A quick release mechanism for star-rocket connection based on SMA

Abstract

The present invention provides a quick unlocking mechanism for star-rocket connection based on SMA, comprising a bracket, an extension mechanism, a retraction mechanism and a circuit board, wherein the extension mechanism and the retraction mechanism are respectively arranged on two surfaces of the bracket, the circuit board is arranged at the rear end of the bracket, the extension mechanism comprises a push rod plate, a lever assembly, an extension SMA assembly, and three first guide wheels, the first shape memory alloy wire of the extension SMA assembly is sequentially wound between the three first guide wheels, and its two ends are respectively connected to the circuit board through a first connector, the retraction mechanism comprises a disengagement plate, a retraction SMA assembly, and a second guide wheel, the second shape memory alloy wire of the retraction SMA assembly is wound around the second guide wheel, and its two ends are respectively connected to the circuit board through a second connector. The shape memory alloy wire used in the present invention can recover excellent properties such as large deformation, strong recovery ability, wide temperature adaptability, stable performance, etc., and can effectively replace the pyrotechnic device and reduce the separation impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a satellite-rocket connection unlocking mechanism, and in particular to a satellite-rocket connection quick unlocking mechanism based on SMA. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's aerospace industry, the continuous increase in flight missions, the diversification of satellite forms, and the extensive application of precision instruments and equipment, the functions and detection missions of satellites have become increasingly complex and sophisticated. Higher technical integration and more sophisticated instrument components have made satellites more sensitive to impact loads. The satellite-rocket connection and separation technology is used to achieve a firm connection between satellites, spacecraft and launch vehicles, and can also be released and separated in orbit according to command requirements.

[0003] At present, most of the satellite-rocket separation mechanisms commonly used in China use pyrotechnic components as the main actuation source. Its working principle is to directly use the thrust generated by the explosion of the pyrotechnic device to cause local parts or the overall structure inside the pyrotechnic device to break or destroy, and then complete a complete set of separation actions. The pyrotechnic device has the following advantages: reliability, large energy reserve, fast action speed, compact and simple structure, small mass and volume, and low cost; however, it also has insurmountable defects: pyrotechnic devices will produce explosion shock when working, one-time use, and harmful gases and fragments will be generated when gunpowder burns or explodes to pollute the space environment. The above defects make the pyrotechnic device have certain limitations in application: the internal parts are in the process of high-speed breaking, and the connection load is released instantly, which will inevitably produce a huge impact load, which is difficult to meet the application requirements of low impact or even zero impact, and it is a one-time use device and cannot be reused. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a quick unlocking mechanism for the satellite-rocket connection based on SMA, which adopts shape memory alloy material as the telescopic traction component. Shape memory alloy can effectively replace pyrotechnic devices and reduce separation impact due to its excellent properties such as large recoverable deformation, strong recovery ability, wide temperature adaptability and stable performance.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:

[0006] A quick unlocking mechanism for a star-rocket connection based on SMA, comprising a bracket, an extension mechanism, a retraction mechanism and a circuit board, wherein the extension mechanism and the retraction mechanism are respectively arranged on a first surface and a second surface of the bracket, and the circuit board is installed at a rear end of the bracket;

[0007] An end frame is provided at the front end of the first surface, and a third movable hole is provided in the middle of the bottom of the front end of the end frame;

[0008] The extension mechanism includes a push rod plate, a lever assembly, an extension SMA assembly, three first guide wheels and a limit assembly, the push rod plate is movably arranged on the first surface, the front end of the push rod plate passes through the third movable hole, the limit assembly is movably arranged in the middle of the inner side surface of the push rod plate, and a clamping block that cooperates with the limit assembly is provided opposite to the limit assembly, the lever assembly is arranged between the push rod plate and the bracket, the front end of the lever assembly is movably connected to the two sides of the rear end of the end frame 7, the rear end of the lever assembly is movably connected to the two sides of the middle part of the push rod plate, two first guide wheels are respectively arranged on both sides of the third movable hole of the end frame 7, and the remaining first guide wheel is arranged in the middle of the rear end of the first surface, the extension SMA assembly includes a first shape memory alloy wire and two first connectors, the first shape memory alloy wire is sequentially wound between the three first guide wheels, the two ends of the first shape memory alloy wire are respectively connected to the circuit board through the first connector, and the first connector is electrically connected to the circuit board;

