Multi-tone, multi-frequency wake-up signaling

Abstract

The application relates to apparatus and components including apparatuses, systems, and methods for multi-tone, multi-frequency wake-up signaling.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 341,396, filed May 12, 2022, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 826,052, filed May 26, 2022. The application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of wireless networks, and in particular to multi-tone, multi-frequency wake-up signaling in such networks. Background Art

[0004] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specifications (TS) define standards for wireless networks. One area of ​​research used to develop these TS is managing power consumption in user equipment (UE). Efficient power management will allow the UE to power down inactive components and reactivate them only when needed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 A network environment according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0006] Figure 2 A wake-up signal according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0007] Figure 3 A wake-up signal according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0008] Figure 4 Another network environment according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0009] Figure 5 A set of tones configured with different spacings is illustrated according to some embodiments.

[0010] Figure 6 Wake-up opportunities according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0011] Figure 7 Another network environment according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0012] Figure 8 Wake-up opportunities according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0013] Fig. 9 Tone allocation according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0014] Fig.10 Additional tone allocations according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0015] Fig.11 Additional tone allocations according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0016] Fig.12 Signaling sequences according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0017] Fig.13 Spectrum allocation according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0018] Fig.14 An operational flow / algorithm structure according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0019] Fig.15 Another operational flow / algorithm structure according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0020] Fig.16 Another operational flow / algorithm structure according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0021] Fig.17 User equipment according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0022] Fig.18 A base station according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0023] Fig.19 is a graph illustrating wake-up signal tones and intermodulation distortion product tones according to some embodiments.

[0024] Fig. 20 is another graph illustrating wake-up signal tones and intermodulation distortion product tones according to some embodiments.

[0025] Fig.21 is another graph illustrating wake-up signal tones and intermodulation distortion product tones according to some embodiments.

[0026] Fig. 22 Another operational flow / algorithm structure according to some embodiments is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following specific embodiments relate to the accompanying drawings. The same figure numbers may be used to identify the same or similar elements in different drawings. In the following description, for the purpose of illustration and not limitation, specific details, such as specific structures, architectures, interfaces and technologies are described to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of various embodiments. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art who benefit from the present disclosure that various aspects of various embodiments can be practiced in other examples that deviate from these specific details. In some cases, the description of well-known equipment, circuits and methods is omitted so that the description of various embodiments will not be obscured by unnecessary details. For the purpose of this document, the phrases "A / B" and "A or B" refer to (A), (B) or (A and B).

[0028] The following is a glossary of terms that may be used in this disclosure.

[0029] The term "circuit" as used herein refers to the part of the hardware component configured to provide the described function or includes the hardware component.Hardware components may include electronic circuits, logic circuits, processors (shared, dedicated or group) or memories (shared, dedicated or group), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable devices (FPDs) (e.g., field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex PLDs (CPLDs), high-capacity PLDs (HCPLDs), structured ASICs or programmable systems on chip (SoCs)) or digital signal processors (DSPs).In some embodiments, circuits may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the functions.The term "circuit" may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements and a program code for performing the function of the program code (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system).In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a circuit of a specific type.

[0030] As used herein, the term "processor circuit" refers to, is part of, or includes a circuit capable of sequentially and automatically performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations or recording, storing, or transferring digital data. The term "processor circuit" may refer to an application processor, a baseband processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, and / or functional processes).

[0031] As used herein, the term "interface circuit" refers to, is a part of, or includes a circuit that enables information exchange between two or more components or devices. The term "interface circuit" may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, such as a bus, an I / O interface, a peripheral component interface, and a network interface card.

[0032] As used herein, the term "user equipment" or "UE" refers to a device with radio communication capabilities that can allow a user to access network resources in a communication network. The term "user equipment" or "UE" may be considered synonymous with the following and may be referred to as a client, mobile phone, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment or reconfigurable mobile device. In addition, the term "user equipment" or "UE" may include any type of wireless / wired device or any computing device that includes a wireless communication interface.

[0033] As used herein, the term "computer system" refers to any type of interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term "computer system" or "system" may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled to one another. Furthermore, the term "computer system" or "system" may refer to multiple computer devices or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled to one another and configured to share computing resources or networked resources.

[0034] As used herein, the term "resource" refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, or a physical or virtual component within a specific device, such as a computer device, a mechanical device, a memory space, a processor / CPU time, a processor / CPU usage rate, a processor and accelerator load, a hardware time or usage rate, a power supply, an input / output operation, a port or a network socket, a channel / link allocation, a throughput, a memory usage rate, a storage, a network, a database, and an application or a unit of workload. "Hardware resources" may refer to computing, storage, or network resources provided by physical hardware elements. "Virtualized resources" may refer to computing, storage, or network resources provided by a virtualized infrastructure to an application, device, or system. The term "network resources" or "communication resources" may refer to resources that can be accessed by a computer device / system via a communication network. The term "system resources" may refer to any kind of shared entity that provides a service, and may include computing resources or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects, or services that can be accessed through a server, wherein such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and can be clearly identified.

[0035] As used herein, the term "channel" refers to any tangible or intangible transmission medium for conveying data or data streams. The term "channel" may be synonymous or equivalent to "communication channel", "data communication channel", "transmission channel", "data transmission channel", "access channel", "data access channel", "link", "data link", "carrier", "radio frequency carrier" or any other similar term representing a path or medium through which data is transmitted. In addition, as used herein, the term "link" refers to a connection made between two devices for sending and receiving information.

[0036] As used herein, the terms "instantiate," "instantiate," and the like refer to the creation of an instance. "Instance" also refers to a specific occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during the execution of program code.

[0037] The term "connected" may mean that two or more elements at a common communication protocol layer have an established signaling relationship with each other through a communication channel, link, interface, or reference point.

[0038] As used herein, the term "network element" refers to physical or virtualized equipment or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term "network element" may be considered synonymous with or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, or virtualized network function.

[0039] The term "information element" refers to a structural element that contains one or more fields. The term "field" refers to the individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains the contents. An information element may include one or more additional information elements.

[0040] Figure 1 A network environment 100 according to some embodiments is illustrated. The network environment 100 may include a network device 104 and a UE 108. In some embodiments, the network device 104 may be a base station that provides one or more wireless access cells (e.g., new radio (NR) cells) through which the UE 108 can communicate with a cellular network. In other embodiments, the network device 104 may be another UE or other device that communicates with the UE 108.

[0041] UE 108 and network device 104 can communicate via an air interface compatible with fifth generation (5G) NR (or higher) system standards as provided by 3GPP technical specifications, for example. These air interfaces can be access links or side link interfaces.

[0042] UE 108 may include a radio resource control (RRC) state machine that performs operations associated with various RRC procedures, including, for example, paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection reconfiguration, and RRC connection release. The RRC state machine may be implemented by protocol processing circuitry (see, e.g., Fig.17 The processor 1704) is implemented.

[0043] The RRC state machine may transition the UE 108 to one of a variety of RRC states (or "modes"), including, for example, a connected state (RRC connected), an inactive state (RRC inactive), and an idle state (RRC idle). The UE 108 may start in RRC idle when camping on an NR cell for the first time, which may be after the UE 108 is turned on or after an inter-system cell reselection from a long term evolution (LTE) cell. In order to participate in active communications, the RRC state machine may transition the UE 108 from RRC idle to RRC connected by performing an RRC setup procedure to establish a logical connection, such as an RRC connection, with a base station. In an RRC connection, the UE 108 may be configured with at least one signaling radio bearer (SRB) for signaling (e.g., control messages) with a base station; and one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) for data transmission. When the UE 108 is less actively participating in network communications, the RRC state machine may use an RRC release procedure to transition the UE 108 from RRC connected to RRC inactive. The RRC inactive state may allow the UE 108 to reduce power consumption compared to an RRC connected, but will still allow the UE 108 to quickly transition back to an RRC connected to transfer application data or signaling messages.

[0044] The network may send a paging message to reach a UE in an RRC idle or RRC inactive state. In operation, most of the time UE 108 is powered on and will be in an idle or inactive state. During these states, UE 108 may spend a large amount of power to periodically monitor paging messages that may be rarely detected. Therefore, the embodiment describes a process for increasing the amount of time that UE 108 can keep its main components in a reduced power state and still be used to receive messages from the network in a timely manner as needed.

[0045] The UE 108 may include a primary component radio 112 that includes radio frequency (RF) and modulator / demodulator components configured to perform primary receive and transmit operations during communications with the network device 104. Fig.171700 of UE 108 discusses some of these receive / transmit operations in more detail. UE 108 may also include a wake-up (WU) receiver 116. WU receiver 116 may be a relatively low complexity receiver that is designed specifically to detect WU signals (WU-S) transmitted by network device 104. UE 108 may further include a driver 120 coupled to main component radio 112 and WU receiver 116.

