Information age analysis methods and related products in power line communication scenarios

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention discloses an information age analysis method and related products in a power line communication scenario. The method includes: obtaining channel data of a relay communication system, the channel data including channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes; determining a channel fading coefficient set of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the channel parameter data, to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets; determining an instantaneous noise power of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the noise data, to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers; determining a total bit error rate based on the plurality of channel fading coefficient sets and the plurality of instantaneous noise powers; obtaining historical interval data of a plurality of data packets in the relay communication system, the historical interval data including an arrival time interval of the plurality of data packets arriving at a source node and a service time interval in the relay communication system; and determining an average information age of the relay communication system based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power line communication technology, and in particular to an information age analysis method and related products in a power line communication scenario. Background Art

[0002] Power Line Communication (PLC) technology refers to a communication method that uses power lines to transmit data and media signals. This technology loads high-frequency information onto electric current, then transmits it through the wires. An adapter that receives the information then separates the high-frequency information from the current and transmits it to a computer or phone to achieve information transmission. PLC technology can provide users with services such as automatic meter reading, data transmission for applications such as backbone network access, and a basic communication platform for smart grid power distribution. PLC also leverages the inherent communication infrastructure of the power system, combining security, convenience, and low cost. For cross-station and long-distance communication between devices, the power line channel itself has a high attenuation, and to meet electromagnetic compatibility requirements, the transmission power of power line communication equipment is limited. Therefore, the power line communication distance is short, so relay communication is required.

[0003] In services like automatic meter reading and substation monitoring, the freshness of time-sensitive information is crucial for metering communication networks. However, traditional research on power line relay communications has mostly focused on metrics such as average latency, outage probability, and security, excluding deterministic latency. This inadequately measures end-to-end freshness and undermines latency performance analysis for metering communication networks. Consequently, outdated information in the network can impact equipment performance and even cause severe economic losses.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an information age analysis method in power line communication scenarios to determine the freshness of the collected information in power line communications over long distances such as across substations, and to avoid losses caused by the use of outdated information. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an information age analysis method and related products in a power line communication scenario, which can determine the freshness of the collected information in power line communications over long distances such as across substations, thereby avoiding losses caused by the use of outdated information.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an information age analysis method in a power line communication scenario. The method is applied to a relay communication system in the power line communication scenario, wherein the relay communication system is used to transmit multiple data packets. The relay communication system includes multiple nodes, and each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes communicates with each other via a power line. The multiple nodes include a source node, a destination node, and at least one relay node. The method includes:

[0007] Acquiring channel data of the relay communication system, the channel data including channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0008] determining a channel fading coefficient set of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the channel parameter data, to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets;

[0009] determining, based on the noise data, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers;

[0010] determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on the multiple channel fading coefficient sets and the multiple instantaneous noise powers;

[0011] Acquire historical interval data of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system, the historical interval data including arrival time intervals of the multiple data packets arriving at the source node and service time intervals of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system;

[0012] An average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an information age analysis device in a power line communication scenario. The device is applied to a relay communication system in the power line communication scenario. The relay communication system is used to transmit multiple data packets. The relay communication system includes multiple nodes, and each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes communicates with each other via a power line. The multiple nodes include a source node, a destination node, and at least one relay node. The device includes an acquisition unit and a processing unit.

[0014] The acquiring unit is configured to acquire channel data of the relay communication system, wherein the channel data includes channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0015] The processing unit is configured to determine a channel fading coefficient set of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the channel parameter data, to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets;

[0016] determining, based on the noise data, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers;

[0017] determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on the multiple channel fading coefficient sets and the multiple instantaneous noise powers;

[0018] Acquire historical interval data of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system, the historical interval data including arrival time intervals of the multiple data packets arriving at the source node and service time intervals of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system;

[0019] An average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data.

[0020] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory so that the electronic device performs the method described in the first aspect.

[0021] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method as described in the first aspect.

[0022] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and the computer is operable to enable the computer to execute the method described in the first aspect.

[0023] The implementation of the embodiments of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] In an embodiment of the present application, channel data of a relay communication system is first obtained, the channel data including channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes. Then, a channel fading coefficient set of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes is determined based on the channel parameter data to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets, and an instantaneous noise power of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes is determined based on the noise data to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers. Then, a total bit error rate of the relay communication system is determined based on the plurality of channel fading coefficient sets and the plurality of instantaneous noise powers. Next, historical interval data of a plurality of data packets in the relay communication system is obtained, the historical interval data including the arrival time interval of a plurality of data packets arriving at a source node and the service time interval of a plurality of data packets in the relay communication system. Finally, an average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data. Therefore, the total bit error rate of the relay communication system is determined by determining multiple channel fading coefficient sets and multiple instantaneous noise powers based on the channel data of the relay communication system, and the average information age of the relay communication system is determined in combination with historical interval data, so as to determine the freshness of the collected information in power line communications over long distances such as across substations, and avoid losses caused by the use of outdated information. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the background technology, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention or the background technology will be described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a relay communication system in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for analyzing information age in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a simulation diagram of the bit error rate and average signal-to-noise ratio in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a simulation diagram of average information age and average signal-to-noise ratio in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of average information age and data packet length in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of an information age analysis device in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., in the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish between different objects, rather than to describe a particular order. In addition, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or modules, but may optionally include steps or modules not listed, or may optionally include other steps or modules inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0035] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, result, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0036] Age of Information (AoI) is the interval between the generation time of the most recently successfully received data packet at the destination and the current time. It characterizes the time elapsed from the generation to the reception of a data packet, reflects the timeliness of the relay communication system, and is a key performance indicator of the relay communication system. Compared to performance indicators such as latency that describe individual data packets, AoI focuses more on the continuity of the information update process. It is related not only to the packet latency, but also to the data update rate, transmission rate, queue model, and transmission reliability. Relay technology refers to the addition of one or more relay nodes between the base station and the mobile station to forward the signal one or more times. This means that the signal must travel through multiple hops to reach the mobile station. Taking two-hop relay as an example, a base station-to-terminal link is split into two links: the base station-to-relay station and the relay station-to-terminal link. This allows one poor-quality link to be replaced with two high-quality links, resulting in higher link capacity and better coverage. In the embodiment of the present application, for business scenarios requiring relay nodes such as cross-station and long-distance communications, relay technology needs to be adopted to establish a relay communication system including relay nodes, and then determine the information age of the relay communication system.

[0037] Specifically, see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a relay communication system in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the information age analysis method in the power line communication scenario provided by the embodiment of the present application is applied to a relay communication system in the power line communication scenario, the relay communication system is used to transmit multiple data packets, the relay communication system includes multiple nodes, each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes performs power line carrier communication through the power line, the multiple nodes include a source node, a destination node and at least one relay node, the data packet arrival rate of the source node is λ, wherein at least one relay node can be connected through {R1, R2, ... R n} set, n is a positive integer, is the channel fading coefficient of the power line between the source node and the relay node R1, is the additive noise of the power line corresponding channel between the source node and the relay node R1, Relay node R n The channel fading coefficient of the power line between the node and the destination node, Relay node R n The additive noise of the power line corresponding to the channel between the destination node and the source node.

