A greenhouse cultivation system

Abstract

The application relates to a lighting device and method suitable for greenhouse cultivation, which is arranged in a greenhouse for mixed cultivation of animals and plants. The device comprises a carbon dioxide supply structure for supplementing gas carbon dioxide or organic carbon fertilizer to a plant area; a light source for providing light required by plants for growth; a photosynthesis monitoring unit provided with a first detection unit for detecting a net photosynthetic rate of the plants and a second detection unit for collecting leaf area of the plants; and a control unit in communication connection with the carbon dioxide supply structure, the light source and the photosynthesis monitoring unit. One of the purposes of the application is to provide a system for solving the problem of carbon hunger of plants, which comprises an above-ground carbon amount detection module and an underground carbon amount supply module. The control unit can obtain the carbon amount required to be supplied to the plants by the underground carbon amount supply module based on the total carbon amount required by the plant growth and the carbon conversion amount of the plants under photosynthesis detected by the above-ground carbon amount detection module according to the real-time change of illumination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of greenhouse aquaculture technology, and more particularly to a nutrient ratio system for use in greenhouses. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon is the most important of the 17 essential nutrients, but systematic research on carbon nutrition, especially organic carbon nutrition, has long been virtually nonexistent, leading to a neglect of carbon hunger in crops during plant cultivation. Although crops can obtain carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, the average CO2 concentration in the air is only 330 ppm, far below the optimal concentration of 1000 ppm for photosynthetic conversion. Coupled with cloudy, rainy, foggy, and hazy conditions, as well as weak light in greenhouses, crops are often in a state of "carbon hunger." In particular, with the rise of chemical plant nutrition in recent years, the focus on accelerating plant development and improving quality has long been on inorganic elements such as N, P, and K. Plants are influenced by non-fertilizers (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, micronutrient fertilizer, etc.), resulting in a comprehensive enhancement of growth rate and development rhythm. Relying solely on photosynthesis by leaves under natural conditions often cannot reach the upper limit of plant growth rate and may even cause "carbon hunger" in plants.

[0003] Light and carbon dioxide are the two most important factors limiting plant growth, and both are indispensable for photosynthesis. The main process of carbon fixation in plants is the use of light energy to convert carbon dioxide in the environment into sugars and other organic substances for storage. When light energy is insufficient for the plant's photosynthesis, even with a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment, the plant cannot fully absorb and utilize the carbon dioxide due to limited light energy, and photosynthesis is primarily limited by light energy. Conversely, when carbon dioxide supply is insufficient during the photosynthesis, even with sufficient light energy, carbon fixation is also limited due to a lack of adequate substrate. Therefore, both light energy and substrate requirements must be met simultaneously to maximize photosynthesis.

[0004] With the development of organic carbon products, high-yield fertilization techniques that combine natural and fertilizer application have become crucial for greenhouse cultivation. Organic carbon is already in an organic state and no longer requires the consumption of light energy. CO2 is converted into organic carbon, which directly enters subsequent reactions. While natural carbon supplementation starts from the initial reaction, organic high-efficiency carbon fertilizers bypass the initial reaction and directly enter subsequent reactions. The photosynthetic energy consumed in the initial reaction is saved for subsequent reactions. This technology promotes faster crop growth by opening up new pathways for carbon supplementation through fertilization.

[0005] For greenhouse-grown plants, in pursuit of rapid and efficient growth, it is necessary to fully utilize the effects of nutrient fertilizers to promote plant growth and maximize the value of nutrients. Among these, balanced fertilization for different plant varieties is an important technique for achieving high yields and quality.

[0006] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Unlike existing technologies that explore the organic effects of various nutrient fertilizers on plants, this application focuses on solving carbon nutrition problems when applying various nutrient fertilizers, especially addressing the issue that current greenhouse plants cannot meet their carbon requirements for rapid growth under the ripening effect of nutrient fertilizers by relying solely on photosynthesis of plant leaves.

[0008] One of the objectives of this application is to propose a system for addressing plant "carbon hunger," comprising an aboveground carbon detection module and an underground carbon supply module. The control unit can determine the amount of carbon the underground carbon supply module needs to supply to the plant based on the plant's total carbon requirements for growth and the carbon conversion during photosynthesis detected by the aboveground carbon detection module according to real-time changes in light intensity.

[0009] One of the purposes of this application is to propose a plant nutrient supply system.

[0010] One of the purposes of this application is to propose a balanced fertilization system.

[0011] One objective of this application is to provide a carbon dioxide supply system that coordinates with plant light intensity, the system comprising a control unit. The control unit is configured to determine the organic carbon balance of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure during the replenishment cycle based on the total carbon required for plant growth and the amount of organic carbon fixed by plant photosynthesis.

[0012] One objective of this application is to provide a nutrient formulation system for greenhouses, comprising a carbon dioxide supply structure, a light source, and a photosynthesis monitoring unit. The light source provides the light required for plant growth. The carbon dioxide supply structure supplements the plant area with gaseous carbon dioxide or organic carbon fertilizer. The photosynthesis monitoring unit is used to confirm the amount of carbon fixed by the plants during photosynthesis.

[0013] The carbon dioxide supply structure includes above-ground and underground carbon dioxide supply structures. The photosynthesis monitoring unit includes a first detection unit for detecting the net photosynthetic rate of plants and a second detection unit for collecting leaf area data. The system includes a control unit. The control unit is communicatively connected to the carbon dioxide supply structure, the light source, and the photosynthesis monitoring unit.

