Cell selection for passive devices

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. In some cases, an energy receiver (e.g., a passive radio frequency identifier (RFID) device) may receive one or more messages from one or more energy transmitters (e.g., a network entity), each message identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter and additional corresponding cell information, and indicating one or more resources, the energy receiver may receive a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter on the one or more resources. The energy receiver may receive the reference signal and perform a measurement on the reference signal. In some cases, the energy receiver may select a cell based on the reference signal (e.g., the measurement) and the energy transmitter supporting energy harvesting. The energy receiver may transmit a second message indicating the selected cell associated with the energy transmitter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following relates to wireless communications, including cell selection by passive devices. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communications for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0003] Some wireless communication systems may support communication between an energy transmitter device and an energy receiver device. The energy receiver device may collect energy from an energy signal sent by the energy transmitter device in order to convey a signal to the energy transmitter device. However, in some cases, the energy receiver device may not communicate effectively with the cell of the energy transmitter device. Summary of the invention

[0004] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices and apparatuses for supporting cell selection of passive devices. For example, the described technology provides cell selection performed by an energy receiver device (e.g., a passive radio frequency identifier (RFID) device, a user equipment (UE)). In some examples, the energy receiver device may select a cell for communicating with an energy transmitter device (e.g., a network entity) based on cell information and a reference signal sent by the energy transmitter device. For example, one or more energy transmitter devices may send one or more first messages that identify cell information such as a cell associated with one of the energy transmitter devices, and indicate one or more resources on which the energy receiver device may receive a reference signal for cell selection. In addition, the one or more messages may indicate whether the energy transmitter device supports energy collection, as well as other cell information. After receiving the cell information and one or more reference signals from one or more energy transmitter devices, the energy receiver device may backscatter the cell information to the energy transmitter device. For example, based on measurements of the one or more reference signals (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements), the energy receiver device may select a cell and indicate the selection back to the corresponding energy transmitter device (e.g., via backscatter, transmission).

[0005] A method for wireless communication at an energy receiver device is described. The method may include: receiving one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device; receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources; and sending a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0006] An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy receiver device is described. The apparatus may include: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, the instructions being executable by the at least one processor to cause the energy receiver device to: receive one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device; receive the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources; and send a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0007] Another apparatus for wireless communication at an energy receiver device is described. The apparatus may include: a component for receiving one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device; a component for receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources; and a component for sending a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at an energy receiver device is described. The code may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor to perform the following operations: receiving one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device; receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources; and sending a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0009] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the one or more messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy harvesting.

[0010] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for identifying the cell associated with the energy transmitter device based on an orthogonal sequence of the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices may be associated with an orthogonal sequence in a set of orthogonal sequences that includes the orthogonal sequence.

[0011] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for identifying the cell associated with the energy transmitter device based on resources associated with the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices may be associated with a resource in a set of resources that includes the resource, and the resource includes a frequency resource, a time resource, or a combination thereof.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for identifying a cell identifier of the cell based on a mapping between a set of cell identifiers and a corresponding set of resources for the one or more messages, wherein the set of resources includes frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the one or more messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating at least one type of energy receiver device supported by the energy transmitter device that sent the message.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the one or more messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating a periodicity of the reference signal, a number of reference signals to be sent by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof; receiving the reference signal on the one or more resources according to the configuration; and selecting the cell based on the configuration and the periodicity of the reference signal.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the one or more messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a maximum repetition associated with the second message.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: decoding the one or more messages received from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices; and sending the second message based on successfully decoding the one or more messages.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, means, or instructions for sending the second message based on the measured signal strength value of the reference signal exceeding a threshold.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: performing a measurement procedure on reference signals from a set of multiple cells including the cell; and sending the second message indicating the cell based on the indicated cell having the highest signal strength in the set of multiple cells.

[0019] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: generating a metric for each cell associated with the one or more energy transmitter devices based at least in part on: an average measured RSRP of one or more reference signals received over a period of time, a highest measured RSRP of a reference signal in a time window, an average measured RSRP of one or more highest measured RSRPs of one or more reference signals, or an average measured RSRP of one or more RSRPs exceeding a threshold for one or more reference signals; and selecting the cell based on the metric.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending the second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending the second message indicating a physical cell identifier (PCI) associated with the cell selected by the energy receiver device, wherein each of the one or more messages indicates a PCI.

[0021] A method for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device is described. The method may include: sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device in one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device; sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources; and receiving a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0022] An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device is described. The apparatus may include: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, the instructions being executable by the at least one processor to cause the energy transmitter device to: send one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device in one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device; send the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources; and receive a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device is described. The apparatus may include: a component for sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device in one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device; a component for sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources; and a component for receiving a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device is described. The code may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor to perform the following operations: sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device in one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device; sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources; and receiving a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0025] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending the one or more messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy collection.

[0026] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each energy transmitter device of the one or more energy transmitter devices may be associated with an orthogonal sequence in a set of orthogonal sequences.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each of the one or more energy transmitter devices may be associated with a resource in a resource set that includes the one or more resources, and the one or more resources include frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each of the one or more messages identifies the cell based at least in part on a mapping between a set of cell identifiers and a corresponding set of resources for the one or more messages, wherein the set of resources includes frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0029] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending the one or more messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating at least one type of energy receiver device supported by the energy transmitter device sending the message.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending the one or more messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating the periodicity of the reference signal, the number of reference signals to be sent by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof; and sending the reference signal on the one or more resources according to the configuration.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending the one or more messages may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a maximum repetition associated with the second message.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the second message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the second message based on the energy receiver device successfully decoding the one or more messages.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving the second message based on a measured signal strength value of the reference signal exceeding a threshold.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving the second message based on the cell having the highest signal strength in a set of multiple cells, the second message indicating the cell selected by the energy receiver device.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving the second message, the second message indicating a PCI associated with the cell selected by the energy receiver device, wherein each of the one or more messages indicates a PCI. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figures 1 to 3 An example of a wireless communication system supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0037] Figure 4 An example of a timeline supporting cell selection for a passive device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0038] Figure 5 and Figure 6 An example of a process flow for supporting cell selection for a passive device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0039] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram of a device supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Fig. 9 A block diagram of a communications manager supporting cell selection for passive devices is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0041] Fig.10A diagram of a system including a device supporting cell selection for a passive device is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0042] Fig.11 and Fig.12 A block diagram of a device supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0043] Fig.13 A block diagram of a communications manager supporting cell selection for passive devices is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0044] Fig.14 A diagram of a system including a device supporting cell selection for a passive device is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figures 15 to 20 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Some wireless communication systems may support communication between energy transfer devices, such as between an energy transmitter device and an energy receiver device. The energy receiver device may be a low-power or passive communication device, such as a radio frequency identifier (RFID) device, a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device, a user equipment (UE), or some other energy receiver device, which uses energy collected from signals received at the communication device to power one or more components of the communication device and communicate with the energy transmitter device. The energy transmitter device may be a communication device, such as a network entity, a base station, an RFID reader, or some other energy transmitter device, which may send an energy signal to the energy receiver device, which may be collected by the energy receiver device to support communication of other signals between the energy transmitter device and the energy receiver device.

[0047] In some examples, an energy receiver device (e.g., a passive device) may be under the coverage of multiple cells. In order to access the energy transmitter device, the energy receiver device may select a favorable cell and backscatter relevant information to the corresponding energy transmitter device to establish communication with the energy transmitter device. However, these and other techniques used in the deployment of the energy collection process may lack efficiency and effectiveness. For example, the energy receiver device may select a defective cell or may lack technology for selecting sufficient cells. In addition, the energy transmitter device may not be able to provide information to assist the energy receiver device in cell selection, which may result in reduced energy collection and reduced communication quality between the energy receiver device and the energy transmitter device.

[0048] The techniques described herein may support improved cell selection by an energy receiver device (e.g., a passive device). In some examples, the energy receiver device may select a cell for communicating with an energy transmitter device (e.g., a network entity) based on cell information and a reference signal sent by the energy transmitter device. For example, one or more energy transmitter devices may send one or more first messages that identify cell information such as a cell associated with one of the energy transmitter devices, and indicate one or more resources on which the energy receiver device may receive a reference signal for cell selection. In addition, the one or more messages may indicate whether the energy transmitter device supports energy collection, as well as other cell information. After receiving the cell information and one or more reference signals from one or more energy transmitter devices, the energy receiver device may backscatter the cell information to the energy transmitter device. For example, based on a measurement of the one or more reference signals (e.g., a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement), the energy receiver device may select a cell and indicate the selection back to the corresponding energy transmitter device.