[0038] In a possible embodiment, the signal received by each relay node in at least one relay node and the destination node can be expressed by formula (1):

[0039]

[0040] Among them, i and j are node variables in the relay communication system, i∈{S,R1,R2,…R n},j∈{R1,R2,…R n ,D},x i represents the signal at node i, y j represents the signal received at node j, P i represents the transmission power of node i, H ij represents the channel fading coefficient of the power line between node i and node j, n ij represents the additive noise of the channel corresponding to the power line between nodes i and j. The channel fading coefficient is the attenuation factor of the signal during transmission. It reflects signal loss and measures the degree of signal strength change during transmission. The magnitude of the channel fading coefficient depends on many factors, including transmission distance, transmission frequency, antenna height, terrain, and buildings. Additive noise can be thermal noise, shot noise, and other factors. Additive noise is additive to the signal and is always present regardless of whether a signal is transmitted in the relay communication system. It can serve as the background noise of the relay communication system.

[0041] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flow chart of an information age analysis method in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0042] Step S101: Acquire channel data of the relay communication system;

[0043] The channel data includes channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0044] Step S102: determining a channel fading coefficient set of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes based on the channel parameter data, to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets;

[0045] Step S103: determining the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the noise data, to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers;

[0046] Step S104: determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on multiple channel fading coefficient sets and multiple instantaneous noise powers;

[0047] Step S105: Acquire historical interval data of multiple data packets in the relay communication system;

[0048] The historical interval data includes an arrival time interval of a plurality of data packets arriving at a source node and a service time interval of a plurality of data packets in a relay communication system;

[0049] Step S106: Determine the average information age of the relay communication system based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data.

[0050] In a possible embodiment, channel data of a relay communication system is obtained, where the channel data includes channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes. For the channel parameter data between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes, the channel parameter data can be obtained through a channel estimation device. A channel estimation device based on channel estimation algorithms such as blind channel estimation, semi-blind channel estimation, and non-blind channel estimation is used to obtain the channel parameters of the relay communication system. On this basis, a corresponding fading model is established to determine the distribution of channel fading coefficients of power lines between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes, where the channel parameter data may include amplitude fading, phase fading, delay spread, etc. of the channel.

[0051] In a possible embodiment, based on the channel parameter data, a probability density function of the channel fading coefficient of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes can be determined, and then a set of channel fading coefficients of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes can be determined to obtain multiple sets of channel fading coefficients. ij Obeying the log-normal distribution, the channel fading coefficient H ij The mean and variance are μ ij and σ ij 2 , channel fading coefficient H ij The probability density function of can be expressed by formula (2):

[0052]

[0053] Where i∈{S,R1,R2,…R n}, j∈{R1,R2,…R n ,D}, is the channel fading coefficient H ij The probability density function, x is the random variable of the probability density function. In order to ensure that the average power of the signal remains unchanged, the fading envelope can be normalized. Assume From this we can deduce μ ij =-σ ij 2 .

[0054] In one possible embodiment, for the noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes, the noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes at the same sampling point can be obtained, and the model parameters of the noise model are obtained by a maximum likelihood estimation device, a characteristic function-based impulse noise estimation device, or a moment estimation device. Parameter estimation optimization is performed in combination with algorithms such as neural networks and machine learning. On this basis, the channel noise is modeled to determine the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the noise data, thereby obtaining multiple instantaneous noise powers. When modeling the channel noise, the corresponding noise model can adopt a Middleton Class A noise model or an impulse noise model such as a Bernoulli-Gaussian noise model. The noise model in the embodiment of the present application is illustrated using the Middleton Class A noise model as an example.

[0055] In one possible embodiment, a total bit error rate of a relay communication system is determined based on multiple channel fading coefficient sets and multiple instantaneous noise powers. The instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination node and each of the at least one relay node can be determined based on the multiple channel fading coefficient sets and the multiple instantaneous noise powers to obtain multiple instantaneous SNRs. The bit error rate at the destination node and each of the at least one relay node can be determined based on the multiple instantaneous SNRs to obtain multiple first SNRs. A forwarding strategy at each of the at least one relay node can be obtained to obtain at least one forwarding strategy. Furthermore, the total bit error rate of the relay communication system can be determined based on the multiple first SNRs and the at least one forwarding strategy. The forwarding strategy at each of the at least one relay node can adopt a decode-forward (DF) strategy, an amplify-forward (AF) strategy, or a hybrid forwarding strategy. The forwarding strategy at the relay node in the embodiment of the present application is described using the DF strategy as an example.

[0056] In one possible embodiment, in a relay communication system, data packets may queue at a node during transmission, awaiting processing. For example, when multiple data packets arrive at a node simultaneously and the node's processing capacity is limited, these data packets form a queue and wait for processing and forwarding at the node according to certain queuing rules. Because the queuing waiting time of data packets at the node increases the delay of the entire communication path, a queuing system model is established for the data packet queuing situation in the relay communication system, and the waiting time concept in the queuing system model is applied to delay analysis in the relay communication system. Specifically, historical interval data of multiple data packets in the relay communication system is obtained. The historical interval data includes the arrival time intervals of the multiple data packets at the source node and the service time intervals of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system. Based on the historical interval data, the parameters of the queuing model for the multiple data packets are estimated. The parameters are optimized using algorithms such as neural networks and machine learning. Based on this, a corresponding queuing system model is established. The queuing system model can adopt a queuing model such as M / G / 1, M / M / 1, or M / D / 1. Finally, the average information age of the relay communication system can be determined based on the total bit error rate and the queuing system model corresponding to the historical interval data. The queuing system model in the embodiments of the present application is illustrated using the M / G / 1 queue model as an example. The M / G / 1 queue model is used to describe the process of target objects arriving in a system and then being served. The input process is a Poisson flow, the service time for each target object is independent and follows a general distribution, a single window, a single queue, an infinite queue capacity, an infinite number of target objects in the target object source, and a first-come, first-served queuing rule. In this model, M represents arrival time that follows a Poisson distribution, meaning the time intervals between arriving target objects are random and conform to an exponential distribution. G represents service time that follows a general distribution, meaning the service time required for each target object is random and can conform to any distribution. 1 represents only one server, meaning only one service channel.

