Channel-oriented modulation selection for improving spectral efficiency by indicating set of resource elements and modulation for subset of resource elements

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for channel-oriented modulation selection for improved spectral efficiency. The apparatus receives an activation indication indicating activation of a modulation selection procedure and a set of REs for the modulation selection procedure. The activation indication indicates a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the set of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the set of REs, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs. The apparatus receives a downlink communication based on the modulation selection procedure.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application serial number 17 / 804,279, entitled “CHANNELORIENTED MODULATION SELECTION FOR IMPROVED SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY” and filed on May 26, 2022, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to configurations for channel-oriented modulation selection. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at city, country, region, and even global levels. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5GNR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. It is necessary to further improve 5G NR technology. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that adopt these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] The following presents a summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive review of all contemplated aspects. This summary is neither intended to identify the key or important elements of all aspects, nor to describe the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a device at a UE. The apparatus may be a processor and / or a modem at the UE or the UE itself. The apparatus receives an activation indication indicating activation of a modulation selection procedure and a set of resource elements (REs) for the modulation selection procedure, the activation indication indicating a first modulation for a first RE subset within the RE set and a second modulation for a second RE subset within the RE set, the first RE subset having a higher quality than the second RE subset. The apparatus receives downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a device at a network entity. The apparatus may be a processor and / or a modem at a network entity or the network entity itself. The apparatus determines to activate a modulation selection procedure. In response to the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, the apparatus allocates a set of resource elements (REs) for the modulation selection procedure, the RE set including a first RE subset having a first modulation within the RE set and a second RE subset having a second modulation within the RE set, the first modulation having a higher modulation rate than the second modulation, and the first RE subset having a higher quality than the second RE subset. The apparatus sends downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure.

[0009] To achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features described in full below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features are only indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2Cis a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating examples of transmission and receivers according to aspects presented herein.

[0017] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating examples of transmission and receivers according to aspects presented herein.

[0018] Figure 6 It is a call flow diagram of the signaling between the UE and the base station.

[0019] Figure 7 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0020] Figure 8 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0021] Fig. 9 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities.

[0022] Fig.10 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0023] Fig.11 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0024] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In wireless communications, the UE may report channel state information (CSI) to the base station so that the base station can maximize throughput. The UE may also report to the base station the RBs with the highest quality for the downlink. In wireless communications such as NR, the high frequency band may be time division duplex (TDD) for FR1 and FR2. A common assumption of TDD is high reciprocity between the uplink channel and the downlink channel. In the case of obtaining high reciprocity, the base station can estimate the UE downlink channel response by estimating the UE uplink channel response seen on the SRS. Algorithm optimization can be achieved in the case where the UE has a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a quality downlink channel estimate.

[0026] Various aspects presented herein provide algorithm optimization between UE and base station. The UE may be configured to report the lowest quality RE and the highest quality RE to the base station so that the base station may use the lowest quality RE and the highest quality RE under different modulations. In addition, the modulation selection procedure may identify the RE with the lowest / highest channel at the UE based on the channel response without the UE reporting the lowest quality RE / highest quality RE.

[0027] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are descriptions of various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid blurring such concepts.

[0028] Several aspects of the telecommunication system are also presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0029] As an example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements, may be implemented as a "processing system" comprising one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gating logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0030] Thus, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. As an example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0031] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by the illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip specific implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, devices that enable artificial intelligence (AI), etc.). Although some examples may be specifically for use cases or applications, or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have a wide range of applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be in the range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the range of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) equipment or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the equipment combined with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include several components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.) The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc.

[0032] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5GNR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0033] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0034] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as actually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0035] Figure 11 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0036] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0037] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0038] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0039] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RU 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 130 and CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0040] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0041] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0042] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0043] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Therefore, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may be included in the base station 102 or may not be included in the base station). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU140 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to YxMHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to YMHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.) bandwidth. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for DL ​​and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​compared to UL). The component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0044] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0045] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, such as in a 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communication to determine whether a channel is available.

[0046] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0047] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz–24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and therefore the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0048] In view of the above, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "below 6 GHz" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0049] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may send a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also send a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0050] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a decomposed base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations that may include decomposed base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0051] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is a control node that processes signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity processing, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location servers / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, position determination entity (PDE), serving mobile location center (SMLC), mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. LMF 166 receives measurement and assistance information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the location of UE 104. NG-RAN can use one or more positioning methods to determine the location of UE 104. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimation, and optional speed calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurements can be performed by UE 104 and / or serving base station 102. The measured signal can be based on a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / positioning systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0052] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terms. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more supporting devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0053] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include an activation component 198 configured to receive an activation indication indicating activation of a modulation selection procedure and a set of REs for the modulation selection procedure, the activation indication indicating a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the set of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the set of REs, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and receive downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure.

