Open-type TBM self-stepping method

Abstract

The invention discloses an open-type TBM automatic stepping method, and relates to the technical field of TBM equipment stepping, the stepping method comprises the following steps: main body advancing: putting down a saddle support leg, lifting a rear support, tightly jacking one end of a bottom segment by an auxiliary pushing oil cylinder, continuously extending the auxiliary pushing oil cylinder, following a main pushing oil cylinder, fixing a saddle support assembly at the moment, and moving the main pushing oil cylinder; the main body slides forwards relative to the saddle support assembly; after the auxiliary pushing oil cylinder pushes the main body to advance by a set stroke, the saddle supporting legs are withdrawn, the rear support is put down, then the auxiliary pushing oil cylinder and the main pushing oil cylinder are withdrawn, and the main pushing oil cylinder drives the saddle supporting assembly to move forwards; installing a bottom segment in the stepping process: continuing to assemble a new bottom segment at the front end of the bottom segment; a stepping cycle is formed by the main body advancing step, the saddle support assembly advancing step and the bottom segment mounting step in the stepping process. The stepping efficiency can be improved, and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of TBM equipment stepping, and in particular to a self-propelled stepping method for an open TBM. Background Art

[0002] TBM stepping means that the equipment moves forward when the TBM is unloaded (the cutterhead does not cut the face). In the existing technology, the conventional way of TBM stepping is to prepare the stepping groove in advance at the construction site (with a guide groove reserved in the middle of the stepping groove), and then use the "stepping device + sliding plate" method to step after the TBM is in place. This stepping device is mainly composed of a stepping pump station, a sliding plate (a positioning pin is fixed under the sliding plate, and the positioning pin moves in the guide groove. At the same time, there is a horizontal stepping cylinder at the rear end of the sliding plate, and 3 lifting cylinders on each side), a support frame (including 4 vertical cylinders), etc. The contact position between the sliding plate and the TBM cutterhead and shield is designed as an arc-shaped steel plate. The bottom of the sliding plate is provided with a positioning pin. The entire sliding plate can be moved forward longitudinally on the positioning groove through a horizontal stepping cylinder.

[0003] The specific steps are as follows:

[0004] 1) The TBM cutterhead and shield are placed on the sliding plate. The horizontal stepping cylinder installed at the rear end of the sliding plate presses the saddle frame support assembly tightly. The saddle frame support assembly presses the ground with its own four vertical cylinders and presses the inner wall of the starting tunnel with the support shoe to provide stepping reaction force. The main push cylinder moves with the movement, retracts the rear support, and extends the horizontal stepping cylinder to move the TBM cutterhead and shield forward on the sliding plate. At the same time, the rear follower moves forward together. At this time, the whole TBM slides forward relative to the saddle frame support assembly;

[0005] 2) The stroke of the horizontal stepping cylinder is generally 1.8m. After the TBM moves forward for a stroke (1.8m), the saddle frame support leg, i.e. the vertical cylinder, is lifted, the rear support is lowered, the main push cylinder and the horizontal stepping cylinder are retracted, and the step-changing operation is completed;

[0006] 3) After the step change is completed, lower the saddle support legs, retract the rear support, use the lifting cylinder to support the TBM cutter head and shield, and use the horizontal stepping cylinder to move the sliding plate forward longitudinally (at this time, the positioning pin under the sliding plate has been moving forward in the guide groove, playing a positioning role). After the sliding plate moves into place, retract the lifting cylinder to make the TBM cutter head and shield fall on the sliding plate again, ready for the next cycle of stepping, and repeat this process to complete the entire stepping operation.