[0057] In the embodiments of the present application, a relay communication system model is constructed for business scenarios such as long-distance metering communication networks and cross-station metering communication networks. This model ensures the reliability performance of the metering communication network, such as the bit error rate, reduces the number of data packet retransmissions, and effectively improves the coverage of the communication network, which can well meet the needs of special terrain scenarios. In response to the influence of impulse noise and relay fading in the station environment, channel parameters are obtained using methods such as channel estimation, and impulse noise related parameters are obtained using methods such as pilot estimation. Based on this, a corresponding channel model is constructed in which fading follows a lognormal distribution and impulse noise adopts the Middleton Class A noise model, effectively reflecting the impact of impulse noise on system performance in actual scenarios. For the information age indicator of the metering communication network, by determining the average information age of the relay communication system, the shortcomings of traditional performance indicators such as delay and throughput in describing timeliness are overcome, effectively reflecting the freshness of information, greatly supporting delay-sensitive key services, fading decision makers to make timely and accurate judgments, and greatly improving the timeliness of the metering communication network.

[0058] Optionally, the noise data includes data related to Gaussian background noise and impulse noise; step S103, determining the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the noise data to obtain multiple instantaneous noise powers, may include the following steps:

[0059] Step S201: Acquire amplitude data of impulse noise based on noise data;

[0060] Step S202: determining an impulse noise model corresponding to the noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the amplitude data, to obtain a plurality of impulse noise models, wherein the plurality of impulse noise models are used to reflect the distribution of the impulse noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0061] Step S203: Obtaining a probability density function corresponding to each of the multiple impulse noise models to obtain multiple first probability density functions, where the multiple first probability density functions are used to reflect the distribution of the amplitude of the impulse noise on the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes;

[0062] Step S204: determining a first power corresponding to Gaussian background noise and a second power corresponding to impulse noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the noise data and the plurality of impulse noise models, to obtain a plurality of first powers and a plurality of second powers;

[0063] Step S205: determining an average total noise power of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the sum of the plurality of first powers and the plurality of second powers, to obtain a plurality of average total noise powers;

[0064] Step S206: determining the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the ratios corresponding to the plurality of first powers and the plurality of second powers, the plurality of first probability density functions, and the plurality of average total noise powers to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers.

[0065] In a possible embodiment, based on the amplitude data, the multiple impulse noise models can all be Middleton type A noise models, which are composed of Gaussian background noise n G and impulse noise n I The corresponding first probability density function can be expressed by formula (3):

[0066]

[0067] Where z is the amplitude variable of the impulse noise, P M (z) is the first probability density function corresponding to the amplitude z of the impulse noise, N m is the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in multiple nodes, m is the superposition number of Gaussian background noise between each group of adjacent nodes in multiple nodes at a specific sampling moment, and m obeys the Poisson distribution with mean A e -A A m / m!, each noise satisfies N(0, N I / A).

[0068] Determine the first power N corresponding to the Gaussian background noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the noise data and the plurality of impulse noise models G The second power N corresponding to the impulse noise I , based on the first power N corresponding to the Gaussian background noise between each group of adjacent nodes in multiple nodes G The second power N corresponding to the impulse noise I The sum of the values ​​determines the average total noise power N0 of the power lines between each group of adjacent nodes in multiple nodes, N0 = N G +N I , based on the first power N corresponding to the Gaussian background noise between each group of adjacent nodes in multiple nodes G The second power N corresponding to the impulse noise I The instantaneous noise power N of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes is determined by the ratio T of m and A corresponding to the first probability density function and the average total noise power N0 of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes. m , where N m =N0[m / A+T / (1+T)], T=N G / N I .

[0069] Optionally, step S104, determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on multiple channel fading coefficient sets and multiple instantaneous noise powers, may include the following steps:

[0070] Step S301: Obtain the total transmission power of the relay communication system;

[0071] Step S302: determining a first transmit power of each of the source node and at least one relay node based on the total transmit power to obtain multiple first transmit powers;

[0072] Step S303: determining an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and at least one relay node based on the multiple first transmit powers, the multiple channel fading coefficient sets, and the multiple instantaneous noise powers, to obtain multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets;

[0073] Step S304: determining a bit error rate of each of the destination node and at least one relay node based on the multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain multiple first bit error rates;

[0074] Step S305: Acquire a forwarding strategy of each relay node in the at least one relay node of the relay communication system to obtain at least one forwarding strategy;

[0075] Step S306: determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on at least one forwarding strategy and a plurality of first bit error rates.

[0076] In a possible embodiment, the sum of multiple first transmission powers is the total transmission power of the relay communication system. In the embodiment of the present application, the total transmission power can be divided equally to determine the first transmission power of each node in the source node and at least one relay node.

[0077] In one possible embodiment, a set of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios at each of the destination node and at least one relay node is determined based on multiple first transmit powers, multiple channel fading coefficient sets, and multiple instantaneous noise powers to obtain multiple sets of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios. The instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios at each of the destination node and at least one relay node can be expressed by formula (4):

[0078]

[0079] Where i∈{S,R1,R2,…R n}, j∈{R1, R2, … R n , D}, γ j is the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio at each of the destination node and at least one relay node, H ij is the channel fading coefficient of the power line between node i and node j, P i is the transmission power of node i, N mis the instantaneous noise power between each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes, that is, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between node i and node j.

[0080] In a possible embodiment, a bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node is determined based on multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain multiple first bit error rates. The bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node is determined based on the mean and variance of each instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set in the multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain multiple first bit error rates.

[0081] In one possible embodiment, a forwarding strategy of each relay node in the at least one relay node of the relay communication system is obtained to obtain at least one forwarding strategy, and a total bit error rate of the relay communication system is determined based on the at least one forwarding strategy and a plurality of first bit error rates. When each forwarding strategy in the at least one forwarding strategy is a DF strategy, the total bit error rate ε of the relay communication system can be expressed by formula (5):

[0082]

[0083] Among them, ε j is the first bit error rate at node j, j∈{R1,R2,…R n ,D}.

[0084] Optionally, step S304, determining a bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain multiple first bit error rates, may include the following steps:

[0085] Step S401: Acquire transmission environment data and transmission distances between each group of adjacent nodes among a plurality of nodes to obtain a plurality of transmission environment data and a plurality of transmission distances;

[0086] Step S402: determining a path loss parameter between each group of adjacent nodes among the multiple nodes based on the multiple transmission environment data to obtain multiple path loss parameters;

[0087] Step S403: determining a distribution feature of each instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set in a plurality of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain a plurality of first distribution features;

[0088] Step S404: determining the variance of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the multiple first distribution features and the multiple average total noise powers to obtain multiple variances;

[0089] Step S405: obtaining a mean value of each channel fading coefficient set in a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets to obtain a plurality of first mean values;

[0090] Step S406: determining a mean of an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the multiple first mean values, the multiple path loss parameters, the multiple transmission distances, the multiple first transmit powers, and the multiple average total noise powers, to obtain multiple second mean values;

[0091] Step S407: determining a bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the multiple variances and the multiple second means, to obtain multiple first bit error rates.

