SCell activation

Abstract

One disclosure of the present specification provides a method for a UE to perform communication. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving an RRC connection reconfiguration message from a PCell; an RRC connection reconfiguration completion message is sent to the PCell; receiving an activation command message for the SCell from the PCell; performing cell detection on the SCell; transmitting information related to the optimal transmission beam of the SCell to the PCell; and transmitting, to the PCell, information related to the number of second receiving beams for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmission beam, the second receiving beams for beam management corresponding to the first receiving beams for cell detection by the UE.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to radio communications. Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for implementing high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE goals, including those aimed at reducing user and supplier costs, improving service quality, and expanding and improving coverage and system capacity. 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, simple structure, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption of terminals as upper layer requirements.

[0003] Development of requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems has begun in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP. 3GPP must identify and develop technical components for successful standardization of new RATs that will meet both immediate market needs and longer-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process in a timely manner. In addition, NR should be able to use any spectrum band in the range of at least up to 100 GHz that can be used for wireless communications even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is a single technology framework that addresses all use cases, requirements and deployment scenarios, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. NR should be inherently forward compatible.

[0005] The prior art has the problem that it takes a long time to activate a secondary cell (SCell) in the millimeter wave (mmW) band, which results in inefficient communication system performance. Summary of the invention

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] In one aspect, a method for a UE to perform communication is provided. The method may include the following steps: receiving an RRC connection reconfiguration message from a PCell; sending an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message to the PCell; receiving an activation command message for an SCell from the PCell; performing cell detection for the SCell; sending information related to an optimal transmit beam of the SCell to the PCell; and sending information related to a beam number of a second receive beam for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmit beam to the PCell, the second receive beam for beam management corresponding to a first receive beam for cell detection of the UE.

[0008] In another aspect, a device for implementing the above method is provided.

[0009] In one aspect, a method for performing communication in a PCell is provided. The method may include the following steps: sending an RRC connection reconfiguration message to a UE; receiving an RRC connection reconfiguration completion message from the UE; sending an activation command message for an SCell to the UE; receiving information related to an optimal transmit beam of the SCell from the UE; and receiving information related to the number of beams of a second receive beam for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmit beam from the UE, the second receive beam for beam management corresponding to a first receive beam for cell detection of the UE.

[0010] In another aspect, a device for implementing the above method is provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0012] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0014] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0015] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0016] Figure 6 An example of a process for activating a SCell is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 7 An example of the operation according to the first example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 8 An example of the operation according to the second example of the disclosure of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0019] Fig. 9 An example of the operation of the fourth example according to the disclosure of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0020] Fig.10 An example of operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following techniques, devices and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. The evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0022] The following techniques, devices and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. The evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0023] For ease of description, the implementation of the present disclosure is mainly described with respect to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0024] For terms and techniques not specifically described among the terms and techniques used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to the present disclosure.

[0025] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B, or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0026] In the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0027] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as being the same as "at least one of A and B".

[0028] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0029] In addition, the brackets used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when it is shown as "control information (ie, PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0030] The technical features described separately in one drawing of the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0031] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0032] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks and / or functional blocks.

[0033] Although a user equipment (UE) is illustrated by way of example in the drawings, the illustrated UE may be referred to as a terminal, a mobile equipment (ME), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a notebook computer, a mobile phone, a PDA, a smart phone, and a multimedia device, or may be a non-portable device such as a PC or a vehicle-mounted device.

[0034] In the following, UE is used as an example of a wireless communication device (or wireless device or wireless equipment) capable of wireless communication. The operation performed by the UE may be performed by a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless device, a wireless equipment, etc. In the following, AMF may refer to an AMF node, SMF may refer to an SMF node, and UPF may refer to a UPF node.

[0035] The base station used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and may also be referred to as an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, and a next-generation NodeB (gNB).

[0036] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0037] Figure 1 The 5G usage scenarios shown in are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to Figure 1 Other 5G usage scenarios not shown.

[0038] The three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) category.

[0039] Some use cases may require multiple categories for optimization, and others may focus only on key performance indicators (KPIs). 5G supports these various use cases with a flexible and reliable approach.

[0040] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and covers a large number of two-way operations in the cloud and augmented reality as well as media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core driving forces of 5G, and in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be provided for the first time. In 5G, it is expected that the data connection provided by the communication system will be used as an application to simply process voice. The main reason for the increase in traffic is due to the increase in content size and the increase in the number of applications that require high data transmission rates. As more devices are connected to the Internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile Internet access will be more widely used. These many applications require connectivity in an always-on state to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both operations and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the growth of uplink data transmission rates. 5G is also used for remote cloud operations. When using a tactile interface, 5G requires lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good experience for users. Entertainment (e.g., cloud games and video streaming) is another core element that increases the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets anywhere, including in high mobility environments such as trains, vehicles and airplanes. Other use cases are augmented reality for entertainment and information search. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0041] Additionally, one of the most anticipated 5G use cases involves the ability to smoothly connect embedded sensors in all fields (i.e., mMTC). The number of potential Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one of the categories that plays a major role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0042] URLLC includes new services that will transform industries (e.g., autonomous vehicles) through remote control of key infrastructure and ultra-reliable / available low-latency links. To control smart grids, automate industry, enable robotics, and control and regulate drones, the level of reliability and latency is critical.