[0054] Reference again Figure 1 In some aspects, the base station 102 may include a selection component 199 configured to determine to activate a modulation selection procedure; in response to the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, allocate a set of REs for the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs including a first subset of REs within the set of REs having a first modulation and a second subset of REs within the set of REs having a second modulation, the first modulation having a higher modulation rate than the second modulation, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and send downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure.

[0055] Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0056] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or may be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are full DL and full UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE via a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the description below also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0057] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2DThe frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 subframes of equal size (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (also known as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol) (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and effectively defines the symbol length / duration, which is equal to 1 / SCS.

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ timeslots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example of a parameter set μ=2 with a normal CP of 14 symbols per slot and 4 slots per subframe is provided. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0061] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a number of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0062] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0063] Figure 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on a CORESET, wherein the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent via the PBCH (such as a system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0064] like Figure 2CAs illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the comb teeth. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0065] Figure 2D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSRs), power headroom reports (PHRs), and / or UCI.

[0066] Figure 3375. The Controller / Processor 375 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0067] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (including the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be separated into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, each stream can be multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and each stream can then be combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel condition feedback sent by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0068] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbol on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation point most likely to be sent by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on the channel estimate calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by the base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to a controller / processor 359 that implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0069] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0070] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0071] The TX processor 368 may use channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0072] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0073] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0074] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The activation component 198 combines various aspects.

[0075] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The selection component 199 combines various aspects.

[0076] In wireless communication, the UE can report CSI to the base station so that the base station can maximize throughput. The CSI can be wideband or narrowband with a common MCS for each transport block. The UE can also report to the base station the RB with the highest quality for the downlink.

[0077] In wireless communications such as NR, the high frequency band may be TDD for FR1 and FR2. A common assumption of TDD is high reciprocity between uplink and downlink channels. In the case of obtaining high reciprocity, the base station can estimate the UE downlink channel response by estimating the UE uplink channel response seen on the SRS. In the absence of channel reciprocity, the downlink channel may be transmitted by the UE via CSF reports. In the case of a UE with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a quality downlink channel estimate, algorithm optimization may be achieved.

[0078] The aspects presented herein provide a configuration for channel-oriented modulation selection. The aspects presented herein may provide algorithm optimization between a UE and a base station. The UE may be configured to report the lowest quality RE and the highest quality RE to the base station so that the base station may use the lowest quality RE and the highest quality RE under different modulations. For example, the lowest quality RE / highest quality RE may have a lower / higher modulation than the modulation indicated in the DCI for the current PDSCH. In addition, the modulation selection procedure may identify the RE with the lowest / highest channel at the UE based on the channel response without the UE reporting the lowest quality RE / highest quality RE. At least one advantage of the present disclosure is that channel-oriented modulation selection may enhance spectral efficiency by handling glitches or other impairments within the PDSCH allocation.

[0079] Figure 4400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter and a receiver according to aspects presented herein. The diagram includes an example of a transmitter 402 and a receiver 420. The transmitter 402 may receive a report 404 from a UE, wherein the report indicates the best RE and the worst RE from a set of REs. The transmitter 402 may determine whether to apply a dynamic modulation procedure 406 in response to the report (e.g., CSF) 404. The transmitter may perform modulation 408 to generate modulated data 410. The modulated data 410 may be modulated based on dynamic modulation. The transmitter may then perform mapping 412 of the data and prepare the data for transmission 414 to the receiver 420.

[0080] Receiver 420 may receive data at receiver 422. Receiver 420 may receive reference signal 426 (e.g., DMRS, CSI-RS) to perform channel estimation 428. At 430, the receiver may find the best RE and the worst RE from the set of REs based on reference signal 426. The receiver may report (e.g., 404) the best RE and the worst RE to transmitter 402. At 424, receiver 420 may determine whether dynamic modulation is active. In some cases, receiver 420 may receive an indication from the transmitter indicating that dynamic modulation is active. Dynamic modulation may be activated based on a report (e.g., 404) indicating the best RE and the worst RE. At 434, the receiver may demap the received data using dynamic modulation (if active). In the case where dynamic modulation is active, the best RE / worst RE may have a higher / lower modulation than the modulation indicated in the DCI of PDSCH 432. Then, at 436, the receiver may decode the data based on the dynamic modulation.

[0081] Figure 5 500 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter and a receiver according to aspects presented herein. The diagram includes an example of a transmitter 502 and a receiver 520. The transmitter 502 may receive a UE transmission 504. At 506 or 508, based on the transmission 504, the transmitter 502 may estimate a downlink channel. At 506, the transmitter may estimate the downlink channel based on an SRS. At 508, the transmitter may estimate the downlink channel based on a CSF report from the receiver 520. At 510, the transmitter may determine to apply dynamic modulation. The dynamic modulation may be applied based on the SRS or the CSF. The transmitter may perform modulation 512 to generate modulated data 514. The modulated data 514 may be modulated based on the dynamic modulation. The transmitter may then perform mapping 516 of the data and prepare the data for transmission 518 to the receiver 520.