[0049] The reference signal may be a dedicated reference signal for such purpose, may be an existing reference signal sequence or design regarding resources configured for measurement by the energy receiver device, or may be the use or reuse of an existing reference signal sent by the energy sending device (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a synchronization signal block (SSB) (including one or more of the primary synchronization signal (PSS), the secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and the DMRS of the physical broadcast channel (PBCH))).

[0050] Various aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential improvements, among other things. The techniques employed by the described communication device may enable cell selection of a passive device, thereby supporting improved communication between an energy receiver device and an energy transmitter device. For example, by selecting a cell based on cell information and reference signals transmitted by one or more energy transmitter devices, the energy receiver device may improve energy harvesting techniques by establishing communication with an energy transmitter device that supports energy harvesting. In addition, the described cell selection operation may improve the quality of communication between the energy receiver device and the energy transmitter device, among other benefits.

[0051] Aspects of the disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Aspects of the disclosure are then described in the context of a timeline and process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow diagrams related to cell selection for a passive device.

[0052] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting cell selection for passive devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0053] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100, and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UE 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area), and the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125 over the coverage area. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may support signal communications according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0054] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices such as Figure 1 Other UEs 115 or network entities 105 are shown communicating.

[0055] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0056] In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or communicate with each other, or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3 or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other through the backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn or other interface protocols) directly (e.g., directly between each network entity 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to the midhaul interface protocol) or the fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to the fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link 120, the midhaul communication link 162, or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be or may include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc. or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0057] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0058] In some examples, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0059] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between CU 160 and DU 165 such that CU 160 may support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 may support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 may host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DUs 165 and the RUs 170, such that the DUs 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RUs 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DUs 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between CU 160 and DU 165 or between DU 165 and RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer may be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on interfaces (eg, channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 communicating over those communication links.

[0060] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be controlled in part by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such a case, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0061] Where the techniques described herein are applied to the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support cell selection for passive devices as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0062] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, a client, or the like. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as: a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a multimedia / entertainment device (e.g., a radio, an MP3 player, a video device), a camera, a gaming device, a navigation / positioning device (e.g., a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) device based on, for example, GPS (Global Positioning System), Beidou, GLONASS or Galileo, ground-based equipment, etc.), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a smartbook, a personal computer, a smart device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, virtual reality goggles, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet)), a drone, a robot / robotic device, a vehicle, an in-vehicle device, a meter (e.g., a parking meter, an electricity meter, a gas meter, a water meter), a monitor, a gas pump, an appliance (e.g., a kitchen appliance, a washing machine, a dryer), a location tag, a medical / health care device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an IoT device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various items such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0063] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices such as other UEs 115 which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 shown.

[0064] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure to support the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send," "receive," or "communicate," when referring to the network entity 105, may refer to any portion of the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN that communicates with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0065] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be located according to a channel raster for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be performed by UE 115 via the carrier, or a carrier may operate in a non-standalone mode, in which case the connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or different radio access technology).

[0066] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from the network entity 105 to the UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from the UE 115 to the network entity 105, or both, as well as other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry downlink communications or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry downlink communications and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0067] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths of carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4 megahertz (MHz), 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz). A device of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication on a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communication on one of the carrier bandwidths in the set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a network entity 105 or a UE 115 that supports concurrent communication via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate on a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0068] The signal waveform transmitted by the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that the more resource elements a device receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate of the device may be. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers, beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0069] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, where the numerologies may include subcarrier spacing (Δf) and cyclic prefixes. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time, and communications of a UE 115 may be constrained to one or more active BWPs.

[0070] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δfmax It can represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0071] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of a cyclic prefix added before each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, a time slot may also be divided into a plurality of mini-time slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may include one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0072] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmit time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0073] Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier using one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth or a subset of a system bandwidth of a carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 may monitor or search a control region to obtain control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0074] The network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with the network entity 105 (e.g., on a carrier), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other) used to distinguish adjacent cells. In some examples, a cell may also refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) on which a logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105, such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas. For example, a cell may be or may include a building, a subset of a building, or an external space between or overlapping coverage areas 110, and the like.

[0075] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider that supports the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower power network entity 105 (e.g., a lower power base station 140) (compared to a macro cell), and the small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency band as the macro cell. A small cell may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with a small cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). A network entity 105 may support one or more cells, and may also use one or more component carriers to support communications on one or more cells.

[0076] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access to different types of devices.

[0077] In some examples, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) may be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0078] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the network entities 105 may have different frame timing, and in some examples, transmissions from different network entities 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous operation or asynchronous operation.

[0079] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may allow automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that utilizes the information or presents the information to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include: smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, health care monitoring, field survival monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging. In one aspect, the technology disclosed herein may be applicable to MTC or IoT UEs. MTC or IoT UE may include MTC / enhanced MTC (eMTC, also known as CAT-M, Cat M1) UE, NB-IoT (also known as CAT NB1) UE, and other types of UE. eMTC and NB-IoT may refer to future technologies that may evolve from or be based on these technologies. For example, eMTC may include FeMTC (further eMTC), eFeMTC (further enhanced eMTC), mMTC (massive MTC), and NB-IoT may include eNB-IoT (enhanced NB-IoT) and FeNB-IoT (further enhanced NB-IoT).

[0080] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ a reduced power consumption mode of operation, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but does not transmit and receive concurrently). In some examples, half-duplex communication may be performed with a reduced peak rate. Other power saving techniques for UE 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a subcarrier or resource block (RB) set) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside a carrier.

[0081] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication, and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video, or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency are used interchangeably herein.

[0082] In some examples, a UE 115 may be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communication may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured or scheduled by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may be outside of the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, the network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105 .

[0083] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be delivered through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to an IP service 150 for one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0084] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features that may be referred to as clusters, but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) than transmission using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0085] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may use licensed assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in unlicensed bands such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in an unlicensed RF spectrum band, devices such as network entities 105 and UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on carrier aggregation configurations (e.g., LAA) in conjunction with component carriers operating in licensed bands. Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, and the like.

[0086] The network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels that can support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may have an antenna array having a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0087] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating in a particular direction relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals conveyed via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular direction (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other direction).

[0088] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. The RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate through logical channels. The MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels to transport channels. The MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC protocol layer may provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection for a radio bearer that supports user plane data between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 or the core network 130. At the PHY layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.

[0089] The wireless communication system 100 may support wireless communication between energy transfer devices, such as wireless communication between an energy transmitter device and an energy receiver device. Examples of energy transmitter devices include network entities 105, base stations 140, and RFID readers, as well as other energy transmitter devices. That is, the energy transmitter device may be a communication device that may send an energy signal to an energy receiver device, which may be collected by the energy receiver device to support communication of other signals (e.g., information signals) between the energy transmitter device and the energy receiver device. For example, the energy receiver device may collect energy from the energy signal and use the energy to power one or more components of the energy receiver device and communicate with the energy transmitter device (e.g., process received information signals, transmit information signals, backscatter information signals). Examples of energy receiver devices include RFID tags, wireless powered IoT devices (e.g., devices that can collect energy, such as passive devices, semi-passive devices, active tags), wireless powered IoE devices, and UE 115 (e.g., low power or low complexity UE 115), as well as other energy receiver devices. That is, the energy receiver device may be a communication device that performs wireless communication using energy collected (e.g., at least partially) from received energy signals.

[0090] In some examples, energy transmitter devices such as RFID systems can be utilized due to economic benefits in inventory and asset management inside and outside warehouses, IoT connections, sustainable sensor networks in factory environments and agricultural environments, and smart homes, etc. In some examples, the RFID system may include a small transponder (e.g., a tag, an RFID tag) that can send (backscatter) a signal carrying information when a signal is received (e.g., from an energy transmitter device). Some RFID systems can operate without batteries at low operating costs, low maintenance costs, and long life cycles. In some cases, passive RFID devices can collect energy in the air to power the sending and receiving circuit systems, where the signal can be backscattered modulated. Some RFID systems may include readers and tags, where the tags can be passive devices, semi-passive devices, or active devices. If the tag is a passive device, the energy receiver device can operate without batteries at low operating costs, low maintenance costs, and long life cycles.

[0091] In some cases, to manage passive IoT devices, the network entity may read and write information stored on the passive IoT device, provide energy to the passive IoT device (e.g., the network entity is an energy transmitter device and the passive IoT device is an energy receiver device), or both. Additionally, the passive IoT device may reflect a signal carrying information to the network entity, and the network entity may read the reflected signal to decode the information sent by the passive IoT device.