[0092] In a possible embodiment, the distribution characteristics of each instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set in a plurality of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets are determined based on the channel fading coefficient of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes. Since the power line channel fading coefficient satisfies the log-normal distribution, the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio of the reception at the node also satisfies the log-normal distribution, that is, γ j ~logN(μ j , σ j 2 ). Wherein, the variance of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and at least one relay node is determined based on multiple first distribution features and multiple average total noise powers, and the corresponding variance σ at node j is j 2 is σ j 2 =4N0. Obtain the mean μ of each channel fading coefficient set in multiple channel fading coefficient sets ij , obtain multiple first means, and determine the mean of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each node in the destination node and at least one relay node based on the first means corresponding to each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes, the path loss parameter, the transmission distance, the average total noise power and the first transmission power, and obtain multiple second means, the second mean μ corresponding to node j j for Among them, β is the path loss parameter, which is related to the environment around the node and is determined by the transmission environment data between each group of adjacent nodes in multiple nodes. d is the distance between node i and node j. In the embodiment of the present application, multiple path loss parameters can be the same value, and multiple transmission distances can also be the same value.

[0093] Furthermore, the cumulative distribution function of the received signal-to-noise ratio at each of the destination node and at least one relay node can be expressed by formula (6):

[0094]

[0095] in, is the Q function, is the error function.

[0096] Specifically, at node j, the bit error rate can be expressed by formula (7):

[0097]

[0098] Where, let t=(-μ j -lnλ) / σ j , the bit error rate expression after integral transformation of formula (7) can be expressed by formula (8):

[0099]

[0100] Furthermore, formula (8) can be approximated and simplified according to formula (9), and the resulting bit error rate can be expressed by formula (10):

[0101]

[0102] Among them, R1 k 、R 2k and R 3k The fitting parameters required to approximate formula (9) as the sum of K Gaussian functions. Finally, formula (10) is simplified by formula (11), and the bit error rate at node j can be expressed by formula (12):

[0103]

[0104] Among them, A m，k , B m，k and C m，k are the parameters of the simplified formula respectively, and the expressions of the three are shown in formula (13):

[0105]

[0106] Combining formula (12) and formula (5), the total bit error rate of the relay communication system can be determined.

[0107] Optionally, step S106, determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the total bit error rate and historical interval data, may include the following steps:

[0108] Step S501: determining the distribution characteristics of historical interval data to obtain a second distribution characteristic;

[0109] Step S502: determining a queuing system model corresponding to the relay communication system based on the second distribution feature, where the queuing system model is used to reflect the transmission process of multiple data packets in the relay communication system;

[0110] Step S503: obtaining the data packet generation rate of the source node within a preset time;

[0111] Step S504: determining a data packet arrival rate corresponding to the plurality of data packets based on the data packet generation rate;

[0112] Step S505: determining a third mean value corresponding to the time interval for updating the generation state of the average information age based on the queuing system model and the data packet arrival rate;

[0113] Step S506: Determine the correspondence between the average information age reception status update interval, service time, and waiting time based on the queuing system model. The average information age reception status update interval is used to reflect the transmission delay of multiple data packets in the relay communication system. The service time is the time required for multiple data packets to be transmitted from the source node to the destination node, and the waiting time is the time required for multiple data packets to wait for transmission at the source node.

[0114] Step S507: determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean value and the total bit error rate.

[0115] In a possible embodiment, when the second distribution characteristic corresponding to the historical interval data indicates that the queuing system model corresponding to the relay communication system is an M / G / 1 queue model, the packet arrival rate is the packet generation rate of the source node, and it is assumed that each relay node directly forwards without buffering. When the system time of the relay communication system tends to infinity, the average information age of the relay communication system can be expressed by formula (14):

[0116]

[0117] Where E[·] is the expectation operator, X and Y represent the random variables of the time interval for generating state updates and the time interval for receiving state updates, respectively. Since the queueing system model is an M / G / 1 queue model, the third mean of the time interval for generating state updates corresponding to the average information age determined based on the queueing system model and the packet arrival rate is E[X] = 1 / λ, and E[X 2 ]=2 / λ 2 , where λ is the packet arrival rate. Based on the queuing system model, the correspondence between the receiving state update interval, service time, and waiting time to determine the average information age is Y = S + W, where S is the service time and W is the waiting time. Based on this, the average information age of the relay communication system can be expressed by formula (15):

[0118]

[0119] in,

[0120] Optionally, step S507, determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean, and the total bit error rate, may include the following steps:

[0121] Step S601: Determine a probability density function of the number of retransmissions based on the total bit error rate to obtain a second probability density function;

[0122] Step S602: Acquire the length and symbol duration of a transport block corresponding to the multiple data packets, where the transport block is used to transmit the multiple data packets, the transport block includes at least one symbol, and the symbol duration is used to reflect the transmission time of the transport block;

[0123] Step S603: determining a fourth mean value corresponding to the service time based on the length of the transport block, the second probability density function, and the symbol duration;

[0124] Step S604: determining a fifth mean value corresponding to the waiting time based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean value, and the fourth mean value;

[0125] Step S605: Determine the average information age of the relay communication system based on the third mean, the fourth mean, and the fifth mean.

[0126] In a possible embodiment, a transmission block is usually composed of multiple data packets, or a data packet can be divided into multiple transmission blocks for transmission. Symbol duration affects the transmission time of data packets and transmission blocks. A data packet or transmission block is usually composed of multiple symbols. The shorter the symbol duration, the more symbols can be transmitted in the same time, so that the data packet or transmission block can be transmitted faster. The symbol duration determines the transmission time of the transmission block and the data packet. The transmission block is the basic unit of data packet transmission on the channel, and the data packet is the basic unit of data exchange in network communication. The service time of the data packet in the relay communication system is related to the number of retransmissions between the communication nodes. The number of retransmissions is geometrically distributed with the transmission success rate. The transmission success rate is related to the total bit error rate of the relay communication system. The probability density function of the number of retransmissions can be expressed by formula (16):

[0127] P R (m)=(1-ε)ε m-1 ;m=1,2,…………(16)

[0128] In one possible embodiment, the service time for transmission using one transport block is S=NTR, where N is the length of the transport block, R is the number of retransmissions, and T is the symbol duration. Thus, formulas (17), (18), and (19) can be obtained. The expressions of formulas (17), (18), and (19) are as follows:

[0129] E(S)=NT / (1-ε)............(17)

[0130] E[S 2 ]=(NT) 2 (1+e) / (1-ε) 2 .........(18)

[0131] E[e -λs ]=(1-e)e -NTλ / (1-εe -NTλ ).........(19)

[0132] Combined with formula (15), the average information age of the relay communication system can be expressed by formula (20):

[0133]

[0134] Optionally, the information age analysis method in the power line communication scenario provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include the following steps:

[0135] Step S701: when the average information age is higher than a preset average information age threshold, determining the difference between the average information age and the average information age threshold;

[0136] Step S702: Determine a first adjustment factor, a second adjustment factor, and a third adjustment factor based on the difference, wherein the first adjustment factor is used to adjust the total transmit power of the relay communication system, the second adjustment factor is used to adjust the average signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets in the relay communication system, and the third adjustment factor is used to adjust the data packet generation rate;

[0137] Step S703: adjusting the total transmit power based on the first adjustment factor to obtain a target total transmit power;

[0138] Step S704: adjusting the average signal-to-noise ratio based on the second adjustment factor to obtain a target average signal-to-noise ratio;

[0139] Step S705: adjusting the data packet generation rate based on the third adjustment factor to obtain a target data packet generation rate;

[0140] Step S706: Determine a target average information age of the relay communication system based on the target total transmit power, the target average signal-to-noise ratio, and the target data packet generation rate, so that the target average information age is lower than or equal to a preset average information age threshold.

