a threshold.

[0139] In one aspect, method 700 optionally includes: sending one or more sensing signals; measuring one or more reflected responses of the one or more sensing signals; and determining electric field behavior based on measuring the one or more reflected responses.

[0140] Method 700 begins at 704, where a classification of electric field behavior of one or more antenna elements of a wireless device is determined. In one aspect, at 704, determining the classification of electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements of the wireless device includes measuring one or more spectral responses of one or more materials within range of the wireless device; and determining the classification of the electric field behavior based on a predefined association of a plurality of ranges of the spectral responses with a plurality of classifications.

[0141] In one aspect, the plurality of categories corresponds to a plurality of materials. In one aspect, the plurality of categories corresponds to a plurality of combinations of materials, applications performed, or use cases at the wireless device.

[0142] In one aspect, determining a classification of electric field behavior based on a predefined association of multiple ranges of spectral responses with multiple classifications includes: communicating one or more spectral responses to a predictive machine learning model; and obtaining one of the multiple classifications as an output from the predictive machine learning model.

[0143] In one aspect, determining a classification of electric field behavior based on predefined associations of multiple ranges of spectral responses with multiple classifications includes: identifying a range in a lookup table (LUT) associated with one or more spectral responses from the multiple ranges; and identifying a classification in the LUT associated with the range from the multiple classifications.

[0144] In one aspect, a phase-only beam weight control scheme includes adaptively selecting the phase of each of one or more antenna elements at a radio frequency (RF) carrier or an intermediate frequency (IF) carrier; and using the same amplitude level for each of one or more power amplifiers that control the one or more antenna elements; and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme includes adaptively selecting the phase of each of one or more antenna elements at the RF carrier or the IF carrier and the amplitude level of each of one or more power amplifiers that control the one or more antenna elements.

[0145] The method 700 then proceeds to step 708 , where a selection is made between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using one or more antenna elements based on the classification.

[0146] In one aspect, selecting between the phase-only beam weight control scheme and the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for beamforming using the one or more antenna elements based on the classification at 708 includes: determining a difference in signal quality gain between the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme based on the classification; selecting the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme when the difference in signal quality gain exceeds a threshold (e.g., the threshold received at 702 or the determined threshold); and selecting the phase-only beam weight control scheme when the difference in signal quality gain is equal to or less than the threshold.

[0147] In one aspect, determining the difference in signal quality gain between the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme based on the classification includes: communicating the classification to a predictive machine learning model; and obtaining the difference in signal quality gain as an output from the predictive machine learning model.

[0148] In one aspect, determining the difference in signal quality gain between the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme based on the classification includes: identifying the classification among multiple classifications in a lookup table (LUT); and identifying the difference in signal quality gain associated with the classification in the LUT.

[0149] In one aspect, the threshold is configured at the wireless device.

[0150] In one aspect, method 700 further comprises determining the threshold based on one or more of: mobility of the wireless device, one or more capabilities of the wireless device, an application, a use case, a type of communication for which the wireless device performs the hybrid beamforming, or a target data rate associated with the communication.

[0151] In one aspect, the method 700 optionally includes signaling, at 710, an indication of the phase-only beam weight control scheme or the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme based on the selection.

[0152] In one aspect, method 700 or any aspect related thereto may be performed by an apparatus such as Figure 9 The method 700 is performed by a communication device 900 comprising various components operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 700. The communication device 900 is described in more detail below.

[0153] It should be noted that Figure 7 This is merely one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible consistent with the present disclosure.

[0154] Example Operations of Network Entities

[0155] Figure 8 A method 800 for wireless communication by a device is shown. The device may be a network entity such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 BS102 or as compared to Figure 2 The decomposed base station in question.

[0156] In one aspect, method 800 optionally includes determining the threshold at 802 based on one or more of: mobility of the UE, one or more capabilities of the UE, an application, a use case, a type of communication for which the UE performs hybrid beamforming, or a target data rate associated with the communication.

[0157] Methodology 800 begins, at 804, where beam weight control scheme assistance information for a user equipment (UE) is communicated.