[0007] However, the conventional stepping method mentioned above has the following defects: 1. It is necessary to purchase molds for gate-type inverted arch blocks in advance and prefabricate a considerable number of gate-type inverted arch blocks in advance (gate-type inverted arch blocks are only used in the stepping stage) or adopt a stepping method with supporting parts after elevation. 2. Each stepping cycle of the TBM adds two processes, lifting and lowering, which increases the construction safety risk, and the stepping time of each cycle is relatively long. 3. The stepping device needs to be removed after stepping into place. 4. When the TBM is initially excavating, the support shoes on it need to be tightened against the inner wall of the cavern to provide excavation reaction force. However, the diameter of the expanded cavern is too large, and the hydraulic stroke of the equipment support shoes cannot reach the rock wall, so it is necessary to pre-set a starting cavern. The size of the starting cavern is smaller than the expanded cavern, but larger than the excavation cavern, which increases the construction process steps. Therefore, the stepping scheme in the prior art increases the cost and is inefficient. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an open TBM self-advancing method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, improve the advancing efficiency and reduce the cost.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides an open TBM self-advancing method, comprising:

[0011] Making an arc guide table: Make an arc guide table on the stepping path of the equipment, with the arc surface of the arc guide table facing upwards;

[0012] Initial installation of the bottom segment: installing the bottom segment on the arc-shaped guide platform at the rear end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder;

[0013] The main body moves forward: the saddle frame support legs are lowered, the rear support is raised, the auxiliary push cylinder presses against one end of the bottom pipe segment, the auxiliary push cylinder continues to extend, and the main push cylinder moves with it. At this time, the saddle frame support assembly is fixed, and the main body slides forward relative to the saddle frame support assembly;

[0014] The saddle frame support assembly moves forward: after the auxiliary push oil cylinder pushes the main body forward for a set stroke, the saddle frame support legs are retracted, the rear support is lowered, and then the auxiliary push oil cylinder and the main push oil cylinder are retracted, and the main push oil cylinder drives the saddle frame support assembly to move forward;

[0015] Installing the bottom segment during the stepping process: continuing to assemble a new bottom segment at the front end of the bottom segment;

[0016] The main body advancing step, the saddle support assembly advancing step and the bottom pipe segment installing step during the stepping process form a stepping cycle.

[0017] Preferably, in the main body forward movement step, the forward sliding stroke of the main body relative to the saddle support assembly is an integer multiple of the length of the bottom pipe segment.

[0018] Preferably, the step of installing the bottom segment during the stepping process further includes installing a prefabricated invert block on the bottom segment behind the rear support to form a complete invert.

[0019] Preferably, the above stepping cycle is repeated until the device steps to the starting position.

[0020] Preferably, the surface of the arc-shaped guide platform is provided with an embedded rail, and the embedded rail is used to contact the shield.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0022] 1. Since the bottom segments and prefabricated invert blocks are also needed in the TBM tunnel, the existing production lines or equipment can be directly used to produce the bottom segments and prefabricated invert blocks, without adding door-type invert molds or raising them to match.

[0023] 2. The auxiliary push cylinder pushes the bottom pipe segment, and the bottom pipe segment provides reaction force for stepping. After the stepping is completed, there is no need to lift the cutter head and shield and then pull off the sliding plate, thus saving a lot of stepping time.

[0024] 3. The auxiliary thrust cylinder is a propulsion system for the open TBM equipment, thus reducing one set of stepping devices.

[0025] 4. The curved guide platform is cast as a whole, and the TBM is highly safe when moving on the curved guide platform.

[0026] 5. The method provided by the present invention can be used to carry out excavation directly in the expanded cavern, and the bottom pipe segment provides a supporting reaction force for excavation. There is no need for support shoes to hold the inner wall of the cavern tightly, and there is no need to set up an additional starting cavern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the implementation of the open TBM self-advancing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A real-life view of an arc-shaped guide platform in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom tube segment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the bottom segment and the prefabricated invert block are combined in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the traditional step-by-step method in the prior art;

[0033] In the figure: 1- auxiliary thrust cylinder; 2- embedded rail; 3- bottom segment; 4- saddle support assembly; 5- rear support; 6- prefabricated invert block; 7- main body; 8- cutterhead.

[0034] 101-sliding plate; 102-lifting cylinder; 103-horizontal stepping cylinder; 104-saddle support assembly in the prior art; 105-rear support in the prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the bottom pipe segment and combined invert arch, during the construction of the open TBM in the prior art, the volume of the invert arch block in the prior art is too large to meet the requirements of transportation at the front end of the TBM. Therefore, the support position is usually relatively backward to avoid the part with small front transportation space. However, when excavating in poor geology, collapse is likely to occur if support is not provided in time, which poses a great risk to construction safety. Taking this defect into consideration, the following solution is provided in the relevant technology to solve it.