[0014] The control unit is configured to: determine the amount of organic carbon fixed by plant photosynthesis based on the leaf area collected by the second detection unit, the net photosynthetic rate collected by the first detection unit, and the light intensity, and determine the organic carbon balance of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure based on the total carbon required for plant growth.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are:

[0016] Considering the impact of organic carbon intake on plants in existing technologies, this application achieves precise replenishment of carbon dioxide and organic carbon fertilizers through above-ground and underground supply methods in the carbon dioxide supply structure. This design optimizes the gaseous environment and nutrient supply required for plant growth. Simultaneously, considering the efficiency of chlorophyll conversion to organic carbon (carbon dioxide), this application also incorporates the plant root system's ability to absorb organic carbon into the organic carbon assessment system. By confirming the total carbon required for plant growth, the system can dynamically adjust the organic carbon balance of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure, ensuring that the plant's carbon needs at different growth stages are precisely met.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the control unit is configured to: determine the total amount of carbon required for plant growth within a recharge cycle based on the recharge cycle of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure. Preferably, the recharge cycle includes a growth phase encompassing the accumulation of biomass in plant stems, leaves, and roots, and a reproductive phase encompassing the accumulation of biomass in fruits. Preferably, the total amount of carbon required for plant growth during the growth phase recharge cycle is the accumulation of biomass in plant stems, leaves, and roots.

[0018] The replenishment cycle of underground carbon dioxide supply can be divided into at least two phases based on the plant's growth cycle: a growth phase characterized by increased biomass in the stems, leaves, and roots, and a reproductive phase characterized by increased fruit production. During the growth phase, the plant's stems, leaves, and roots develop rapidly, resulting in a rapid increase in biomass and a high demand for carbon sources. Similarly, during the reproductive phase, the plant's fruit biomass increases rapidly, also leading to a high demand for carbon sources.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the organic carbon balance per unit time of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure can be obtained based on the duration of the plant growth stage.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the control unit is configured to calculate the optimal carbon dioxide concentration for the plant based on the intensity of natural light, the intensity of the light source, and the plant's maximum photosynthetic intensity.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the control unit is configured to: based on the maximum amount of organic carbon that can be fixed by the aboveground tissues in the plant zone, and by acquiring data on the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant zone, generate the carbon dioxide supply rate per unit time of the aboveground carbon dioxide supply structure in the plant zone. The control unit is also configured to: control the rate at which the carbon dioxide separation structure in the animal zone supplies carbon dioxide based on the carbon dioxide supply rate from the aboveground carbon dioxide supply structure in the plant zone.

[0022] This application relates to a nutrient formulation system method suitable for greenhouse environments. The method includes the following steps: determining the illumination intensity and scanning speed of a light source based on the plant's growth status, current ambient light, and the plant's light requirements; confirming the optimal carbon dioxide concentration required by the plant based on the illumination intensity and the plant's photosynthetic rate; determining the amount of carbon dioxide to be supplemented based on the optimal carbon dioxide concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration in the current illuminated area; and calculating and controlling the carbon dioxide supply rate based on the carbon dioxide concentration at the carbon dioxide supply structure. This method uses a scanning supplemental light lamp to provide supplemental lighting for the plants.

[0023] One objective of this application is to provide a greenhouse aquaculture system comprising a plant zone and an animal zone that are gas-connected to each other via gas exchange components. The gas exchange components include a carbon dioxide separation structure located in the animal zone and a carbon dioxide supply structure located in the plant zone, both interconnected. The carbon dioxide supply structure is configured to move with the light source in a manner that allows it to selectively supplement the illuminated areas with carbon dioxide fertilizer.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a control unit communicatively connected to the carbon dioxide separation structure and the carbon dioxide supply structure. The control unit is configured to: based on the maximum amount of organic carbon that can be fixed by the aboveground tissues in the plant zone, acquire data on the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant zone, generate the amount of carbon dioxide supplied per unit time by the aboveground carbon dioxide supply structure located in the plant zone, and control the rate at which the carbon dioxide separation structure located in the animal zone supplies carbon dioxide. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a greenhouse including a plant area and an animal area provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3This is a structural module diagram of the nutrient ratio system for greenhouses provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of one embodiment of the nutrient formulation system for greenhouses provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of another embodiment of the nutrient ratio system for greenhouses provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lighting device for the plant area provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a partial structural diagram of the lighting device for the plant area provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the lighting device for controlling the rotation of the plant area provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a simplified structural diagram of a carbon dioxide separation structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a flowchart provided by the present invention for determining the ground carbon dioxide concentration in a greenhouse.