[0158] In one aspect, the beam weight control scheme assistance information includes at least one of: a plurality of classifications, a plurality of signal quality gains associated with a plurality of classifications of electric field behavior, a beam correspondence indication, or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the plurality of classifications corresponds to a plurality of combinations of materials, applications, and use cases at the UE.

[0159] In one aspect, the beam weight steering scheme assistance information comprises a predefined association of a plurality of ranges of spectral response with the plurality of classifications. In one aspect, the predefined association of a plurality of ranges of spectral response with the plurality of classifications comprises a lookup table (LUT). In one aspect, the beam weight steering scheme assistance information comprises a signal quality gain threshold.

[0160] In one aspect, the beam weight control scheme assistance information includes a predefined association of the plurality of categories with a plurality of signal quality gain values ​​or differences in signal quality gain values. In one aspect, the predefined association of the plurality of categories with a plurality of signal quality gain values ​​or differences in signal quality gain values ​​includes a lookup table (LUT).

[0161] Method 800 then proceeds to step 804, where an indication of a phase-only beam weight control scheme or a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme selected by the UE for hybrid beamforming using one or more antenna elements of the UE is obtained.

[0162] In one aspect, method 800 or any aspect related thereto may be performed by an apparatus such as Figure 10 The method 800 is performed by a communication device 1000 comprising various components operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 800. The communication device 1000 is described in more detail below.

[0163] It should be noted that Figure 8 This is merely one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps may also be consistent with the present disclosure.

[0164] Example Communication Device

[0165] Figure 9 Depicted are aspects of an example communication device 900. In some aspects, the communication device 900 is user equipment, such as described above with respect to Figure 1 and Figure 3 UE 104 is described.

[0166] The communication device 900 includes a processing system 902 coupled to a transceiver 908 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver). The transceiver 908 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communication device 900, such as the various signals described herein, via an antenna 910. The processing system 902 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communication device 900, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communication device 900.

[0167] The processing system 902 includes one or more processors 920. In various aspects, such as with respect to Figure 3 As depicted, the one or more processors 920 may represent one or more of the receive processor 358, the transmit processor 364, the TX MIMO processor 366, and / or the controller / processor 380. The one or more processors 920 are coupled to the computer-readable medium / memory 930 via the bus 906. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 930 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 920, cause the one or more processors 920 to perform operations with respect to the computer-readable medium / memory 930. Figure 7 The described method 700 or any aspects related thereto. It should be noted that reference to a processor performing a function of the communication device 900 may include one or more processors performing that function of the communication device 900.

[0168] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 930 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) for determining 931, code for selecting 932, code for measuring 933, code for communicating 934, and code for identifying 935. Processing of the codes 931-935 may cause the communication device 900 to perform operations relative to Figure 7The described method 700 or any aspect related thereto.

[0169] The one or more processors 920 include circuits configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 930, including circuits for determining 921, selecting 922, measuring 923, communicating 924, and identifying 925. Processing by circuits 921-925 enables the communication device 900 to perform operations with respect to Figure 7 The described method 700 or any aspect related thereto.

[0170] The various components of the communication device 900 may provide for performing operations related to Figure 7 Means for sending, transmitting, or outputting for sending may include: Figure 3 The transceiver 354 and / or antenna 352 and / or Figure 9 The transceiver 908 and antenna 910 of the communication device 900 in FIG. The means for receiving or obtaining may include Figure 3 The transceiver 354 and / or antenna 352 and / or Figure 9 908 and antenna 910 of the communication device 900.

[0171] Figure 10 Depicts aspects of an example communication device. In some aspects, the communication device 1000 is a network entity such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 BS102 or as compared to Figure 2 The decomposed base station in question.

[0172] The communication device 1000 includes a processing system 1002 coupled to a transceiver 1008 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) and / or a network interface 1012. The transceiver 1008 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communication device 1000, such as the various signals described herein, via an antenna 1010. The network interface 1012 is configured to receive signals via a communication link (such as the signals described herein). Figure 2 The backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link described herein obtain and transmit signals for the communication device 1000. The processing system 1002 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communication device 1000, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communication device 1000.