[0043] 5G is a means of providing streaming services estimated at a few hundred megabits per second to a gigabit per second, and can complement fiber to the home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such fast speeds are needed to deliver 4K or higher (6K, 8K and higher) resolution TV as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include virtually immersive sports games. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, gaming companies need to merge core servers into network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0044] Along with many use cases for mobile communications for vehicles, it is expected that cars will become a new important driving force in 5G. For example, the entertainment of passengers requires high simultaneous capacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because future users continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive field is the AR dashboard. The AR dashboard enables the driver to identify objects in the dark in addition to the objects seen from the front window, and displays the distance to the object and the movement of the object by overlapping the information told to the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between cars and other connected devices (e.g., devices attached to pedestrians). The safety system guides alternative behavior processes so that drivers can drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remote control or autonomous vehicles. This requires very high reliability and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will only focus on abnormal traffic that cannot be recognized by the vehicle. The technical requirements of autonomous vehicles require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to increase traffic safety to a level that humans cannot reach.

[0045] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, known as smart societies, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of smart sensors will identify conditions for cost and energy-saving maintenance in cities or homes. Similar configurations can be performed for individual homes. Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically have low data transfer rates, power, and costs. However, certain types of devices may require real-time HD video to perform monitoring.

[0046] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is distributed at a higher level, requiring automatic control of a distributed sensor network. Smart grids collect information and use digital information and communication technologies to connect sensors to each other to act according to the collected information. Since this information can include the behavior of power supply companies and consumers, smart grids can improve the distribution of fuels such as electricity by methods with efficiency, reliability, economic viability, production sustainability and automation. Smart grids can also be considered as another sensor network with low latency.

[0047] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the 5G use cases. The health segment contains many applications that can enjoy the benefits of mobile communications. The communication system can support telemedicine that provides clinical treatment in distant places. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to medical services that are not continuously available in remote rural areas. Telemedicine is also used to perform important treatments and save lives in emergency situations. Wireless sensor networks based on mobile communications can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0048] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in the field of industrial applications. Cabling is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity in many industrial fields. However, in order to achieve this replacement, wireless connections need to be established with latency, reliability and capacity similar to cables, and the management of wireless connections needs to be simplified. When it comes to connecting to 5G, low latency and very low error probability are new requirements.

[0049] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, which allow inventory and packages to be tracked anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight use cases typically require low data rates, but require location information with wide range and reliability.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 , the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Figure 1A 5G network is shown as an example of a network of the communication system 1, but implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system and may be applied to future communication systems other than the 5G system.

[0051] The BS 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0052] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or LTE), and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. A vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like. Handheld devices may include smart phones, smart boards, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0053] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a tablet personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the field of the fourth industrial revolution.

[0054] A UAV may be, for example, an aircraft that is flown by wireless control signals without humans on board.

[0055] VR devices may include, for example, devices for realizing objects or backgrounds of a virtual world. AR devices may include, for example, devices realized by connecting objects or backgrounds of a virtual world to objects or backgrounds of a real world. MR devices may include, for example, devices realized by merging objects or backgrounds of a virtual world into objects or backgrounds of a real world. Holographic devices may include, for example, devices for realizing 360-degree stereoscopic images by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information using an interference phenomenon of light generated when two lasers meet, called holography.

[0056] Public safety devices may include, for example, image relay devices or image devices wearable on a user's body.

[0057] MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation, for example. For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0058] For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating or correcting an injury or disorder. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of inspecting, replacing or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for surgery, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid or a device for surgery.

[0059] For example, a safety device may be a device installed to prevent possible danger and maintain safety. For example, a safety device may be a camera, a closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0060] For example, a FinTech device may be a device that can provide financial services such as mobile payment. For example, a FinTech device may include a payment device or a point of sale (POS) system.

[0061] Weather / environmental devices may include, for example, devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environmental conditions.

[0062] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. The AI ​​technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a super 5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., side link communication) with each other without passing through the BS 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). An IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0063] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BS 200. In this document, wireless communication / connection may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f may send / receive radio signals to each other through wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may send / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, various configuration information configuration processes for sending / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and at least a portion of a resource allocation process may be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0064] AI means the field that studies artificial intelligence or methods that can create it, and machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems addressed in the field of AI and methods to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a task through steady experience with the task.

[0065] A robot means a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task by its own ability. Specifically, a robot that has the ability to recognize the environment and make self-determination to perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. According to the purpose or field of use, robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. The robot can perform various physical operations such as moving the robot joints using actuators or motors. The movable robot also includes wheels, brakes, propellers, etc. on the drive, allowing it to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0066] Autonomous driving means the technology of self-driving, and autonomous vehicles mean vehicles that are driven without user control or with minimal user control. For example, autonomous driving may include keeping lane movement, automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), automatically driving along a set route, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. Vehicles include vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and may include trains, motorcycles, etc. as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles can be regarded as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0067] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology only provides objects and backgrounds of the real world through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real object images. MR technology is a CG technology that combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they show real objects and virtual objects together. However, the difference is that in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a complementary form of real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as the same characteristics.

[0068] NR supports multiple parameter sets (and / or multiple subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15kHz, wide areas can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if the SCS is 30kHz / 60kHz, dense cities, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths can be supported. If the SCS is 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0069] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely, FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may vary. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "below 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range", and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 may include FR 2-1 and FR 2-2 as shown in the examples of Tables 1 and 2.