[0035] List of reference numerals

[0036] 100: Carbon transport support shaft; 110: Vent; 120: Sealing ring; 200: Light source; 210: Lamp; 211: Second motion structure; 212: Slide rail; 213: Slider; 220: Fixing plate; 230: Heat dissipation structure; 300: Carbon dioxide supply structure; 310: First air outlet; 320: Conduit; 330: Above-ground carbon dioxide supply structure; 340: Underground carbon dioxide supply structure; 341: Guide pipe; 342: Cultivation grid; 400: Carbon dioxide separation structure; 410: Air supply section; 420: Air filter section; 430: Pressure osmosis membrane; 440: Second air inlet; 450: Second air outlet; 460: Excess gas outlet; 500: Plant area; 600: Animal area; 700: Photosynthesis monitoring unit; 710: First detection unit; 720: Second detection unit; 800: Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0038] This application applies to greenhouses with an upper section designated as a plant area (500 cubic meters) and a lower section designated as an animal area (600 cubic meters). For example... Figure 1As shown, in a greenhouse for mixed animal and plant farming, animals move around in the lower animal area 600, while a plant area 500 is set up above the animals for plant growth. Mixed animal and plant farming can increase the circulation rate of carbon dioxide and oxygen, and reduce the impact of external gases on the animals and plants.

[0039] The combination of animal area 600 and plant area 500 in the greenhouse creates an internal circulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide consumed by the plants' photosynthesis reduces the carbon dioxide concentration in animal area 600, thus mitigating the greenhouse effect and lowering the air temperature in animal area 600. The oxygen produced by the plants can be used for the animals' respiration in animal area 600. At the same time, the grown plants can also be used as feed for the animals in animal area 600. This method can reduce the large amount of energy consumed in obtaining oxygen and carbon dioxide from the outside and in cooling, which is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0040] This application also applies to plant factories.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] This embodiment uses a greenhouse with the upper layer designated as a plant area 500 and the lower layer designated as an animal area 600 as an example to provide details of the related equipment.

[0043] The greenhouse comprises a plant area 500 and an animal area 600, which are interconnected by gas exchange components. For example... Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the gas exchange assembly includes a carbon dioxide separation structure 400 connected to each other and disposed in the animal area 600 and a carbon dioxide supply structure 300 disposed in the plant area 500. The carbon dioxide separation structure 400 is disposed above the animal area 600. The carbon dioxide supply structure 300 is disposed in the plant area 500. One source of carbon dioxide for the carbon dioxide supply structure 300 is carbon dioxide in the air of the lower animal area 600. This design promotes air circulation between the upper animal area 600 and the lower plant area 500, preferentially using carbon dioxide in the lower animal area 600 to supplement the upper plant area 500 with carbon dioxide fertilizer, thereby saving energy.

[0044] The carbon dioxide supply structure comprises aboveground carbon dioxide supply structures and underground carbon dioxide supply structures. Aboveground carbon dioxide supply structures provide organic carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) to plant foliage. Underground carbon dioxide supply structures provide organic carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) to plant roots.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the above-ground carbon dioxide supply structure is designed to selectively replenish carbon dioxide fertilizer to the illuminated areas and to supply the plants in a manner that moves with the movement of the light source 200. The underground carbon dioxide supply structure can be installed below the plants.

[0046] A carbon transport support shaft 100 is installed between the plant area 500 and the animal area 600 on both the upper and lower levels of the greenhouse. For example... Figure 2 As shown, a portion of the carbon transport support shaft 10 is positioned at the same height as the device supplying nutrients to the plant roots. One end of the carbon transport support shaft 100 located in the animal zone 600 is connected to the carbon dioxide separation structure 400. For example, a portion of the carbon transport support shaft 10 is buried in the soil where plants grow; a portion of the carbon transport support shaft 10 is enclosed by a nutrient delivery pipe that supplies nutrients to the plant roots. A portion of the carbon transport support shaft 100 is provided with vents, and the area with the vents is enclosed by a sealing ring. The sealing ring is connected to the outside via a guide tube.

[0047] Preferably, the guide tube can be connected to the nutrient delivery pipe. When nutrient solution is delivered to the plants through the nutrient delivery pipe, gaseous or liquid carbon dioxide transported inside the carbon transport support shaft flows into the sealing ring through pores and is further delivered to the plant roots through the guide tube. More preferably, the end of the guide tube that outputs carbon dioxide can be connected to the bottom of each cultivation cell used for growing plants.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the system also includes a photosynthesis monitoring unit 700. The photosynthesis monitoring unit 700 is equipped with a first detection unit 710 for detecting the net photosynthetic rate of the plant and a second detection unit 720 for collecting the leaf area of ​​the plant. Preferably, the first detection unit 710 can be a photosynthesis meter. The second detection unit 720 can be an image acquisition device, such as a high-definition camera. The first detection unit 710 collects plant images and transmits them to the control unit 800. The control unit 800 obtains the leaf area of ​​the plant based on the leaf features in the image. When the second detection unit 720 is set as a photosynthesis meter, it can directly transmit data on the net photosynthetic rate of the plant to the control unit 800. The light source 200 can also provide the control unit 800 with data on the light intensity required for calculating the aboveground and belowground organic carbon content of the plant.

[0049] Preferably, for plant factories with transparent roofs (plant factories capable of receiving sunlight), the light intensity primarily relies on natural light, with the light source 200 serving as supplementary lighting. Based on this, the system also includes a light sensor (which converts light intensity values ​​into voltage values). For example... Figure 4 As shown, light intensity can include the intensity of natural light and the intensity provided by supplemental lighting from a light source. Light intensity data can be transmitted from the light sensor to the control unit 800. At this time, the control unit 800 is configured to calculate the optimal carbon dioxide concentration for the plant based on the intensity of natural light, the intensity of the light source 200, and the plant's maximum photosynthetic intensity.