[0141] In one possible embodiment, when the average information age exceeds a preset average information age threshold, the difference between the two is first calculated. This difference reflects the extent to which the information in the current system is out of an acceptable range. For example, if the preset average information age threshold is 10 minutes and the current system average information age is 15 minutes, the difference is 5 minutes. A larger difference indicates that the system requires more significant adjustments. The first, second, and third adjustment factors are determined based on the difference. The purpose of the adjustment factors is to reduce the average information age below the threshold by adjusting various system parameters. The first adjustment factor is used to adjust the total transmit power of the relay communication system. If the difference is large, a significant increase in the total transmit power may be necessary to improve signal strength and transmission quality, thereby reducing information transmission time and age. The second adjustment factor is used to adjust the average signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets in the relay communication system. By increasing the average signal-to-noise ratio, signal reception quality can be improved, errors and retransmissions can be reduced, and information age can be reduced. The third adjustment factor is used to adjust the packet generation rate. If the packet generation rate is too high, it may cause system congestion and increase the waiting time and age of information. Therefore, the packet generation rate can be appropriately reduced to relieve system pressure.

[0142] In an embodiment of the present application, the total transmit power is adjusted based on the first adjustment factor to obtain the target total transmit power. Increasing the total transmit power can increase the coverage and strength of the signal, reduce signal attenuation and interference, and thus improve the transmission speed and freshness of the information. The average signal-to-noise ratio is adjusted based on the second adjustment factor to obtain the target average signal-to-noise ratio. This can be achieved by adjusting the signal's transmit power, receive sensitivity, noise suppression, etc. Increasing the average signal-to-noise ratio can improve the signal quality, reduce errors and retransmissions, and thus reduce the age of the information. The packet generation rate is adjusted based on the third adjustment factor to obtain the target packet generation rate. This can be achieved by adjusting the output rate of the data source, the parameters of the network protocol, etc. Reducing the packet generation rate can reduce system congestion and contention, and reduce the waiting time and age of the information.

[0143] In a possible embodiment, two-hop relay and three-hop relay are taken as examples, and the performance of the relay communication system is simulated and compared through simulation software. In scenarios that require metered communication, such as cross-station area, long-distance communication, and smart grid, two-hop relay cannot meet business needs well. Therefore, a three-hop relay network is used for communication. Three-hop relay can better improve the coverage range, and can effectively reduce the attenuation and noise interference of power line signals, reduce the bit error rate of the system, improve the reliability of the system, reduce the number of retransmissions of data packets during long-distance transmission, and effectively improve the information age performance. When using the two-hop relay model, the variance of the noise probability density function distribution is used to define the power. Assume that the total system power is 1 and the source node transmission power Ps =1 / 2, relay node transmission power P R = 1 / 2, the parameters of the impulse noise are: A = 0.2, T = 0.01, and the maximum value of m in formula (3) is P N =100. When using the three-hop relay model, the power is defined by the variance of the noise probability density function distribution. Assuming the total system power is 1, the source node transmission power P s =1 / 3, the first relay node transmission power P R1 =1 / 3, the second relay node transmission power P R2 =1 / 3; the parameters of the impulse noise are: A = 0.2, T = 0.01, and the maximum value of m in the theoretical formula (3) is P N =100.

[0144] Based on the above parameter settings, the relay communication system is simulated, and the relationship between the bit error rate and the average signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained as follows: Figure 3 shown. Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a simulation diagram of the bit error rate and average signal-to-noise ratio in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis is the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the vertical axis is the bit error rate (BER). The larger the average signal-to-noise ratio, the lower the system bit error rate. As the number of hops increases, the system bit error rate also decreases, and reliability increases.

[0145] See Figure 4 , Figure 4 : is a simulation diagram of average information age and average signal-to-noise ratio in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 In this paper, the reliability of the theoretical formula corresponding to the average information age is verified by comparing the theoretical performance of the average information age with the simulation performance curve. Figure 4 In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the vertical axis represents the average information age. A higher SNR indicates a lower average information age. This is because a higher SNR reduces the system's bit error rate (BER), reduces the number of packet retransmissions, and reduces the average information age. As the number of hops increases to two, the average information age decreases. This is because the introduction of relay nodes not only improves the coverage of power line communication but also reduces the bit error rate and the number of packet retransmissions, resulting in a shorter average information age. The longer the communication distance, the longer the average information age. This is because increasing the communication distance increases the system's bit error rate, reduces reliability, and increases the number of packet retransmissions, thus increasing the average information age.

[0146] See Figure 5 , Figure 5This is a simulation diagram of average information age and data packet length in a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 The figure shows the relationship between average information age and packet length, with packet length on the horizontal axis and average information age on the vertical axis. As packet length increases, the average information age also increases. This is because the increase in packet length leads to an increase in the waiting time and service time of the packet in the queuing system, which increases the average information age. In addition, the average information age also increases with distance.

[0147] To summarize, in an embodiment of the present application, the channel data of the relay communication system is first obtained, the channel data including channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes, and then, the channel fading coefficient set of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes is determined based on the channel parameter data to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets, and the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in a plurality of nodes is determined based on the noise data to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers, and then, the total bit error rate of the relay communication system is determined based on the plurality of channel fading coefficient sets and the plurality of instantaneous noise powers, and next, the historical interval data of a plurality of data packets in the relay communication system is obtained, the historical interval data including the arrival time interval of a plurality of data packets arriving at the source node and the service time interval of a plurality of data packets in the relay communication system, and finally, the average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data. Therefore, the total bit error rate of the relay communication system is determined by determining multiple channel fading coefficient sets and multiple instantaneous noise powers based on the channel data of the relay communication system, and the average information age of the relay communication system is determined in combination with historical interval data, so as to determine the freshness of the collected information in power line communications over long distances such as across substations, and avoid losses caused by the use of outdated information.

[0148] The above describes in detail the method according to the embodiment of the present invention. The following provides an apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0149] See Figure 6 , Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of an information age analysis device for a power line communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. The information age analysis device 800 for a power line communication scenario is applied to a relay communication system for a power line communication scenario. The relay communication system is used to transmit multiple data packets. The relay communication system includes multiple nodes, and each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes communicates with each other via a power line. The multiple nodes include a source node, a destination node, and at least one relay node. The information age analysis device 800 for a power line communication scenario includes an acquisition unit 801 and a processing unit 802.