[0009] The retraction mechanism includes a disengagement plate, a retraction SMA component, and a second guide wheel. The disengagement plate is arranged on the second surface, the second guide wheel is arranged in the middle of the front end of the disengagement plate, and an obliquely arranged long waist-shaped groove is opened in the middle of the disengagement plate. The top end of the limiting component passes through the bracket and is movably connected to the waist-shaped groove. The retraction SMA component includes a second shape memory alloy wire and two second connectors. The second shape memory alloy wire is wrapped around the second guide wheel, and the two ends of the second shape memory alloy wire are respectively connected to the circuit board through the second connector, and the second connector is electrically connected to the circuit board.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the limit assembly includes a limit block and a guide rod, the limit block is a convex structure, and the guide rod is vertically connected to one of the surfaces of the limit block;

[0011] A slot is provided on the inner side of the block, and the limit block is movably arranged on the inner side surface of the push rod plate opposite to the slot, with the tip of the limit block facing the slot so that the limit block can be engaged with the slot, and the guide rod passes through the bracket and is movably connected in the waist-shaped groove to drive the limit block to move through the separation plate.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the center point of the first guide wheel arranged at the rear end of the bracket is located on the midpoint line of the center line of the two first guide wheels arranged on both sides of the end frame, so that the first shape memory alloy wire is wound in an M shape in sequence between the three first guide wheels;

[0013] The second shape memory alloy wire is wound around the second guide wheel in a U shape.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a shell and a latch, the front end of the shell is a closed structure with only an end hole in the middle, a cavity is provided inside the shell, the bracket is arranged in the cavity, the latch is arranged on the outside of the front end of the shell, and the front end of the push rod plate passes through the third movable hole and the end hole in sequence to be connected with the latch.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rear end of the housing is an open structure and is detachably connected to a rear cover;

[0016] The rear end of the bracket is vertically connected to a mounting plate, the circuit board is arranged on the rear end surface of the mounting plate, the first guide wheel located at the rear end of the first surface is arranged in the middle of the mounting plate, and the rear cover is connected to the outer side of the mounting plate.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lever assembly includes a first lever arm and a second lever arm, and the first lever arm and the second lever arm are connected in an X shape with the middle part thereof as a movable fulcrum;

[0018] The front end of the first lever arm is connected between one side of the inner side of the end frame and the bracket, and the rear end of the first lever arm is connected to one side of the middle part of the push rod plate;

[0019] The front end of the second lever arm is connected between one side of the inner side of the end frame and the bracket, and the rear end of the second lever arm is connected to the other side of the middle part of the push rod plate.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a first movable groove is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the first lever arm, a first connecting column and a second connecting column are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the front end of the first lever arm respectively, and a third connecting column is provided on the lower surface of the rear end of the first lever arm;

[0021] A second movable groove is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the second lever arm, a fourth connecting column and a fifth connecting column are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the front end of the second lever arm respectively, and a sixth connecting column is provided on the lower surface of the rear end of the second lever arm;

[0022] The first movable groove and the second movable groove are sleeved together, so that the first lever arm and the second lever arm are movably connected in an X shape;

[0023] The third connecting column and the sixth connecting column are respectively connected to the two sides of the middle part of the push rod plate, and connecting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom end of the end frame, the second connecting column and the fifth connecting column are respectively connected to the connecting holes, and the first connecting column and the fourth connecting column are respectively connected to the two sides of the front end of the first surface.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a stopper is provided at the front end of the bracket, and the stopper includes an integrally formed panel and two support plates, the two support plates are vertically connected to both sides of the bottom end of the panel, and the middle of the top end and the middle of the bottom end of the panel are respectively provided with a first movable hole and a second movable hole, and the panel is arranged on the front end surface of the bracket when it is attached, and the two support plates extend to the bottom of the front end of the bracket and are supported at the bottom end of the end frame;