[0046] In operation, the primary component radio 112 may receive configuration information from the network device 104 via the primary communication channel. In some embodiments, the configuration information may be exchanged between the UE 108 and the network device 104 as part of a WU configuration protocol. This configuration protocol may include an exchange of WU signaling settings. For example, the UE 108 may use the primary component radio 112 to send WU capability information about the UE 108. The capability information may include details of the operational capabilities of the WU receiver 116. In response, the network device 104 may provide the UE 108 with configuration information, including WU-S parameters. The UE 108 may use the primary component radio 112 to receive the configuration information.

[0047] The driver 120 may receive configuration information from the primary component radio 112 and provide the configuration information to the WU receiver 116. In this manner, the WU receiver 116 may be configured with WU-S parameters to facilitate detection of WU-S sent by the network device 104.

[0048] Providing configuration parameters to the primary component radio 112 may allow for a low-complexity design of the WU receivers 116 , as opposed to relying on over-the-air configuration between the WU receivers 116 .

[0049] When not engaged in receiving communications from the network device 104, the primary component radio 112 may transition to a reduced power state, and the UE 108 may activate the WU receiver 116. Upon detecting the WU-S, the WU receiver 116 may provide a trigger to the driver 120. The driver 120 may provide the trigger as a wake-up indication to the primary component radio 112. The primary component radio 112 may then power on to receive paging or other messages via the primary communication channel, and the WU receiver 116 may power off.

[0050] In the event that the network device 104 needs to update the WU configuration of the UE 108 while the primary component radio 112 is in a reduced power state, the UE 108 may send a WU-S to the WU receiver 116 to activate the primary component radio 112. Once the primary component radio 112 is activated, the network device 104 and the UE 108 may engage in the WU configuration protocol as described above.

[0051] Figure 2A WU-S 200 according to some embodiments is illustrated. The WU-S 200 may be a multi-tone, multi-frequency (PTPF) WU-S assigned to a UE 108. In some embodiments, the WU-S 200 may be assigned exclusively to a UE 108. In this case, the WU-S 200 may be used to wake up components of the UE 108 without waking up other UEs. In other embodiments, the WU-S 200 may be assigned to a group of UEs and may be used to wake up components on the group.

[0052] WU-S200 may include tones selected from M tone groups. Each tone group may have N tones. These tones may be distributed over a space equal to M*N*D f The total WU-S bandwidth, where D f is the distance between adjacent tones in the WU-S bandwidth.

[0053] As used herein, a tone may refer to a specific frequency. If the network device 104 provides energy on a tone, the tone may be referred to as a transmit (Tx) tone. If the network device 104 does not provide energy on a tone, the tone may be referred to as a non-Tx tone. If the network device 104 has a main transmitter that uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the network device 104 may use the main transmitter to generate WU-S 200. In some embodiments, the network device 104 may have a dedicated transmitter to generate WU-S 200.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown in , WU-S 200 may have Tx tones corresponding to the first tone of tone group 1, the fourth tone of tone group 2, and the first tone of tone group M. These Tx tones selected for a given WU-S may be evenly or non-evenly spaced depending on network availability.

[0055] In some embodiments, each device of the network may be configured with a unique WU sequence of M tones (e.g., one tone per tone group). Such configuration may be communicated to the WU devices via WU-S configuration parameters received via the primary component radio. When the first UE (UE1) powers down the receiver of its primary component radio, its WU receiver may monitor the first sequence, And when the second UE (UE2) powers down the receiver of its primary component radio, its WU receiver may monitor the second sequence,

[0056] The WU receiver may use various algorithms to detect the WU-S based on the corresponding WU sequence. For example, the WU receiver may have a digital signal processor (DSP) to implement the Goertzel algorithm to evaluate individual term discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) in order to detect the PTPF WU-S on a known set of M frequencies. In some implementations, the WU receiver may have a set of M tunable filters in appropriate frequencies that can be used to detect the Tx tones of the PTPF WU-S that match the configured WU sequence.

[0057] like Figure 2 Dividing the WU-S bandwidth into tone groups as shown can provide several advantages. For example, uniquely addressing 1024 devices with a single tone would require 1024 tones. However, using the above grouping can provide addressing N M For example, using a total of 24 tones (M=4) divided into four groups, with six tones in each group (N=6), would enable the network to uniquely address 1296 devices (6 4 = 1296). Thus, the network can be provided with more freedom to divide the available tones as needed.

[0058] Distributing these tones across the bandwidth may also allow frequency diversity to be exploited.

[0059] Figure 3 WU signals 300 and 304 are illustrated according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the Tx tones may also be modulated by a code, where each device is identified by a tone sequence and a binary code. For example, if UE1 is provided with a binary code (1, 1, ..., 1) and UE2 is provided with a binary code (-1, -1, ... -1), their corresponding WU sequences may be modulated as UE1: and UE2:

[0060] Modulation by +1 or -1 can also be viewed as phase modulation by 0 or pi. Although embodiments generally describe binary modulation, other embodiments may include more complex signals with L levels of phase modulation.

[0061] The WU-S 300, which may correspond to a modulated WU sequence for UE1, may be represented by a discrete time model: Where A is the amplitude of the Tx tone and n is an indication of the time samples within the discrete time model.

[0062] The WU-S 304 that may correspond to the modulated WU sequence for UE2 may be represented as: Therefore, the amplitude of each Tx tone of the WU-S 304 is inverted.

[0064] In this way, the number of devices served can be increased by 2 M .

[0065] In addition to providing the opportunity to uniquely identify more devices, the modulated WU-S may have a tone spacing that increases robustness against receiver or channel impairments such as, for example, carrier frequency offset or Doppler fading effects.

[0066] While the above-described embodiments show the applied binary code as either all positive ones or all negative ones, other embodiments may use a binary code having a mixture of positive ones and negative ones.

[0067] In the above embodiments, each device is provided with a WU sequence with the same number of Tx tones. However, in some embodiments, the length of the PTPF WU sequence assigned to various devices of the network may be based on the coverage area of ​​the corresponding device. In this way, the encoded PTPF WU signal can help effectively multiplex devices in different coverage areas.

[0068] Figure 4 A network environment 400 according to some embodiments is illustrated. The network environment 400 may include a WU transmitter 404 that provides first cellular coverage for a first UE 408 and a second UE 412. The WU transmitter 404 may be a base station or another transmitting device. The first UE 408 may be in a deep coverage area of ​​a cell (e.g., at the edge of a cell), while the UE 412 may be in a good coverage area (relative to the deep coverage area).

[0069] The network may determine the respective coverage areas of UE 408 and UE 412 based on the measurement reports. The measurement reports may be based on Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, Reference Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements, etc. The network may obtain the measurement reports from the primary component radios of the respective devices.

[0070] Based on the fact that UE 408 is in a deep coverage area, the network may decide to assign a set of four tones (f 11 ,f 21 ,f 31 ,f 41 ). Providing more tones may allow the UE 408 to apply some energy combining techniques to increase the chance that the sum energy is above a defined threshold that will determine a correct detection of a WU signal.

[0071] Based on the fact that UE 412 is in a good coverage area, the network may decide to assign a set of two tones (-f 11 ,-f 21). In a good coverage area, UE 412 may be able to correctly decode the two-tone sequence.

[0072] In some embodiments, the WU sender 404 may send a WU with a sequence (-f 11 ,-f 21 ,f 31 ,f 41 ) to simultaneously send a WU signal to both UEs 408 and 412. Such a signal can be correctly interpreted by both UEs.

[0073] The above operations of the network may be performed by the base station. The base station may include the WU transmitter 404 or may be separated from the WU transmitter 404.

[0074] Although Figure 4 Selection of WU sequences based on coverage area is described, but other embodiments may base tone spacing selection and modulation on coverage area.

[0075] Figure 5 A set of tones 500 configured with different spacings according to some embodiments is illustrated. The set of tones 500 may include a first set of WU tones 504 having a wider spacing and a second set of WU tones 508 having a narrower spacing. In some embodiments, the first set of WU tones 504 having a wider spacing may be interleaved with the second set of WU tones 508 having a narrower spacing, as shown. In other embodiments, the first set of WU tones 504 having a wider spacing may be assigned to a first set of frequencies, and the second set of WU tones 508 having a narrower spacing may be assigned to a second set of frequencies, wherein the first set of frequencies does not overlap with the second set of frequencies.