[0150] An acquiring unit 801 is configured to acquire channel data of a relay communication system, where the channel data includes channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes among a plurality of nodes;

[0151] The processing unit 802 is configured to determine a channel fading coefficient set of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the channel parameter data, to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets;

[0152] determining, based on the noise data, an instantaneous noise power of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers;

[0153] determining an overall bit error rate of the relay communication system based on a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets and a plurality of instantaneous noise powers;

[0154] Acquire historical interval data of multiple data packets in the relay communication system, the historical interval data including arrival time intervals of the multiple data packets arriving at the source node and service time intervals of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system;

[0155] Determine the average information age of a relay communication system based on the total bit error rate and historical interval data.

[0156] In some possible embodiments, the noise data includes data related to Gaussian background noise and impulse noise. In determining the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the noise data to obtain the plurality of instantaneous noise powers, the processing unit 802 is specifically configured to:

[0157] acquiring amplitude data of the impulse noise based on the noise data;

[0158] Determining, based on the amplitude data, an impulse noise model corresponding to noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of impulse noise models, wherein the plurality of impulse noise models are used to reflect a distribution of impulse noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0159] Obtaining a probability density function corresponding to each of the plurality of impulse noise models to obtain a plurality of first probability density functions, the plurality of first probability density functions being used to reflect the distribution of the amplitude of the impulse noise on the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0160] Determine, based on the noise data and the plurality of impulse noise models, a first power corresponding to the Gaussian background noise and a second power corresponding to the impulse noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of first powers and a plurality of second powers;

[0161] determining an average total noise power of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on a sum of the plurality of first powers and the plurality of second powers, to obtain a plurality of average total noise powers;

[0162] Based on multiple ratios corresponding to multiple first powers and multiple second powers, multiple first probability density functions and multiple average total noise powers, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes is determined to obtain multiple instantaneous noise powers.

[0163] In some possible embodiments, in determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on multiple channel fading coefficient sets and multiple instantaneous noise powers, the processing unit 802 is specifically configured to:

[0164] Obtain the total transmit power of the relay communication system;

[0165] determining a first transmit power of each of the source node and the at least one relay node based on the total transmit power to obtain a plurality of first transmit powers;

[0166] Determining an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and at least one relay node based on multiple first transmit powers, multiple channel fading coefficient sets, and multiple instantaneous noise powers, to obtain multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets;

[0167] determining a bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the plurality of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain a plurality of first bit error rates;

[0168] Acquire a forwarding strategy of each relay node in the at least one relay node of the relay communication system to obtain at least one forwarding strategy;

[0169] An overall bit error rate of the relay communication system is determined based on the at least one forwarding strategy and the plurality of first bit error rates.

[0170] In some possible embodiments, in determining the bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain multiple first bit error rates, the processing unit 802 is specifically configured to:

[0171] Acquire transmission environment data and transmission distances between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes to obtain a plurality of transmission environment data and a plurality of transmission distances;

[0172] determining a path loss parameter between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the plurality of transmission environment data, to obtain a plurality of path loss parameters;

[0173] determining a distribution feature of each instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set in a plurality of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain a plurality of first distribution features;

[0174] determining a variance of an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the plurality of first distribution features and the plurality of average total noise powers, to obtain a plurality of variances;

[0175] Obtaining a mean value of each channel fading coefficient set in a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets to obtain a plurality of first mean values;

[0176] Determining a mean of an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and at least one relay node based on multiple first mean values, multiple path loss parameters, multiple transmission distances, multiple first transmit powers, and multiple average total noise powers, to obtain multiple second mean values;

[0177] The bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node is determined based on the multiple variances and the multiple second means to obtain multiple first bit error rates.

[0178] In some possible embodiments, in determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data, the processing unit 802 is specifically configured to:

[0179] determining a distribution characteristic of the historical interval data to obtain a second distribution characteristic;

[0180] determining a queuing system model corresponding to the relay communication system based on the second distribution feature, where the queuing system model is used to reflect a transmission process of multiple data packets in the relay communication system;

[0181] Get the data packet generation rate of the source node within a preset time;

[0182] determining a packet arrival rate corresponding to the plurality of packets based on the packet generation rate;

[0183] Determine a third mean value corresponding to the time interval of state updates of the average information age based on the queuing system model and the packet arrival rate;

[0184] Based on the queuing system model, the corresponding relationship between the reception state update interval of the average information age, the service time and the waiting time is determined. The reception state update interval of the average information age is used to reflect the transmission delay of multiple data packets in the relay communication system. The service time is the time required for multiple data packets to be transmitted from the source node to the destination node, and the waiting time is the time required for multiple data packets to wait for transmission at the source node.

[0185] The average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean and the total bit error rate.

[0186] In some possible embodiments, in determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean, and the total bit error rate, the processing unit 802 is specifically configured to:

[0187] Determine a probability density function of the number of retransmissions based on the total bit error rate to obtain a second probability density function;

[0188] Obtaining a length and a symbol duration of a transport block corresponding to the plurality of data packets, where the transport block is used to transmit the plurality of data packets, the transport block includes at least one symbol, and the symbol duration is used to reflect a transmission time of the transport block;

[0189] Determining a fourth mean value corresponding to the service time based on the length of the transport block, the second probability density function, and the symbol duration;

[0190] determining a fifth mean corresponding to the waiting time based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean, and the fourth mean;

[0191] An average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the third mean, the fourth mean, and the fifth mean.

[0192] In some possible embodiments, the processing unit 802 is further configured to:

[0193] When the average information age is higher than a preset average information age threshold, determining a difference between the average information age and the average information age threshold;

[0194] Determine a first adjustment factor, a second adjustment factor, and a third adjustment factor based on the difference, wherein the first adjustment factor is used to adjust the total transmit power of the relay communication system, the second adjustment factor is used to adjust the average signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets in the relay communication system, and the third adjustment factor is used to adjust the data packet generation rate;

[0195] Adjusting the total transmit power based on the first adjustment factor to obtain a target total transmit power;

[0196] Adjusting the average signal-to-noise ratio based on the second adjustment factor to obtain a target average signal-to-noise ratio;

[0197] Adjusting the data packet generation rate based on a third adjustment factor to obtain a target data packet generation rate;

[0198] The target average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the target total transmit power, the target average signal-to-noise ratio, and the target data packet generation rate, so that the target average information age is lower than or equal to a preset average information age threshold.

[0199] See Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, electronic device 900 includes a transceiver 901, a processor 902, and a memory 903, which are connected via a bus 904. Memory 903 is used to store computer programs and data, and can transmit data stored in memory 903 to processor 902. The electronic device may be the aforementioned information age analysis device in the power line communication scenario, and processor 902 may be the aforementioned acquisition unit 801 and processing unit 802.