[0050] Preferably, light intensity data collection is used to confirm the plant's organic carbon fixation (i.e., the maximum power of chlorophyll synthesis through photosynthesis). Based on this, this embodiment also provides a program for calculating plant organic carbon fixation, suitable for greenhouses requiring reduced data collection and processing, or greenhouses where the light-dependent system is maturing. Figure 4 As shown, the control unit 800 is configured to calculate the amount of organic carbon fixed by the plant based on its maximum photosynthetic intensity. In this calculation, the effect of light on plant growth is ignored, assuming the plant can maintain its maximum photosynthetic intensity to fix organic carbon.

[0051] The control unit 800 is communicatively connected to the carbon dioxide supply structure 300, the light source 200, and the photosynthesis monitoring unit 700. The control unit 800 can be a remotely configured server, a personal terminal, or other device capable of data processing and command input / output. The control unit 800 can also be a device integrated inside or on the surface of the carbon transmission support shaft 100, capable of data processing and signal transmission. The control unit 800 integrated on the carbon transmission support shaft 100 can also be connected to other input terminals capable of information input. For example, operators can input commands and information via a mobile phone in a corresponding app. The control unit 800 receives the corresponding commands and information, thereby regulating the supply of carbon dioxide both above and below ground.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, based on the total carbon required for plant growth during a growth stage (e.g., the growth cycle of non-heading lettuce is 60-90 days, the transition from seedling to rosette stage with increased biomass growth is 15-30 days, and the product organ formation stage is 20-30 days; the biomass required at each growth stage is different), the control unit 800 confirms the organic carbon balance and / or the amount of organic carbon fixed by plant photosynthesis. Based on a preset replenishment cycle or according to the plant's growth cycle at that stage recorded in a historical database, a carbon supply rate controlling the carbon dioxide supply structure 300 is generated. The carbon supply rate can represent the amount of CO2 supplied to the plant for growth within a specific time period. The specific time period can be at different time scales, such as a single hour, a single day, or a single week.

[0053] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, the control unit 800 determines the optimal carbon dioxide concentration required by the plant based on the irradiation intensity and the plant's photosynthetic rate, and determines the amount of carbon dioxide to be supplemented based on the optimal carbon dioxide concentration and the current carbon dioxide concentration in the irradiated area. A carbon dioxide concentration detection sensor is installed on the conduit 320 between the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 and the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330, or at the air outlet of the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330. The carbon dioxide concentration detection sensor is connected to the control unit 800 for data transmission. The control unit 800 calculates and controls the supply speed of the air supply section 410 in the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 based on the detection value of the carbon dioxide concentration sensor, thereby controlling the amount and speed of carbon dioxide supplied by the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 to the irradiated area per unit time.

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment, the carbon content ratio in the tissues of different plant varieties is typically determined experimentally or based on historical data tables stored in the memory of the control unit 800 (as shown in Table 1). Generally, the carbon content ratios of leaves, stems, and roots are supported by certain research data, but may vary depending on the variety and growing environment. Generally speaking, the carbon content of leaves is typically between 40% and 50%; the carbon content of stems is typically between 30% and 45%; and the carbon content of roots is typically between 35% and 50%.

[0055] Table 1

[0056]

[0057] Example 2

[0058] This embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0059] Control unit 800 is configured as follows:

[0060] The amount of organic carbon fixed by a plant is calculated based on its photosynthetic capacity or the light intensity supplied to it.

[0061] Determine the amount of organic carbon biomass required by a plant within one growth cycle based on the plant growth cycle.

[0062] The supply of underground organic carbon from plants is determined based on organic carbon biomass and the amount of organic carbon fixed by plants.

[0063] Based on the supply of underground organic carbon from plants and the plant growth cycle, the carbon dioxide supply rate of underground carbon dioxide supply structure 340 is controlled.

[0064] The amount of organic carbon fixed by a plant can be calculated based on its photosynthetic capacity or the light intensity supplied to it. For example, control unit 800 can calculate the amount of fixed organic carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) through the laws of reactions such as photosynthesis, as shown in formula (1). Control unit 800 can divide this into carbon fixation amounts over multiple time periods:

[0065] …(1),

[0066] in, and These are the start and end times of the time period; It depends on the light intensity Net photosynthetic rate varying over time (μmol CO2 / m 2 / s); It is the change in leaf area over time (m) 2 ); It is the conversion factor, usually based on the conversion of molar mass, which converts fixed CO2 into organic carbon.

[0067] Based on the plant growth cycle, the organic carbon biomass required by the plant in one cycle is determined. For example, the total carbon required for plant growth is calculated by segmenting the time according to control unit 800, as shown in formula (2).

[0068] …(2),

[0069] in, is the change in biomass (g) of the i-th tissue over time; It is the proportion of carbon content in the i-th organization.

[0070] The supply of underground organic carbon in plants is determined based on the amount of organic carbon biomass and the amount of organic carbon fixed by plants. For example, control unit 800 calculates the organic carbon balance by comparing the amount of fixed organic carbon in a specific time period with the total amount of carbon required for plant growth, as shown in formula (3).

[0071] …(3).

[0072] When the organic carbon balance within this time range [ A negative value indicates the amount of organic carbon that needs to be replenished. See formula (4):

[0073] …(4).