[0025] The front end of the push rod plate passes through the third movable hole, the second movable hole and the end hole in sequence to be connected with the latch pin, and the front end of the disengagement plate passes through the first movable hole.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the push rod plate includes a push rod and a plate body that are integrally connected, the push rod is vertically connected to the middle of the front end of the plate body, so that the push rod plate as a whole has a convex structure, and the push rod passes through the third movable hole, the second movable hole, and the end hole in sequence and is detachably connected to the latch pin.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the first surface of the bracket is provided with a symmetrically arranged first protrusion in the middle of the two side edges along its length direction, and connecting plates perpendicular to the plate body are provided on both sides of the rear end of the plate body, and guide holes are provided on the connecting plates, and guide columns are movably connected in the guide holes, and the front and rear ends of the guide columns are respectively connected to the first protrusion and the rear end of the bracket, and a reset spring is provided on the outside of the guide column located between the first protrusion and the rear end of the bracket.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention provides a satellite-rocket connection quick unlocking mechanism based on SMA. The unlocking mechanism adopts shape memory alloy material. Shape memory alloy is very suitable for application in aerospace components due to its excellent properties such as large recoverable deformation, strong recovery ability, wide temperature adaptability and stable performance. It can be widely used in satellite-rocket separation, on-board deployment of components, and high-precision load separation and unlocking tasks. It can effectively replace pyrotechnic devices and reduce separation impact. It can be extended to national defense and civilian fields. At the same time, it can also serve as support for the "Civil Aerospace Technology Preliminary Research Project-Low Impact Separation and Unlocking Device Technology".

[0029] The load impact force generated by the unlocking process of the unlocking mechanism of the present invention is extremely low, and it is reusable and has a fast response speed. Among them, the shape memory alloy wires used in the extension mechanism and the retraction mechanism are respectively M-shaped and U-shaped winding methods, the shape memory alloy electric drive starting system is reasonably designed, and the high-stability electric heating method ensures the response speed of the shape memory alloy electric drive system, the balance and stability of the stress / strain output.

[0030] It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts, as well as additional concepts described in greater detail below, may be considered to be part of the inventive subject matter of the present disclosure, provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent.

[0031] The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present invention can be more fully understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the present invention, such as the features and / or beneficial effects of the exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the following description or learned from the practice of the specific embodiments according to the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings are not drawn to scale according to actual reference objects. In the accompanying drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in various figures may be represented by the same reference numeral. For the sake of clarity, not every component is labeled in each figure. Now, embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 An exploded view of the unlocking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an unlocking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the push rod plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the connection position between the push rod plate and the limit block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connection position of the push rod plate and the lever assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the connection position of the release plate and the limit block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of an end frame, a stopper and a lever assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first shape memory alloy wire and a second shape memory alloy wire according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of installing a push rod plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.11A top view of a first surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.12 FIG. 4 is a top view of the second surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] The meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0046] 1-housing, 101-end hole; 2-bracket, 201-sixth fixing hole, 202-seventh fixing hole, 203-eighth fixing hole, 204-ninth fixing hole, 205-second protrusion, 206-first fixing hole, 207-retaining edge, 208-reserved groove, 209-fifth sliding hole, 2010-mounting plate, 2011-first protrusion; 3-latch, 301-connecting groove, 302-jack, 303-latch; 4-back cover, 5-circuit board; 6-block, 601-panel, 602-support plate, 603-first movable hole, 604-second movable hole; 7-end bracket, 701-third movable hole, 702-connecting hole; 8-push rod plate, 801-push rod, 802-plate body, 803-first sliding hole, 804-second sliding hole, 805-third sliding Hole, 806-fourth sliding hole, 807-connecting plate, 808-guide hole, 9-limiting block, 901-guide rod, 10-first guide wheel, 11-guide wheel fixing pin; 12-block, 1201-slot, 13-guide column; 14-first lever arm, 1401-first movable groove, 1402-first connecting column, 1403-second connecting column; 15-second lever arm, 1501-second movable groove, 1502-fourth connecting column, 1503-fifth connecting column, 1504-third connecting column; 16-first shape memory alloy wire, 17-first connector, 18-detachment plate, 1801-waist groove, 1802-sixth sliding hole, 1803-seventh sliding hole, 19-second guide wheel, 20-second memory alloy wire, 21-second connector, 22-reset spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the common meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0048] The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form of "a", "an" or "the" and similar words do not indicate a quantity limitation, but indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprise" include the features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components listed after "include" or "comprise", and do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their collections. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the star-rocket connection unlocking mechanism comprises a housing 1, a bracket 2, a latch 3, an extension mechanism, a retraction mechanism, and a circuit board 5. The housing 1 is a cylindrical structure as a whole, and a cavity is provided inside the housing 1. The bracket 2 is installed in the cavity. The front end of the housing 1 is a closed structure, and only an end hole 101 is provided in the middle. The end hole 101 is used for the front end of the push rod plate of the extension mechanism to pass through so that it can be connected with the latch. The rear end of the housing 1 is an open structure, and a back cover 4 is detachably connected to the open part, and the bracket 2 can be placed in it from the rear end of the housing 1. The latch 3 is arranged on the outer side of the front end of the housing 1, and a connection groove 301 is provided at the rear end of the latch 3. The opening of the connection groove 301 faces the front side of the housing 1. A plug hole 302 is provided at the top of the connection groove 301, and the plug hole 302 extends to communicate with the connection groove 301. A latch 303 is provided in the plug hole 302, and the latch 3 is connected to the front end of the push rod plate 8 through the latch 303.