[0070] [Table 1]

[0071]

[0072] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed frequency band. The unlicensed frequency band can be used for various purposes (e.g., for communication of vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving)).

[0073] [Table 2]

[0074]

[0075] Here, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, which may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be referred to as various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate a personal area network (PAN) associated with low-power / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to as various names.

[0076] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0077] Reference Figure 2 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 may transmit / receive radio signals to / from an external device through various RATs (eg, LTE and NR).

[0078] exist Figure 2 In the example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS200 and BS200}.

[0079] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 106 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 101 ), and / or one or more antennas 108 .

[0080] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 102 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 104 ). Figure 2 It is exemplarily shown that the memory 104 is included in the processing chip 101. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside the processing chip 101.

[0081] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0082] The memory 104 may be operatively connected to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store software code 105 implementing instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0083] In this document, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0084] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 206 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 201 ), and / or one or more antennas 208 .

[0085] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 202 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 204 ). Figure 2 It is exemplarily shown that the memory 204 is included in the processing chip 201. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside the processing chip 201.

[0086] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0087] The memory 204 may be operatively connected to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store software code 205 implementing instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0088] In this document, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0089] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by (but not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the description, function, process, suggestion, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, process, suggestion, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and provide the generated signal to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information.

[0090] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using software or firmware in the form of codes, commands and / or command sets.

[0091] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, register, flash memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0092] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can send user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, suggestion, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in the present disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, suggestion, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in the present disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and send and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can send user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0093] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0094] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals so as to process the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may up-convert OFDM baseband signals into OFDM signals through their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive the OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal through its (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202 .

[0095] In an implementation of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in an uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in a downlink (DL). Within an implementation of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. In the following, for ease of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as a UE and the second wireless device 200 acts as a BS. For example, a processor 102 connected to, installed on, or started in the first wireless device 100 may be configured to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure, or to control a transceiver 106 to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. A processor 202 connected to, installed on, or started in the second wireless device 200 may be configured to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure, or to control a transceiver 206 to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0096] In this disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a Node B (NB), an eNodeB (eNB), or a gNB.

[0097] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0098] Can be based on use cases / services (see Figure 1 ) Wireless devices are implemented in various forms.

[0099] Reference Figure 3, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Figure 2 The wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present invention may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit 110 may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Figure 2 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or Figure 2 One or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Figure 2 One or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or Figure 2 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface via the communication unit 110, or store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface via the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0100] The additional component 140 may be variously configured according to the type of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional component 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be in the form of (but not limited to) a robot ( Figure 1 100a), vehicles ( Figure 1 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Figure 1 100c), handheld device ( Figure 1 100d), household appliances ( Figure 1 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 1 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, FinTech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Figure 1 400), BS( Figure 1in the form of the wireless devices 100 and 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be used in mobile or fixed positions according to usage examples / services.

[0101] In Figure 3 , various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part of them can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130 and 140) can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 can be configured by RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0102] <NR's operating frequency band>

[0103] The operating frequency bands in NR are as follows.

[0104] The operating frequency bands in Table 3 below are the operating frequency bands converted (refarmed) from the operating frequency bands of LTE / LTE-A. This can be referred to as the FR1 band.

[0105] [Table 3]

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] The following table shows the NR operating frequency bands defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0109] [Table 4]

[0110]

[0111] <6G system overview>

[0112] The 6G (wireless communication) system has purposes such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The conception of the 6G system may include four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "universal connectivity", and the 6G system may meet the requirements shown in Table 5 below. That is, Table 5 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0113] [Table 5]

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] The 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communications, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0117] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0118] The 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. In 6G communication, URLLC (a key feature of 5G) will become a more important technology by providing an end-to-end delay of less than 1ms. At this time, unlike the frequently used regional spectrum efficiency, the 6G system can have much better volumetric spectrum efficiency (volumetricspectrum efficiency). The 6G system can provide advanced battery technology for energy collection and very long battery life. Therefore, in the 6G system, mobile devices may not need to be charged separately. In addition, in 6G, new network features may be as follows.

[0119] -Satellite integrated network: To provide global mobile groups, 6G will be integrated with satellites. Integrating ground waves, satellites, and public networks into one wireless communication system may be very important for 6G.

[0120] -Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and wireless evolution can be updated from "connecting things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or every step of the signal processing process described below).

[0121] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks can deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0122] -Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions from drones and very low earth orbit satellites will establish super 3D connectivity ubiquitously in 6G.

[0123] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements can be as follows

[0124] -Small cell network: The idea of ​​small cell network is introduced to improve the throughput, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency in cellular systems to improve the quality of received signals. Therefore, small cell network is a basic feature for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Therefore, 6G communication systems will also adopt the characteristics of small cell network.

[0125] -Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous network will be another important feature of 6G communication system. Multi-layer network composed of heterogeneous networks will improve the overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0126] - High Capacity Backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by a high capacity backhaul network in order to support high capacity traffic. High speed optical fiber and Free Space Optics (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

[0127] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0128] -Software and virtualization: Software and virtualization are two important features that are the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, shared physical infrastructure can share billions of devices.

[0129] <Core Implementation Technology of 6G System>

[0130] AI

[0131] The most important and latest technology to be introduced in the 6G system is AI. The 4G system does not involve AI. The 5G system will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will support AI for full automation. In 6G, advances in machine learning will create smarter networks for real-time communications. In the case where AI is introduced into communications, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use many analyses to determine ways to perform complex target operations. That is, AI can improve efficiency and reduce processing delays.