[0074] Based on the supply of underground organic carbon from the plant and the plant growth cycle, the carbon dioxide supply rate of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure 340 is controlled, for example, by the control unit 800 obtaining the carbon dioxide supply rate of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure 340 by measuring the supply of underground organic carbon from the plant and the length of the growth cycle. The carbon dioxide supply rate can be, for example, a daily carbon supply rate, an hourly carbon supply rate, or a weekly carbon supply rate.

[0075] Taking corn as an example, net photosynthetic rate Where k = 0.3 is a constant representing light utilization efficiency, and light intensity... leaf area ,from arrive For time periods of hours, the fixed amount of organic carbon is calculated using the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] Based on the operator's input, it was confirmed that the calculation of total carbon content during plant growth stages needs to consider the biomass of leaf and stem tissues. The biomass growth rate and carbon content of each tissue are as follows:

[0078] Leaf tissue: , ,

[0079] Stem tissues: , .

[0080] Based on the above calculations, the total carbon requirement of plants during the growth stage can be determined as follows:

[0081] .

[0082] Convert it to (Assuming 1 g of carbon ≈ 83.33) ):

[0083] .

[0084] Therefore, the balance of organic carbon during the plant growth stage is:

[0085] .

[0086] Since the value is negative, it indicates that the underground carbon dioxide supply structure 340 needs to replenish organic carbon. The balance amount of organic carbon replenished by the underground carbon dioxide supply structure 340 is:

[0087] .

[0088] Based on the length of the corn's growth stage (confirmed by the operator through input information or historical data tables, for example, 60 days in this case), the underground carbon dioxide supply structure 340, controlled by control unit 800, can provide 11 kcal / kg of carbon dioxide per day. .

[0089] Example 3

[0090] This embodiment also includes improvements to the lighting fixtures within the greenhouse.

[0091] Plants absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis. Since greenhouse gas composition is regulated based on the gas requirements of the surrounding environment, a carbon dioxide concentration detector is installed. The controller selects to supplement carbon dioxide or ventilate the greenhouse based on the difference between the detector's reading and a set threshold. However, there are illuminated areas under high-intensity light source 200 and non-illuminated areas, and the optimal carbon dioxide concentration required for plant photosynthesis differs between these two areas.

[0092] When carbon dioxide is regulated in the environment based on the optimal concentration required by plants in unirradiated areas, the carbon dioxide concentration in the surrounding unirradiated plant areas will move towards the irradiated area because the plant areas being irradiated by the high-intensity light source 200 consume carbon dioxide at a faster rate. Due to the relatively enclosed environment of the greenhouse (windless state), the overall carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse will decrease, triggering the carbon dioxide replenishment device in the environment to start replenishing carbon dioxide into the environment.

[0093] When the rate of carbon dioxide replenishment is less than the rate of consumption in the illuminated areas, the carbon dioxide concentration in both the non-illuminated and illuminated areas of the greenhouse will not reach the optimal carbon dioxide concentration requirement.

[0094] When the rate of carbon dioxide replenishment is equal to the rate of carbon dioxide replenishment in the plant area illuminated by a high-intensity light source of 200, the carbon dioxide concentration in the environment remains at the optimal carbon dioxide concentration in the non-illuminated area, while the plants in the illuminated area still fail to reach the optimal carbon dioxide concentration, and the plants in the illuminated area still have carbon dioxide limitations.

[0095] When the rate of carbon dioxide replenishment exceeds the rate of carbon dioxide consumption in the illuminated area, the carbon dioxide concentration in the non-illuminated area exceeds its optimal concentration, which will affect the growth of plants in the non-illuminated area.

[0096] Therefore, the regulation of gas concentration in the macro environment cannot meet the precise air requirements of a small area, which limits the plants from fully absorbing light energy for photosynthesis or limits the accumulation of major nutrients such as sugars in the plants.

[0097] This embodiment provides a lighting device suitable for greenhouse cultivation. The lighting device is particularly suitable for use in greenhouses where plants and animals are cultivated together. Figure 1 and 6 As shown, the lighting device includes a light source 200 for illumination, which can be configured to rotate around the carbon transmission support shaft 100. Preferably, the light source 200 is a high-intensity narrow-band light source. The lighting device is positioned above the plant area 500. The lighting device rotates circumferentially along the carbon transmission support shaft 100 to scan and illuminate different areas of the plant. Preferably, the plant area 500 is adapted to be annular with the lighting device, and the plant area 500 can receive high-intensity light illumination regardless of the rotation of the carbon transmission support shaft 100.

[0098] Studies have found that short-duration high-intensity light irradiation is more effective in promoting plant growth than long-duration low-intensity light irradiation. The scanning light source 200 not only saves on installation costs compared to the existing fixed light source 200, but its short-duration irradiation mode also allows it to be moved to different areas to provide high-intensity light irradiation to plants in different areas, meeting the growth needs of plants in each area.

[0099] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the lighting device includes a heat dissipation structure 230, a first motion structure, a fixing plate 220, and a luminaire 210. The luminaire 210 is mounted on the fixing plate 220. The fixing plate 220 is connected to the first motion structure to carry the luminaire 210 and rotate it along the carbon transport support shaft 100. The heat dissipation structure 230 is located on the back of the fixing plate 220 where the luminaire 210 is not mounted. This design can quickly dissipate the heat generated by the luminaire 210 mounted on the front of the fixing plate 220, maintain the operational stability of the luminaire 210, and extend the service life of the luminaire 210.