[0050] like Figure 3As shown, the bracket 2 is a rectangular plate-like structure as a whole, and the middle of the bracket 2 is provided with a sixth fixing hole 201, a seventh fixing hole 202, an eighth fixing hole 203 and a ninth fixing hole 204 from the front end to the rear end, and each of the sixth fixing hole 201, the seventh fixing hole 202, the eighth fixing hole 203 and the ninth fixing hole 204 is provided with a connecting bolt, and the connecting bolt is used to flexibly connect the push rod plate 8 or the separation plate 18 to the bracket 2. The edges on both sides of the front end of the second surface of the bracket 2 are provided with second protrusions 205 that are symmetrically arranged, and the front end of the second protrusion 205 is provided with a first fixing hole 206, and the first fixing hole 206 is used to connect the fixed stopper 6, and the front end of the separation plate 18 is located between the two second protrusions 205. The middle of the second surface of the bracket 2 is provided with symmetrical retaining edges 207 on both sides, and the front end of the retaining edge 207 is provided with a limiting step, and a limiting groove located on the second surface of the bracket 2 is formed between the two retaining edges 207, and the bottom surface of the limiting groove is provided with a square pre- A slot 208 is provided, and a fifth sliding hole 209 of a long strip is provided in the reserved slot 208. The fifth sliding hole 209 is arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the bracket 2. The rear end of the bracket 2 is provided with a mounting plate 2010 perpendicular to its surface. A group of second fixing holes, third fixing holes and reserved holes are respectively provided on both sides of the mounting plate 2010. The reserved holes are located between the second fixing holes and the third fixing holes of the same group. The reserved holes are used for the end of the first shape memory alloy wire 16 to pass through so as to connect it with the first connector 17 connected to the circuit board 5. The circuit board 5 is installed on the rear end surface of the mounting plate 2010, and the cover body 4 covers the outer side of the circuit board 5 and is connected to the rear end of the housing 1 through the cooperation of the fixing bolts and the third fixing holes. A first surface of the bracket 2 is provided with a symmetrically arranged first protrusion 2011 in the middle of the two side edges along its length direction, and a fourth fixing hole is provided on the first protrusion 2011, the center point of the fourth fixing hole coincides with the center point of the second fixing hole, a guide column 13 is connected between the fourth fixing hole and the second fixing hole, and a return spring 22 is sleeved on the outside of the guide column 13.

[0051] like Figure 2As shown, a stopper 6 is connected to the front end of the bracket 2, and the stopper 6 includes an integrally formed panel 601 and two support plates 602, the two support plates 602 are vertically connected to the two sides of the bottom end of the panel 601, and the first movable hole 603 and the second movable hole 604 are respectively provided in the middle of the top and the middle of the bottom of the panel 601, and the panel 601 is fitted on the front end surface of the bracket 2, and the left and right sides of the panel 601 are fixedly connected to the first fixing hole 206 of the second protrusion 205 by screws, and the two support plates 602 extend to the bottom of the front end of the bracket 2 and are supported at the bottom of the end frame 7, so that the end frame 7 is connected between the bottom end of the stopper 6 and the bottom of the front end of the bracket 2. A third movable hole 701 is provided in the middle of the bottom end of the end frame 7, and the third movable hole 701 is used for the front end of the push rod plate 8 to pass through, and connecting holes 702 are provided on both sides of the rear end of the end frame 7 for connecting the front end of the lever assembly.