[0092] According to the examples disclosed herein, the wireless communication system 100 may support cell selection by an energy receiver device (e.g., a passive device). In some examples, the energy receiver device may select a cell for communicating with an energy transmitter device (e.g., a network entity) based on cell information and a reference signal sent by the energy transmitter device. For example, one or more energy transmitter devices may send one or more first messages, the one or more first messages identifying cell information such as a cell associated with one of the energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources, on which the energy receiver device may receive a reference signal for cell selection. In addition, the one or more messages may indicate whether the energy transmitter device supports energy collection, as well as other cell information. After receiving the cell information and one or more reference signals from one or more energy transmitter devices, the energy receiver device may backscatter the cell information to the energy transmitter device. For example, based on a measurement of the one or more reference signals (e.g., an RSRP measurement), the energy receiver device may select a cell and indicate the selection back to the corresponding energy transmitter device.

[0093] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 200 may implement reference Figure 1 Various aspects of the wireless communication system 100 described herein may be implemented by various aspects of the wireless communication system. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include an energy transmitter 205 and an energy receiver 210. In some examples, the energy transmitter 205 may be a reference Figure 1 In some examples, the energy receiver 210 may be a reference Figure 1 An example of an energy receiver device or UE 115 is described. The wireless communication system 200 may support cell selection by the energy receiver 210 based on cell information transmitted from the energy transmitter 205, which may result in more efficient power collection and improved communication between the energy transmitter 205 and the energy receiver 210, among other benefits.

[0094] The wireless communication system 200 may support communication between the energy transmitter 205 and the energy receiver 210. For example, the energy transmitter 205 may communicate signals with the energy receiver 210 via a corresponding communication link 215, which may be a reference Figure 1 An example of a communication link 125 is described. In some examples, the energy receiver 210 can communicate with multiple energy transmitters 205 via multiple corresponding communication links 215.

[0095] To support communication between the energy transmitter 205 and the energy receiver 210, the energy transmitter 205 may be configured to perform wireless power transfer to the energy receiver 210. In some examples, the energy transmitter 205 may transmit an energy signal to the energy receiver 210 via a channel (e.g., through the communication link 215), and the energy receiver 210 may perform energy harvesting to harvest energy from the energy signal for powering one or more components of the energy receiver 210. For example, the energy accumulated during the energy harvesting operation may be used to power an IC (e.g., or another chip) at the energy receiver 210, which may perform local computations (e.g., decoding).

[0096] As described herein, the energy receiver 210 may perform cell selection based on cell information and reference signals 230 received from one or more energy transmitters 205. For example, the energy receiver 210 may be under the coverage of multiple cells (e.g., corresponding to multiple energy transmitters 205). The energy receiver 210 may receive one or more messages 220 from the corresponding energy transmitter 205, each message identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter 205 and indicating one or more resources 225, on which the energy receiver 210 may receive a reference signal 230 for cell selection. The message 220 may be a message formatted to include a cell identifier, other or additional cell information, or both (e.g., a selection command message formatted according to an RFID protocol). For example, the message 220 may identify a cell associated with the energy transmitter 205 using a PCI indicated in a selection command field. In addition, the message 220 may indicate whether the energy transmitter 205 supports energy harvesting (e.g., fully supported, temporarily supported, or not supported at all). For example, if the energy transmitter 205 supports energy harvesting, the energy receiver 210 (e.g., a passive device) may select the corresponding cell and effectively communicate with the energy transmitter 205 because the energy receiver 210 may harvest sufficient energy from the energy transmitter 205. Alternatively, if the energy transmitter 205 lacks support for energy harvesting, the energy receiver 210 may refrain from selecting the corresponding cell because the energy receiver 210 may fail to harvest sufficient energy from the energy transmitter 205.

[0097] Additionally, the message 220 may indicate at least one type of energy receiver 210 supported by the energy transmitter 205 that sends the message 220. For example, the energy transmitter 205 may indicate support for fully passive devices, semi-passive devices, or both. In some examples, the message 220 may indicate a reference signal configuration that the energy transmitter 205 may use to send a reference signal 230 to the energy receiver 210. The reference signal configuration may include the periodicity of the reference signal 230 sent by the energy transmitter 205 (e.g., in the case where the energy receiver 210 is a semi-passive device), the number of reference signals 230 to be sent by the energy transmitter 205, or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the message 220 may indicate a maximum repetition of backscattering. That is, the energy transmitter 205 may configure the behavior of the energy receiver 210 regarding how many times (e.g., repeats) the energy receiver 210 may backscatter cell information to the energy transmitter 205 during a cell selection operation.

[0098] One or more energy transmitters 205 may periodically broadcast one or more messages 220 to the energy receiver 210 (e.g., in a system information block (SIB) or a master information block (MIB)). In some cases, one or more energy transmitters 205 that broadcast waveforms to the energy receiver 210 at the same time and at the same frequency may broadcast corresponding PCIs, so that the energy receiver 210 can distinguish each transmission from the corresponding energy transmitter 205. For example, each PCI corresponding to the corresponding energy transmitter 205 may be represented by a different orthogonal sequence, so that the energy receiver 210 can blindly decode the information in the message 220 based on the set of orthogonal PCIs to determine which PCI is being sent in the message 220. That is, the energy receiver 210 can identify the cell associated with the energy transmitter 205 based on the orthogonal sequence of the one or more messages 220, wherein each energy transmitter in the plurality of energy transmitters 205 is associated with one orthogonal sequence in the set of orthogonal sequences that includes the orthogonal sequence.

[0099] Alternatively, different cell identifiers (e.g., PCI) may be associated with different frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof that are FDM or TDM. For example, the energy receiver 210 may identify a cell associated with the energy transmitter 205 based on a resource 225 associated with one or more messages 220, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitters 205 is associated with one of a set of resources including the resource 225, and the resource 225 is a frequency resource, a time resource, or a combination thereof.

[0100] In some cases, the energy receiver 210 may identify a cell identifier (e.g., PCI) of a cell associated with the energy transmitter 205 based on a mapping between a set of cell identifiers (e.g., a set of PCIs) and a corresponding set of resources, which includes one or more resources 225 used by the energy transmitter 205 to send one or more messages 220. These resources may include frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the energy receiver 210 may determine a cell identifier based on the position of a waveform sent by the energy transmitter 205, where the energy transmitter 205 has a fixed position (e.g., in a static scene). Since the energy receiver 210 may lack timing information about when the energy transmitter 205 may send one or more messages 220, the mapping may be performed between the set of cell identifiers and the corresponding set of frequency resources.

[0101] After receiving one or more messages 220 from one or more energy transmitters 205, the energy receiver 210 may receive a reference signal 230 from the energy transmitter 205 on one or more resources 225 (e.g., frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof). The energy receiver 210 may receive the reference signal 230 according to the reference signal configuration (e.g., with a specific periodicity). In some cases, the energy receiver 210 may select a cell based on performing measurements on the reference signal 230 and backscatter the cell information to the energy transmitter 205. For example, the energy receiver 210 may select a cell based on the reference signal 230 and the energy transmitter 205 supporting energy harvesting. Therefore, the energy receiver 210 may send a second message 235 to the energy transmitter 205, the second message 235 indicating the selected cell. Therefore, the energy receiver 210 may backscatter the cell information (e.g., the PCI of the selected cell) to the energy transmitter 205 in the second message 235.

[0102] In some cases, the energy receiver 210 may select a cell associated with the energy transmitter 205 based on the reference signal configuration and the periodicity of the reference signal 230 transmitted by the energy transmitter 205. Alternatively, the energy receiver 210 may decode one or more messages 220 received from one or more corresponding energy transmitters 205, and the energy receiver 210 may transmit a second message 235 (e.g., backscatter cell information) based on successfully decoding the one or more messages 220.

[0103] In some examples, the energy receiver 210 may measure the channel quality or signal strength (e.g., RSRP, reference signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ)) of the reference signal 230, and backscatter the cell information based on the measurement. For example, the energy receiver 210 may send the second message 235 based on the signal strength value of the reference signal 230 (e.g., measured RSRP, RSSI, or RSRQ) exceeding a threshold. That is, the energy receiver 210 may define a threshold for the measurement of the reference signal 230, and backscatter the cell information to the energy transmitter 205 when the measurement value exceeds the threshold. Alternatively, the energy receiver 210 may define a threshold for the number of measured cells, and the energy receiver 210 may backscatter the cell information of the cell with the highest measurement result. For example, the energy receiver 210 may perform a measurement procedure on the reference signal 230 from a set of cells including the cell associated with the energy transmitter 205. The energy receiver 210 may send a second message 235 indicating a cell associated with the energy transmitter 205 based on the indicated cell having the highest signal strength (e.g., measured as RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, or other signal strength parameter) in the set of cells. Thus, if the corresponding energy transmitter 205 supports energy harvesting, the energy receiver 210 may select the cell corresponding to the reference signal 230 having the highest signal strength.