[0038] A combined inverted arch is provided in the related art, such as Figure 3-4As shown, it includes: bottom segments and prefabricated inverted arch blocks, and the bottom segments are used to support the inner wall of the tunnel with the supporting segments at the front end of the TBM to form an annular support structure. This related technology splits the original inverted arch into two parts, namely, the prefabricated inverted arch block and the bottom segments. The size of the bottom segments can meet the bottom transportation space requirements of the front end of the TBM, so that the inner wall of the tunnel can be supported at the front end of the TBM to form an annular support structure. The bottom segments can provide excavation reaction force for the TBM and provide a base for the annular support structure, realizing timely follow-up of the excavation face support technology, and the prefabricated inverted arch blocks can be assembled according to the conventional assembly progress. There are many ways to divide the inverted arch into prefabricated inverted arch blocks and bottom segments. In some embodiments, the bottom segments are arc-shaped plates, and the prefabricated inverted arch blocks are arched columns. The curved surface of the prefabricated inverted arch blocks is used to fit with the inner surface of the bottom segments to form a complete inverted arch.

[0039] Based on the above related technologies, another related technology provides a high-performance open TBM, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a main body and components thereon, wherein the components include an auxiliary thrust cylinder arranged at the front end of the main body, the auxiliary thrust cylinder is used to press against one end of the bottom segment and provide a supporting reaction force with the bottom segment to drive the main body to advance. It can be understood that the high-performance open TBM provided in the related art is provided with an auxiliary thrust cylinder, and the bottom segment and prefabricated invert blocks need to be laid in the tunnel. Based on this high-performance open TBM, the inventor has designed a new stepping method to adapt the high-performance open TBM in the related art to improve its stepping efficiency and reduce costs.

[0040] The present invention provides an open TBM self-propelled advancing method, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, including:

[0041] Making an arc guide table: Make an arc guide table on the stepping path of the equipment, with the arc surface of the arc guide table facing upwards;

[0042] Initial installation of the bottom segment 3: Install the bottom segment 3 on the arc-shaped guide platform at the rear end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder 1;

[0043] The main body 7 moves forward: the saddle frame support legs are lowered, the rear support 5 is lifted, the auxiliary push cylinder 1 presses against one end of the bottom pipe segment 3, the auxiliary push cylinder 1 continues to extend, and the main push cylinder moves with it. At this time, the saddle frame support assembly 4 is fixed, and the main body 7 slides forward relative to the saddle frame support assembly 4; the main body 7 includes a main beam, a cutter head 8 and a shield;

[0044] The saddle frame support assembly 4 moves forward: after the auxiliary push cylinder 1 pushes the main body 7 forward for the set stroke, the saddle frame support legs are retracted, the rear support 5 is lowered, and then the auxiliary push cylinder 1 and the main push cylinder are retracted, and the main push cylinder drives the saddle frame support assembly 4 to move forward;

[0045] Installing the bottom segment 3 during the stepping process: continuing to assemble a new bottom segment 3 at the front end of the bottom segment 3;

[0046] The above-mentioned steps of advancing the main body 7, advancing the saddle support assembly 4 and installing the bottom pipe segment 3 during the stepping process form a stepping cycle.

[0047] Repeat the above stepping cycle until the device steps to the starting position.

[0048] The embodiment of the present invention has the following effects. First, since the bottom segment 3 is also needed in the TBM tunnel, the bottom segment 3 in the embodiment of the present invention can be directly produced by the existing production line or equipment, without adding a gate-type invert mold or raising it to match.

[0049] Second, the auxiliary thrust cylinder 1 is used to push the bottom segment 3, and the bottom segment 3 provides a reaction force for the stepping. After the stepping is completed, there is no need to lift the cutter head 8 and the shield and then pull off the sliding plate, thereby saving a lot of stepping time.

[0050] Third, the auxiliary thrust cylinder 1 is an open TBM device with its own propulsion system, thereby reducing a set of stepping devices.