[0076] The network may decide which tone spacing to assign based on the receiver device link quality. Additionally / alternatively, the network may determine whether to use per-tone modulation based on the receiver device link quality. The primary component radio 112, when active, may report a set of measurements (e.g., RSSI) to the network device 104 to help the network device 104 properly design WU signaling.

[0077] The network device 104 may decide to use the second set of tones 508 with narrower spacing for devices characterized by good link quality and apply per-tone modulation. Since the link budget may be favorable for these devices, they may be able to correctly detect the transmitted tone set and the corresponding transmitted sequence.

[0078] The network device 104 may decide to use a second set of tones with wider spacing 504 for devices characterized by poor link quality and may not apply per-tone modulation. Tone allocations with wider tone spacing may be more resilient to channel impairments (e.g., Doppler effect, frequency offset, and interference).

[0079] In some embodiments, the second set of tones with narrower spacing 508 may be used by a local network or sub-network characterized by more favorable channel conditions. These types of networks may include, for example, peer-to-peer networks and wireless sensor networks. Devices within such networks may have better link quality and very static behavior that may not involve mobility within a cell of the same tracking area.

[0080] As briefly discussed above, most of the time the UE is powered on and it may be in a reduced power mode, such as, for example, in idle mode. When in idle mode, the UE may move from cell to cell. As these devices move between cells in a tracking area, there may be challenges when the network is to provide services for a large number of these devices. Solutions based solely on increasing the number of tones used by the WU system may result in a significant increase in resources dedicated to sending WU signaling, which may reduce the practicality of the system. Therefore, some embodiments provide an extensible WU system that allows the network to individually address a large number of devices that may move between cells in a cellular tracking area when in idle mode. This can be accomplished by multiplexing devices in various time instances referred to as WU opportunities (WU-O).

[0081] Figure 6 1 illustrates a WU-O 600 according to some embodiments. Specifically, the WU-O 600 includes N O WU opportunities, and with a length of T WU The WU-O assignment may be performed on a device-by-device basis.

[0082] Figure 6 N OThe WU-Os are shown as being equally spaced within the WU cycle; however, in other embodiments, other spacings may be used. In each WU-O, ​​up to Mo devices may be active to detect its WU-S. The WU-Os assigned to a device may be based on device ID, priority class, or latency requirements. For example, more WU-Os may be assigned to monitor latency-sensitive devices than latency-insensitive devices. This may allow latency-sensitive devices to detect WU-S more quickly and reactivate the primary receiver to receive paging messages.

[0083] In some implementations, the WU receiver may be powered down between WU-Os assigned to it for monitoring. This may increase power savings in situations where the WU receiver has enough time to both power down and power up before monitoring the next WU-O for the assigned WU-S.

[0084] The WU-O assigned to the device for monitoring may be included in the WU parameters of the configuration information provided to the primary receiver as described above.The WU-O may be assigned to the device for all cells of the tracking area.

[0085] In some embodiments, the WU sequence to be detected by a device may be the same sequence across all WU-Os assigned to the device. In other embodiments, the WU sequence may vary from WU-O to WU-O.

[0086] Figure 7 A network environment 700 is illustrated according to some embodiments. The network environment may include a base station 704 providing a cell 708 and a base station 712 providing a cell 716. Both cells 708 and 716 may belong to a tracking area 718. The network environment 700 may further include a UE 720 and a UE 724.

[0087] UEs 720 and 724 may be configured with WU parameters that apply to all cells of tracking area 718. Specifically, UE 720 may be assigned a WU sequence (f 11 ,f 21 ) to monitor in a second WU-O (WU-O 2); and UE 724 may be assigned a WU sequence (f 12 ,f 22 ) to be monitored in the first WU-O (WU-O 1).

[0088] At a first time instance (T0), UE 720 may be in location T0 within cell 708. While in idle mode, UE 720 may move to location T1 in cell 716 at a second time instance (T1). UE 720 may continue to monitor the WU sequence (f 11 ,f 21), because the WU parameters configured for cell 708 may also be applicable to cell 716. Therefore, the WU reception procedure may not change when UE 720 moves between cells of tracking area 718. In this way, UE 720 may be reachable throughout the cells of tracking area 718 without increasing receiver complexity.

[0089] In some embodiments, the network may initially send the wake-up signal in the last cell that the UE was registered in. For example, if UE 720 transitions to idle mode while in cell 708, the network may initially send the wake-up signal in that cell. If UE 720 does not respond, the network may send the wake-up signal in other cells in tracking area 718 (e.g., cell 716).

[0090] Figure 8 A WU-O 800 is illustrated according to some embodiments. The WU-O 800 may be arranged in a WU frame (WU-F). The WU-F may facilitate the flexibility of assigning a desired number of WU-Os for different devices to monitor in a WU cycle.

[0091] As shown, the WU cycle may have a length (T) equal to 64 frames (or 640 milliseconds), similar to the length of a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. The number of WU-Fs (N) in each WU cycle may be WU-F ) is set to T / 8=8. The number of WU-Os in each WU-F (N WU-O ) can be set to four.

[0092] If the maximum number of devices that can be uniquely addressed in a WU-O is 32, the total number of devices that can be uniquely addressed in a WU cycle may be equal to 32×4×8=1024.

[0093] In each WU-O, ​​at least 32 devices can be uniquely addressed if, for example, the number of tones per group (N) is greater than or equal to 32. For example, this can occur with the following numerology: M=2, N=32, Df=120kHz, and the total BW is approximately 7.6MHz.

[0094] WU-O allocation can be based on device priority. Assuming numerology, the following allocation can be made in some embodiments:

[0095] Priority-1 devices: one WU-O per WU-F → latency 80 ms (32 devices);

[0096] Priority-2 devices: one WU-O for every two WU-Fs → latency 160 ms (32 devices);

[0097] Priority-4 devices: one WU-O for every four WU-Fs → latency 320 ms (32 devices);

[0098] Priority-8 devices: one WU-O for every eight WU-Fs → delay 640 milliseconds (18*32=576 devices).

[0099] like Figure 8 As can be seen, a priority 1 device assigned to monitor WU-O1 may monitor that WU-O in every WU-F, a priority 2 device assigned to monitor WU-O2 may monitor that WU-O in every other WU-F, a priority 4 device assigned to monitor WU-O3 may monitor that WU-O in every four WU-Fs, and a priority 8 device assigned to monitor WU-O4 may monitor that WU-O in only one WU-F.

[0100] If all symbols in a WU cycle (T=64 frames) are used for WU signals, and assuming that each WU signal has a time length equal to the OFDM symbol length of a new radio (NR) implementation with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, then

[0101] In some embodiments, PTPF WU signaling may be used to efficiently share resources among a number of transmitting devices.

[0102] Fig. 9 900 is illustrated in accordance with some embodiments. Tone allocation 900 may include a first set of tones 904 and a second set of tones 908. The first set of tones 904 may be used for WU signals in a first cell, and the second set of tones 908 may be used for WU signals in a second cell. The first set of tones 904 may be offset from a system reference (Ref0) by a first offset value (Δ 小区_1 ), and the second tone set 908 may be offset from the system reference (Ref0) by a second offset value (Δ 小区_2 ). As shown in the figure, the first offset value and the second offset value can make the tone sets completely non-overlapping with each other.

[0103] The offset value is shown as offsetting the first tone in the tone set from the system reference; however, in other embodiments, the offset may be relative to the center frequency (f C ).

[0104] The system reference (Ref0) may correspond to an initial frequency subset common to all transmitters. The offset value may correspond to a cell-specific shift. For example, the first offset value (Δ 小区_1 ) may be a function of the identity of the transmitter of the first cell, and the offset value (Δ 小区_2) may be a function of the identity of the transmitter of the second cell. j UE in i The set of tones can be provided as:

[0105]

[0106] Fig.10 1000 is illustrated according to some embodiments. The tone allocation 1000 may include a first set of tones 1004 and a second set of tones 1008. The first set of tones 1004 may be used for WU signals in a first cell, and the second set of tones 1008 may be used for WU signals in a second cell. The first set of tones 1004 may be offset from a system reference (Ref0) by a first offset value (Δ 小区_1 ), and the second tone set 1008 may be offset from the system reference (Ref0) by a second offset value (Δ 小区_2 ). As shown, the first offset value and the second offset value may cause the sets of tones to overlap each other, such that the second set of tones 1008 is interleaved with the first set of tones 1004. The offset values ​​and spacing of the tones may be set in a manner that maintains orthogonality.

[0107] The spacing between adjacent tones that will have different sets may be D f Therefore, the spacing between tones in the same set can be 2*D f The total bandwidth can be equal to 2*M*N*D f .