[0104] Alternatively, the energy receiver 210 may be configured (e.g., by an upper layer) to calculate a metric (e.g., cellRSQuality_cell_i) for each cell (e.g., each cell i) based on measuring one or more reference signals 230 transmitted by one or more energy transmitters 205. For example, the energy receiver 210 may generate the metric based on averaging the RSRP measurements of all reference signals 230 (e.g., four consecutive reference signals) transmitted from one or more energy transmitters 205 over a period of time. Alternatively, the energy receiver 210 may generate the metric using the highest (e.g., strongest) RSRP measurement of all reference signals 230 transmitted by one or more energy transmitters 205 and measured over a period of time. In some examples, the energy receiver 210 may generate the metric based on averaging the number X of the highest RSRP measurements over a period of time, where the number X is less than a predefined value Y. In some cases, the energy receiver 210 may generate the metric based on averaging all RSRPs measured for all reference signals 230 transmitted by one or more energy transmitters 205, the value of which (e.g., in dBm) is above a certain threshold Z (e.g., RSRP>Z dBm). In addition, the energy transmitter 205 may preconfigure or dynamically indicate the values ​​X, Y, and Z. In some cases, the energy receiver 210 may select a cell based on the value of the metric and send a second message 235 indicating the selected cell to the energy transmitter 205.

[0105] The energy receiver 210 may be configured to apply a measurement offset (e.g., cellRSoffset_i) to the reference signal measurement of each cell i to perform cell selection. The measurement offset may be indicated by the corresponding cell based on the coverage or transmit power of the cell and the operator priority handling configuration. In some examples, the energy receiver 210 may calculate the measurement offset cellRSQuality_cell_i–cellRSoffset_i to determine whether the energy transmitter 205 supports sufficient energy collection for the energy receiver 210. For example, the energy receiver 210 may prohibit camping on a cell where cellRSQuality_cell_i–cellRSoffset_i<0. Additionally or alternatively, the energy receiver 210 may rank the cells based on the cell's corresponding measurement offsets and determine to camp on the cell with the highest quality ranking (e.g., the maximum cellRSQuality_cell_i parameter or the highest cellRSQuality_cell_i-cellRSoffset_i).

[0106] After selecting a cell, the energy receiver 210 may directly backscatter the PCI corresponding to the selected cell to the energy transmitter 205 via the second message 235. If multiple energy receivers 210 communicate with the energy transmitter 205, each energy receiver 210 may backscatter a waveform to the corresponding energy transmitter 205 at the same time and at the same frequency. In order to avoid conflicts between multiple waveforms, each energy receiver 210 may backscatter cell information (e.g., PCI) using a different number of repetitions. That is, each backscatter frequency link and the corresponding PCI corresponding to the corresponding energy receiver 210 may have a different number of repetitions.

[0107] Additionally or alternatively, the backscatter link frequency may be linked to a specific cell identifier (e.g., a specific PCI), where different cells may correspond to different resource pools. Thus, each energy receiver 210 may use different frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof to backscatter corresponding cell information to the energy transmitter 205 while avoiding conflicts, where the tag hash of the energy receiver 210 may be based on the tag identifier (e.g., the identifier of the corresponding energy receiver 210). Alternatively, different cells may correspond to a common resource pool, where the tag hash may be based on both the tag identifier and the cell identifier (e.g., PCI), where in addition to the cell identifier, the energy receiver 210 may also backscatter the tag identifier to the energy transmitter 205. In some examples, using the mapping between the set of cell identifiers and the set of one or more resources, the energy receiver 210 may backscatter the cell information at a preconfigured frequency (e.g., using a mapping rule between a PCI set and a frequency shift).

[0108] By performing cell selection based on the cell information and reference signal 230 received from one or more energy transmitters 205, communication between the energy transmitter 205 and the energy receiver 210 may be improved. For example, the cell information received in the one or more messages 220 may assist the energy receiver 210 in selecting a cell corresponding to one of the energy transmitters 205 and ensure that the energy transmitter 205 corresponding to the selected cell supports energy harvesting so that the energy receiver 210 may accumulate sufficient energy for communication with the energy transmitter 205. In addition, backscattering the cell information to the energy transmitter 205 in the second message 235 may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the cell selection process, thereby increasing the power reliability of the energy receiver 210, among other benefits.

[0109] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system 300 supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 300 may respectively implement reference Figure 1 and Figure 2Various aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200 described above may be implemented by various aspects of these wireless communication systems. For example, the wireless communication system 300 may include an energy transmitter 305 and an energy receiver 310, which may be reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of corresponding devices described.

[0110] The wireless communication system 300 may support communication between the energy transmitter 305 and the energy receiver 310. For example, the energy transmitter 305 may communicate signals with the energy receiver 310 via the communication link 315, which may be respectively referenced to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The wireless communication system 300 may support cell selection by the energy receiver 310 based on cell information and reference signals transmitted by one or more energy transmitters 305, such as reference Figure 2 as described.

[0111] The energy receiver 310 may include various components that support signaling communications with the energy transmitter 305. For example, the energy receiver 310 may include an antenna 320 that supports reception of signals transmitted by the energy transmitter 305 and transmission of signals to the energy transmitter 305. The energy receiver 310 may also include an impedance matcher 325 (e.g., coupled to the antenna 320). The impedance matcher 325 may be a fixed or adjustable component that may set the impedance of a line from the antenna 320. The absorption or reflection of a signal received at the antenna 320 may be based on the impedance of the impedance matcher 325.

[0112] The energy receiver 310 may include a power harvester 335 operable to harvest energy from an energy signal received from the energy transmitter 305. For example, the energy signal received from the energy transmitter 305 may be routed to the power harvester 335, which may harvest energy from the energy signal to power one or more components of the energy receiver 310. In some examples, the energy receiver 310 may include a regulator 340 operable to regulate the energy harvested by the power harvester 335. For example, the regulator 340 may regulate the energy to a voltage or current compatible with one or more components powered by the energy.

[0113] In addition, the energy receiver 310 may include a demodulator 330 that is operable to demodulate a signal received from the energy transmitter 305 and transmit the demodulated signal to a controller 345 included in the energy receiver 310. In some examples, the controller 345 may be an example of a microcontroller. The controller 345 may process the demodulated signal and perform one or more operations based on information included in the demodulated signal. For example, the controller 345 may operate a sensor 350 or an actuator 350 included in the energy receiver 310 (e.g., or coupled to the energy receiver, connected to the energy receiver) based on the information. For example, the controller 345 may activate the sensor 350, deactivate the sensor 350, read a measurement made by the sensor 350, activate the actuator 350, deactivate the actuator 350, or a combination thereof, as well as other operations that the controller 345 may perform.

[0114] In some examples, the controller 345 may transmit signaling to the modulator 355 to be transmitted to the energy transmitter 305. The modulator 355 may modulate the signaling according to the MCS and transmit the modulated signaling to the antenna 320 for transmission. For example, the modulator 355 may modulate the energy signal based on the determined CSI and transmit the modulated energy signal to the antenna 320 for transmission to the energy transmitter 305. Additionally, the modulator 355 may modulate identification information associated with the energy receiver 310, data, information associated with the operation of the energy receiver 310, or information associated with the sensor 350 or the actuator 350, as well as other types of signaling that may be modulated by the modulator 355 and transmitted to the energy transmitter 305.

[0115] The wireless communication system 300 may support various types of energy receivers 310. For example, a first type of energy receiver 310 may correspond to an energy receiver 310 that does not include or is not connected to a power source such as a battery 360 (but other types of power sources are also possible). Here, the components of the energy receiver 310 may be powered by energy collected from energy signals received at the energy receiver 310. For example, an RFID tag may operate without a battery 360 with low operating costs, low maintenance costs, and a long life cycle. A second type of energy receiver 310 may correspond to an energy receiver 310 that includes or is connected to a power source such as a battery 360. Here, the components of the energy receiver 310 may be powered by energy collected from an energy signal, a battery 360, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the power collected from the energy signal may be used to charge the battery 360, which may extend the battery life of the battery 360 and reduce the frequency of replacing the battery 360, among other benefits.

[0116] In some examples, one or more energy transmitters 305 may send one or more messages to the energy receiver 310, each message identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter 305 and indicating one or more resources on which the energy receiver 310 may receive a reference signal for cell selection. After receiving the one or more reference signals on the one or more resources, the energy receiver 310 may select a cell (e.g., based on a signal strength measurement of the reference signal) and backscatter the cell information of the selected cell back to the energy transmitter 305. The cell selection process may support different types of energy receivers 310. For example, a first type of energy receiver 310 (e.g., an RFID tag, a passive IoT device) may have a deterministic energy charging opportunity that may be suitable for a specific type and number of energy receivers 310 communicating with the energy transmitter 305, and may be a consideration in the cell selection process (e.g., the energy receiver 310 may communicate with an energy transmitter 305 that supports cell selection).