[0100] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, the carbon dioxide above-ground supply structure 330 is positioned near the fixed plate 220 and connected to the fixed plate 220 on the same carbon transmission support shaft 100. This allows the carbon dioxide above-ground supply structure 330 to move along with the fixed plate 220 to specifically replenish carbon dioxide in the plant area 500 receiving high-intensity light. Preferably, the carbon dioxide above-ground supply structure 330 has a first air outlet 310 facing the heat dissipation structure 230. This design can accelerate the airflow around the heat dissipation structure 230, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation structure 230 while replenishing carbon dioxide fertilizer for the plants in the area, thus extending the service life of the lamp 210.

[0101] The advantages of this setup are: in conjunction with the movement of the lamp 210, it provides targeted carbon dioxide fertilizer to the plant area 500 receiving strong light, eliminating the limitation on photosynthetic efficiency caused by insufficient carbon dioxide concentration in the high-intensity light area, helping to improve the light utilization rate of plants in the plant area 500 receiving high-intensity light, enhancing the growth-promoting effect of high-intensity light, shortening the plant growth cycle, and increasing productivity; at the same time, it can reduce the waste of light and electricity, and improve the production yield.

[0102] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 includes an air supply section 410, an air filter section 420, and a reactor. A pressure osmosis membrane 430 is installed inside the reactor. The pressure osmosis membrane 430 separates carbon dioxide from the air and delivers it into a carbon dioxide collection chamber, then guides it to the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330. Carbon dioxide is drawn into the carbon dioxide separation structure by the air supply section 410, and after passing through the pressure osmosis membrane 430, the carbon dioxide and air are separated. The separated carbon dioxide moves towards the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330 under the pressure provided by the air supply section 410 and is output to the light-receiving area. Preferably, the pressure osmosis membrane 430 is a carbon dioxide separation membrane. Carbon dioxide separation membranes are commonly used pressure osmosis membranes, with various models, mature manufacturing processes, and low cost.

[0103] Because the intensity of respiration varies in different growth stages and photoperiods throughout the day, the optimal carbon dioxide concentration required by plants changes continuously. Too low a carbon dioxide concentration will limit photosynthesis, while too high a carbon dioxide concentration will cause stomata to close and protoplasm to be damaged, both of which are detrimental to plant growth.

[0104] According to a preferred embodiment, the air supply unit 410 is, for example, a fan. By controlling the fan's rotational speed, the rate at which carbon dioxide is supplied to the carbon dioxide above-ground supply structure 330 can be controlled. This allows for adjustment of the amount of carbon dioxide supplied to the above-ground supply structure 330 based on the plant's growth status and the intensity of light received, thereby maintaining the optimal carbon dioxide concentration for the plants in the light-exposed area. For example: Figure 10 As shown, the control unit 800 is configured to: determine the illumination intensity and / or scanning speed of the light source 200 based on the plant's growth status, current ambient light, and the plant's light requirements; determine the optimal carbon dioxide concentration required by the plant based on the illumination intensity and the plant's photosynthetic rate; determine the amount of carbon dioxide to be supplemented based on the optimal carbon dioxide concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration in the current illuminated area; and calculate and control the carbon dioxide supply rate based on the carbon dioxide concentration at the carbon dioxide supply structure 300.

[0105] Adjusting the airflow speed of the air supply unit can adjust the pressure of the air entering the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 from the animal zone 600, thereby increasing the pressure inside the reactor and increasing the rate at which carbon dioxide passes through the pressure permeation membrane 430. Conversely, reducing the airflow speed can decrease the amount of carbon dioxide delivered to the light-emitting area, allowing for flexible adjustment of the amount of carbon dioxide supplied to the light-emitting area. Preferably, the carbon transport support shaft 100 extends above the animal zone 600, and the connection between the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 and the carbon transport support shaft 100 reduces the amount of laying required for the installation of the carbon dioxide separation structure 400. Since the carbon transport support shaft 100 is located at the center of the plants surrounding the area, the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 located here is closest to the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330, resulting in minimal pressure loss along the pipes. The connecting pipes between the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 and the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330 can be laid along the carbon transport support shaft 100 and rotate with it, making it more convenient to use.

[0106] According to a preferred embodiment, the carbon dioxide separation structure 400, after being connected to the carbon transport support shaft 100, is located in the animal region 600 below the plant region 500. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 includes a second air inlet 440, a second air outlet 450, and a residual gas outlet 460. Air from the animal area 600 enters the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 through the second air inlet 440. After being separated by the pressure permeation membrane 430, the separated carbon dioxide is transported to the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330 through the second air outlet 450.

[0107] According to a preferred embodiment, a conduit 320 is provided inside the carbon transport support shaft 100, connecting the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 below the plant area 500 and the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330 above the plant area 500. One end of the conduit 320 is connected to the second air outlet 450 of the carbon dioxide separation structure 400 so that the carbon dioxide output from the second air outlet 450 enters the conduit 320; the other end of the conduit 320 is connected to the first air inlet of the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330, and the carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330 through the conduit 320 and is output from the first air outlet 310 of the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330, so as to replenish the plants in the local area irradiated by the light source 200 with carbon dioxide fertilizer, and at the same time assist the light source 200 in heat dissipation. Preferably, the carbon dioxide output from the first air outlet 310 can first pass through the heat dissipation part 230 of the light source 200. The flowing air accelerates the heat dissipation of the heat dissipation part, assisting the light source 200 in heat dissipation. At the same time, after being blocked by the heat dissipation structure 230, the air is evenly output around the light area, making the carbon dioxide output more accurate and uniform, which helps the carbon dioxide to reach the plant quickly for absorption and utilization. The heat carried by the carbon dioxide airflow can also be used by the plant.