[0108] In all other ways, the assignment and use of tone allocation 1000 may be similar to the assignment and use described above with respect to tone allocation 900 .

[0109] Some embodiments may use a transmitter-specific signature in the transmission of the PTPF wake-up signal. For example, the configuration parameters may include a cell-specific signature. The UE may modulate its WU sequence using the cell-specific signature to determine the modulated WU sequence that should be monitored for a particular cell. For example, the cell j UE in i Can be configured with

[0110]

[0111] Although some embodiments in the embodiments discussed herein describe the use of a wake-up system to enable the main component radio 112 to be powered off to an idle or inactive mode, the embodiments are also applicable to the main component radio 112 powered off in a connected mode. For example, UE 108 can perform a connected DRX (C-DRX) operation by cycling between a DRX-ON phase and a DRX-OFF phase, in which the main component radio 112 is powered on to monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) of the main communication channel, and in which the main component radio 112 is powered off in the DRX-OFF phase. Throughout the C-DRX operation, UE 108 can remain in the RRC connected mode. Some embodiments can transform the UE 108 in C-DRX to a deeper power saving mode by activating a WU receiver 116 and reducing the functionality of the main component radio 112 to reduce power. When in a deeper power saving mode, UE 108 can skip powering on the main component radio 112 for one or more DRX-ON phases. If network device 104 has data to send to UE 108, it may send a wake-up signal to WU receiver 116, and UE 108 may power on primary component radio 112 as described elsewhere herein. Primary component radio 112 may then monitor subsequent PDCCHs sent by network device 104.

[0112] In various implementations, the WU opportunity concepts described herein may also be used with DRX operations.

[0113] In some embodiments, the configuration information provided to the UE 108 may include one or more frequency hopping patterns. These patterns may be used to dynamically change the set of frequencies associated with the tones assigned to the UE 108. Frequency hopping may occur within tones in the same set or in different sets (where a set may refer to all tones in the WU system, e.g., M*N). Given that the configured frequency hopping pattern may be specific to a particular device and known only to the transmitter and receiver, the frequency hopping pattern may allow the system to adapt to different network loads or privacy considerations.

[0114] Fig.11

[00106] Tone allocation 1100 using a frequency hopping pattern across multiple time instances is illustrated in accordance with some embodiments.

[0115] In this embodiment, the UE 108 may be assigned an FH pattern of (2, 1, ... 3) which increments the Tx tones in group 1 by 2, increments the Tx tones in group 2 by 1, and increments the Tx tones in group M by 3. Thus, at time instance 1, the UE 108 may be assigned a WU sequence with Tx tone 3 in group 1, Tx tone 2 in group 2, and Tx tone 1 in group M. At the next time instance 2, the UE 108 may monitor for a WU signal that matches the WU sequence with Tx tone 5 in group 1, Tx tone 3 in group 2, and Tx tone 4 in group M. Frequency hopping may be performed in this manner through any number of time instances.

[0116] In other embodiments, other frequency hopping patterns may be used. For example, in some embodiments, the FH pattern may indicate a frequency hopping value that may be incremented by different tone groups. If the frequency hopping value is 1, then the Tx tones of the first tone group may be incremented in a first time instance, the Tx tones of the second tone group may be incremented in a second time instance, and so on.

[0117] In some embodiments, instead of using FH mode to modify the WU sequence monitored at different time instances, a common WU sequence may be monitored at different frequency sets at different time instances. For example, at a first time instance, the UE may monitor a first frequency set of a WU sequence having Tx tone 3 in group 1, Tx tone 2 in group 2, and Tx tone 1 in group M; and at a second time instance, the UE may monitor a second frequency set (offset from the first frequency set) of the same WU sequence.

[0118] In some implementations, frequency hopping may be used in conjunction with reuse to enhance coverage and increase the robustness of wake-up signaling.

[0119] Fig.12 A signaling sequence 1200 with repeated transmissions of a wake-up signal is illustrated according to some embodiments.

[0120] The signaling sequence 1200 may include multiple repetitions of wake-up signal transmissions. For example, the repetitions may include an initial transmission (WU-Tx 0) and R retransmissions within a WU transmission period 1204. In some embodiments, the WU transmission period 1204 may correspond to a WU opportunity.

[0121] In some embodiments, and as shown, each repetition of the wake-up signal may correspond to a respective jump in the frequency hopping pattern. In other embodiments, the repeated wake-up signal transmission may be performed without frequency hopping.

[0122] Providing both frequency hopping and repetition may provide frequency and time diversity which may increase the decoding success rate of the WU receiver 116 .

[0123] In some embodiments, WU transmission period 1204 may be followed by a minimum required WU time 1208 before network device 104 transmits a primary transmission 1212. Primary transmission 1212 may include a PDCCH transmission for scheduling an uplink or downlink transmission, a data transmission (e.g., a PDSCH transmission), or another transmission.

[0124] If the WU receiver 116 successfully decodes the wake-up signal before the last repetition, the WU receiver 116 (or driver 120) may delay activation of the main component radio 112 to further save power. For example, if the WU receiver 116 detects the wake-up signal in WU-ReTx 2 as shown, and immediately triggers the wake-up of the main component radio 112, the main component radio 112 will be awakened before it is necessary. Conversely, the triggering of the wake-up may be delayed by a delay period 1216 so that the used WU time 1220 matches the minimum required WU time 1208.

[0125] The WU receiver 116 may determine which repetition is received based on the reception time within the WU transmission period 1204 or the WU signal frequency location where the WU signal is detected. The WU receiver 116 (or driver 120) may determine the length of the delay period 1216 (if any) based on which repetition is received.

[0126] A cellular network may span multiple different frequency bands. In some embodiments, a wake-up band may be universally defined for multiple different host systems that may be located in different frequency bands.

[0127] Fig.13 Spectrum allocation 1300 according to some embodiments is illustrated. Spectrum allocation 1300 includes WU band 1304, main system 1 band 1308, and main system 2 band 1312. WU band 1304 may be located in lower frequency range 1316, main system 1 band 1308 may be a mid-frequency band located in middle frequency range 1320, and main system 2 band 1312 may be a millimeter wave (mmWave) band located in high frequency range 1324.

[0128] The WU band 1304 may have sub-bands dedicated to specific primary systems. For example, the WU band 1304 may include a first sub-band 1328 for WU signals to be used for primary system 1 and a second sub-band 1332 for WU signals to be used for primary system 2. For example, if the primary component radio 112 is configured to communicate via a primary communication channel in the primary system 2 band 1312, the WU receiver 116 may be configured to receive a wake-up signal in the second sub-band 1332 of the WU band 1304.

[0129] In this way, the frequency band used by the WU receiver 116 is decoupled from the frequency band used for the main component radio 112 and can be adapted to criteria and objectives that may be applicable to wake-up signals rather than signals for the main communication channels. For example, the size and location of the WU frequency band 1304 can be selected for the propagation characteristics desired for the wake-up signal. In some embodiments, the WU frequency band 1304 can have a bandwidth of 10 MHz to 20 MHz and can be located in the white space range of frequency range 1, which is below 7.125 GHz.

[0130] Utilizing a common WU frequency band for different host systems can also simplify the design of a wake-up receiver. For example, the wake-up receiver can be compatible with a wide range of devices and systems, thereby promoting interoperability.

[0131] Fig.14 An operation flow / algorithm structure 1400 according to some embodiments may be included. The operation flow / algorithm structure 1400 may be performed or implemented by a device such as, for example, UE 108, UE 412, UE 408, UE 720, UE 724, or UE 1700; or a component thereof, such as processor 1704.

[0132] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1400 may include, at 1404, accessing configuration information to determine a WU sequence. The configuration information may be received by the UE via a primary receiver and stored in a memory of the UE. The configuration information may include various WU configuration parameters, including but not limited to sequence information, offset information, codes (e.g., binary, device-specific codes, or cell-specific signatures), frequency hopping patterns, and repetition information.

[0133] The WU sequence may include multiple tones at corresponding multiple frequencies. The tones may be allocated by corresponding tone groups. In some embodiments,

[0134] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1400 may further include detecting a WU signal based on the WU sequence at 1408. The WU signal may be detected by a dedicated WU receiver. The WU signal may be out-of-band with respect to a primary communication channel used by a primary receiver.

[0135] In embodiments where the configuration parameters include a code, the WU sequence may be modulated (eg, amplitude or phase modulated) by the code to generate a modulated WU sequence. The UE may attempt to detect the WU signal based on the modulated WU sequence.