[0173] The processing system 1002 includes one or more processors 1020. In various aspects, such as with respect to Figure 3As depicted, the one or more processors 1020 may represent one or more of the receive processor 338, the transmit processor 320, the TX MIMO processor 330, and / or the controller / processor 340. The one or more processors 1020 are coupled to the computer-readable medium / memory 1030 via the bus 1006. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1030 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1020, cause the one or more processors 1020 to perform operations with respect to the computer-readable medium / memory 1030. Figure 8 It should be noted that reference to a processor of the communication device 1000 performing a function may include one or more processors of the communication device 1000 performing that function.

[0174] In the depicted example, computer readable medium / memory 1030 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) for communicating 1031, code for obtaining 1032, and code for determining 1033. Processing of the codes 1031-1033 may cause the communication device 1000 to perform operations relative to Figure 8 The described method 800 or any aspect related thereto.

[0175] The one or more processors 1020 include circuits configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1030, including circuits for communicating 1021, circuits for obtaining 1022, and circuits for determining 1023. Processing performed by circuits 1021-1023 may enable the communication device 1000 to perform operations such as those described with respect to Figure 8 The described method 800 or any aspect related thereto.

[0176] The various components of the communication device 1000 may be provided for performing Figure 8 Means for sending, transmitting, or outputting for sending may include: Figure 3 The transceiver 332 and / or antenna 334 and / or Figure 10 The transceiver 1008 and antenna 1010 of the communication device 1000 in FIG. Figure 3 The transceiver 332 and / or antenna 334 and / or Figure 10 The transceiver 1008 and antenna 1010 of the communication device 1000 are shown in FIG.

[0177] Sample Clauses

[0178] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0179] Clause 1: A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method comprising: determining a classification of electric field behavior of one or more antenna elements of the wireless device; and selecting between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using the one or more antenna elements based on the classification.

[0180] Clause 2: A method according to clause 1, wherein determining the classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements of the wireless device includes: measuring one or more spectral responses of one or more materials within the range of the wireless device; and determining the classification of the electric field behavior based on a predefined association of multiple ranges of spectral responses with multiple classifications.

[0181] Clause 3: The method of clause 2, wherein the plurality of classifications corresponds to a plurality of materials.

[0182] Clause 4: The method of any one or more of clauses 2-3, wherein the plurality of classifications corresponds to a plurality of combinations of materials, executed applications, or usage scenarios at the wireless device.

[0183] Clause 5: A method according to any one or more of clauses 2 to 4, wherein determining the classification of the electric field behavior based on the predefined association of multiple ranges of the spectral responses with the multiple classifications includes: communicating the one or more spectral responses to a predictive machine learning model; and obtaining one of the multiple classifications as output from the predictive machine learning model.

[0184] Clause 6: A method according to any one or more of clauses 2 to 5, wherein determining the classification of the electric field behavior based on the predefined association of multiple ranges of the spectral response with the multiple classifications includes: identifying a range in the multiple ranges associated with the one or more spectral responses in a lookup table (LUT); and identifying a classification in the multiple classifications in the LUT associated with the range.

[0185] Clause 7: A method according to any one or more of clauses 1 to 6, wherein: the phase-only beam weight control scheme includes: adaptively selecting the phase of each of the one or more antenna elements at a radio frequency (RF) carrier or an intermediate frequency (IF) carrier; and using the same amplitude level for each of the one or more power amplifiers that control the one or more antenna elements; and the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme includes: adaptively selecting the phase of each of the one or more antenna elements at the RF carrier or the IF carrier and the amplitude level of each of the one or more power amplifiers that control the one or more antenna elements.

[0186] Clause 8: A method according to any one or more of clauses 1 to 7, wherein selecting between the phase-only beam weight control scheme and the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for beamforming using the one or more antenna elements based on the classification includes: determining the difference in signal quality gain between the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme based on the classification; selecting the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme when the difference in signal quality gain exceeds a threshold; and selecting the phase-only beam weight control scheme when the difference in signal quality gain is equal to or less than the threshold.

[0187] Clause 9: A method according to clause 8, wherein determining the difference in signal quality gain between the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme based on the classification includes: communicating the classification to a predictive machine learning model; and obtaining the difference in signal quality gain as output from the predictive machine learning model.