[0082] The receiver 520 may receive data at the receiver 522. At 524, the receiver 520 may determine whether dynamic modulation is active. The receiver 520 may receive a reference signal from the transmitter 502. The receiver may send a CSF report to the transmitter based on the reference signal. In some cases, the receiver may send an SRS to the transmitter to allow the transmitter to perform channel estimation of a downlink channel. The receiver 520 may receive an indication from the transmitter 502 indicating that dynamic modulation is active. The receipt of the indication may be based on a CSF or SRS sent by the receiver. The receiver may receive a DMRS 526 in order to perform channel estimation 528. The receiver may estimate the downlink channel based on the DMRS 526. At 530, the receiver may determine the location of the best RE / worst RE. At 534, the receiver may use dynamic modulation (if active) to demap the received data. In the case where dynamic modulation is active, the best RE / worst RE may have a higher / lower modulation than the modulation indicated in the DCI of the PDSCH 532. Then, at 536, the receiver may decode the data based on the dynamic modulation.

[0083] Figure 6 600 is a call flow diagram of signaling between a UE 602 and a base station 604. The base station 604 may be configured to provide at least one cell. The UE 602 may be configured to communicate with the base station 604. For example, Figure 1 In the context of , base station 604 may correspond to base station 102. In addition, UE 602 may correspond to at least UE 104. In another example, in Figure 3 In the context of , base station 604 may correspond to base station 310 and UE 602 may correspond to UE 350.

[0084] At 606, UE 602 may send a CSF report to base station 604. Base station 604 may receive the CSF report from UE 602. The CSF report may include an indication identifying a first subset of REs in a set of RBs having the highest quality and a second subset of REs in a set of RBs having the lowest quality. In some aspects, the CSF report may be based on at least one of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) measured at the UE.

[0085] At 608, UE 602 may select one or more REs from the first RE subset or the second RE subset for a modulation selection procedure based at least on the CSF report. In some aspects, the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure may be related to an allocation of a total number of REs or based on a percentage amount of a total number of REs.

[0086] At 610, UE 602 may send an SRS. The UE may send the SRS to base station 604. The UE may send the SRS to allow estimation of a downlink channel. The UE may send the SRS to allow estimation of a downlink channel based on channel reciprocity between an uplink channel and a downlink channel between the UE and a network entity.

[0087] At 612, the UE 602 may estimate a downlink channel and a location of the first RE subset or the second RE subset for a modulation selection procedure. For example, 808 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. In some aspects, the estimate of the downlink channel may be based on a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) measured at the UE.

[0088] At 614, the base station 604 may estimate the downlink channel and the location of the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for the modulation selection procedure. In some aspects, the estimate of the downlink channel is based on the SRS received at the base station.

[0089] At 616, the base station 604 may determine to activate the modulation selection procedure. In some aspects, the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure may be based on a CSF report from the UE.

[0090] At 618, the base station 604 may provide an activation indication indicating that the modulation selection procedure is activated. The base station may provide the activation indication to the UE 602. The UE 602 may receive the activation indication from the base station 604. The activation indication may indicate a first modulation for a first subset of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs. In some aspects, the activation indication is provided via RRC, DCI, or MAC-CE.

[0091] At 620, the base station 604 may allocate a set of REs for a modulation selection procedure. In response to a determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs may include a first subset of REs within the set of REs having a first modulation and a second subset of REs within the set of REs having a second modulation. The first modulation may have a higher modulation rate than the second modulation. In some aspects, the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure may be related to the allocation of the total number of REs, or based on a percentage amount of the total number of REs. In some aspects, the first modulation may be greater than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the first modulation may include 64QAM or 32QAM, and the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM. In some aspects, the second modulation may be less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the second modulation may include 8QAM or 4QAM, and the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM. In some aspects, the first modulation and the second modulation may be different from the modulation indicated in the DCI associated with the downlink communication. In some aspects, the first subset of REs may have a higher quality than the second subset of REs. In some aspects, the first RE subset may have a higher quality than other REs in the RE set. In some aspects, the second RE subset may have the lowest quality compared to other REs in the RE set. In some aspects, the first RE subset with the highest or higher quality or the second RE subset with the lowest or lower quality may be based on the average quality of all REs in one or more RBs. The lowest or lower quality or the highest or higher quality may be based on a threshold. In some aspects, the highest or higher quality may be higher than the average quality by a threshold. In some aspects, the lowest or lower quality may be lower than the average quality by a threshold.