[0132] Time-consuming tasks such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can even play an important role in M2M, machine-to-man, and man-to-machine communications. In addition, AI can be a fast communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, smart cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0133] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems in the application layer or network layer, but deep learning has been concentrated in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research has gradually developed to the MAC layer and the physical layer, and specifically, attempts have begun to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms instead of traditional communication frameworks in basic signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, it may include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mechanisms, AI-based resource scheduling and allocation, etc.

[0134] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and can be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in MIMO systems.

[0135] Machine learning refers to a series of operations to train a machine in order to create a machine that can perform tasks that cannot be performed by humans or are difficult to perform by humans. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be roughly divided into three methods, that is, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0136] Neural network learning is to minimize the output error. Neural network learning refers to the process of repeatedly inputting training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the output of the neural network and the target for the training data, backpropagating the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in order to reduce the error and update the weight of each node of the neural network.

[0137] Supervised learning can use training data marked with the correct answer, and unsupervised learning can use training data that is not marked with the correct answer. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data can be marked with categories. The marked training data can be input to the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network can be compared with the label of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is back-propagated from the neural network backward (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node of each layer of the neural network can be updated according to the back-propagation. The change in the updated connection weight of each node can be determined according to the learning rate. The calculation of the neural network for the input data and the back-propagation of the error can configure the learning cycle (epoch). The learning data is applied differently according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stages of learning of the neural network, a high learning rate can be used to improve efficiency so that the neural network quickly ensures a certain level of performance, and in the later stages of learning, a low learning rate can be used to improve accuracy.

[0138] The learning method can vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in order to accurately predict the data sent from the transmitter in the receiver in the communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning to perform learning.

[0139] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, the paradigm of machine learning using a neural network structure with high complexity (such as an artificial neural network) as a learning model is called deep learning.

[0140] The neural network core used as the learning method can generally include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recurrent Boltzmann machine (RNN) method, and a spiking neural network (SNN). Such a learning model is applicable.

[0141] THz (Terahertz) Communication

[0142] The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using (sub-THz) sub-THz communications with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves (also called submillimeter radiation) generally indicate a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz, where the corresponding wavelength is in the range of 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band range (sub-THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communications. With the addition of the sub-THz band to the millimeter wave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity is increased. 300GHz to 3THz in the defined THz band is in the far infrared (IR) band. The band from 300GHz to 3THz is part of the optical band, but it is on the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the band from 300GHz to 3THz has similarities with RF.

[0143] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0144] The main characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth supporting very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with devices and BSs operating in this frequency band. Therefore, advanced adaptive deployment techniques that can overcome range limitations can be used.

[0145] Massive MIMO

[0146] One of the core technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is MIMO technology. When MIMO technology improves, spectrum efficiency also improves. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beamforming and management technology suitable for THz bands should be considered to enable data signals to be sent through one or more paths.

[0147] Holographic Beamforming

[0148] Beamforming is a signal processing process that adjusts an antenna array to send a radio signal in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has multiple advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that is significantly different from MIMO systems because this uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a very effective method for efficiently and flexibly sending and receiving signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0149] Optical Wireless Technology

[0150] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to carry signals. OWC that operates in the visible light band (e.g., 390nm to 750nm) is often referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations can utilize light emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal area networks, and vehicle-mounted networks.

[0151] VLC has multiple advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is idle / licensed and can provide a wide bandwidth (THz level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications, such as airplanes and hospitals. Third, VLC has advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium (i.e., visible light) of VLC-based networks cannot pass through walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect the privacy and sensitive information of users. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, thereby eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0152] Free space optics (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (such as air), external space, and vacuum to send data wirelessly for telecommunications or computer networks. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near infrared frequencies (750nm-1600nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10Gbit / s), providing a potential solution to the backhaul bottleneck.

[0153] In addition to RF-based communications for all possible devices to access networks, these OWC technologies are also planned to be used for 6G communications. These networks will connect access networks to backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technologies have been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.

[0154] Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is also based on optical bands and can be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to illuminate an object and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure the distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving of cars.

[0155] FSO Backhaul Network

[0156] The characteristics of the transmitter and receiver of the FSO system are similar to those of the optical fiber network. Therefore, the data transmission of the FSO system is similar to that of the optical fiber system. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connection in 6G system together with the optical fiber network. When using FSO, even very long-distance communication is possible at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports a large number of backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connections.

[0157] Non-terrestrial network (NTN)

[0158] 6G systems will integrate terrestrial and aerial networks to support vertically extended user communications. 3D BS will be delivered via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR sees non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as a way to achieve this. NTNs are networks or network segments that use RF resources on satellites (or UAS platforms). For NTNs that provide access to user devices, there are two common scenarios: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0159] - One or more sat gateways connecting the NTN to the public data network.

[0160] -GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one sat gateway.

[0161] - Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between the continuously served satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow mobility anchoring and handoff.

[0162] -Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0163] - A service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0164] - Satellites (or UAS platforms) that can implement transparent payloads or regenerative (with onboard processing) payloads. Beams generated by satellites (or UAS platforms) typically generate multiple beams for a given service area, depending on the field of view. The footprint of the beam is typically elliptical. The field of view of a satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0165] - Transparent Payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification so the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0166] - Regenerative payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is effectively the same as having all or part of the base station functionality (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0167] - For satellite deployment, optionally, an Inter-Satellite Link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. The ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0168] - User equipment is served by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target coverage area.