[0188] Clause 10: A method according to any one or more of clauses 8 to 9, wherein determining the difference in signal quality gain between the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme based on the classification includes: identifying the classification among multiple classifications in a lookup table (LUT); and identifying the difference in signal quality gain in the LUT associated with the classification.

[0189] Clause 11: The method of any one or more of clauses 8 to 10, wherein the threshold is configured at the wireless device.

[0190] Clause 12: A method as recited in any one or more of clauses 8 to 11, further comprising receiving signaling from a network entity configuring the threshold.

[0191] Clause 13: The method according to any one or more of clauses 8 to 12, further comprising determining the threshold based on one or more of: the mobility of the wireless device, one or more capabilities of the wireless device, an application, a usage scenario, a type of communication for which the wireless device performs the hybrid beamforming, or a target data rate associated with the communication.

[0192] Clause 14: The method of any one or more of clauses 1 to 13, further comprising: sending one or more sensing signals; measuring one or more reflection responses of the one or more sensing signals; and determining the electric field behavior based on the measuring of the one or more reflection responses.

[0193] Clause 15: The method of any one or more of clauses 1 to 14, further comprising signaling an indication of the phase-only beam weight control scheme or the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme based on the selection.

[0194] Clause 16: A method for wireless communications by a wireless device, the method comprising: communicating beam weight control scheme assistance information for a user equipment (UE); and obtaining an indication of a phase-only beam weight control scheme or a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme selected by the UE for hybrid beamforming using one or more antenna elements of the UE.

[0195] Clause 17: The method of clause 16, wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises at least one of: a plurality of classifications, a plurality of signal quality gains associated with the plurality of classifications of electric field behavior, a beam correspondence indication, or a combination thereof.

[0196] Clause 18: The method of clause 17, wherein the plurality of categories corresponds to a plurality of combinations of materials, applications, and use cases at the UE.

[0197] Clause 19: A method as recited in any one or more of clauses 17 to 18, wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises predefined associations of a plurality of ranges of the spectral response with the plurality of categories.

[0198] Clause 20: The method of clause 19, wherein the predefined association of the plurality of ranges of the spectral response with the plurality of classifications comprises a look-up table (LUT).

[0199] Clause 21: A method as recited in any one or more of clauses 17 to 20, wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises a signal quality gain threshold.

[0200] Clause 22: The method according to clause 21 also includes determining the signal quality gain threshold based on one or more of the following: mobility of the UE, one or more capabilities of the UE, applications, use cases, the type of communication for which the UE performs hybrid beamforming, or a target data rate associated with the communication.

[0201] Clause 23: A method according to any one or more of clauses 17 to 22, wherein the beam weight steering scheme assistance information comprises predefined associations of the plurality of classifications with a plurality of signal quality gain values ​​or differences in signal quality gain values.

[0202] Clause 24: The method of clause 23, wherein the predefined association of the plurality of classifications with the plurality of signal quality gain values ​​or differences in signal quality gain values ​​comprises a lookup table (LUT).

[0203] Clause 25: An apparatus comprising: a memory including executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of clauses 1 to 24.

[0204] Clause 26: An apparatus comprising means for performing the method according to any one of clauses 1 to 24.

[0205] Clause 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of clauses 1 to 24.

[0206] Clause 28: A computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the method according to any one of clauses 1 to 24.

[0207] Additional Notes

[0208] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein do not limit the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Each example may omit, replace, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, the features described for some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice a method. In addition, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods practiced using other structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities that supplement or replace the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0209] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed using a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC), or any other such configuration.

[0210] As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of those items (including single members). By way of example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0211] As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.

[0212] The method disclosed herein includes one or more actions for implementing the method. Method actions can be interchangeable with each other without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions can be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. In addition, the various operations of the method described above can be performed by any appropriate component that can perform the corresponding function. The component may include various hardware and / or software components and / or modules, including but not limited to circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or processors.

[0213] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be granted the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within the claims, unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. No claim element is to be interpreted under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "members for...". All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or will later be known to one of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. In addition, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims, anything disclosed herein is not intended to be disclosed to the public.