[0108] According to a preferred embodiment, the carbon transmission support shaft 100 is provided with a plurality of threaded fan blades. During the rotation of the carbon transmission support shaft 100, the rotation of the threaded fan blades can drive the air in the lower animal area 600 to flow upward, and then flow in the plant area 500 under the action of the air outlet for the plants to use.

[0109] According to a preferred embodiment, during the day, the plant area 500 can utilize natural light for photosynthesis. The light adjustment of the lighting device is determined based on the intensity of natural light, the growth stage and vitality of the plants, their photoperiod, and the carbon dioxide concentration output from the carbon dioxide supply structure 330. Preferably, the carbon dioxide concentration output from the carbon dioxide supply structure 330 can be determined based on the total respiratory intensity of the animals and the area of ​​the greenhouse. Conversely, the species and quantity ratio of animals and plants can also be determined based on the height and area of ​​the greenhouse and the optimal carbon dioxide concentration required by the carbon dioxide supply structure 330.

[0110] Preferably, the carbon transport support shaft 100 is connected to the roof of the greenhouse. The carbon transport support shaft 100 provides support for the movement of the light source 200. Preferably, a first motion structure is movably connected to the carbon transport support shaft 100. The first motion structure can drive the light source 200 to move along the central axis of the carbon transport support shaft 100 to adjust the relative distance between the light source 200 and the plant. Depending on the different growth cycles and growth states of the plant, the light source 200 can be selectively raised or lowered to change the illumination range and intensity of the light source 200.

[0111] According to a preferred embodiment, a plurality of lamps 210 are arranged in an array on a fixed plate 220. Each lamp 210 can move around one or more plants, changing its illumination angle to simulate changes in sunlight. Preferably, as... Figure 8 As shown, the lamp 210 is connected to the fixed plate 220 via a second motion structure 211, which is configured as an inverted semi-circular shape. Preferably, the second motion structure includes a slide rail 212 and a slider 213 that is connected to and cooperates with the slide rail 212 and can move along the slide rail 212. The lamp 210 is connected to the slider 213, and the slider 213 can move around the semi-circular slide rail 212 based on the movement of the slider, thereby changing its relative position with the plant and changing the illumination angle.

[0112] According to a preferred embodiment, to facilitate flexible adjustments based on actual conditions, a backup carbon dioxide separation device is also installed outside the greenhouse, connected to the carbon dioxide ground supply structure 330 via a conduit 320, and can be activated when necessary. For example, it can be activated when animals in the greenhouse are sold or replaced in bulk.

[0113] According to a preferred embodiment, the lighting device is also data-connected to the control unit 800. The control unit 800 is able to determine the illumination intensity and scanning speed of the light source 200 based on the plant's growth status, the current ambient light, and the plant's light requirements.

[0114] This embodiment also provides a lighting method suitable for greenhouse cultivation, comprising the following steps: A control unit 800 determines the irradiation intensity and scanning speed of the light source 200 based on the plant's growth status, current ambient light, and the plant's light requirement; confirms the optimal carbon dioxide concentration required by the plant based on the irradiation intensity and the plant's photosynthetic rate; determines the amount of carbon dioxide to be supplemented based on the optimal carbon dioxide concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration in the current illuminated area; and calculates and controls the carbon dioxide supply rate based on the carbon dioxide concentration at the carbon dioxide supply structure. The supplemented carbon dioxide concentration is at least equal to the carbon dioxide content consumed by the plant's photosynthetic rate. Preferably, the light requirement is the light intensity at the plant's light saturation point under the given ambient temperature and humidity. The irradiation intensity provided by the light source 200 is at least equal to the light requirement minus the ambient light intensity. The plant's growth status includes, for example, the chlorophyll content of the plant leaves, the total amount and ratio of mature and young leaves, and the plant's growth stage. Different plant growth states affect the plant's light saturation point. The optimal carbon dioxide concentration is the amount of carbon dioxide at the plant's carbon dioxide saturation point under that light intensity.

[0115] Preferably, the carbon dioxide supply rate is calculated as follows: carbon dioxide supply flow rate = (photosynthetic rate x leaf area) ÷ (carbon dioxide concentration at the supply structure x cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet of the carbon dioxide supply structure).

[0116] Preferably, the photosynthetic rate of a plant is determined based on light intensity and the plant's growth status (e.g., chlorophyll content in the leaves, the total amount and ratio of mature and young leaves, and the plant's growth stage). Studies have shown that the photosynthetic rate of an incompletely unfolded leaf is only 80% of that of a fully unfolded leaf when it is 60% unfolded.

[0117] The advantages of this setup are:

[0118] Targeted supplementation of carbon dioxide concentration to the current illuminated area can reduce the fluctuations in carbon dioxide concentration in the surrounding non-illuminated areas caused by the rapid consumption of carbon dioxide in the illuminated area. Combined with the overall carbon dioxide concentration regulation of the greenhouse environment, it can simultaneously ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration in both the non-illuminated and illuminated areas is at the optimal level, thus promoting plant growth and removing the limitations on photosynthesis in the illuminated area.