[0136] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1400 may further include providing a trigger to activate the primary receiver at 1412. The trigger may be provided once the WU signal is detected. Alternatively, the trigger may be delayed by an amount calculated to activate the primary receiver just before transmission is expected via the primary communication channel.

[0137] Fig.15 An operation flow / algorithm structure 1500 according to some embodiments may be included. The operation flow / algorithm structure 1500 may be performed or implemented by a network device (such as, for example, network device 104, WU transmitter 404, base station 704, base station 712, UE 1700, or base station 1800); or a component thereof (e.g., processor 1804).

[0138] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1500 may include, at 1504, identifying a WU sequence associated with the UE. The wake-up sequence may include a plurality of tones at a corresponding plurality of frequencies.

[0139] In some embodiments, the network device may send configuration information to the UE to configure the UE with the WU sequence and other related information. Other related information may include, for example, code, offset, hopping pattern, or repetition information.

[0140] In some embodiments, the network device may configure the UE with WU information based on the corresponding signal measurement results. For example, if the signal measurement results indicate that the UE is communicating with a communication channel with relatively poor quality, the configuration information may: configure a relatively long WU sequence; configure the WU sequence on a set of tones with wider intervals; or configure the WU sequence with frequency hopping or repetition.

[0141] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1500 may further include sending a WU signal based on the WU sequence, at 1508. The WU signal may be sent by the network device when the network device determines to send data via the primary communication channel.

[0142] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1500 may further include, at 1512, sending a PDCCH transmission. The PDCCH transmission may be sent after the wake-up signal is sent. In some embodiments, the UE may be in an idle mode or an inactive mode, and the PDCCH transmission may include a paging message that prompts the receiving UE to initiate a random access channel (RACH) procedure to establish an RRC connection. In other embodiments, the UE may be in a connected mode, and the PDCCH transmission may directly schedule an uplink or downlink transmission of a primary communication channel.

[0143] Fig.16 An operation flow / algorithm structure 1600 according to some embodiments may be included. The operation flow / algorithm structure 1600 may be performed or implemented by a device such as, for example, UE 108, UE 412, UE 408, UE 720, UE 724, or UE 1700; or a component thereof, such as processor 1704.

[0144] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1600 may include accessing configuration information to determine WU sequence and WU opportunity timing information at 1604. The WU sequence and WU opportunity timing information may be applicable to all cells of the tracking area.

[0145] The configuration of the WU sequence may be similar to the configuration described above and elsewhere herein. The WU opportunity timing information may include the length of the WU cycle, a first number of WU frames in the WU cycle, and a second number of WU opportunities in each WU frame of the first number of WU frames. The WU opportunity timing information may be predefined in, for example, a 3GPP TS, or may be dynamically configured to the UE by the base station.

[0146] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1600 may further include identifying a plurality of WU opportunities to be monitored at 1608. The plurality of WU opportunities to be monitored may be distributed across one or more WU frames in the WU cycle. The number of WU frames having WU opportunities to be monitored may be based on a priority or latency requirement of the device.

[0147] The operational flow / algorithm structure 1600 may further include monitoring the WU opportunity identified at 1068 for the WU signal, at 1612. If the WU receiver of the device detects the WU signal, the WU receiver may issue a trigger to activate the main receiver of the device.

[0148] Fig.17 An example UE 1700 according to some embodiments is illustrated. UE 1700 may be any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as, for example, a mobile phone, a computer, a tablet, an industrial wireless sensor (e.g., a microphone, a carbon dioxide sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a thermometer, a motion sensor, an accelerometer, a laser scanner, a fluid level sensor, an inventory sensor, a voltage / current meter, or an actuator), a video surveillance / monitoring device (e.g., a camera), a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), or an Internet of Things (IoT) device.

[0149] UE 1700 may include a processor 1704, RF interface circuitry 1708, memory / storage 1712, a user interface 1716, a sensor 1720, a driver circuit 1722, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 1724, antenna structures 1726, and a battery 1728. The components of UE 1700 may be implemented as an integrated circuit (IC), a portion of an integrated circuit, a discrete electronic device or other module, logical component, hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. Fig.17 The block diagram of UE 1700 is intended to show a high-level view of some of the components of UE 1700. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangements of the components shown may occur in other implementations.

[0150] Components of UE 1700 may be coupled to various other components via one or more interconnects 1732, which may represent any type of interface, input / output, bus (local, system, or extension), transmission line, trace, optical connection, etc., which allows various circuit components (on a common or different chip or chipset) to interact with each other.

[0151] The processor 1704 may include processor circuits such as a baseband processor circuit (BB) 1704A, a central processor unit circuit (CPU) 1704B, and a graphics processor unit circuit (GPU) 1704C. The processor 1704 may include any type of circuit or processor circuit that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions (such as program codes, software modules, or functional processes from the memory / storage device 1712) to cause the UE 1700 to perform operations as described herein.

[0152] In some embodiments, the baseband processor circuit 1704A can access the communication protocol stack 1736 in the memory / storage device 1712 to communicate through a 3GPP compatible network. Generally speaking, the baseband processor circuit 1704A can access the communication protocol stack to: perform user plane functions at the PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, SDAP layer, and PDU layer; and perform control plane functions at the PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, RRC layer, and non-access layer. In some embodiments, the PHY layer operations can be additionally / alternatively performed by components of the RF interface circuit 1708.

[0153] The baseband processor circuit 1704A may generate or process baseband signals or waveforms that carry information in a wireless network (e.g., a 3GPP-compatible network). In some embodiments, the waveforms used for NR may be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) in the uplink or downlink, and discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) in the uplink.

[0154] The memory / storage 1712 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media including instructions (e.g., communication protocol stack 1736) that may be executed by one or more processors in the processor 1704 to cause the UE 1700 to perform various operations described herein. The memory / storage 1712 includes any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that may be distributed throughout the UE 1700. In some embodiments, some of the memory / storage 1712 may be located on the processor 1704 itself (e.g., L1 cache and L2 cache), while other memory / storage 1712 is located outside the processor 1704 but can be accessed via a memory interface. The memory / storage 1712 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory, such as, but not limited to, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.

[0155] The RF interface circuit 1708 may include a transceiver circuit and a radio frequency front end module (RFEM), which allows the UE 1700 to communicate with other devices through a radio access network. The RF interface circuit 1708 may include various elements arranged in a transmit path or a receive path. These elements may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuits, control circuits, etc.

[0156] In the receive path, the RFEM may receive the radiated signal from the air interface via the antenna structure 1726 and proceed to filter and amplify the signal (using a low noise amplifier). The signal may be provided to the transceiver's receiver, which converts the RF signal down to a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor of the processor 1704.

[0157] In the transmit path, the transmitter of the transceiver up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides an RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM can amplify the RF signal through a power amplifier before the signal is radiated across the air interface via the antenna structure 1726.

[0158] In various embodiments, the RF interface circuit 1708 may be configured to send / receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technology.

[0159] The antenna structure 1726 may include antenna elements to convert electrical signals into radio waves to travel through the air and convert received radio waves into electrical signals. These antenna elements may be arranged into one or more antenna panels. The antenna structure 1726 may have antenna panels that are omnidirectional, directional, or a combination thereof to achieve beamforming and multiple-input, multiple-output communications. The antenna structure 1726 may include microstrip antennas, printed antennas manufactured on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards, patch antennas, phased array antennas, etc. The antenna structure 1726 may have one or more panels that are designed for specific frequency bands including bands in FR1 or FR2.

[0160] In some embodiments, UE 1700 may include beamforming circuitry for communicating with UE 1700 .

[0161] The user interface 1716 includes various input / output (I / O) devices designed to enable the user to interact with the UE 1700. The user interface 1716 includes input device circuits and output device circuits. The input device circuit includes any physical or virtual components for accepting input, including in particular one or more physical or virtual buttons (e.g., reset button), physical keyboard, keypad, mouse, touch pad, touch screen, microphone, scanner, headset, etc. The output device circuit includes any physical or virtual components for displaying information or otherwise conveying information (such as sensor readings, actuator positions, or other similar information). The output device circuit may include any number or combination of audio or visual displays, including in particular one or more simple visual outputs / indicators (e.g., binary state indicators (such as light emitting diodes "LEDs") and multi-character visual outputs) or more complex outputs (such as display devices or touch screens (e.g., liquid crystal displays (LCDs), LED displays, quantum dot displays, projectors, etc.)), where the output of characters, graphics, multimedia objects, etc. is generated or produced by the operation of the UE 1700.