[0169] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional or local services.

[0170] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide coverage in both the northern and southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and links between satellites.

[0171] Quantum communication

[0172] Quantum communication is the next generation of communication technology, which can overcome the limitations of traditional communication (such as security and high-speed computing, etc.) by applying quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means of generating, sending, processing and storing information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0 and 1 according to the binary bit information used in existing communication technology. In conventional communication technology, wavelength or amplitude is used to send information between the transmitter and the receiver, but in quantum communication, photons as the smallest light unit are used to send information between the transmitter and the receiver. Specifically, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. In addition, quantum communication can also use quantum entanglement under certain conditions to achieve ultra-high-speed communication.

[0173] No cell communication

[0174] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is key in 6G systems. As a result, users can move seamlessly from one network to another without having to create any manual configuration on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will destroy the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in dense networks, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS.

[0175] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which a large number of geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperate to serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and CPU". A single terminal is served by a collection of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are many ways to form an AP cluster, among which the method of configuring an AP cluster to significantly help improve the reception performance of a terminal is called a terminal-centric clustering method, and when using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By adopting this device-centric AP clustering technology, the device is always at the center of the AP cluster, so there is no inter-cluster interference that may occur when the device is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies as well as different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0176] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0177] WIET uses the same field and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communications.

[0178] Integration of wireless communications and sensing

[0179] Autonomous wireless networks are the ability to continuously detect dynamically changing environmental states and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

[0180] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0181] In 6G, the density of access networks will be huge. Each access network is connected by optical fiber and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). In order to cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access network and the backhaul network.

[0182] Big Data Analysis

[0183] Big data analytics is a complex process used to analyze various large data sets or big data. The process finds information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer dispositions to ensure complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used in 6G systems to process massive amounts of data.

[0184] Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0185] There is a large body of research that considers the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is called a smart radio environment (SRE) or intelligent radio environment (IRE) to highlight its fundamental difference from past design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for SRE-enabled reconfigurable smart antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) technology, including reconfigurable metasurfaces, smart large smart surfaces (SLIS), large smart surfaces (LIS), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS).

[0186] In the case of THz band signals, there are many shadow areas caused by obstacles due to the strong nature of the signal, and RIS technology is important for expanding the communication area by installing RIS near these shadow areas to enhance communication stability and realize additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be regarded as an extension of massive MIMO, it has an array structure and working mechanism different from massive MIMO. RIS also has the advantage of lower power consumption because it works as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, which means that it only passively reflects signals without using active RF chains. In addition, each of the passive reflectors in RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, which may be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift with the help of the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to increase the received signal power.

[0187] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are RIS that can adjust transmission characteristics and refraction characteristics, and these RIS are mainly used for O2I (outdoor to indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (simultaneous transmission and reflection RIS) that provides transmission while reflecting has also been actively studied.

[0188] metaverse

[0189] Metaverse is a portmanteau of the words "meta" meaning virtual, transcendent, and "universe" meaning space. Generally speaking, the metaverse is a three-dimensional virtual space where the same social and economic activities as in the real world are common.

[0190] Extended Reality (XR), a key technology to enable the Metaverse, is the fusion of virtual and real, which can extend the reality experience and provide a unique sense of immersion. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0191] Autonomous driving, self-driving

[0192] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to notify each other of dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location information and signal change time. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate with various elements on the road and share information, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), for autonomous driving.

[0193] In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technologies are necessary. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operations and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations, and the amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be large, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0194] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

[0195] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be an important factor in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, UAV technology is used to provide high-speed data wireless connections. The base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAV has specific features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line of sight links, and freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunication infrastructure is economically unfeasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle this situation. UAVs will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology contributes to three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve many purposes, such as improved network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered to be one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0196] Blockchain

[0197] Blockchain will be an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores the same copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized agency or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides multiple functions, such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0198] Figure 6 An example of a process for activating a SCell is illustrated.

[0199] exist Figure 6 In the example of , UE, PCell and SCell are shown. PCell and SCell are shown as separate objects, but may be included in a single base station or device. Alternatively, PCell and SCell may exist in different locations.

[0200] The PCell may send an RRC connection reset message to the UE.

[0201] Optionally, the UE may perform a reconfiguration procedure. Optionally, the PCell and SCell may perform a network (NW) reconfiguration procedure.

[0202] The UE may send an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message to the PCell.

[0203] The PCell may send an SCell activation message to the UE.

[0204] The UE may perform a cell detection process for the SCell, and the UE may perform measurements on the SCell, and a connection between the UE and the SCell may be established.

[0205] The UE may receive downlink signals from the PCell and the SCell.

[0206] If the PCell wants to deactivate the SCell, the PCell may send a SCell deactivation message.

[0207] Then, the UE may not receive any downlink signal from the SCell. The UE may receive a downlink signal from the PCell.

[0208] <Present Disclosure>

[0209] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0210] According to the prior art, the latency associated with SCell activation in millimeter wave (mmW) frequency bands (eg, FR2 in the example in Table 1) is long. This makes it difficult to improve system performance through fast SCell activation.