[0117] Figure 4 An example of a timeline 400 for supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The timeline 400 may be implemented as shown in FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Various aspects of the described wireless communication systems 100 and 200 may be implemented by various aspects of these wireless communication systems. For example, an energy receiver (e.g., a passive device, an RFID tag) may receive a reference signal from one or more energy transmitters (e.g., a network entity), perform cell selection based on the reference signal, and backscatter cell information corresponding to the selected cell back to the energy transmitter according to timeline 400.

[0118] As described herein, an energy receiver may receive one or more messages from one or more energy transmitters, each message identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter and indicating one or more resources (e.g., frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof), and the energy receiver may receive one or more reference signals from one or more energy transmitters on the one or more resources. In addition, each message may indicate whether the corresponding energy transmitter supports energy collection, as well as other cell information. The energy receiver may receive one or more reference signals on one or more resources, and select a cell based on measuring the signal strength of the reference signal (e.g., RSRP measurement, RSSI measurement, or RSRQ measurement). After selecting a cell, the energy receiver may backscatter the corresponding cell information to the energy transmitter. That is, the energy receiver may send a second message to the energy transmitter, which indicates an identifier (e.g., PCI) of the selected cell.

[0119] In some examples, the energy receiver may backscatter cell information according to timeline 400. For example, the energy receiver may be configured to perform cell selection and backscatter the PCI of the selected cell based on at least X reference signal measurements (e.g., a certain number of signal strength measurements of received reference signals). The energy receiver may backscatter the PCI of the selected cell over a span of a minimum time to a maximum time (e.g., [T 1,min ,T 1,max ]) after the immediate reference signal opportunity 405 in the time period 410. For example, the energy receiver may receive the first reference signal from the first energy receiver during the reference signal opportunity 405-a. 1,min and the maximum time T 1,max During the time period 410 between the reference signal opportunity 405-a and the minimum time T 1,min During the time period between t and t, the energy receiver may perform signal strength measurement on the received reference signal and select a cell based on the reference signal measurement and the corresponding energy transmitter supporting energy harvesting.

[0120] The energy receiver may continue to backscatter the information to the energy transmitter (e.g., in some cases, according to the number of repetitions) until time 415, which may be at least a time period T2 before the reference signal opportunity 405-b (e.g., the next reference signal opportunity 405). That is, the energy receiver may backscatter the cell information, which is selected based on the one or more reference signals sent in the reference signal opportunity 405-a, before performing additional measurements on the one or more reference signals sent in the reference signal opportunity 405-b. Therefore, the energy receiver may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of cell selection.

[0121] Figure 5An example of a process flow 500 for supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 500 may implement aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200, or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200. For example, the process flow 500 may illustrate operations between an energy transmitter 505-a, an energy transmitter 505-b, and an energy receiver 510, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein. In the following description of the process flow 500, operations between the energy transmitter 505-a, the energy transmitter 505-b, and the energy receiver 510 may be sent in an order different from the example order shown, or operations performed by the energy transmitter 505-a, the energy transmitter 505-b, and the energy receiver 510 may be performed in a different order or at a different time. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 500, and other operations may be added to the process flow 500.

[0122] At 515, the energy receiver 510 may receive a continuous waveform (eg, message) from the energy transmitter 505-a that identifies cell information without a PCI. That is, the waveform may not include a cell identifier associated with the energy transmitter 505-a.

[0123] At 520, the energy receiver 510 may receive a continuous waveform identifying cell information without PCI from the energy transmitter 505-b. That is, the energy receiver 510 may receive a message from the energy transmitter 505-a, the energy transmitter 505-b, or both, thereby supporting energy collection. In addition, the energy receiver 510 may receive one or more reference signals from the energy transmitter 505-a, the energy transmitter 505-b, or both.

[0124] At 525, after performing a measurement procedure on one or more reference signals (e.g., measuring RSRP, RSSI, RSRP or other signal strength indicators), the energy receiver 510 may select a cell and backscatter cell information corresponding to the selected cell to the energy transmitter 505-a, where the energy transmitter 505-a may be associated with the selected cell. The cell information may include the PCI of the selected cell, as well as other cell information. In some examples, the energy receiver 510 may maintain a timer that starts when the energy receiver 510 begins backscattering the cell information.

[0125] At 530 , the energy receiver 510 may repeat backscattering during a monitoring window 535 until the energy receiver 510 receives a response from the energy transmitter 505 - a or until a timer expires.

[0126] At 540, if the energy transmitter 505-a fails to respond to the energy receiver 510, the energy receiver 510 may maintain a timer and enter a sleep mode during the timer. In some examples, the energy receiver 510 may wake up and select a new cell and corresponding PCI to backscatter to the energy transmitter 505-a.

[0127] At 545 , the energy receiver 510 may receive a second continuous waveform identifying cell information without a PCI from the energy transmitter 505 - a .

[0128] At 550, the energy receiver 510 may receive a second continuous waveform identifying cell information without a PCI from the energy transmitter 505-b. In this case, if the energy receiver 310 selects a cell and identifies a corresponding PCI associated with the energy transmitter 505-b, the energy receiver 310 may reset a timer (e.g., or counter) and begin a new series of backscattering cell information to the energy transmitter 505-b.

[0129] At 555, the energy receiver 510 may backscatter cell information corresponding to the selected cell to the energy transmitter 505-b, where the energy transmitter 505-b may be associated with the selected cell. The cell information may include the PCI of the selected cell and other cell information.

[0130] At 560, the energy receiver 510 may repeat backscattering until the energy receiver 510 reaches a maximum number of allowed backscattering repetitions, or until the energy receiver 510 receives a response from the energy transmitter 505-b. Similarly, if the energy receiver 510 fails to receive a response from the energy transmitter 505-b, the energy receiver 510 may select a different cell and corresponding PCI for backscattering.

[0131] Figure 6 An example of a process flow 600 for supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 600 may implement aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200, or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200. For example, the process flow 600 may illustrate operations between an energy transmitter 605 and an energy receiver 510, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein. In the following description of the process flow 600, the operations between the energy transmitter 605 and the energy receiver 610 may be sent in an order different from the example order shown, or the operations performed by the energy transmitter 605 and the energy receiver 610 may be performed in a different order or at a different time. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 600, and other operations may be added to the process flow 600.

[0132] At 615, the energy receiver 610 may receive one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices including the energy transmitter 605, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter 605 in the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter 605. In addition, the one or more messages may indicate whether the energy transmitter 605 supports energy harvesting, which type of energy receiver 610 the energy transmitter 605 supports, and other cell information.

[0133] At 620, the energy receiver 610 may receive a reference signal over one or more resources from one or more energy transmitter devices including the energy transmitter 605. The resources may include frequency domain resources, time resources, or any combination thereof.

[0134] At 625, the energy receiver 610 may perform a measurement procedure on reference signals from one or more cells including the cell associated with the energy transmitter 605. For example, the energy receiver 610 may measure a channel quality or signal strength value of the reference signal, such as RSSI, RSRP, or RSRQ.

[0135] At 630, the energy receiver 610 may identify a cell associated with the energy transmitter 605 based on an orthogonal sequence of the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices including the energy transmitter 605 is associated with an orthogonal sequence in a set of orthogonal sequences including the orthogonal sequence. Alternatively, the energy receiver 610 may identify a cell associated with the energy transmitter 605 based on a resource associated with the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with a resource in a set of resources including the resource, the resource being a frequency resource, a time resource, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the energy receiver 610 may identify a cell identifier of the cell based on a mapping between a set of cell identifiers (e.g., PCI) and a corresponding set of resources (e.g., frequency resources, time resources, or both) for the one or more messages.

[0136] At 635, the energy receiver 610 may select the cell based on the reference signal and the energy transmitter 605 supporting energy collection. In some examples, the cell selection may be based on measuring the signal strength of the reference signal. In addition, the energy receiver 610 may select a cell corresponding to the energy transmitter 605 that supports energy collection to ensure that the energy receiver 610 can collect enough energy to communicate with the energy transmitter 605.

[0137] At 640, the energy receiver 610 may send a second message to the energy transmitter 605, the second message indicating a cell associated with the energy transmitter 605 in the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver 610 based on the reference signal and the energy transmitter 605 supporting energy harvesting. In some examples, the second message may include the PCI of the selected cell (e.g., the energy receiver 610 may backscatter cell information corresponding to the selected cell).

[0138] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0139] Receiver 710 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to cell selection for passive devices). The information may be communicated to other components of device 705. Receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0140] The transmitter 715 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to cell selection for passive devices). In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0141] The communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of cell selection for a passive device as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0142] In some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit system). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured to or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0143] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by at least one processor (e.g., as communication management software). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functionality described in the present disclosure).