[0092] At 622, the base station 604 may send a downlink communication based on the modulation selection procedure. The base station may send the downlink communication to the UE 602. The UE 602 may receive the downlink communication from the base station 604. The base station may send the downlink communication based on the modulation selection procedure. In some aspects, the downlink communication may be demodulated by the UE based on at least the first modulation and the second modulation.

[0093] Figure 7 700 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (eg, UE 104; device 904). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow a UE to receive downlink communications based on a modulation selection procedure.

[0094] At 702, the UE may receive an activation indication of a modulation selection procedure and a set of REs for the modulation selection procedure. For example, 702 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. The UE may receive an activation indication from a network entity. The activation indication may indicate a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the set of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the set of REs. The first subset of REs may have a higher quality than the second subset of REs. In some aspects, the first subset of REs may have a higher quality than other REs within the set of REs. In some aspects, the second subset of REs may have the lowest quality compared to other REs within the set of REs. In some aspects, the activation indication indicating the activation of the modulation selection procedure may be received via a radio resource control (RRC), a downlink control information (DCI), or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE). In some aspects, the first modulation may be greater than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the first modulation may include 64QAM or 32QAM, and the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM. In some aspects, the second modulation may be less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the second modulation may include 8QAM or 4QAM, and the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM. In some aspects, the first modulation and the second modulation may be different from the modulation indicated in the DCI associated with the downlink communication. In some aspects, the first RE subset with the highest or higher quality or the second RE subset with the lowest or lower quality may be based on the average quality of all REs in one or more RBs. The lowest or lower quality or the highest or higher quality may be based on a threshold. In some aspects, the highest or higher quality may be higher than the average quality threshold. In some aspects, the lowest or lower quality may be lower than the average quality threshold.

[0095] At 704, the UE may receive downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure. For example, 704 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. The UE may receive downlink communications from a network entity based on the modulation selection procedure. In some aspects, the downlink communications may be demodulated based on at least the first modulation and the second modulation.

[0096] Figure 8 800 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (eg, UE 104; device 904). The method may allow the UE to receive downlink communications based on a modulation selection procedure.

[0097] At 802, the UE may send a CSF report. For example, 802 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. The UE may send the CSF report to the network entity. The CSF report may include an indication identifying a first subset of REs in the RB set having the highest quality and a second subset of REs in the RB set having the lowest quality. In some aspects, the CSF report may be based on at least one of a CSI-RS or a DMRS measured at the UE.

[0098] At 804, the UE may select one or more REs from the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for a modulation selection procedure. For example, 804 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. The UE may select one or more REs from the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for the modulation selection procedure based at least on the CSF report. In some aspects, the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure may be related to an allocation of a total number of REs, or based on a percentage amount of a total number of REs.

[0099] At 806, the UE may send an SRS. For example, 806 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. The UE may send the SRS to the network entity. The UE may send the SRS to allow estimation of a downlink channel. The UE may send the SRS to allow estimation of a downlink channel based on channel reciprocity between an uplink channel and a downlink channel between the UE and the network entity.

[0100] At 808, the UE may estimate the downlink channel and the location of the first RE subset or the second RE subset for the modulation selection procedure. For example, 808 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. In some aspects, the estimation of the downlink channel may be based on the DMRS or CSI-RS measured at the UE.

[0101] At 810, the UE may receive an activation indication of a modulation selection procedure and a set of REs for the modulation selection procedure. For example, 810 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. The UE may receive an activation indication from a network entity. The activation indication may indicate a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the set of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the set of REs. The first subset of REs may have a higher quality than the second subset of REs. In some aspects, the first subset of REs may have a higher quality than other REs within the set of REs. In some aspects, the second subset of REs may have the lowest quality compared to other REs within the set of REs. In some aspects, the activation indication indicating the activation of the modulation selection procedure may be received via a radio resource control (RRC), a downlink control information (DCI), or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE). In some aspects, the first modulation may be greater than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the first modulation may include 64QAM or 32QAM, and the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM. In some aspects, the second modulation may be less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the second modulation may include 8QAM or 4QAM, and the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM. In some aspects, the first modulation and the second modulation may be different from the modulation indicated in the DCI associated with the downlink communication. In some aspects, the first RE subset with the highest or higher quality or the second RE subset with the lowest or lower quality may be based on the average quality of all REs in one or more RBs. The lowest or lower quality or the highest or higher quality may be based on a threshold. In some aspects, the highest or higher quality may be higher than the average quality threshold. In some aspects, the lowest or lower quality may be lower than the average quality threshold.

[0102] At 812, the UE may receive downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure. For example, 812 may be performed by the activation component 198 of the device 904. The UE may receive downlink communications from a network entity based on the modulation selection procedure. In some aspects, the downlink communications may be demodulated based on at least the first modulation and the second modulation.