[0211] The present disclosure describes various examples of how a network can efficiently establish SCell activation in an NR millimeter wave (mmW) band (e.g., FR2 in the example in Table 1). For example, when the network configures SCell activation, examples of network operations and examples of terminal operations are described to minimize the delay before a terminal (e.g., UE) can send and receive data in an activated SCell.

[0212] The following examples of L3 measurements and / or L1 measurements performed by a terminal to activate an unknown SCell in a millimeter wave band are described. For example, the L3 measurements and / or L1 measurements are based on a reduced number of beams used by the terminal. For example, measurements associated with L3 measurements are described to exclude behavior associated with L1 measurements. For example, conditions for timing / QCL information utilizing intra-band or inter-band carriers are described.

[0213] For reference, layer 1 (L1) measurements are measurements performed at the physical layer (layer 1) of a mobile communication system. L1 measurements are intended to perform fast measurement reporting between a base station and a user by performing L1 filtering on the signal strength of a base station's transmit beam. L1 measurements can be used as measurements for beam management. Layer 3 (L3) measurements can be measurements that evaluate cell quality based on L3 filtering set by RRC signaling at layer 3 based on samples measured at layer 1. L3 measurements can include measurements of signal strength (RSRP), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal quality (RSRQ), and the like.

[0214] When activating the SCell in the FR2 band, the activation operation for the SCell may vary depending on whether the state of the SCell in the terminal is known or unknown. Typically, if there is a valid measurement report for the activated cell (e.g., FR2 cell) within 3 seconds (e.g., for power class 2, 3, and 4 UEs) to 4 seconds (e.g., for power class 1 and 5 UEs), the SCell may be determined to be a known cell. For example, if there is no measurement report during this time, the SCell may be determined to be an unknown cell.

[0215] The terminal may receive an SCell activation command for an unknown cell. In this case, the terminal must start cell detection. Therefore, this situation requires a longer delay time before the terminal can send data to and receive data from the SCell. For example, the terminal may require a long delay time to start a cell detection operation for an unknown cell, receive data from the SCell, and send data to the SCell. The present disclosure describes various examples of terminal behavior, network configuration, and terminal configuration for reducing the delay required for SCell activation in the FR2 band. Although various examples of the present disclosure are described based on the FR2 band, this is only an example, and the various examples of the present disclosure may also be applicable to the FR1 band.

[0216] The first example of the present disclosure is described.

[0217] The first example of the present disclosure is an example of a method for reducing beam management time.

[0218] In the following, reference will be made to Figure 7 The first example of the present disclosure is described in detail.

[0219] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0220] Figure 7 An example of the operation according to the first example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0221] Figure 7 The example in shows an example of a process for reducing beam management delay when activating an unknown SCell.

[0222] 1. The network (eg, PCell) may send an activation command for an unknown SCell to the terminal.

[0223] 2. The device can send HARQ.

[0224] 3. In this case, the terminal can perform a cell detection process for the corresponding SCell based on a rough Rx beam. At this time, the terminal can measure the RSRP of the Tx beam of the SCell. Then, the terminal can perform time / frequency tracking. For example, time / frequency tracking can be a process of estimating and compensating for the symbol timing error / jitter of the signal and the phase error / jitter of the subcarriers of the signal based on a reference signal (RS) sent from a base station. Here, jitter can refer to drift. For example, time jitter / frequency jitter can be time drift / frequency drift. Jitter can, for example, mean a gradual change in timing or frequency from a baseline value over time.

[0225] For reference, in the present disclosure, a coarse Rx beam in cell detection may refer to a situation where the number of beams used by the UE to receive a signal based on beam scanning is lower than a threshold. In other words, a coarse Rx beam may refer to an Rx beam used for cell detection. For example, if the number of Rx beams is X1, 1≤X1≤8 is a coarse Rx beam. The UE may report X1 to the network. In addition, there may be a difference in antenna gain between a coarse Rx beam and a narrow Rx beam. For example, the antenna gain of a narrow Rx beam may be up to 7dB greater than that of a coarse Rx beam. In addition, a narrow Rx beam may be a beam used for beam management. For example, in the FR2-1 band, when the Rx beam scaling factor (e.g., the number of Rx beams) is 8, it may be assumed that a narrow beam is used. When the UE performs cell detection, a coarse Rx beam may be considered when the beam scanning factor (e.g., X1) is less than 8. The UE may notify the base station of X1.

[0226] 4. The terminal may report the RSRP of the best Tx beam for the SCell to the PCell and / or SCell. For example, the terminal may determine the best Tx beam as in the following example. The terminal may determine which of the Tx beams of the SCell has the best signal strength (e.g., RSRP) measured by the Rx beam of the terminal (i.e., the best Tx beam). The best Tx beam may be the best Tx beam determined by the terminal. After the terminal performs cell detection, the terminal may perform an operation of reporting the RSRP for the best Tx beam. For example, the terminal may request a scheduling authorization from the PCell or SCell to terminate cell detection and report the RSRP of the best Tx beam for the SCell.

[0227] 5. The terminal may transmit information about the number of Rx beams (eg, X2) of the terminal corresponding to the best Tx beam of the SCell to the PCell and / or the SCell.

[0228] It is worth noting that in various examples of the present disclosure, the PCell can control the SCell, that is, the PCell can control the SCell to use information related to the number of Rx beams (e.g., X2) of the terminal corresponding to the best Tx beam of the SCell.