[0144] In some examples, the communication manager 720 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communication manager 720 can receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0145] The communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at an energy receiver device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0146] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., a processor controlling the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communication manager 720, or a combination thereof or otherwise coupled thereto) may support techniques for cell selection by passive devices based on cell information and reference signals sent from one or more energy transmitter devices, which may increase power collection by the passive devices and improve communications between devices.

[0147] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 of a device 805 supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of the device 705 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. The device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0148] The receiver 810 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to cell selection for passive devices). The information may be communicated to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0149] The transmitter 815 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to cell selection for passive devices). In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with the receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0150] Device 805 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of cell selection of passive devices as described herein. For example, communication manager 820 may include message receiving component 825, reference signal receiving component 830, cell component 835, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 820 may be an example of various aspects of communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send). For example, communication manager 820 may receive information from receiver 810, transmit information to transmitter 815, or integrate with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0151] The communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at the energy receiver device according to the examples disclosed herein. The message receiving component 825 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device. The reference signal receiving component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources. The cell component 835 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0152] Fig. 9A block diagram 900 of a communication manager 920 supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, the communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of cell selection for a passive device as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include a message receiving component 925, a reference signal receiving component 930, a cell component 935, a cell identification component 940, a cell identifier component 945, a reference signal configuration component 950, a decoding component 955, a measurement component 960, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0153] The communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at the energy receiver device according to the examples disclosed herein. The message receiving component 925 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device. The reference signal receiving component 930 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources. The cell component 935 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0154] In some examples, to support receiving the one or more messages, the message receiving component 925 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy collection.

[0155] In some examples, the cell identification component 940 may be configured to or otherwise support components for identifying the cell associated with the energy transmitter device based on an orthogonal sequence of the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with an orthogonal sequence in a set of orthogonal sequences that includes the orthogonal sequence.

[0156] In some examples, the cell identification component 940 may be configured to or otherwise support components for identifying the cell associated with the energy transmitter based on resources associated with one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with a resource in a set of resources that includes the resource, and the resource includes a frequency resource, a time resource, or a combination thereof.

[0157] In some examples, the cell identifier component 945 may be configured to or otherwise support components for identifying a cell identifier for the cell based on a mapping between a set of cell identifiers and a corresponding set of resources for the one or more messages, wherein the set of resources includes frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0158] In some examples, to support receiving the one or more messages, the message receiving component 925 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating at least one type of energy receiver device supported by the energy transmitter device sending the message.

[0159] In some examples, to support receiving the one or more messages, the reference signal configuration component 950 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating a periodicity of the reference signal, a number of reference signals to be sent by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof. In some examples, to support receiving the one or more messages, the reference signal configuration component 950 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving the reference signal on the one or more resources according to the configuration. In some examples, to support receiving the one or more messages, the reference signal configuration component 950 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for selecting the cell based on the configuration and the periodicity of the reference signal.

[0160] In some examples, to support receiving the one or more messages, the message receiving component 925 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a maximum repetition associated with the second message.

[0161] In some examples, the decoding component 955 can be configured as or otherwise support means for decoding the one or more messages received from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices. In some examples, the decoding component 955 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending the second message based on successfully decoding the one or more messages.

[0162] In some examples, measuring component 960 can be configured or otherwise support means for sending the second message based on the measured signal strength value of the reference signal exceeding a threshold.

[0163] In some examples, measurement component 960 may be configured or otherwise support means for performing a measurement procedure on reference signals from a set of multiple cells including the cell. In some examples, measurement component 960 may be configured or otherwise support means for sending the second message indicating the cell based on the indicated cell having the highest signal strength in the set of multiple cells.

[0164] In some examples, the measurement component 960 can be configured to or otherwise support means for generating a metric for each cell associated with the one or more energy transmitter devices based on an average measured RSRP of one or more reference signals received over a period of time, a highest measured RSRP of a reference signal in a time window, an average measured RSRP of one or more highest measured RSRPs of one or more reference signals, or an average measured RSRP of one or more RSRPs exceeding a threshold for one or more reference signals. In some examples, the measurement component 960 can be configured to or otherwise support means for selecting the cell based on the metric.

[0165] In some examples, to support sending the second message, the cell component 935 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending the second message indicating a PCI associated with the cell selected by the energy receiver device, wherein each of the one or more messages indicates a PCI identifier.

[0166] Fig.10A diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports cell selection for passive devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 may be an example of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, a memory 1030, a code 1035, and a processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1045).

[0167] I / O controller 1010 can manage input signals and output signals of device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1005. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of a processor such as processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with device 1005 via I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1010.

[0168] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025 that may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025, a wired link, or a wireless link as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for modulating packets, providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and for demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015 or the transceiver 1015 and the one or more antennas 1025 may be examples of transmitters 715, transmitters 815, receivers 710, receivers 810, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0169] The memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the processor 1040, but may cause the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, the memory 1030 may contain a basic I / O system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0170] The processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an image processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a separate gate or transistor logic component, a separate hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1040. The processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1030) so that the device 1005 performs various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support cell selection of a passive device). For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include a processor 1040 and a memory 1030 coupled to or coupled to the processor 1040, and the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0171] The communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at an energy receiver device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0172] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for cell selection by passive devices based on cell information and reference signals sent from one or more energy transmitter devices, which may increase power collection by passive devices and improve communications between devices.

[0173] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or performed by the processor 1040, the memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of cell selection for passive devices as described herein, or the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0174] Fig.11 A block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communication manager 1120. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0175] The receiver 1110 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1105. In some examples, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0176] The transmitter 1115 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0177] The communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of cell selection for a passive device as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0178] In some examples, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit system). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured as or otherwise supports means for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, a processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0179] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by at least one processor (e.g., as communication management software). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a GPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functionality described in the present disclosure).

[0180] In some examples, communication manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or both. For example, communication manager 1120 may receive information from receiver 1110, transmit information to transmitter 1115, or be integrated in conjunction with receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0181] The communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at an energy transmitter device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device in one or more energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0182] By including or configuring a communication manager 1120 according to the examples described herein, the device 1105 (e.g., a processor controlling the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, the communication manager 1120, or a combination thereof or otherwise coupled thereto) may support techniques for cell selection by passive devices based on cell information and reference signals sent from one or more energy transmitter devices, which may increase power collection by the passive devices and improve communications between devices.

[0183] Fig.12 A block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of the device 1105 or the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communication manager 1220. The device 1205 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0184] The receiver 1210 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1205. In some examples, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0185] The transmitter 1215 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1215 and the receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0186] Device 1205 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of cell selection of passive devices as described herein. For example, communication manager 1220 may include message sending component 1225, reference signal sending component 1230, cell message component 1235, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 1220 may be an example of various aspects of communication manager 1120 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 1220 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 1210, transmitter 1215, or both. For example, communication manager 1220 may receive information from receiver 1210, transmit information to transmitter 1215, or be integrated with receiver 1210, transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0187] The communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication at the energy transmitter device according to the examples disclosed herein. The message sending component 1225 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending one or more messages to the energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device in the one or more energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device. The reference signal sending component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources. The cell message component 1235 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0188] Fig.13 A block diagram 1300 of a communication manager 1320 supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1120, the communication manager 1220, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1320 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of cell selection for a passive device as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1320 may include a message sending component 1325, a reference signal sending component 1330, a cell message component 1335, an energy collection component 1340, a reference signal component 1345, a PCI component 1350, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses), which may include communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communication associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0189] The communication manager 1320 may support wireless communication at the energy transmitter device according to the examples disclosed herein. The message sending component 1325 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending one or more messages to the energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device in the one or more energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device. The reference signal sending component 1330 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources. The cell message component 1335 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0190] In some examples, to support sending the one or more messages, the energy collection component 1340 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy collection.

[0191] In some examples, each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with an orthogonal sequence in a set of orthogonal sequences. In some examples, each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with a resource in a set of resources including the one or more resources, and the one or more resources include frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0192] In some examples, each of the one or more messages identifies the cell based on a mapping between a set of cell identifiers and a corresponding set of resources used for the one or more messages, where the set of resources includes frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0193] In some examples, to support sending the one or more messages, the message sending component 1325 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating at least one type of energy receiver device supported by the energy transmitter device sending the message.

[0194] In some examples, to support sending the one or more messages, the reference signal component 1345 can be configured to or otherwise support means for sending the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating a periodicity of the reference signal, a number of reference signals to be sent by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof. In some examples, to support sending the one or more messages, the reference signal component 1345 can be configured to or otherwise support means for sending the reference signal on the one or more resources according to the configuration.

[0195] In some examples, to support sending the one or more messages, the message sending component 1325 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a maximum repetition associated with the second message.

[0196] In some examples, to support receiving the second message, the cell message component 1335 can be configured or otherwise support means for receiving the second message based on the energy receiver device successfully decoding the one or more messages.