[0103] Fig. 9900 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 904. The apparatus 904 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 904 may include a cellular baseband processor 924 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 922 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 924 may include on-chip memory 924'. In some aspects, the apparatus 904 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 920 and an application processor 906 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 908 and a screen 910. The application processor 906 may include on-chip memory 906'. In some aspects, the device 904 may also include a Bluetooth module 912, a WLAN module 914, an SPS module 916 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 918 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 926, a power source 930, and / or a camera 932. The Bluetooth module 912, the WLAN module 914, and the SPS module 916 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 912, the WLAN module 914, and the SPS module 916 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using an antenna 980. The cellular baseband processor 924 communicates with the UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with the network entity 902 through the transceiver 922 via one or more antennas 980. The cellular baseband processor 924 and the application processor 906 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 924', 906', respectively. The additional memory module 926 may also be considered as a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 924', 906', 926 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 924 and the application processor 906 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium / memory. The software enables the cellular baseband processor 924 / application processor 906 to perform the various functions described above when executed by the cellular baseband processor 924 / application processor 906. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 924 / application processor 906 when executing the software. The cellular baseband processor 924 / application processor 906 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368 , the RX processor 356 , and the controller / processor 359 .In one configuration, the device 904 may be a processor chip (modem and / or applications) and include only the cellular baseband processor 924 and / or the application processor 906, while in another configuration, the device 904 may be an entire UE (eg, see. Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 904.

[0104] As discussed above, component 198 is configured to receive an activation indication indicating activation of a modulation selection procedure and a set of resource elements (REs) for the modulation selection procedure, the activation indication indicating a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the set of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the set of REs, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and receive downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure. Component 198 may be within cellular baseband processor 924, application processor 906, or both cellular baseband processor 924 and application processor 906. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, device 904 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 904 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 924 and / or the application processor 906) includes a component for receiving an activation indication indicating activation of a modulation selection procedure and a set of REs for the modulation selection procedure. The activation indication indicates a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the set of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the set of REs. The first subset of REs has a higher quality than the second subset of REs. The device includes a component for receiving downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure. The device also includes a component for sending a channel state feedback (CSF) report, which includes an indication identifying a first subset of REs with the highest quality in a set of RBs and a second subset of REs with the lowest quality in a set of RBs. The device also includes a component for selecting one or more REs from the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for the modulation selection procedure based at least on the CSF report. The device also includes a component for sending an SRS to allow estimation of a downlink channel based on channel reciprocity between an uplink channel and a downlink channel. The apparatus also includes a means for estimating a downlink channel and a location of a first RE subset or a second RE subset for a modulation selection procedure. The means may be a component 198 of the apparatus 904 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the apparatus 904 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and / or a controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0105] Fig.101000 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102; network entity 1202). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow a network entity to send downlink communications using a modulation selection procedure.

[0106] At 1002, the network entity may determine to activate a modulation selection procedure. For example, 1002 may be performed by the selection component 199 of the network entity 1202. In some aspects, the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure is based on a CSF report from the UE.

[0107] At 1004, the network entity may allocate a set of REs for a modulation selection procedure. For example, 1004 may be performed by the selection component 199 of the network entity 1202. In response to the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs may include a first subset of REs within the set of REs having a first modulation and a second subset of REs within the set of REs having a second modulation. The first modulation may have a higher modulation rate than the second modulation. The first subset of REs may have a higher quality than the second subset of REs. In some aspects, the first subset of REs may have a higher quality than other REs within the set of REs. In some aspects, the second subset of REs may have the lowest quality compared to other REs within the set of REs. In some aspects, the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure may be related to the allocation of the total number of REs, or based on a percentage amount of the total number of REs. In some aspects, the first modulation may be greater than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the first modulation may include 64QAM or 32QAM, and the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM. In some aspects, the second modulation may be less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the second modulation may include 8QAM or 4QAM, while the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM.In some aspects, the first modulation and the second modulation may be different than the modulation indicated in the DCI associated with the downlink communication.

[0108] At 1006, the network entity may send a downlink communication based on the modulation selection procedure. For example, 1006 may be performed by the selection component 199 of the network entity 1202. The network entity may send a downlink communication to the UE based on the modulation selection procedure.

[0109] Fig.11 1100 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102; network entity 1202). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow a network entity to send downlink communications using a modulation selection procedure.

[0110] At 1102, the network entity may obtain a CSF report. For example, 1102 may be performed by the selection component 199 of the network entity 1202. The network entity may obtain a CSF report from the UE. The CSF report may include an indication identifying a first subset of REs in the RB set having the highest quality and a second subset of REs in the RB set having the lowest quality. In some aspects, the CSF report may be based on at least one of a CSI-RS or a DMRS measured at the UE. In some aspects, a set of REs for a modulation selection procedure may be based on the CSF report.