[0229] 6. After the terminal performs SCell detection, a beam management (BM) operation for sending and receiving signals between the SCell and the terminal may be performed. For example, for BM, the SCell may continuously send a reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS) for BM via the reported best Tx beam. The SCell may determine the number of times to send a reference signal for BM based on the number of narrow Rx beams corresponding to the best Tx beam included in the coarse Rx beam of the terminal.

[0230] 7. When the SCell continuously sends reference signals, the terminal can scan narrow Rx beams to find the final Rx beam of the terminal. To this end, the terminal can report to the PCell or SCell the number of narrow Rx beams corresponding to the best Tx beam of the SCell included in the coarse Rx beam of the terminal during the cell detection process. The SCell can determine the number of times to send reference signals for BM based on the number of narrow Rx beams corresponding to the best Tx beam included in the coarse Rx beam of the terminal.

[0231] When the terminal reports the RSRP for the best Tx beam for the SCell, the terminal may also report the number of narrow Rx beams contained in the best Tx beam. The SCell may then configure SRS resources to the terminal. The terminal may send SRS to the SCell on the narrow Tx beam of the terminal corresponding to the narrow Rx beam of the terminal. The SCell may then perform beam management by notifying the terminal of the best Tx beam of the terminal.

[0232] This enables beam management of the SCell and the terminal to be completed without searching all Tx beams of the SCell and all Rx beams of the terminal according to the prior art in beam management. On the other hand, according to the prior art, in the beam management process, it is necessary to scan all Rx beams of the terminal for each Tx beam among all Tx beams of the SCell. According to the prior art, after performing the scan, a search is performed for the Tx beam and the corresponding Rx beam with the best L1 measured signal strength.

[0233] 8. The PCell may send a transmission configuration indication (TCI) activation related to the SCell to the UE. The TCI activation message may include quasi-co-location (QCL) type information of the beam of the target channel or signal (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, CSI-RS, etc.) to be received by the UE through beam management.

[0234] 9. The SCell may send CSI-RS for CSI to the UE.

[0235] 10. After measuring the CSI-RS of the SCell, the terminal can determine whether the measured value meets a specific criterion. If the measured value meets the specified criterion, the terminal can send a valid CSI report to the PCell.

[0236] A second example of the present disclosure is described herein.

[0237] An example of relaxing SCell-related measurements and event-triggered measurements is described.

[0238] According to the example in Table 6 below, the terminal may periodically perform measurement on the deactivated FR2SCell based on a period (eg, measCycleSCell).

[0239] [Table 6]

[0240]

[0241]

[0242] The example in Table 6 may relate to measurement objects based on 3GPP TS 38.331 V16.8.0.

[0243] The terminal may receive information related to a measurement object (eg, MeasObjectNR) from a network (eg, PCell and / or SCell). MeasObjectNR may include measCycleSCell.

[0244] Alternatively, if the PCell is in a discontinuous reception (DRX) state, the terminal may periodically perform measurement on the deactivated FR2 SCell according to max(measCycleSCell, DRX cycle). Here, the DRX cycle may refer to the DRX cycle of the PCell.

[0245] If the terminal measures the SCell deactivated in FR2 with a short period (e.g., DRX period <320ms), the power consumption of the terminal may increase. Therefore, in order to save power, the PCell can set a measurement period for the deactivated SCell based on the time when the unknown SCell condition is not met (e.g., a time less than the reference time when the SCell changes to the unknown SCell) (e.g., 3 seconds). For example, the PCell can set a measurement period so that the device can measure the SCell at longer intervals based on the time when the unknown SCell condition does not occur. This can help save power and reduce delays for SCell activation.

[0246] Alternatively, the network may configure aperiodic or event-triggered measurements to allow devices to perform measurements on deactivated SCells as needed.

[0247] For example, the PCell may set a timer for the deactivated SCell within the measurement object (eg, in the MeasObject information as shown in the example in Table 6). Thus, the PCell ensures that the terminal can only perform measurements of the deactivated SCell within a certain amount of time.

[0248] For example, in the case of event-triggered configuration, the network (e.g., PCell and / or SCell) may be configured to perform deactivated SCell measurements when specific conditions on the network or the terminal are met. For example, the network may configure event-triggered measurements so that when the traffic volume on the terminal becomes greater than a specific threshold, the terminal performs SCell measurements, or when a new service application is configured, the terminal performs SCell measurements. Alternatively, when the mobility of the terminal is low for high data rate services in the FR2 band, the network may configure event-triggered measurements.

[0249] In various examples based on the second example of the present disclosure, configuring the SCell activation command can reduce the overall SCell activation delay by eliminating the cell detection process for the additional deactivated SCell.

[0250] The following will refer to Figure 8 The second example of the present disclosure is further described in detail.

[0251] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0252] Figure 8 An example of the operation according to the second example of the disclosure of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0253] Figure 8 The example in illustrates an example of a process of performing activation for an unknown SCell based on event-triggered measurement (eg, event-triggered measurement).

[0254] 1. The PCell may check the conditions for the measurement on the SCell. For example, the PCell may determine whether the traffic volume on the terminal is greater than a threshold.

[0255] 2. If the traffic volume on the terminal is greater than the threshold, the PCell may send a measurement object (MO) (eg, MeasObject in Table 6) to the terminal. Here, the MO may include timer information for performing measurement on the SCell (eg, a timer for a deactivated SCell).