[0051] Fourth, the curved guide platform is cast as a whole, and the TBM is highly safe when moving on the curved guide platform.

[0052] Fifth, the method provided by the present invention can be used to carry out excavation directly in the expanded cavern, and the bottom pipe segment provides a supporting reaction force for excavation. There is no need for support shoes to hold the inner wall of the cavern tightly, and there is no need to set up an additional starting cavern.

[0053] In some embodiments, in the step of advancing the main body 7 , the forward sliding stroke of the main body 7 relative to the saddle support assembly 4 is an integer multiple of the length of the bottom pipe segment 3 .

[0054] This embodiment facilitates the installation of the bottom segment 3 after each step is completed. In a preferred embodiment, the length of the bottom segment 3 is 0.9 meters. Therefore, each step can be 0.9 meters, 1.8 meters, etc., and the preferred embodiment of the present invention is 0.9 meters.

[0055] In some embodiments, the step of installing the bottom segment 3 during the stepping process further includes installing a prefabricated invert block 6 on the bottom segment 3 behind the rear support 5 to form a complete invert.

[0056] In some embodiments, the bottom segment 3 is a part of a combined invert, specifically, Figure 3-4As shown, the combined inverted arch includes: a prefabricated inverted arch block 6 and a bottom segment 3; the bottom segment 3 is used to support the inner wall of the tunnel at the front end section of the TBM together with the supporting segment to form an annular supporting structure. Preferably, the bottom segment 3 is an arc-shaped plate, the prefabricated inverted arch block 6 is an arched column, and the curved surface of the prefabricated inverted arch block 6 is used to fit with the inner surface of the bottom segment 3 to form a complete inverted arch. Preferably, the bottom segment 3 includes a concrete core and a steel shell, and the concrete core is made of concrete poured in the steel shell.

[0057] The open TBM described in the present invention comprises an auxiliary thrust cylinder 1, the cylinder body of which is connected to the front end of the main beam, the cutter head 8 or the shield, and the piston of which extends horizontally toward the rear.

[0058] In some embodiments, a pre-embedded rail 2 is provided on the surface of the arc-shaped guide platform, and the pre-embedded rail 2 is used to contact the shield to reduce friction.

[0059] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the traditional stepping method in the related art.

[0060] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-propelled advancing method for an open TBM, characterized in that: include: Making an arc guide table: Make an arc guide table on the stepping path of the equipment, with the arc surface of the arc guide table facing upwards; Initial installation of the bottom segment: installing the bottom segment on the arc-shaped guide platform at the rear end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder; The main body moves forward: the saddle frame support legs are lowered, the rear support is raised, the auxiliary push cylinder presses against one end of the bottom segment, the auxiliary push cylinder continues to extend, and the main push cylinder moves with it. At this time, the saddle frame support assembly is fixed, and the main body slides forward relative to the saddle frame support assembly. The main body includes the main beam, the cutter head and the shield; The saddle frame support assembly moves forward: after the auxiliary push oil cylinder pushes the main body forward for a set stroke, the saddle frame support legs are retracted, the rear support is lowered, and then the auxiliary push oil cylinder and the main push oil cylinder are retracted, and the main push oil cylinder drives the saddle frame support assembly to move forward; Installing the bottom segment during the stepping process: continuing to assemble a new bottom segment at the front end of the bottom segment; The main body advancing step, the saddle support assembly advancing step and the bottom pipe segment installing step during the stepping process form a stepping cycle.

2. The open TBM self-propelled advancing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the main body advancing step, the forward sliding stroke of the main body relative to the saddle frame support assembly is an integral multiple of the length of the bottom pipe segment.

3. The open TBM self-propelled advancing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of installing the bottom segments during the stepping process also includes installing prefabricated invert blocks on the bottom segments behind the rear support to form a complete invert.

4. The open TBM self-propelled advancing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Repeat the above stepping cycle until the device steps to the starting position.

5. The open TBM self-propelled advancing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the arc-shaped guide platform is provided with an embedded steel rail, and the embedded steel rail is used for contacting the shield.

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