[0200] The processor 902 is configured to read the computer program in the memory 903 and perform the following operations:

[0201] Acquiring channel data of the relay communication system, the channel data including channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0202] determining a channel fading coefficient set of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the channel parameter data, to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets;

[0203] determining, based on the noise data, an instantaneous noise power of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers;

[0204] determining an overall bit error rate of the relay communication system based on a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets and a plurality of instantaneous noise powers;

[0205] Acquire historical interval data of multiple data packets in the relay communication system, the historical interval data including arrival time intervals of the multiple data packets arriving at the source node and service time intervals of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system;

[0206] Determine the average information age of a relay communication system based on the total bit error rate and historical interval data.

[0207] In some possible embodiments, the noise data includes data related to Gaussian background noise and impulse noise; in determining, based on the noise data, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes to obtain the plurality of instantaneous noise powers, the processor 902 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:

[0208] acquiring amplitude data of the impulse noise based on the noise data;

[0209] Determining, based on the amplitude data, an impulse noise model corresponding to noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of impulse noise models, wherein the plurality of impulse noise models are used to reflect a distribution of impulse noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0210] Obtaining a probability density function corresponding to each of the plurality of impulse noise models to obtain a plurality of first probability density functions, the plurality of first probability density functions being used to reflect the distribution of the amplitude of the impulse noise on the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes;

[0211] Determine, based on the noise data and the plurality of impulse noise models, a first power corresponding to the Gaussian background noise and a second power corresponding to the impulse noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of first powers and a plurality of second powers;

[0212] determining an average total noise power of a power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on a sum of the plurality of first powers and the plurality of second powers, to obtain a plurality of average total noise powers;

[0213] Based on multiple ratios corresponding to multiple first powers and multiple second powers, multiple first probability density functions and multiple average total noise powers, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes is determined to obtain multiple instantaneous noise powers.

[0214] In some possible embodiments, in determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on multiple channel fading coefficient sets and multiple instantaneous noise powers, the processor 902 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:

[0215] Obtain the total transmit power of the relay communication system;

[0216] determining a first transmit power of each of the source node and the at least one relay node based on the total transmit power to obtain a plurality of first transmit powers;

[0217] Determining an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and at least one relay node based on multiple first transmit powers, multiple channel fading coefficient sets, and multiple instantaneous noise powers, to obtain multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets;

[0218] determining a bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the plurality of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain a plurality of first bit error rates;

[0219] Acquire a forwarding strategy of each relay node in the at least one relay node of the relay communication system to obtain at least one forwarding strategy;

[0220] An overall bit error rate of the relay communication system is determined based on the at least one forwarding strategy and the plurality of first bit error rates.

[0221] In some possible embodiments, in determining the bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain multiple first bit error rates, the processor 902 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:

[0222] Acquire transmission environment data and transmission distances between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes to obtain a plurality of transmission environment data and a plurality of transmission distances;

[0223] determining a path loss parameter between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the plurality of transmission environment data, to obtain a plurality of path loss parameters;

[0224] determining a distribution feature of each instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set in a plurality of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain a plurality of first distribution features;

[0225] determining a variance of an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the plurality of first distribution features and the plurality of average total noise powers, to obtain a plurality of variances;

[0226] Obtaining a mean value of each channel fading coefficient set in a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets to obtain a plurality of first mean values;

[0227] Determining a mean of an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and at least one relay node based on multiple first mean values, multiple path loss parameters, multiple transmission distances, multiple first transmit powers, and multiple average total noise powers, to obtain multiple second mean values;

[0228] The bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node is determined based on the multiple variances and the multiple second means to obtain multiple first bit error rates.

[0229] In some possible embodiments, in determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the total bit error rate and historical interval data, the processor 902 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:

[0230] determining a distribution characteristic of the historical interval data to obtain a second distribution characteristic;

[0231] determining a queuing system model corresponding to the relay communication system based on the second distribution feature, where the queuing system model is used to reflect a transmission process of multiple data packets in the relay communication system;

[0232] Get the data packet generation rate of the source node within a preset time;

[0233] determining a packet arrival rate corresponding to the plurality of packets based on the packet generation rate;

[0234] Determine a third mean value corresponding to the time interval of state updates of the average information age based on the queuing system model and the packet arrival rate;

[0235] Based on the queuing system model, the corresponding relationship between the reception state update interval of the average information age, the service time and the waiting time is determined. The reception state update interval of the average information age is used to reflect the transmission delay of multiple data packets in the relay communication system. The service time is the time required for multiple data packets to be transmitted from the source node to the destination node, and the waiting time is the time required for multiple data packets to wait for transmission at the source node.

[0236] The average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean and the total bit error rate.

[0237] In some possible embodiments, in determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean, and the total bit error rate, the processor 902 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:

[0238] Determine a probability density function of the number of retransmissions based on the total bit error rate to obtain a second probability density function;

[0239] Obtaining a length and a symbol duration of a transport block corresponding to the plurality of data packets, where the transport block is used to transmit the plurality of data packets, the transport block includes at least one symbol, and the symbol duration is used to reflect a transmission time of the transport block;

[0240] Determining a fourth mean value corresponding to the service time based on the length of the transport block, the second probability density function, and the symbol duration;

[0241] determining a fifth mean corresponding to the waiting time based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean, and the fourth mean;

[0242] An average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the third mean, the fourth mean, and the fifth mean.

[0243] In some possible embodiments, the processor 902 is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0244] When the average information age is higher than a preset average information age threshold, determining a difference between the average information age and the average information age threshold;

[0245] Determine a first adjustment factor, a second adjustment factor, and a third adjustment factor based on the difference, wherein the first adjustment factor is used to adjust the total transmit power of the relay communication system, the second adjustment factor is used to adjust the average signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets in the relay communication system, and the third adjustment factor is used to adjust the data packet generation rate;

[0246] Adjust the total transmit power based on the first adjustment factor to obtain a target total transmit power;

[0247] Adjusting the average signal-to-noise ratio based on the second adjustment factor to obtain a target average signal-to-noise ratio;

[0248] Adjusting the data packet generation rate based on a third adjustment factor to obtain a target data packet generation rate;

[0249] The target average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the target total transmit power, the target average signal-to-noise ratio, and the target data packet generation rate, so that the target average information age is lower than or equal to a preset average information age threshold.

[0250] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement some or all steps of the method for implementing information age analysis in any power line communication scenario as described in any of the above method embodiments.

[0251] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and the computer program is operable to cause a computer to execute some or all of the steps of the information age analysis method in any power line communication scenario described in any of the above method embodiments.

[0252] It should be noted that for the aforementioned method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that this application is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to this application, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by this application.

[0253] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0254] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules can be electrical or other forms.

[0255] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment according to actual needs.

[0256] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a processing module, or each module may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into a single module. The above-mentioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or software program modules.