Claims

1. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a memory including computer executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: determining a classification of electric field behavior of one or more antenna elements of the device; as well as A selection is made between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using the one or more antenna elements based on the classification.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: measuring one or more spectral responses of one or more materials within the range of the device; and The classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements is determined based on a predefined association of a plurality of ranges of spectral responses with a plurality of classifications. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of materials. 4 . The device of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of combinations of materials, executed applications, or usage scenarios at the device.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: communicating the one or more spectral responses to a predictive machine learning model; and One of the multiple classifications is obtained as an output from the predictive machine learning model.

6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: identifying in a lookup table (LUT) a range of the plurality of ranges associated with the one or more spectral responses; and A classification of the plurality of classifications in the LUT that is associated with the range is identified.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The phase-only beam weight control scheme includes: adaptively selecting a phase of each of the one or more antenna elements at a radio frequency (RF) carrier or an intermediate frequency (IF) carrier; and using the same amplitude level for each of one or more power amplifiers controlling the one or more antenna elements; and The phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme includes: A phase of each of the one or more antenna elements at the RF carrier or the IF carrier and an amplitude level of each of the one or more power amplifiers of the one or more antenna elements are adaptively selected.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: determining a difference in signal quality gain between the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme based on the classification; selecting the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme when the difference in the signal quality gain exceeds a threshold; and When the difference in the signal quality gain is equal to or less than the threshold, the phase-only beam weight control scheme is selected.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: communicating the classification to a predictive machine learning model; and The difference in signal quality gain is obtained as output from the predictive machine learning model.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: identifying the classification in a plurality of classifications in a lookup table (LUT); and A difference in the signal quality gain in the LUT associated with the classification is identified. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the threshold is configured at the apparatus.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: A signaling for configuring the threshold is received from a network entity.

13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: The threshold is determined based on one or more of: mobility of the device, one or more capabilities of the device, an application, a use case, a type of communication for which the device performs the hybrid beamforming, or a target data rate associated with the communication.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: sending one or more sensing signals; measuring one or more reflected responses of the one or more sensed signals; as well as The electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements is determined based on the one or more reflection responses.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and further cause the apparatus to: An indication of the phase-only beam weight control scheme or the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme is signaled based on the selection.

16. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a memory including computer executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: conveying beam weight control scheme assistance information for a user equipment (UE); and An indication of a phase-only beam weight control scheme or a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme selected by the UE for hybrid beamforming using one or more antenna elements of the UE is obtained.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the beam weight control scheme auxiliary information comprises at least one of: a plurality of classifications, a plurality of signal quality gains associated with a plurality of classifications of electric field behaviors, a beam correspondence indication, or a combination thereof.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of combinations of materials, applications, and usage scenarios at the UE.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises predefined associations of a plurality of ranges of spectral responses with the plurality of classifications.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the predefined association of the plurality of ranges of the spectral response to the plurality of classifications comprises a look-up table (LUT).

21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises a signal quality gain threshold.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: The signal quality gain threshold is determined based on one or more of: mobility of the UE, one or more capabilities of the UE, an application, a use case, a type of communication for which the UE performs hybrid beamforming, or a target data rate associated with the communication.

23. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises a predefined association of the plurality of classifications with a plurality of signal quality gain values ​​or differences in signal quality gain values.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the predefined association of the plurality of classifications with the plurality of signal quality gain values ​​or differences in signal quality gain values ​​comprises a look-up table (LUT).

25. A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method comprising: determining a classification of electric field behavior of one or more antenna elements of the wireless device; as well as A selection is made between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using the one or more antenna elements based on the classification.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein determining the classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements comprises: measuring one or more spectral responses of one or more materials within range of the wireless device; as well as The classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements is determined based on a predefined association of a plurality of ranges of spectral responses with a plurality of classifications.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of materials.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of combinations of materials, executed applications, or usage scenarios at the wireless device.

29. The method of claim 26, wherein determining the classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements based on the predefined association of multiple ranges of the spectral response with the multiple classifications comprises: communicating the one or more spectral responses to a predictive machine learning model; as well as One of the multiple classifications is obtained as an output from the predictive machine learning model.

30. A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method comprising: conveying beam weight control scheme assistance information for user equipment (UE); as well as An indication of a phase-only beam weight control scheme or a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme selected by the UE for hybrid beamforming using one or more antenna elements of the UE is obtained.

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