[0119] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; phrases such as "preferredly" and "according to a preferred embodiment" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept. Throughout the text, the feature introduced by "preferredly" is only an optional mode and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. A nutrient formulation system for use in a greenhouse, comprising: The carbon dioxide supply structure (300) provides gaseous carbon dioxide or organic carbon fertilizer to the plant area (500); A light source (200) is used to provide the light needed for plant growth; The photosynthesis monitoring unit (700) includes a first detection unit (710) for detecting the net photosynthetic rate of the plant and a second detection unit (720) for collecting the leaf area of ​​the plant; and The control unit (800), which is communicatively connected to the carbon dioxide supply structure (300), the light source (200), and the photosynthesis monitoring unit (700), is characterized in that... The carbon dioxide supply structure (300) is provided with a surface carbon dioxide supply structure (330) for replenishing gaseous carbon dioxide to the plant area (500) and a subsurface carbon dioxide supply structure (340) for providing organic carbon fertilizer to the plants. The control unit (800) is configured to: The amount of organic carbon fixed by plant photosynthesis is determined based on the leaf area collected by the second detection unit (720), the net photosynthetic rate collected by the first detection unit (710), and the light intensity. The amount of organic carbon balance in the underground carbon dioxide supply structure (340) is determined based on the total amount of carbon required for plant growth.

2. The nutrient formulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit (800) is configured to: Based on the recharge cycle of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure (340), the total amount of carbon required for plant growth within a recharge cycle is determined.

3. The nutrient formulation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The replenishment cycle includes the growth phase, which covers the accumulation of biomass in plant stems, leaves, and roots, and the reproductive phase, which covers the accumulation of biomass in fruits.

4. The nutrient formulation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The total carbon required for plant growth during the growth phase of the replenishment cycle is the accumulation of plant stem, leaf, and root biomass.

5. The nutrient formulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control unit (800) is configured to generate the carbon dioxide supply amount per unit time of the carbon dioxide aboveground supply structure (330) by acquiring data on the carbon dioxide concentration of the plant area (500) based on the determined maximum amount of organic carbon fixed in the aboveground tissue.

6. The nutrient formulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The organic carbon balance per unit time of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure (340) can be obtained based on the time length required for the plant growth stage.

7. The nutrient formulation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit (800) is also configured to calculate the optimal carbon dioxide concentration for the plant based on the intensity of natural light, the intensity of the light source (200), and the maximum photosynthetic intensity of the plant.

8. A nutrient formulation method suitable for greenhouse environments, characterized in that, Using the system as described in claim 1, the net photosynthetic rate of the plant is detected by the first detection unit (710) of the photosynthesis monitoring unit (700), and the plant leaf area is collected by the second detection unit (720). The control unit (800) determines the amount of organic carbon fixed by the plant under photosynthesis based on the leaf area collected by the second detection unit (720), the net photosynthetic rate collected by the first detection unit (710), and the light intensity, and determines the amount of organic carbon balance of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure (340) based on the total amount of carbon required for plant growth. The method also includes using a scanning supplemental light to provide supplemental lighting for the plants. The process includes the following steps: determining the illumination intensity and scanning speed of the light source (200) based on the plant's growth status, current ambient light, and the plant's light requirements; The optimal carbon dioxide concentration required by plants is determined based on the intensity of light irradiation and the photosynthetic rate of plants. The amount of carbon dioxide that needs to be replenished is determined based on the optimal carbon dioxide concentration and the current carbon dioxide concentration in the illuminated area. The carbon dioxide supply rate is calculated and controlled based on the carbon dioxide concentration at the carbon dioxide supply structure (300).

9. A greenhouse aquaculture system comprising a plant area (500) and an animal area (600) connected to each other by gas exchange components, characterized in that, The greenhouse aquaculture system also includes a nutrient ratio system for use within the greenhouse, the nutrient ratio system for use within the greenhouse comprising: The photosynthesis monitoring unit (700) is equipped with a first detection unit (710) for detecting the net photosynthetic rate of plants and a second detection unit (720) for collecting the leaf area of ​​plants. The control unit (800) is configured to: determine the amount of organic carbon fixed by plant photosynthesis based on the leaf area collected by the second detection unit (720), the net photosynthetic rate collected by the first detection unit (710), and the light intensity, and determine the amount of organic carbon balance of the underground carbon dioxide supply structure (340) based on the total amount of carbon required for plant growth. The gas exchange assembly includes a carbon dioxide separation structure (400) connected to each other in the animal area (600) and a carbon dioxide supply structure (300) in the plant area (500). The carbon dioxide supply structure (300) is configured to move with the light source (200) in a way that it can specifically supplement the illuminated area with carbon dioxide fertilizer.

10. The greenhouse aquaculture system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system also includes a control unit (800) communicatively connected to the carbon dioxide separation structure (400) and the carbon dioxide supply structure (300), wherein the control unit (800) is configured to: Based on the maximum amount of organic carbon that can be fixed by the aboveground tissues determined in the plant area (500), the carbon dioxide concentration data of the plant area (500) is obtained, the carbon dioxide supply amount per unit time of the carbon dioxide aboveground supply structure (330) set in the plant area (500) is generated, and the carbon dioxide supply rate of the carbon dioxide separation structure (400) set in the animal area (600) is controlled.

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