[0162] Sensor 1720 may include a device, module, or subsystem that is designed to detect events or changes in its environment and send information about the detected events (sensor data) to some other device, module, subsystem, etc. Examples of such sensors include, among others: an inertial measurement unit including an accelerometer, gyroscope, or magnetometer; a microelectromechanical system or nanoelectromechanical system including a three-axis accelerometer, three-axis gyroscope, or magnetometer; a level sensor; a flow sensor; a temperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor); a pressure sensor; a barometric pressure sensor; a gravity meter; an altimeter; an image capture device (e.g., a camera or lensless aperture); a light detection and ranging sensor; a proximity sensor (e.g., an infrared radiation detector, etc.); a depth sensor; an ambient light sensor; an ultrasonic transceiver; a microphone or other similar audio capture device; and the like.

[0163] The driver circuit 1722 may include software and hardware elements for controlling specific devices embedded in, attached to, or otherwise communicatively coupled to the UE 1700. The driver circuit 1722 may include individual drivers to allow other components to interact with or control various input / output (I / O) devices that may be present in or connected to the UE 1700. For example, the driver circuit 1722 may include: a display driver for controlling and allowing access to a display device, a touch screen driver for controlling and allowing access to a touch screen interface, a sensor driver for obtaining sensor readings of the sensor 1720 and controlling and allowing access to the sensor 1720, a driver for obtaining an actuator position of an electromechanical component or controlling and allowing access to an electromechanical component, a camera driver for controlling and allowing access to an embedded image capture device, and an audio driver for controlling and allowing access to one or more audio devices.

[0164] The PMIC 1724 may manage the power provided to various components of the UE 1700. In particular, with respect to the processor 1704, the PMIC 1724 may control power source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion.

[0165] In some embodiments, the PMIC 1724 may control or otherwise be part of various power saving mechanisms of the UE 1700. For example, if the platform UE is in the RRC_Connected state, in which the platform is still connected to the RAN node because it expects to receive traffic soon, then after a period of inactivity, the platform may enter a state known as discontinuous reception mode (DRX). During this state, the UE 1700 may be powered off for short time intervals, thereby saving power. If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, the UE 1700 may transition to the RRC_Idle state, in which it is disconnected from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. The UE 1700 enters a very low power state and performs paging, in which it wakes up again periodically to listen to the network, and then powers off again. The UE 1700 may not receive data in this state; in order to receive data, the platform must transition back to the RRC_Connected state. Additional power saving modes may prevent the device from using the network for a time exceeding the paging interval (from a few seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is completely unable to connect to the network and can be completely powered off. Any data transmitted during this time will be significantly delayed, and it is assumed that the delay is acceptable.

[0166] The battery 1728 can power the UE 1700, but in some examples, the UE 1700 can be installed in a fixed location and can have a power source coupled to the power grid. The battery 1728 can be a lithium-ion battery, a metal-air battery such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, etc. In some specific implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, the battery 1728 can be a typical lead-acid car battery.

[0167] Fig.18 An example base station 1800 is illustrated in accordance with some embodiments. The base station 1800 may include a processor 1804, RF interface circuitry 1808, core network (CN) interface circuitry 1812, memory / storage circuitry 1816, and antenna structures 1826.

[0168] Components of base station 1800 may be coupled to various other components via one or more interconnects 1828 .

[0169] The processor 1804, RF interface circuit 1808, memory / storage circuit 1816 (including communication protocol stack 1810), antenna structure 1826, and interconnect 1828 may be similar to those of reference Fig.17 Like named elements are shown and described.

[0170] The CN interface circuit 1812 may provide connectivity for a core network (e.g., a 5GC using a 5th Generation Core Network (5GC) compatible network interface protocol such as a Carrier Ethernet protocol or some other suitable protocol). Network connectivity may be provided to / from the base station 1800 via optical fiber or wireless backhaul. The CN interface circuit 1812 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs for communicating using one or more of the above-mentioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuit 1812 may include multiple controllers for providing connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.

[0171] In some instances, the performance of the system may be affected by receiver nonlinearity on the equally spaced tones from the PTPF WU-S. When a nonlinear receiver down-converts the PTPF WU-S, unwanted tones (e.g., intermodulation distortion (IMD) tones) may appear due to receiver nonlinearity. Intermodulation products generated by tones at frequencies f1 and f2 may generally appear at 2f1-f2 and 2f2-f1. Fig.19 19 is a diagram 1900 depicting PTPF WU-S tones and IMD tones according to some embodiments. Diagram 1900 illustrates equally spaced tones with 120 kHz spacing. The PTPF WU-S tones are shown in dashed lines, while the IMD tones are shown in thicker solid black lines. The current user location may be at 240 kHz. For equally spaced tones, the IMD tones generated by the PTPF WU-S tones for other users fall on the location of the tone intended for the receiving user. This may result in false alarms or missed detections.

[0172] Fig. 20 2000 is another graph depicting two-tone intermodulation products according to some embodiments. Similar to graph 1900, graph 2000 has equally spaced tones with a spacing of 120 kHz. When two PTPF WU-S tones (shown in dashed lines) with a spacing Δf (shown as 120 kHz) are subjected to a 3rd order nonlinearity, two new IMD tones (shown in thicker solid lines) appear. When multiple tones are present, the IMD product can be approximated as the sum of all IMD products from all possible pairs of tones.

[0173] The dynamic range of the receiver can be increased, for example, the linear response can be improved while keeping the noise floor constant. However, this is associated with increased power consumption at the receiver.

[0174] To address these issues without significantly increasing power consumption at the receiver, some embodiments provide a system where PTPF WU-S are deployed at non-equidistantly spaced (NES) tone locations. NES tone locations of a particular bandwidth may be referred to as a non-uniform grid.

[0175] Fig.21 21 is a diagram 2100 depicting PTPF WU-S tones and IMD tones when PTPF WU-S tones are configured at NES tone locations according to some embodiments. In diagram 2100, PTPF WU-S tones may be mapped one-to-one to NES tone locations. The locations of each user's PTPF tones are set so that 2f1-f2 and 2f2-f1 IMD products will not fall on another user's PTPF tones. As shown, the PTPF tones of multiple users may be set to 120kHz, 240kHz, 390kHz, 690kHz, and 810kHz. Thus, a user having, for example, a PTPF WU-S tone of 240kHz will not experience IMD tones generated based on other users' PTPF WU-S tones.

[0176] Although diagram 2100 shows PTPF WU-S tones at each of the NES tone locations, whether PTPF WU-S tones are actually present may depend on the configuration state and signaling needs at a particular instance.

[0177] In some implementations, a frequency estimation algorithm (such as, for example, the Goertzel algorithm) may be used to detect the user's pitch.

[0178] Embodiments of the present disclosure describe various options for generating desired NES tone location spacing to avoid missed detection and the associated degradation of false alarm probability.

[0179] In some embodiments, the spacing of the NES tone locations can be determined by maximizing the minimum distance between all IMD products and the NES tone locations. In this case, the IMD products are the IMD products that would be generated if the PTPF WU-S tones were present at all NES tone locations. This can be accomplished by solving a max-min optimization problem. The locations of the IMD products can be linear combinations of the locations of the NES tones. Thus, the max-min optimization problem is a linear programming problem that can be solved by standard methods.

[0180] In other embodiments, the spacing of the NES tone locations may be determined by maximizing the average distance between the IMD products and the NES tone locations.

[0181] Although N equally spaced tones with frequency spacing Δf will occupy a bandwidth of N*Δf, a higher bandwidth may be desired to facilitate NES tone locations with minimum spacing Δf. For example, suppose the minimum spacing between IMD products and NES tone locations is f MIf the NES pitch location is set on demand, for example by solving a min-max problem, the additional bandwidth overhead can be approximated as N*f M The total bandwidth can then be N*Δf+N*f M If the PTPF WU-S tone is detected by the frequency estimation algorithm (Goertzel or FFT), then f M It can be set based on the frequency bin width of the algorithm. For example, when the symbol duration is 66.6 μsec and the sampling frequency is 7.68 MHz, the number of samples per symbol is 512. The frequency bin width is 7.68 MHz / 512 = 15 kHz. Therefore, in some embodiments, f M = 15 kHz, reducing (eg, minimizing) the effects from IMD products. In some embodiments, with reduced resilience to nonlinearity, f is less than the bin width. M It is also possible.

[0182] When taking receiver nonlinearity into account, setting the PTPF waveform on the NES tone location according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can significantly improve the false alarm probability of waking up the receiver.