[0052] like Figure 2 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 As shown, the extension mechanism is arranged on the first surface of the bracket 2, and the extension mechanism includes a push rod plate 8, a lever assembly, a limit block 9, an extension SMA assembly, three first guide wheels 10, and a plurality of guide wheel fixing pins 11. The push rod plate 8 is a plate-like structure as a whole, including a push rod 801 and a plate body 802 connected in an integral molding, and the push rod 801 is vertically connected to the middle of the front end of the plate body 802, so that the push rod plate 8 is a convex-shaped structure as a whole.

[0053] The push rod 801 passes through the third movable hole 701, the second movable hole 604, and the end hole 101 in sequence to be connected with the latch pin 3. The front end of the push rod 801 is provided with a fifth fixing hole. The front end of the push rod 801 is inserted into the connecting groove 301 so that the fifth fixing hole corresponds to the position of the insertion hole 302. Then, the latch pin 303 is inserted into the insertion hole 302 and the fifth fixing hole in sequence, thereby connecting the push rod 801 with the latch pin 3, and the latch pin 3 is extended or retracted by the push rod 801.

[0054] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, both sides of the front end of the plate body 802 are respectively provided with a long first sliding hole 803 and a second sliding hole 804, and the first sliding hole 803 and the second sliding hole 804 are both arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the push rod 801, and the middle front end and the middle rear end of the plate body 802 are respectively provided with a long third sliding hole 805 and a fourth sliding hole 806, and the third sliding hole 805 and the fourth sliding hole 806 are both arranged parallel to the length direction of the push rod 801, the third sliding hole 805 is provided with a connecting bolt, and the other end of the connecting bolt is connected to the sixth fixing hole 201, and the fourth sliding hole 806 is provided with a connecting bolt, and the other end of the connecting bolt is connected to the ninth fixing hole 204, and the push rod plate 8 is movably connected to the first surface of the bracket 2 by the connecting bolt, so that the push rod plate 8 can move toward its front end or rear end relative to the bracket 2. A block 12 is provided on one side of the fourth slide hole 806, and a slot 1201 opening toward the fourth slide hole 806 is provided in the middle of the block 12. The front end of the side edge of the block 12 near the fourth slide hole 806 is in a transition arc structure. A limit assembly is provided on the inner surface of the plate body 802 on the other side opposite to the block 12. The limit assembly includes a limit block 9 and a guide rod 901. The limit block 9 is in a convex structure. The limit block 9 is movably connected to the other side of the fourth slide hole 806, and the tip of the limit block 9 opens toward the slot 1201; the guide rod 901 is vertically connected to one of the surfaces of the limit block 9, and the top end of the guide rod 901 passes through the bracket 2 and is movably connected to the middle of the release plate 18. Connecting plates 807 are provided on both sides of the rear end of the upper surface of the plate body 802, and the connecting plates 807 are arranged perpendicular to the plate body 802. Guide holes 808 are provided on the connecting plates 807. When the push rod plate 8 is installed on the lower surface of the bracket 2, the center point of the fourth fixing hole, the center point of the guide hole 808 and the center point of the reserved hole coincide, and the guide column 13 passes through the reserved hole, the guide hole 808 and the fourth fixing hole in sequence, so that the push rod plate 8 is installed on the lower surface of the bracket 2. A reset spring 22 is sleeved on the outside of the guide column 13 located between the fourth fixing hole and the second fixing hole, and the reset spring 22 is used to reset the extended push rod plate 8.

[0055] The lever assembly includes a first lever arm 14 and a second lever arm 15. A first movable groove 1401 is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the first lever arm 14, a first connecting column 1402 and a second connecting column 1403 are respectively provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the front end of the first lever arm 14, and a third connecting column is provided on the lower surface of the rear end of the first lever arm 14; a second movable groove 1501 is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the second lever arm 15, a fourth connecting column 1502 and a fifth connecting column 1503 are respectively provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the front end of the second lever arm 15, and a sixth connecting column 1504 is provided on the lower surface of the rear end of the second lever arm 15. The first movable groove 1401 and the second movable groove 1501 are fitted and sleeved, so that the first lever arm 1401 and the second lever arm 1501 are movably connected in an X shape with the middle part as the fulcrum, the third connecting column is movably connected to the first sliding hole 803, the second connecting column 1403 is connected to one of the connecting holes 702 of the end frame 7, and the first connecting column 1402 is connected to the bracket 2; the sixth connecting column 1504 is connected to the second sliding hole 804, the fifth connecting column 1503 is connected to another connecting hole 702 of the end frame 7, and the fourth connecting column 1502 is connected to the bracket 2, so that the first lever arm 14 and the second lever arm 15 are connected between the push rod plate 8 and the bracket 2 in a scissors-fork structure, and the push rod plate 8 is extended and retracted respectively through the opening and closing of the scissors-fork structure.