[0197] In some examples, to support receiving the second message, the cell message component 1335 can be configured or otherwise support means for receiving the second message based on a measured signal strength value of the reference signal exceeding a threshold.

[0198] In some examples, to support receiving the second message, the cell message component 1335 may be configured or otherwise support means for receiving the second message based on the cell having the highest signal strength in the set of multiple cells, the second message indicating the cell selected by the energy receiver device.

[0199] In some examples, to support receiving the second message, the PCI component 1350 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving the second message, the second message indicating a PCI associated with the cell selected by the energy receiver device, wherein each of the one or more messages indicates a PCI.

[0200] Fig.14A diagram of a system 1400 including a device 1405 supporting cell selection for a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1405 may be an example of a device 1105, a device 1205, or a network entity 105 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1405 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communication through one or more wired interfaces, through one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1405 may include components that support output and acquisition of communications, such as a communication manager 1420, a transceiver 1410, an antenna 1415, a memory 1425, a code 1430, and a processor 1435. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1440).

[0201] The transceiver 1410 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1410 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1410 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1405 may include one or more antennas 1415, which may be capable of (e.g., concurrently) sending or receiving wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1410 may also include a modem for modulating a signal, for providing a modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1415, via a wired transmitter), for receiving a modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1415, from a wired receiver), and for demodulating a signal. The transceiver 1410 or transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415 or wired interfaces (where applicable) may be examples of transmitter 1115, transmitter 1215, receiver 1110, receiver 1210, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0202] Memory 1425 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1425 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1430 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1435, cause device 1405 to perform various functions described herein. Code 1430 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1430 may not be directly executable by processor 1435, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1425 may also include, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0203] The processor 1435 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a GPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1435 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1435. The processor 1435 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., a memory 1425) so that the device 1405 performs various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support cell selection of a passive device). For example, the device 1405 or a component of the device 1405 may include a processor 1435 and a memory 1425 coupled to the processor 1435, and the processor 1435 and the memory 1425 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. Processor 1435 can be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can host functionality for performing functions of device 1405 (e.g., by executing code 1430).

[0204] In some examples, bus 1440 may support communications of a protocol layer (e.g., within a protocol layer) of a protocol stack. In some examples, bus 1440 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within a component of device 1405, or communications performed between different components of device 1405 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 1405 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1420, transceiver 1410, memory 1425, code 1430, and processor 1435 may be located in one of the different components or divided between the different components).

[0205] In some examples, communication manager 1420 may manage aspects of communications with core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, communication manager 1420 may manage delivery of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, communication manager 1420 may manage communications with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UE 115 in collaboration with other network entities 105. In some examples, communication manager 1420 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0206] The communication manager 1420 may support wireless communication at an energy transmitter device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device in one or more energy transmitter devices, and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0207] By including or configuring a communication manager 1420 according to examples as described herein, the device 1405 may support techniques for cell selection by passive devices based on cell information and reference signals sent from one or more energy transmitter devices, which may increase power collection by passive devices and improve communications between devices.

[0208] In some examples, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1410, one or more antennas 1415 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1420 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1420 may be supported or performed by the processor 1435, the memory 1425, the code 1430, the transceiver 1410, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1430 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1435 to cause the device 1405 to perform various aspects of cell selection for passive devices as described herein, or the processor 1435 and the memory 1425 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0209] Fig.15 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0210] At 1505, the method may include: receiving one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by Fig. 9 The message receiving component 925 executes.

[0211] At 1510, the method may include: receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by Fig. 9 The reference signal receiving component 930 executes.

[0212] At 1515, the method may include: sending a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy harvesting. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The cell component 935 executes.

[0213] Fig.16 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0214] At 1605, the method may include: receiving one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by Fig. 9 The message receiving component 925 executes.

[0215] At 1610, the method may include: receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by Fig. 9 The reference signal receiving component 930 executes.

[0216] At 1615, the method may include: identifying the cell associated with the energy transmitter device based at least in part on the orthogonal sequence of the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with an orthogonal sequence in a set of orthogonal sequences including the orthogonal sequence. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The cell identification component 940 performs the above.

[0217] At 1620, the method may include: sending a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy harvesting. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by Fig. 9 The cell component 935 executes.

[0218] Fig.17 1700 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0219] At 1705, the method may include: receiving one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by Fig. 9 The message receiving component 925 executes.

[0220] At 1710, the method may include: receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by Fig. 9 The reference signal receiving component 930 executes.

[0221] At 1715, the method may include: performing a measurement procedure on reference signals from a set of multiple cells including the cell. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by reference to Fig. 9 The measurement component 960 performs the above.

[0222] At 1720, the method may include sending a second message indicating the cell based at least in part on the indicated cell having the highest signal strength among the multiple cells. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The measurement component 960 performs the above.

[0223] Fig.18 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 The network entity performs. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0224] At 1805, the method may include: sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by Fig.13 The message sending component 1325 executes.

[0225] At 1810, the method may include: sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by reference to Fig.13 The reference signal sending component 1330 executes.

[0226] At 1815, the method may include: receiving a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy harvesting. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by Fig.13 The cell message component 1335 executes.

[0227] Fig.191 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 The network entity performs. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0228] At 1905, the method may include: sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device of the one or more energy transmitter devices, indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device, and indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy harvesting. The operations of 1905 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by Fig.13 The message sending component 1325 and the energy collection component 1340 are executed.

[0229] At 1910, the method may include: sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by reference to Fig.13 The reference signal sending component 1330 executes.

[0230] At 1915, the method may include: receiving a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy harvesting. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.13 The cell message component 1335 executes.

[0231] Fig. 20 2000 is a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 for supporting cell selection of a passive device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14The network entity performs. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0232] At 2005, the method may include: sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device of the one or more energy transmitter devices, indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device, and indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating a periodicity of the reference signal, a number of reference signals to be sent by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof. The operations of 2005 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed by the energy receiver device as described in reference to Fig.13 The message sending component 1325 executes.

[0233] At 2010, the method may include: sending the reference signal on the one or more resources according to the configuration. The operations of 2010 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed by Fig.13 The reference signal component 1345 performs.

[0234] At 2015, the method may include: receiving a second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy harvesting. The operations of 2015 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed by Fig.13 The cell message component 1335 executes.

[0235] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the present disclosure:

[0236] Aspect 1: A method for performing wireless communication at an energy receiver device, the method comprising: receiving one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device; receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices on the one or more resources; and sending a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0237] Aspect 2: A method according to Aspect 1, wherein receiving the one or more messages comprises: receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy harvesting.

[0238] Aspect 3: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 2, the method further includes: identifying the cell associated with the energy transmitter device at least in part based on an orthogonal sequence of the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with an orthogonal sequence in a set of orthogonal sequences including the orthogonal sequence.

[0239] Aspect 4: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 3, the method further includes: identifying the cell associated with the energy transmitter device at least in part based on resources associated with the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with a resource in a resource set including the resources, and the resources include frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0240] Aspect 5: According to the method according to Aspect 1, the method also includes: identifying the cell identifier of the cell based at least in part on a mapping between a cell identifier set and a corresponding resource set used for the one or more messages, wherein the resource set includes frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0241] Aspect 6: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein receiving the one or more messages includes: receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating at least one type of energy receiver device supported by the energy transmitter device sending the message.

[0242] Aspect 7: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein receiving the one or more messages comprises: receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating the periodicity of the reference signal, the number of reference signals to be sent by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof; receiving the reference signal on the one or more resources according to the configuration; and selecting the cell based at least in part on the configuration and the periodicity of the reference signal.

[0243] Aspect 8: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein receiving the one or more messages includes: receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a maximum repetition associated with the second message.

[0244] Aspect 9: According to any one of aspects 1 to 8, the method further includes: decoding the one or more messages received from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices; and sending the second message based at least in part on successfully decoding the one or more messages.

[0245] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: sending the second message based at least in part on the measured signal strength value of the reference signal exceeding a threshold.

[0246] Aspect 11: According to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, the method also includes: performing a measurement procedure on reference signals from multiple cells including the cell; and sending the second message indicating the cell based at least in part on the indicated cell having the highest signal strength among the multiple cells.

[0247] Aspect 12: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 11, the method further includes: generating a metric for each cell associated with the one or more energy transmitter devices based at least in part on: the average measured RSRP of one or more reference signals received over a period of time, the highest measured RSRP of a reference signal in a time window, the average measured RSRP of one or more highest measured RSRPs of one or more reference signals, or the average measured RSRP of one or more RSRPs exceeding a threshold for one or more reference signals; and selecting the cell based at least in part on the metric.

[0248] Aspect 13: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein sending the second message includes: sending the second message, the second message indicating a PCI associated with the cell selected by the energy receiver device, wherein each of the one or more messages indicates a PCI.