[0183] In various embodiments, a network device may configure NES tone locations (or subcarriers) for users of the system to significantly relax the dynamic range requirements of the analog front end. The network device may be, for example, network device 104, WU transmitter 404, base station 704, base station 712, UE 1700, or base station 1800; or a component thereof (e.g., processor 1804). Spacing between NES tone locations may be achieved by maximizing the minimum distance between NES tone locations and IMD products; or maximizing the average distance between NES tone locations and IMD products. The network device may then configure the UE with wake-up sequences corresponding to PTPF WU-S with tones restricted to NES tone locations.

[0184] In some embodiments, the network device may configure the first UE with a PTPF wake-up sequence having a set of tones at NES tone locations. The configuration may also optionally include information about the PTPF WU-S configured for other UEs. If the UE identifies an IMD product generated from the PTPF WU-S of the first UE that may interfere with the PTPF WU-S of any of the other UEs or vice versa, the UE may provide an indication of the potential interference to the network device. The network device may then update the configuration of the PTPF WU-S or the NES tone locations.

[0185] In some embodiments, the UE may provide an indication of potential or actual IMD effects to the network equipment. For example, if the UE is particularly sensitive to IMD products, or is actively experiencing IMD effects that impair performance, the network equipment may configure the PTPF WU-S within the system in a manner that is more resilient to IMD effects.

[0186] Fig. 22 An operation flow / algorithm structure 2200 according to some embodiments may be included. The operation flow / algorithm structure 2200 may be performed or implemented by a network device (such as, for example, network device 104, WU transmitter 404, base station 704, base station 712, or base station 1800); or a component thereof (e.g., processor 1804).

[0187] The operational flow / algorithm structure 2200 may include generating configuration information to configure the UE with a WU sequence on the NES tone locality, at 2204. For example, the configuration information may provide a first UE with a first WU sequence associated with the plurality of tones distributed across the NES tone locality of the bandwidth.

[0188] The NES tone location can be set so that the tone at the NES tone location produces IMD products at the NES tone location that are no greater than a predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold can be zero. For example, the tone at the NES tone location will not produce any IMD products at the NES tone location. However, in other embodiments, the predetermined threshold can be a value greater than zero to accommodate constraints in frequency allocation, such as available bandwidth or a tone grid. Therefore, in some embodiments, a tolerable amount of IMD products at the NES tone location can be determined as a predetermined threshold in order to gain some design flexibility.

[0189] In some embodiments, spacing between NES tone locations may be identified by maximizing the minimum distance between NES tone locations and IMD products that would result from the presence of a tone at the NES tone locations.

[0190] In some embodiments, spacing between NES tone locations may be identified by maximizing the average distance between NES tone locations and the IMD products that would result from the presence of a tone at the NES tone locations.

[0191] The operation flow / algorithm structure 2200 may also include: at 2208, sending configuration information to the UE.

[0192] In some embodiments, one or more of the UEs may provide an indication related to IMD degradation. This may be a capability of the UE (e.g., an indication of the sensitivity of the UE's receiver to IMD products) or a detection of interference due to IMD products. In these embodiments, configuration information may be generated based on the indication. For example, a wake-up sequence may be adjusted to reduce actual or potential IMD degradation at the UE.

[0193] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of the authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0194] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components shown in one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods described in the following example section. For example, the baseband circuit described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples described below. For another example, the circuit associated with the UE, base station, or network element described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples shown in the example section below.

[0195] Example

[0196] In the following sections, additional exemplary embodiments are provided.

[0197] Embodiment 1 includes a method of operating a device, the method comprising: accessing configuration information to determine a wake-up sequence for the device, the wake-up sequence comprising a plurality of tones at corresponding plurality of frequencies; detecting a wake-up signal based on the wake-up sequence; and providing a trigger to activate a primary receiver of the device based on detecting the wake-up signal.

[0198] Embodiment 2 includes the method of embodiment 1 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the plurality of tones are distributed within corresponding plurality of tone groups across a bandwidth.

[0199] Embodiment 3 includes the method of embodiment 2 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the plurality of tones are non-uniformly spaced across the bandwidth.

[0200] Embodiment 4 includes a method according to embodiment 2 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the plurality of tones are selected from a tone set, and the method further includes: identifying an offset associated with the network device sending the wake-up signal; and determining the tone set based on the offset.

[0201] Embodiment 5 includes a method according to embodiment 1 or some other embodiment of the present invention, wherein the configuration information also provides a code, and the method further includes: generating a modulated wake-up sequence based on the code and the wake-up sequence; and detecting the wake-up signal based on the modulated wake-up sequence.

[0202] Embodiment 6 includes a method as in embodiment 5 or some other embodiment herein, wherein generating the modulated wake-up sequence includes modulating an amplitude of the wake-up sequence based on the code.

[0203] Embodiment 7 includes the method of embodiment 5 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the code is a binary code assigned to the device or a cell-specific signature.

[0204] Embodiment 8 includes the method according to embodiment 1 or some other embodiment herein, further comprising: receiving the configuration information from a base station via the primary receiver.

[0205] Embodiment 9 includes the method according to embodiment 1 or some other embodiment herein, further comprising: transitioning the primary receiver to a reduced power mode; and activating a wake-up signal receiver based on transitioning the primary receiver to the reduced power mode.

[0206] Embodiment 10 includes a method according to embodiment 9 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the device is performing a connected discontinuous reception (C-DRX) operation, and the primary receiver remains powered off through one or more scheduled discontinuous reception (DRX)-ON phases while in the reduced power mode, and the method further includes: based on the trigger, activating the primary receiver for at least one scheduled DRX-ON phase.

[0207] Embodiment 11 includes a method according to embodiment 1 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the configuration information defines wake-up parameters of the device in the entire tracking area.

[0208] Embodiment 12 includes a method of operating a network device, the method comprising: identifying a wake-up sequence associated with a user equipment (UE), the wake-up sequence comprising multiple tones at corresponding multiple frequencies; sending a wake-up signal based on the wake-up sequence; and sending a downlink transmission to the UE after sending the wake-up signal.

[0209] Embodiment 13 includes a method according to embodiment 12 or some other embodiment of the present invention, wherein the wake-up sequence is a first wake-up sequence, the UE is a first UE, the multiple tones are a first multiple tones, and the method further includes: providing first configuration information to the first UE to configure the first UE using the first wake-up sequence; and providing second configuration information to the second UE to configure the second UE using a second wake-up sequence including a second multiple tones.

[0210] Embodiment 14 includes a method according to embodiment 13 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the method further includes: determining a first signal measurement associated with the first UE; determining a second signal measurement associated with the second UE; generating the first configuration information having the first plurality of tones based on the first signal measurement; and generating the second configuration information having the second plurality of tones based on the second signal measurement, wherein the total number of the first plurality of tones is different from the total number of the second plurality of tones.

[0211] Embodiment 15 includes a method according to embodiment 14 or some other embodiment herein, wherein: the first signal measurement is associated with a first channel quality; the second signal measurement is associated with a second channel quality that is lower than the first channel quality; and the total number of the second plurality of tones is greater than the total number of the first plurality of tones.

[0212] Embodiment 16 includes a method according to embodiment 13 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the plurality of tones are a first plurality of tones, and the method further includes: determining a first signal measurement associated with the first UE; determining a second signal measurement associated with the second UE; selecting a first tone set having a first tone spacing based on the first signal measurement; generating the first configuration information using the first plurality of tones selected from the first tone set; selecting a second tone set having a second tone spacing based on the second signal measurement; and generating the second configuration information using the second plurality of tones selected from the second tone set.

[0213] Embodiment 17 includes a method according to embodiment 16 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the first signal measurement is associated with a first channel quality, the second signal measurement is associated with a second channel quality lower than the first channel quality, and the first tone spacing is less than the second tone spacing.

[0214] Embodiment 18 includes a method according to embodiment 17 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the first configuration information includes a code for per-tone modulation for the first plurality of tones, and the second configuration information does not include a code for per-tone modulation for the second plurality of tones.

[0215] Embodiment 19 includes a method according to embodiment 12 or some other embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: identifying a code associated with the UE; identifying a modulated wake-up sequence based on the code and the wake-up sequence; and sending a wake-up signal based on the modulated wake-up sequence.

[0216] Embodiment 20 includes the method of Embodiment 19 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the modulated wake-up sequence corresponds to the wake-up sequence having an amplitude modulated by the code.

[0217] Embodiment 21 includes a method according to embodiment 19 or 20 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the code is a binary code assigned to the UE or a cell-specific signature.

[0218] Embodiment 22 includes the method of embodiment 12 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the plurality of tones are distributed within corresponding plurality of tone groups across a bandwidth.

[0219] Embodiment 23 includes the method according to embodiment 12 or some other embodiment herein, further comprising: identifying an offset associated with the network device; and identifying a tone set including the plurality of tones based on the offset.