[0056] Two of the three first guide wheels 10 are respectively arranged on both sides of the outer surface of the end frame 7 through the guide wheel fixing pins 11, and the remaining first guide wheel 10 is arranged in the middle of the mounting plate 2010 through the guide wheel fixing pin 11. The three first guide wheels 10 are on the same horizontal plane. Fig. 9As shown, the elongated SMA assembly includes a first shape memory alloy wire 16 and two first connectors 17. The first shape memory alloy wire 16 is in an M shape and sequentially surrounds the three first guide wheels 10. The two ends of the first shape memory alloy wire 16 pass through two reserved holes respectively to be connected to the two first connectors 17 respectively. One end of the first connector 17 is connected to the end of the first shape memory alloy wire 16, and the other end of the first connector 17 is electrically connected to the circuit board 5. The first connector 17 is controlled to be powered on and off by the circuit board 5, thereby controlling the shape change of the first shape memory alloy wire 16, that is, when the first connector 17 is powered on, the first shape memory alloy wire 16 shrinks due to heat, pulling the first lever arm 14 and the second lever arm 15 to open each other, thereby pulling the push rod plate 8 to push the latch 3 forward to extend it, and after the latch 3 reaches the preset stroke, the limit block 9 extends and inserts into the slot, thereby limiting the push rod plate 8; after the first connector 17 is powered off, the first shape memory alloy wire 17 cools and returns to its original state, and under the restoring action of the reset spring 22, the limit block 9 is separated from the slot, and the first lever arm 14 and the second lever arm 15 close together to return to their original state, pulling the push rod plate to return to its original state. The arrangement of the lever assembly, its magnification ratio and angle setting are all used as a stroke magnification mechanism to adapt to the maximum stress and strain of the elongated SMA assembly.

[0057] like Figure 7 As shown, the retraction mechanism includes a detachment plate 18, a retracting SMA assembly, a second guide wheel 19, and a plurality of guide wheel fixing pins 11. The detachment plate 18 is provided with a fixing hole, a seventh sliding hole 1802, and an eighth sliding hole 1803 in sequence from the middle of the front end to the middle of the rear end. The second guide wheel 19 is arranged on the fixing hole at the front end of the detachment plate 18 through the guide wheel fixing pin 11. A square insert is provided in the middle of the inner surface of the detachment plate 18. The insert protrudes from the inner surface of the detachment plate 18. The width of the insert is the same as the width of the reserved groove 208, and the length of the insert is less than the length of the reserved groove 208. The length of the insert is such that the insert is movably connected to the reserved groove 208. The insert is provided with an oblique waist groove 1801, which passes through the detachment plate 18. The limit block 9 is located below the reserved groove 208, and the guide rod 901 of the limit block 9 passes through the fifth sliding hole and the waist groove 1801 in sequence. The oblique waist groove 1801 of the detachment plate 18 is designed to convert the horizontal movement of the detachment plate 18 into the vertical movement of the limit block 9. The design angle of the waist groove 1801 is related to the stroke of the detachment plate 18 (i.e., the strain of the retracted SMA component) and the stroke and force of the limit block 9. Fig. 9As shown, the retractable SMA assembly includes a second shape memory alloy wire 20 and two second connectors 21. The second shape memory alloy wire 20 is U-shaped and wrapped around the second guide wheel 19. Both ends of the second shape memory alloy wire 20 are respectively connected to the two second connectors 21. One end of the second connector 21 is connected to the end of the second shape memory alloy wire 20, and the other end of the second connector 21 is electrically connected to the circuit board 5. The power on and off of the second connector 21 is controlled by the circuit board 5.

[0058] The embodiment of the present invention has the following working states:

[0059] State 1: It is the initial state, the extension SMA assembly and the retraction SMA assembly are both in the power-off state, and the latch is in the retracted state.