[0111] At 1104, the network entity may acquire the SRS. For example, 1104 may be performed by the selection component 199 of the network entity 1202. The network entity may acquire the SRS from the UE. The network entity acquiring the SRS may allow the downlink channel to be estimated based on channel reciprocity between the uplink channel and the downlink channel between the UE and the network entity.

[0112] At 1106, the network entity may estimate a downlink channel and a location of the first RE subset or the second RE subset for a modulation selection procedure. For example, 1106 may be performed by selection component 199 of network entity 1202. In some aspects, the estimation of the downlink channel is based on an SRS received at the network entity.

[0113] At 1108, the network entity may determine to activate a modulation selection procedure. For example, 1108 may be performed by selection component 199 of network entity 1202. In some aspects, the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure is based on a CSF report from the UE.

[0114] At 1110, the network entity may provide an activation indication indicating that the modulation selection procedure is activated. For example, 1110 may be performed by the selection component 199 of the network entity 1202. The activation indication may indicate a first modulation for a first subset of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs. In some aspects, the activation indication is provided via RRC, DCI, or MAC-CE.

[0115] At 1112, the network entity may allocate a set of REs for a modulation selection procedure. For example, 1112 may be performed by the selection component 199 of the network entity 1202. In response to the determination of activating the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs may include a first subset of REs within the set of REs having a first modulation and a second subset of REs within the set of REs having a second modulation. The first modulation may have a higher modulation rate than the second modulation. The first subset of REs may have a higher quality than the second subset of REs. In some aspects, the first subset of REs may have a higher quality than other REs within the set of REs. In some aspects, the second subset of REs may have the lowest quality compared to other REs within the set of REs. In some aspects, the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure may be related to the allocation of the total number of REs, or based on a percentage amount of the total number of REs. In some aspects, the first modulation may be greater than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the first modulation may include 64QAM or 32QAM, and the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM. In some aspects, the second modulation may be less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot. For example, the second modulation may include 8QAM or 4QAM, while the MCS indicated in the DCI may include 16QAM.In some aspects, the first modulation and the second modulation may be different than the modulation indicated in the DCI associated with the downlink communication.

[0116] At 1114, the network entity may send a downlink communication based on the modulation selection procedure. For example, 1114 may be performed by the selection component 199 of the network entity 1202. The network entity may send a downlink communication to the UE based on the modulation selection procedure.

[0117] Fig.121200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1202. The network entity 1202 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 1202 may include at least one of a CU 1210, a DU 1230, or a RU 1240. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the component 199, the network entity 1202 may include a CU 1210; both a CU 1210 and a DU 1230; each of the CU 1210, the DU 1230, and the RU 1240; the DU 1230; both a DU 1230 and a RU 1240; or a RU 1240. The CU 1210 may include a CU processor 1212. The CU processor 1212 may include an on-chip memory 1212'. In some aspects, the CU 1210 may also include an additional memory module 1214 and a communication interface 1218. CU 1210 communicates with DU 1230 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. DU 1230 may include a DU processor 1232. DU processor 1232 may include on-chip memory 1232'. In some aspects, DU 1230 may also include an additional memory module 1234 and a communication interface 1238. DU 1230 communicates with RU 1240 via a fronthaul link. RU 1240 may include a RU processor 1242. RU processor 1242 may include on-chip memory 1242'. In some aspects, RU 1240 may also include an additional memory module 1244, one or more transceivers 1246, an antenna 1280, and a communication interface 1248. RU 1240 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memory 1212', 1232', 1242' and additional memory modules 1214, 1234, 1244 can each be considered as a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each processor in processors 1212, 1232, 1242 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, enables the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0118] As discussed above, component 199 is configured to determine to activate a modulation selection procedure; in response to the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, allocate a set of resource elements (REs) for the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs including a first subset of REs having a first modulation within the set of REs and a second subset of REs having a second modulation within the set of REs, the first modulation having a higher modulation rate than the second modulation, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and send downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure. Component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1210, DU 1230, and RU 1240. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1202 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1202 includes a component for determining to activate a modulation selection procedure. The network entity includes a component for allocating a set of REs for a modulation selection procedure. In response to a determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs includes a first subset of REs within the set of REs having a first modulation and a second subset of REs within the set of REs having a second modulation, the first modulation having a higher modulation rate than the second modulation, and the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs. The network entity includes a component for sending downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure. The network entity also includes a component for providing an activation indication indicating that the modulation selection procedure is activated. The activation indication indicates the first modulation for the first subset of REs and the second modulation for the second subset of REs. The network entity also includes a component for obtaining a CSF report, the CSF report including an indication identifying a first subset of REs with the highest quality in the set of RBs and a second subset of REs with the lowest quality in the set of RBs. The network entity also includes a component for obtaining an SRS to allow estimation of a downlink channel based on channel reciprocity between an uplink channel and a downlink channel. The network entity also includes a component for estimating a downlink channel and a location of the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for the modulation selection procedure. The means may be a component 199 of the network entity 1202 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 1202 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0119] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of each block in a sample order and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0120] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when ......" and "while" do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases (such as "when ......") do not mean an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the conditions are met, then the action will occur, but no specific or immediate time limit is required for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having advantages over other aspects. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, wherein the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from the second device or sends data to the second device, data can be directly received / sent between the first device and the second device, or indirectly received / sent between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described in this disclosure that are known or will be known later to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device" cannot replace the word "component". Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a component plus function unless the element is explicitly recorded using the phrase "component for..."