[0257] If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software program module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable memory. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a memory and includes a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned memory includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0258] The above is a detailed introduction to the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing information age in a power line communication scenario, characterized in that: A relay communication system applied to a power line communication scenario, the relay communication system being used to transmit multiple data packets, the relay communication system comprising multiple nodes, each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes communicating with each other via a power line, the multiple nodes comprising a source node, a destination node, and at least one relay node; the method comprising: Acquiring channel data of the relay communication system, the channel data including channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes; determining a channel fading coefficient set of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the channel parameter data, to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets; determining, based on the noise data, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers; determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on the multiple channel fading coefficient sets and the multiple instantaneous noise powers; Acquire historical interval data of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system, the historical interval data including arrival time intervals of the multiple data packets arriving at the source node and service time intervals of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system; An average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The noise data includes data related to Gaussian background noise and impulse noise; The determining, based on the noise data, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers comprises: acquiring amplitude data of the impulse noise based on the noise data; Determining, based on the amplitude data, an impulse noise model corresponding to noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of impulse noise models, wherein the plurality of impulse noise models are used to reflect a distribution of the impulse noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes; Obtaining a probability density function corresponding to each impulse noise model in the multiple impulse noise models to obtain multiple first probability density functions, where the multiple first probability density functions are used to reflect the distribution of the amplitude of the impulse noise on the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes; Determine, based on the noise data and the multiple impulse noise models, a first power corresponding to the Gaussian background noise and a second power corresponding to the impulse noise between each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes, to obtain multiple first powers and multiple second powers; determining an average total noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on a sum of the plurality of first powers and the plurality of second powers, to obtain a plurality of average total noise powers; Based on the multiple ratios corresponding to the multiple first powers and the multiple second powers, the multiple first probability density functions and the multiple average total noise powers, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes is determined to obtain multiple instantaneous noise powers.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein Determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on the multiple channel fading coefficient sets and the multiple instantaneous noise powers includes: Obtaining the total transmit power of the relay communication system; determining a first transmit power of each of the source node and the at least one relay node based on the total transmit power to obtain a plurality of first transmit powers; Determining an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the multiple first transmit powers, the multiple channel fading coefficient sets, and the multiple instantaneous noise powers, to obtain multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets; determining a bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain multiple first bit error rates; Acquire a forwarding strategy of the relay communication system at each relay node in the at least one relay node to obtain at least one forwarding strategy; An overall bit error rate of the relay communication system is determined based on the at least one forwarding strategy and the plurality of first bit error rates.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein The determining, based on the multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets, the bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node to obtain multiple first bit error rates includes: Acquire transmission environment data and transmission distances between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes to obtain a plurality of transmission environment data and a plurality of transmission distances; determining a path loss parameter between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the plurality of transmission environment data, to obtain a plurality of path loss parameters; determining a distribution feature of each instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set in the plurality of instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets to obtain a plurality of first distribution features; determining a variance of an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the multiple first distribution features and the multiple average total noise powers to obtain multiple variances; Obtaining a mean value of each channel fading coefficient set in the plurality of channel fading coefficient sets to obtain a plurality of first mean values; Determining a mean of an instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio set at each of the destination node and the at least one relay node based on the multiple first mean values, the multiple path loss parameters, the multiple transmission distances, the multiple first transmit powers, and the multiple average total noise powers, to obtain multiple second mean values; The bit error rate of each of the destination node and the at least one relay node is determined based on the multiple variances and the multiple second means to obtain the multiple first bit error rates.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data includes: determining a distribution characteristic of the historical interval data to obtain a second distribution characteristic; determining a queuing system model corresponding to the relay communication system based on the second distribution feature, wherein the queuing system model is used to reflect a transmission process of the plurality of data packets in the relay communication system; Obtaining a data packet generation rate of the source node within a preset time; determining a packet arrival rate corresponding to the plurality of packets based on the packet generation rate; Determine a third mean value corresponding to a time interval for updating a generation state of the average information age based on the queuing system model and the data packet arrival rate; Determining a correspondence between a time interval for updating the reception status of the average information age, a service time, and a waiting time based on the queuing system model, wherein the time interval for updating the reception status of the average information age is used to reflect a transmission delay of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system, the service time is the time required for the multiple data packets to be transmitted from the source node to the destination node, and the waiting time is the time required for the multiple data packets to wait for transmission at the source node; An average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean value, and the total bit error rate.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The determining the average information age of the relay communication system based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean, and the total bit error rate includes: Determine a probability density function of the number of retransmissions based on the total bit error rate to obtain a second probability density function; Obtaining a length and a symbol duration of a transport block corresponding to the multiple data packets, where the transport block is used to transmit the multiple data packets, the transport block includes at least one symbol, and the symbol duration is used to reflect a transmission time of the transport block; Determine a fourth mean value corresponding to the service time based on the length of the transport block, the second probability density function, and the symbol duration; determining a fifth mean value corresponding to the waiting time based on the corresponding relationship, the third mean value, and the fourth mean value; An average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the third mean, the fourth mean, and the fifth mean.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The method further comprises: When the average information age is higher than a preset average information age threshold, determining a difference between the average information age and the average information age threshold; determining a first adjustment factor, a second adjustment factor, and a third adjustment factor based on the difference, wherein the first adjustment factor is used to adjust the total transmit power of the relay communication system, the second adjustment factor is used to adjust the average signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to multiple instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio sets in the relay communication system, and the third adjustment factor is used to adjust the data packet generation rate; Adjust the total transmit power based on the first adjustment factor to obtain a target total transmit power; Adjusting the average signal-to-noise ratio based on the second adjustment factor to obtain a target average signal-to-noise ratio; adjusting the data packet generation rate based on the third adjustment factor to obtain a target data packet generation rate; A target average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the target total transmit power, the target average signal-to-noise ratio, and the target data packet generation rate, so that the target average information age is lower than or equal to the preset average information age threshold.

8. An information age analysis device in a power line communication scenario, characterized in that: A relay communication system for use in a power line communication scenario, the relay communication system being used to transmit multiple data packets, the relay communication system comprising multiple nodes, wherein each group of adjacent nodes in the multiple nodes communicates with each other via a power line, the multiple nodes comprising a source node, a destination node, and at least one relay node; the device comprising an acquisition unit and a processing unit; The acquiring unit is configured to acquire channel data of the relay communication system, wherein the channel data includes channel parameter data and noise data between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes; The processing unit is configured to determine a channel fading coefficient set of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes based on the channel parameter data, to obtain a plurality of channel fading coefficient sets; determining, based on the noise data, the instantaneous noise power of the power line between each group of adjacent nodes in the plurality of nodes, to obtain a plurality of instantaneous noise powers; determining a total bit error rate of the relay communication system based on the multiple channel fading coefficient sets and the multiple instantaneous noise powers; Acquire historical interval data of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system, the historical interval data including arrival time intervals of the multiple data packets arriving at the source node and service time intervals of the multiple data packets in the relay communication system; An average information age of the relay communication system is determined based on the total bit error rate and the historical interval data.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A processor and a memory, the processor being connected to the memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, and the processor being used to execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the electronic device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor is caused to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images