[0249] Aspect 14: A method for performing wireless communication at an energy transmitter device, the method comprising: sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device among one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection by the energy receiver device; sending the reference signal to the energy receiver device on the one or more resources; and receiving a second message, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device at least in part based on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

[0250] Aspect 15: A method according to Aspect 14, wherein sending the one or more messages comprises: sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy harvesting.

[0251] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 15, wherein each energy transmitter device of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with an orthogonal sequence in a set of orthogonal sequences.

[0252] Aspect 17: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 16, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with a resource in a resource set including the one or more resources, and the one or more resources include frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0253] Aspect 18: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 17, wherein each of the one or more messages identifies the cell at least in part based on a mapping between a cell identifier set and a corresponding resource set used for the one or more messages, wherein the resource set includes frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

[0254] Aspect 19: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 18, wherein sending the one or more messages includes: sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating at least one type of energy receiver device supported by the energy transmitter device sending the message.

[0255] Aspect 20: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 19, wherein sending the one or more messages comprises: sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating the periodicity of the reference signal, the number of reference signals to be sent by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof; and sending the reference signal on the one or more resources according to the configuration.

[0256] Aspect 21: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 20, wherein sending the one or more messages includes: sending the one or more messages from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a maximum repetition associated with the second message.

[0257] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 21, wherein receiving the second message comprises: receiving the second message based at least in part on the energy receiver device successfully decoding the one or more messages.

[0258] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 22, wherein receiving the second message comprises: receiving the second message based at least in part on a measured signal strength value of the reference signal exceeding a threshold.

[0259] Aspect 24: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 23, wherein receiving the second message includes: receiving the second message at least in part based on the cell having the highest signal strength among multiple cells, the second message indicating the cell selected by the energy receiver device.

[0260] Aspect 25: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 24, wherein receiving the second message includes: receiving the second message, the second message indicating a PCI associated with the cell selected by the energy receiver device, wherein each of the one or more messages indicates a PCI.

[0261] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy receiver device, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to cause the energy receiver device to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13.

[0262] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy receiver device, comprising at least one means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0263] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer readable medium storing code for wireless communication at an energy receiver device, the code comprising instructions executable by at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0264] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to cause the energy transmitter device to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 25.

[0265] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 25.

[0266] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device, the code comprising instructions executable by at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 25.

[0267] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0268] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein, including future systems and radio technologies.

[0269] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0270] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, GPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0271] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software (e.g., executed by a processor) or any combination thereof. Software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether it is described in software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms. When implemented in software executed by a processor, the function can be stored on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes, or sent on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software, firmware, hard wiring, or any combination of these executed by a processor. The features that implement the functions can also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that the parts that implement the functions are at different physical locations.

[0272] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage medium and communication medium, and it includes any medium that facilitates computer program to be transmitted from one place to another place.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.As an example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, phase change memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage device, disk storage device or other magnetic storage device, or can be used to carry or store instruction or data structure form of desired program code means and can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor any other non-transient medium.In addition, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is sent from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0273] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a listing of items (e.g., a listing of items with a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive listing, so that, for example, a listing of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on". As used herein, when the term "and / or" is used in a list of two or more items, it means that any one of the listed items can be adopted individually, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be adopted. For example, if a composition is described as comprising components A, B, and / or C, the composition can comprise A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.

[0274] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database or other data structure), ascertaining, and similar actions. Additionally, "determining" may include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data in a memory), and similar actions. Additionally, "determining" may include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0275] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference label regardless of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference labels.

[0276] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "having advantages over other examples." The specific embodiments include specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0277] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at an energy receiver device, the method comprising: receiving one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device; receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices over the one or more resources; as well as A second message is sent, wherein the second message indicates a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the one or more messages comprises: The one or more messages are received from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy harvesting.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The cell associated with the energy transmitter device is identified based at least in part on an orthogonal sequence of the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with an orthogonal sequence of a set of orthogonal sequences including the orthogonal sequence.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The cell associated with the energy transmitter device is identified based at least in part on resources associated with the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with a resource in a set of resources including the resources, and the resources include frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A cell identifier of the cell is identified based at least in part on a mapping between a set of cell identifiers and a corresponding set of resources for the one or more messages, wherein the set of resources includes frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the one or more messages comprises: The one or more messages are received from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating at least one type of energy receiver device supported by the energy transmitter device sending the message.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the one or more messages comprises: receiving the one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating a periodicity of the reference signal, a number of reference signals to be transmitted by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof; receiving the reference signal on the one or more resources according to the configuration; as well as The cell is selected based at least in part on the configuration and the periodicity of the reference signal.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the one or more messages comprises: The one or more messages are received from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a maximum repetition associated with the second message.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: decoding the one or more messages received from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices; as well as The second message is sent based at least in part on successfully decoding the one or more messages.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The second message is sent based at least in part on a measured signal strength value of the reference signal exceeding a threshold.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: performing a measurement procedure on reference signals from a plurality of cells including the cell; as well as The second message indicating the cell is sent based at least in part on the indicated cell having a highest signal strength among the plurality of cells.

12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: generating a metric for each cell associated with the one or more energy transmitter devices based at least in part on: an average measured reference signal received power of one or more reference signals received over a period of time, a highest measured reference signal received power of a reference signal in a time window, an average measured reference signal received power of one or more highest measured reference signal received powers of one or more reference signals, or an average measured reference signal received power of one or more reference signal received powers exceeding a threshold for the one or more reference signals; as well as The cell is selected based at least in part on the metric.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the second message comprises: The second message is sent, the second message indicating a physical cell identifier associated with the cell selected by the energy receiver device, wherein each of the one or more messages indicates a physical cell identifier.

14. A method for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device, the method comprising: sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device of one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving, by the energy receiver device, a reference signal for cell selection; transmitting the reference signal to the energy receiver device over the one or more resources; as well as A second message is received, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein sending the one or more messages comprises: The one or more messages are sent from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy harvesting.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with an orthogonal sequence from a set of orthogonal sequences.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with a resource in a set of resources including the one or more resources, and the one or more resources comprise frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the one or more messages identifies the cell based at least in part on a mapping between a set of cell identifiers and a corresponding set of resources used for the one or more messages, wherein the set of resources comprises frequency resources, time resources, or a combination thereof.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein sending the one or more messages comprises: The one or more messages are sent from respective one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating at least one type of energy receiver device supported by the energy transmitter device sending the message.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein sending the one or more messages comprises: transmitting the one or more messages from the respective one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a configuration of the reference signal, the configuration indicating a periodicity of the reference signal, a number of reference signals to be transmitted by the energy transmitter device, or a combination thereof; as well as The reference signal is sent on the one or more resources according to the configuration.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein sending the one or more messages comprises: The one or more messages are transmitted from respective one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating a maximum repetition associated with the second message.

22. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the second message comprises: The second message is received based at least in part on the energy receiver device successfully decoding the one or more messages.

23. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the second message comprises: The second message is received based at least in part on a measured signal strength value of the reference signal exceeding a threshold.

24. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the second message comprises: The second message is received based at least in part on the cell having the highest signal strength among a plurality of cells, the second message indicating the cell selected by the energy receiver device.

25. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the second message comprises: The second message is received, the second message indicating a physical cell identifier associated with the cell selected by the energy receiver device, wherein each of the one or more messages indicates a physical cell identifier.

26. An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy receiver device, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the energy receiver device to: receiving one or more messages from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving a reference signal for cell selection from the energy transmitter device; receiving the reference signal from the one or more energy transmitter devices over the one or more resources; as well as A second message is sent, wherein the second message indicates a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions for receiving the one or more messages are executable by the at least one processor to cause the energy receiver device to: The one or more messages are received from the corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy harvesting.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the energy receiver device to: The cell associated with the energy transmitter device is identified based at least in part on an orthogonal sequence of the one or more messages, wherein each of the one or more energy transmitter devices is associated with an orthogonal sequence of a set of orthogonal sequences including the orthogonal sequence.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy transmitter device, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the energy transmitter device to: sending one or more messages to an energy receiver device, each of the one or more messages identifying a cell associated with the energy transmitter device of one or more energy transmitter devices and indicating one or more resources for receiving, by the energy receiver device, a reference signal for cell selection; transmitting the reference signal to the energy receiver device over the one or more resources; as well as A second message is received, the second message indicating a cell associated with one of the one or more energy transmitter devices, the cell being selected by the energy receiver device based at least in part on the reference signal and the one of the one or more energy transmitter devices that supports energy collection.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions for sending the one or more messages are executable by the at least one processor to cause the energy transmitter device to: The one or more messages are sent from corresponding one or more energy transmitter devices, each of the one or more messages indicating whether the energy transmitter device supports energy harvesting.

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