[0220] Embodiment 24 includes a method according to embodiment 23 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the network device is a first network device and the set of tones is a first set of tones interleaved with a second set of tones to be used for WU signals sent by a second network device.

[0221] Embodiment 25 includes the method described in embodiment 12 or some other embodiment herein, further comprising: sending the PDCCH in a frequency band designated for the main system; and sending the wake-up signal in a frequency subset of a WU frequency band associated with the main system, wherein the WU frequency band is separated from the frequency band designated for the main system.

[0222] Embodiment 26 includes the method of embodiment 25 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the primary system is a first primary system, the frequency subset is a first frequency subset, and the WU frequency band further includes a second frequency subset associated with a second primary system.

[0223] Embodiment 27 includes a method of operating a network device, the method comprising: generating configuration information to configure multiple user equipment (UE) using a corresponding plurality of wake-up sequences, wherein each wake-up sequence is associated with a plurality of tones distributed across non-equidistantly spaced (NES) tone locations; and sending the configuration information to the plurality of UEs.

[0224] Embodiment 28 includes the method of embodiment 27 or some other embodiment herein, wherein the tone at the NES tone location produces intermodulation distortion (IMD) products at the NES tone location that are no greater than a predetermined threshold.

[0225] Embodiment 29 includes a method according to embodiment 27 or some other embodiment herein, further comprising: identifying the spacing between the NES tone locations by maximizing the minimum distance between the NES tone locations and the intermodulation distortion (IMD) products that would be produced by the presence of the tones at the NES tone locations.

[0226] Embodiment 30 includes a method according to embodiment 27 or some other embodiment herein, further comprising: identifying the spacing between the NES tone locations by maximizing the average distance between the NES tone locations and the intermodulation distortion (IMD) products that would be produced by the presence of the tones at the NES tone locations.

[0227] Embodiment 31 includes a method according to embodiment 27 or some other embodiment herein, further comprising: receiving an indication related to intermodulation distortion (IMD) degradation from a UE among the multiple UEs; and generating the configuration information based on the indication.

[0228] Another embodiment may include an apparatus comprising means for performing one or more elements of a method as described or associated with any of Embodiments 1 to 31, or any other method or process described herein.

[0229] Another embodiment may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, which include instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform one or more elements of a method described or related to any of Embodiments 1 to 31 or any other method or process described herein.

[0230] Another embodiment may include an apparatus comprising logic components, modules, or circuits for performing one or more elements of a method as described or related to any of Embodiments 1 to 31, or any other method or process described herein.

[0231] Another embodiment may include a method, technique or process described or related to any one of Embodiments 1 to 31 or a portion or component thereof.

[0232] Another embodiment may include a device comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media, the one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process described in or related to any one of embodiments 1 to 31 or a portion thereof.

[0233] Another embodiment may include a signal according to or in connection with any one of embodiments 1 to 31 or parts or components thereof.

[0234] Another embodiment may include a datagram, information element, packet, frame, segment, PDU or message as described or related to any one of embodiments 1 to 31 or parts or components thereof or otherwise described in the present disclosure.

[0235] Another embodiment may include a signal encoded with data as described or associated with any one of embodiments 1 to 31, or parts or components thereof, or otherwise described in this disclosure.

[0236] Another embodiment may include a signal encoded with a datagram, IE, packet, frame, segment, PDU, or message as described or related to any one of embodiments 1 to 31 or parts or components thereof or otherwise described in the present disclosure.

[0237] Another embodiment may include an electromagnetic signal carrying computer-readable instructions, wherein execution of these computer-readable instructions by one or more processors will cause the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process described or related to any one or part of Embodiments 1 to 31.

[0238] Another embodiment may include a computer program comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element causes the processing element to perform a method, technique, or process described or related to any one or part of Embodiments 1 to 31.

[0239] Another embodiment may include a signal in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

[0240]

[0013] Another embodiment may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

[0241]

[0013] Another embodiment may include a system for providing wireless communications as shown and described herein.

[0242]

[0013] Another embodiment may include an apparatus for providing wireless communications as shown and described herein.

[0243] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, any of the above examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples). The foregoing description of one or more specific implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise form disclosed. In view of the above teachings, modifications and variations are possible or can be obtained from the practice of various embodiments.

[0244] Although the above embodiments have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to include all such variations and modifications.

Claims

1. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media having instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a device to: accessing configuration information to determine a wake-up sequence for the device, the wake-up sequence comprising a plurality of tones at a corresponding plurality of frequencies; detecting a wake-up signal based on the wake-up sequence; and Based on detecting the wake-up signal, a trigger is provided to activate a primary receiver of the device.

2. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of tones are distributed within corresponding plurality of tone groups of a bandwidth, and the plurality of tones are non-uniformly spaced across the bandwidth.

3. The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of tones are distributed within a corresponding plurality of tone groups of a bandwidth, the plurality of tones are selected from a set of tones, and the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: identifying an offset associated with a network device that sent the wake-up signal; and The set of tones is determined based on the offset.

4. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1 , wherein the configuration information further provides code, and the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: generating a modulated wake-up sequence based on the code and the wake-up sequence; and The wake-up signal is detected based on the modulated wake-up sequence.

5. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 4, wherein to generate the modulated wake-up sequence, the device: An amplitude of the wake-up sequence is modulated based on the code.

6. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 4, wherein the code is a binary code assigned to the device or a cell-specific signature.

7. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: The configuration information is received from a base station via the primary receiver.

8. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: transitioning the primary receiver to a reduced power mode; and A wake-up signal receiver is activated based on transitioning the main receiver to the reduced power mode.

9. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the configuration information defines wake-up parameters for the device throughout a tracking area.

10. A network device, comprising: Interface circuit; and A processing circuit is coupled to the interface circuit, and the processing circuit is used to: identifying a wake-up sequence associated with a user equipment (UE), the wake-up sequence comprising a plurality of tones at a respective plurality of frequencies; sending a wake-up signal based on the wake-up sequence; and A downlink transmission is sent to the UE after sending the wake-up signal.

11. The network device of claim 10, wherein the wake-up sequence is a first wake-up sequence, the UE is a first UE, the plurality of tones is a first plurality of tones, and the processing circuit is further configured to: providing first configuration information to the first UE to configure the first UE with the first wake-up sequence; and Second configuration information is provided to a second UE to configure the second UE with a second wake-up sequence including a second plurality of tones.

12. The network device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of tones is a first plurality of tones, and the processing circuit is further configured to: determining a first signal measurement associated with the first UE; determining a second signal measurement associated with the second UE; generating the first configuration information using the first plurality of tones based on the first signal measurement; and The second configuration information is generated using the second plurality of tones based on the second signal measurement, wherein a total number of the first plurality of tones is different than a total number of the second plurality of tones.

13. The network device according to claim 12, wherein: The first signal measurement is associated with a first channel quality; The second signal measurement is associated with a second channel quality that is lower than the first channel quality; and The total number of the second plurality of tones is greater than the total number of the first plurality of tones.

14. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to: determining a first signal measurement associated with the first UE; determining a second signal measurement associated with the second UE; selecting a first set of tones having a first pitch spacing based on the first signal measurement; generating the first configuration information using the first plurality of tones selected from the first set of tones; selecting a second set of tones having a second pitch spacing based on the second signal measure; as well as The second configuration information is generated using the second plurality of tones selected from the second set of tones.

15. The network device according to claim 10, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to: Identify a code associated with the UE; identifying a modulated wake-up sequence based on the code and the wake-up sequence; and sending a wake-up signal based on the modulated wake-up sequence, Wherein the modulated wake-up sequence corresponds to the wake-up sequence having an amplitude modulated by the code.

16. A method to be implemented by a network device, the method comprising: generating configuration information to configure a plurality of user equipment (UE) with a respective plurality of wake-up sequences, wherein each wake-up sequence is associated with a plurality of tones distributed across non-equidistantly spaced (NES) tone locations; as well as The configuration information is sent to the plurality of UEs.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the tone at the NES tone location produces intermodulation distortion (IMD) products at the NES tone location that are no greater than a predetermined threshold.

18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: Spacing between the NES tone locations is identified by maximizing a minimum distance between the NES tone locations and intermodulation distortion (IMD) products that would result from the presence of tones at the NES tone locations.

19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: Spacing between the NES tone locations is identified by maximizing an average distance between the NES tone locations and intermodulation distortion (IMD) products that would result from the presence of tones at the NES tone locations.

20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: receiving an indication related to intermodulation distortion (IMD) degradation from a UE among the plurality of UEs; as well as The configuration information is generated based on the indication.

Images