[0121] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0122] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0123] Aspect 1 is a method for performing wireless communications at a UE, the method comprising: receiving an activation indication indicating activation of a modulation selection procedure and a set of REs for the modulation selection procedure, the activation indication indicating a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the RE set and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the RE set, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and receiving downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure.

[0124] Aspect 2 is a method according to Aspect 1, the method also including sending a CSF report, the CSF report including an indication identifying the first RE subset with the highest quality in the RB set and the second RE subset with the lowest quality in the RB set; and selecting one or more REs from the first RE subset or the second RE subset for the modulation selection procedure based at least on the CSF report.

[0125] Aspect 3 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 and 2, the method further comprising: the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure is related to the allocation of the total number of REs, or is based on a percentage amount of the total number of REs.

[0126] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, the method further comprising: the CSF report is based on at least one of a CSI-RS or a DMRS measured at the UE.

[0127] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method further comprising: sending a sounding reference signal (SRS) to allow estimation of the downlink channel based on channel reciprocity between the uplink channel and the downlink channel; and estimating the downlink channel and the position of the first RE subset or the second RE subset used for the modulation selection procedure.

[0128] Aspect 6 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising: the estimation of the downlink channel is based on a DMRS or CSI-RS measured at the UE.

[0129] Aspect 7 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, the method further comprising: the activation indication indicating the activation of the modulation selection procedure is RRC, DCI or MAC-CE.

[0130] Aspect 8 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising: the first modulation is greater than an MCS indicated for a current time slot, wherein the second modulation is less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot.

[0131] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: the first modulation and the second modulation are different from the modulation indicated in the DCI associated with the downlink communication.

[0132] Aspect 10 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: the first subset of REs having the higher quality or the second subset of REs having the lower quality is based on an average quality of all the REs within one or more RBs.

[0133] Aspect 11 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, the method further comprising: the lower quality or the higher quality is based on a threshold, wherein the higher quality is higher than the average quality by the threshold, and the lower quality is lower than the average quality by the threshold.

[0134] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, the method further comprising: the downlink communication is based on the first modulation and the second modulation and demodulation.

[0135] Aspect 13 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory and at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0136] Aspect 14 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0137] Aspect 15 is a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0138] Aspect 16 is a wireless method for performing wireless communications at a network entity, the method comprising: determining to activate a modulation selection procedure; in response to the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, allocating a set of REs for the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs comprising a first subset of REs within the set of REs having a first modulation and a second subset of REs within the set of REs having a second modulation, the first modulation having a higher modulation rate than the second modulation, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and sending downlink communications based on the modulation selection procedure.

[0139] Aspect 17 is a method according to aspect 16, the method further comprising: providing an activation indication indicating that the modulation selection procedure is activated, the activation indication indicating the first modulation used for the first RE subset and the second modulation used for the second RE subset.

[0140] Aspect 18 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 and 17, the method further comprising: the activation indication is provided via RRC, DCI or MAC-CE.

[0141] Aspect 19 is a method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 18, the method further comprising: obtaining a CSF report, the CSF report including an indication of identifying the first RE subset with the highest quality in the RB set and the second RE subset with the lowest quality in the RB set.

[0142] Aspect 20 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 19, the method further comprising: the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure is based on the CSF report.

[0143] Aspect 21 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 20, the method further comprising: the CSF report is based on at least one of a CSI-RS or a DMRS measured at a UE.

[0144] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 21, the method further comprising: the set of REs used for the modulation selection procedure is based on the CSF report.

[0145] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 22, the method further comprising: obtaining an SRS to allow estimation of the downlink channel based on channel reciprocity between an uplink channel and a downlink channel; and estimating the downlink channel and the position of the first RE subset or the second RE subset used for the modulation selection procedure.

[0146] Aspect 24 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 23, the method further comprising: the estimation of the downlink channel is based on an SRS received at the network entity.

[0147] Aspect 25 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 24, the method further comprising: the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure is related to the allocation of the total number of REs, or is based on a percentage amount of the total number of REs.

[0148] Aspect 26 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 25, the method further comprising: the first modulation is greater than the MCS indicated for the current time slot, wherein the second modulation is less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot.