[0060] State 2: The latch pin 3 is in the extended state, the extended SMA assembly is energized, pulling the end frame 7 to move, and under the action of the lever assembly, the push rod plate 8 is pushed to move in the opposite direction to reach the stroke position. At this time, the limit block 9 extends out and inserts into the slot, thereby clamping the push rod plate 8, and the extended SMA assembly is powered off; at this time, the retracted SMA assembly is still in the powered-off state.

[0061] State three: the latch begins to unlock and extend. The retracted SMA assembly is powered on, pulling the disengagement plate 18 to move, and the oblique waist groove of the disengagement plate 18 pushes the limit block 9 in the opposite direction to move, so that the limit block 9 is disengaged from the slot 1201, thereby disengaging from the push rod plate 8. At the same time, under the action of the reset spring 22, the push rod plate 8 is quickly retracted, the extended SMA assembly returns to the initial state, and the retracted SMA assembly is powered off.

[0062] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. A person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A quick release mechanism for satellite-rocket connection based on SMA, characterized in that: It comprises a bracket (2), an extension mechanism, a retraction mechanism and a circuit board (5), the extension mechanism and the retraction mechanism being arranged on a first surface and a second surface of the bracket (2) respectively, and the circuit board (5) being mounted on a rear end of the bracket (2); An end frame (7) is provided at the front end of the first surface, and a third movable hole (701) is provided in the middle of the bottom of the front end of the end frame (7); The extension mechanism comprises a push rod plate (8), a lever assembly, an extension SMA assembly, three first guide wheels (10) and a limit assembly, wherein the push rod plate (8) is movably arranged on the first surface, the front end of the push rod plate (8) passes through the third movable hole (701), the limit assembly is movably arranged in the middle of the inner side surface of the push rod plate (8), and a clamping block (12) is provided opposite to the limit assembly to engage with the limit assembly, the lever assembly is arranged between the push rod plate (8) and the bracket (2), the front end of the lever assembly is movably connected to both sides of the rear end of the end bracket (7), and the rear end of the lever assembly is movably connected to the middle of the push rod plate (8). The two sides of the first guide wheel (10) are movably connected, two of the first guide wheels (10) are respectively arranged on both sides of the third movable hole (701) of the end frame (7), and the remaining first guide wheel (10) is arranged in the middle of the rear end of the first surface, the elongated SMA component comprises a first shape memory alloy wire (16) and two first connectors (17), the first shape memory alloy wire (16) is sequentially wound between the three first guide wheels (10), the two ends of the first shape memory alloy wire (16) are respectively connected to the circuit board (5) through the first connector (17), and the first connector (17) is electrically connected to the circuit board (5); The retracting mechanism comprises a disengagement plate (18), a retracting SMA component, and a second guide wheel (19); the disengagement plate (18) is arranged on the second surface; the second guide wheel (19) is arranged in the middle of the front end of the disengagement plate (18); a long waist-shaped groove (1801) arranged obliquely is opened in the middle of the disengagement plate (18); the top end of the limiting component passes through the bracket (2) and is movably connected to the waist-shaped groove; the retracting SMA component comprises a second shape memory alloy wire (20) and two second connectors (21); the second shape memory alloy wire (20) is wrapped around the second guide wheel (19); the two ends of the second shape memory alloy wire (20) are respectively connected to the circuit board (5) through the second connector (21); and the second connector (21) is electrically connected to the circuit board (5).

2. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting assembly comprises a limiting block (9) and a guide rod (901); the limiting block (9) is in a convex structure; and the guide rod (901) is vertically connected to one of the surfaces of the limiting block (9); A slot (1201) is provided on the inner side of the clamping block (12); the limit block (9) is movably arranged on the inner side surface of the push rod plate (8) opposite to the slot (1201); the tip of the limit block (9) faces the slot (1201) so that the limit block (9) and the slot (1201) are engaged and engaged; the guide rod (901) passes through the bracket (2) and is movably connected to the waist-shaped groove (1801) so as to drive the limit block (9) to move through the separation plate (18).

3. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center point of the first guide wheel (10) arranged at the rear end of the bracket (2) is located on the midpoint line of the center line of the two first guide wheels (10) arranged on both sides of the end frame (7), so that the first shape memory alloy wire (16) is wound in sequence between the three first guide wheels (10) in an M shape; The second shape memory alloy wire (20) is wound in a U shape on the second guide wheel (19).

4. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick release mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a shell (1) and a latch pin (3); the front end of the shell (1) is a closed structure with only an end hole (101) in the middle; a cavity is provided inside the shell (1); the bracket (2) is arranged in the cavity; the latch pin (3) is arranged outside the front end of the shell (1); the front end of the push rod plate (8) passes through the third movable hole (701), the end hole (101) and is connected to the latch pin (3) in sequence.

5. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rear end of the housing (1) is an open structure and is detachably connected to a rear cover (4); The rear end of the bracket (2) is vertically connected to a mounting plate (2010), the circuit board (5) is arranged on the rear end surface of the mounting plate (2010), the first guide wheel (10) located at the rear end of the first surface is arranged in the middle of the mounting plate (2010), and the rear cover (4) is connected to the outside of the mounting plate (2010).

6. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick release mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lever assembly comprises a first lever arm (14) and a second lever arm (15), wherein the first lever arm (14) and the second lever arm (15) are connected in an X shape with their middle portions serving as a movable fulcrum; The front end of the first lever arm (14) is connected between one side of the inner side of the end frame (7) and the bracket (2), and the rear end of the first lever arm (14) is connected to one side of the middle part of the push rod plate (8); The front end of the second lever arm (15) is connected between one side of the inner side of the end frame (7) and the bracket (2), and the rear end of the second lever arm (15) is connected to the other side of the middle of the push rod plate (8).

7. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first movable groove (1401) is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the first lever arm (14), a first connecting column (1402) and a second connecting column (1403) are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the front end of the first lever arm (14), respectively, and a third connecting column is provided on the lower surface of the rear end of the first lever arm (14); A second movable groove (1501) is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the second lever arm (15); a fourth connecting column (1502) and a fifth connecting column (1503) are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the front end of the second lever arm (15); and a sixth connecting column (1504) is provided on the lower surface of the rear end of the second lever arm (15); The first movable groove (1401) and the second movable groove (1501) are sleeved together so that the first lever arm (14) and the second lever arm (15) are movably connected in an X shape; The third connecting column and the sixth connecting column (1504) are respectively connected to the two sides of the middle part of the push rod plate (8), and the two sides of the bottom end of the end frame (7) are respectively provided with connecting holes (702), the second connecting column (1403) and the fifth connecting column (1503) are respectively connected to the connecting holes (702), and the first connecting column (1402) and the fourth connecting column (1502) are respectively connected to the two sides of the front end of the first surface.

8. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick unlocking mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: A stopper (6) is provided at the front end of the bracket (2), the stopper (6) comprising an integrally formed panel (601) and two support plates (602), the two support plates (602) being vertically connected to both sides of the bottom end of the panel (601), a first movable hole (603) and a second movable hole (604) being respectively provided in the middle of the top end and the middle of the bottom end of the panel (601), the panel (601) being arranged on the front end surface of the bracket (2) when attached, the two support plates (602) extending to the bottom of the front end of the bracket (2) and supported at the bottom end of the end frame (7); The front end of the push rod plate (8) passes through the third movable hole (701), the second movable hole (604), and the end hole (101) in sequence to be connected to the latch pin (3), and the front end of the disengagement plate (18) passes through the first movable hole (603).

9. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick release mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: The push rod plate (8) comprises a push rod (801) and a plate body (802) which are integrally formed and connected. The push rod (801) is vertically connected to the middle of the front end of the plate body (802), so that the push rod plate (8) as a whole has a convex structure. The push rod (801) passes through the third movable hole (701), the second movable hole (604), and the end hole (101) in sequence to be detachably connected to the latch pin (3).

10. The SMA-based satellite-rocket connection quick release mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that: A first surface of the bracket (2) is provided with symmetrically arranged first protrusions (2011) at the middle of both side edges along the length direction thereof; connecting plates (807) perpendicular to the plate body (802) are provided on both sides of the rear end of the plate body (802); a guide hole (808) is provided on the connecting plate (807); a guide column (13) is movably connected in the guide hole (808); a front end and a rear end of the guide column (13) are respectively connected to the first protrusion (211) and the rear end of the bracket (2); and a return spring (22) is sleeved on the outside of the guide column (13) located between the first protrusion (211) and the rear end of the bracket (2).

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