[0149] Aspect 27 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 26, the method also including: the first modulation and the second modulation are different from the modulation indicated in the DCI associated with the downlink communication.

[0150] Aspect 28 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory and at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to implement any one of aspects 16 to 27.

[0151] Aspect 29 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 16 to 27.

[0152] Aspect 30 is a computer readable medium storing computer executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 16 to 27.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: receiving an activation indication indicating activation of a modulation selection procedure and a set of resource elements (REs) for the modulation selection procedure, the activation indication indicating a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the set of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the set of REs, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and Downlink communications are received based on the modulation selection procedure. 2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: sending a channel state feedback (CSF) report, the channel state feedback (CSF) report including an indication identifying the first subset of resource blocks (RBs) in a set of REs having the highest quality and the second subset of REs in the set of RBs having the lowest quality; and One or more REs are selected from the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for the modulation selection procedure based at least on the CSF report.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure is related to an allocation of a total number of REs, or is based on a percentage amount of the total number of REs.

5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the CSF report is based on at least one of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) measured at the UE.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) to allow estimation of an uplink channel and a downlink channel based on channel reciprocity between the uplink channel and the downlink channel; and The downlink channel and a location of the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for the modulation selection procedure are estimated.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the estimate of the downlink channel is based on a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) measured at the UE.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the activation indication indicating the activation of the modulation selection procedure is received via a radio resource control (RRC), downlink control information (DCI), or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE).

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first modulation is greater than an MCS indicated for a current time slot, wherein the second modulation is less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first modulation and the second modulation are different than a modulation indicated in downlink control information (DCI) associated with the downlink communication.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first subset of REs having the higher quality or the second subset of REs having the lower quality is based on an average quality of all of the REs within one or more RBs. 12 . The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the lower quality or the higher quality is based on a threshold, wherein the higher quality is higher than the average quality by the threshold, and the lower quality is lower than the average quality by the threshold.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the downlink communication is based on the first modulation and the second modulation.

14. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving an activation indication indicating activation of a modulation selection procedure and a set of resource elements (REs) for the modulation selection procedure, the activation indication indicating a first modulation for a first subset of REs within the set of REs and a second modulation for a second subset of REs within the set of REs, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and Downlink communications are received based on the modulation selection procedure.

15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: sending a channel state feedback (CSF) report, the channel state feedback (CSF) report including an indication identifying the first subset of resource blocks (RBs) in a set of REs having the highest quality and the second subset of REs in the set of RBs having the lowest quality; as well as One or more REs are selected from the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for the modulation selection procedure based at least on the CSF report.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: determining an activation modulation selection procedure; In response to a determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, allocating a set of resource elements (REs) for the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs comprising a first subset of REs within the set of REs having a first modulation and a second subset of REs within the set of REs having a second modulation, the first modulation having a higher modulation rate than the second modulation, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and Downlink communications are sent based on the modulation selection procedure.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: An activation indication is provided indicating that the modulation selection procedure is activated, the activation indication indicating the first modulation for the first subset of REs and the second modulation for the second subset of REs.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the activation indication is provided via a radio resource control (RRC), downlink control information (DCI), or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE).

20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A channel state feedback (CSF) report is obtained, the channel state feedback (CSF) report including an indication identifying the first subset of resource blocks (RBs) in a set of REs having the highest quality and the second subset of REs in the set of RBs having the lowest quality.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the determination to activate the modulation selection procedure is based on the CSF report.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the CSF report is based on at least one of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) measured at a user equipment (UE).

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the set of REs used for the modulation selection procedure is based on the CSF report.

24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: acquiring a sounding reference signal (SRS) to allow estimation of an uplink channel based on channel reciprocity between the uplink channel and a downlink channel; and The downlink channel and a location of the first subset of REs or the second subset of REs for the modulation selection procedure are estimated.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the estimate of the downlink channel is based on an SRS received at the network entity.

26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the number of REs selected for the modulation selection procedure is related to an allocation of a total number of REs or is based on a percentage amount of the total number of REs.

27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first modulation is greater than an MCS indicated for a current time slot, wherein the second modulation is less than the MCS indicated for the current time slot.

28. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first modulation and the second modulation are different than a modulation indicated in a DCI associated with the downlink communication.

29. A method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: determining an activation modulation selection procedure; In response to a determination to activate the modulation selection procedure, allocating a set of resource elements (REs) for the modulation selection procedure, the set of REs comprising a first subset of REs within the set of REs having a first modulation and a second subset of REs within the set of REs having a second modulation, the first modulation having a higher modulation rate than the second modulation, the first subset of REs having a higher quality than the second subset of REs; and Downlink communications are sent based on the modulation selection procedure.

30. The method according to claim 29, further comprising: An activation indication is provided indicating that the modulation selection procedure is activated, the activation indication indicating the first modulation for the first subset of REs and the second modulation for the second subset of REs.

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