[0256] 3. The terminal may perform measurement on the SCell and report the measurement to the PCell and / or SCell. For example, if the terminal receives a timer, the terminal may perform measurement on the deactivated SCell only within a time based on the timer for the deactivated SCell.

[0257] 4. The PCell can send an SCell activation command message to the UE.

[0258] 5. The UE can send HARQ to the PCell.

[0259] 6. The UE may perform time / frequency tracking for the SCell. For example, time / frequency tracking may be a process of estimating and compensating for the symbol timing error / flicker (or jitter) of the signal and the phase error / flicker (or jitter) of the subcarriers of the signal based on a reference signal (RS) sent from a base station. Here, flicker (or jitter) may refer to drift. For example, time jitter / frequency flicker (or jitter) may be time drift / frequency flicker (or jitter). Drift may, for example, mean a gradual change in timing or frequency from a baseline value over time.

[0260] Figure 8 Steps 7) to 9) can be performed with Figure 7 Step 8) to step 10) are performed in the same manner.

[0261] This document describes the third example of the present disclosure.

[0262] The third example of the present disclosure describes an example of fast cell detection based on Es / Iot.

[0263] The SCell activation command is configured for a deactivated SCell, and the SCell can be in an unknown SCell state. In this case, the terminal can perform a cell detection process. In this case, if Es / Iot (received energy per RE / received power spectral density of total noise and interference of a specific RE) is higher than a specific value (e.g., x dB), one-shot based cell detection can be performed for cell detection. By performing one-shot based cell detection, the overall cell detection time can be reduced.

[0264] For example, when Es / Iot is less than a threshold (e.g., Es / Iot < x dB), n samples may be required as the number of measurement samples of the reference signal (e.g., SSB) required for the terminal to successfully detect the cell of the SCell. For example, if the period of the synchronization signal block (SSB) is 20 milliseconds, the time delay for cell detection is 20 * n [milliseconds], but if Es / Iot is greater than x dB and one-shot based cell detection is considered, the time delay for cell detection can be 20 [milliseconds]. In other words, if Es / Iot is greater than x dB, the terminal can perform one-shot based cell detection (i.e., the terminal performs cell detection only within a period of up to 20 ms without waiting to receive n samples). For example, if Es / Iot meets a specific condition (e.g., greater than x), the terminal and / or the PCell can determine to perform one-shot based cell detection. When one-shot based cell detection is performed, the overall SCell activation time delay can be reduced.

[0265] The fourth example of the present disclosure is described.

[0266] The fourth example of the present disclosure describes an example of simultaneously performing cell detection and beam management.

[0267] The terminal can perform a cell detection process for a deactivated SCell in an unknown state. When the terminal performs the cell detection process, the terminal can receive the SSB through the narrow Rx beam of the terminal and simultaneously measure the RSRP for each SSB index.

[0268] To perform this behavior, the terminal may need to support the ability to simultaneously perform cell detection and RSRP measurement. And if the terminal supports this ability, the terminal can report the ability information to the network.

[0269] For example, the terminal can measure the RSRP for each SSB index by scanning the narrow Rx beam during the cell detection process. The terminal can then report the best Tx beam of the SCell to the PCell and / or SCell based on the RSRP measured for each SSB index. Based on the best Tx beam reported by the terminal, the network can set a TCI indication to the terminal without performing any additional beam management.

[0270] In the following, reference will be made to Fig. 9 The third example of the present disclosure is described in detail.

[0271] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0272] Fig. 9 An example of the operation of the fourth example according to the disclosure of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0273] Fig. 9 The example in illustrates an example of a process for enabling an unknown SCell based on simultaneous cell detection and measurement.

[0274] 1. The terminal may send capability information related to the terminal being able to perform cell detection and measurement simultaneously to the PCell.

[0275] 2. The PCell can send an SCell activation command message to the UE.

[0276] 3. The UE can send HARQ to the PCell.

[0277] 4. The terminal can perform cell detection and RSRP measurement for SCell based on narrow Rx beam, and the terminal can perform time / frequency tracking.

[0278] 5. The terminal may report the RSRP of the best Tx beam for the SCell to the PCell and / or SCell. After the terminal performs cell detection, the terminal may perform an operation of reporting the RSRP for the best Tx beam. For example, the terminal may request a scheduling grant from the PCell or SCell to terminate the cell detection and report the RSRP of the best Tx beam for the SCell.

[0279] 6~8. Steps 6 to 8 can be done with Figure 7 Execute in the same way as step 8 to step 10.

[0280] A fifth example of the present disclosure is described.

[0281] The fifth example of the present disclosure illustrates one example of a scheme based on intra-band carrier information and / or inter-band carrier information.

[0282] The terminal may have other serving cells based on intra-band carriers or inter-band carriers. In this case, based on the conditions related to the serving cell according to the following examples, the network (e.g., PCell and / or SCell) may use information from the serving cell for SCell activation for another SCell to be activated.

[0283] i) The terminal may be in a situation where another serving cell (e.g., SCell 1) for an intra-band carrier or an inter-band carrier is not activated. The terminal may perform L3 measurements and reports for SCell 1. Here, the report may refer to reporting L3 measurements for SCell 1. The network (e.g., PCell) may provide the terminal with information on whether the timing information for SCell 1 is also applicable to the SCell to be enabled (e.g., SCell 2). For example, the network may provide the terminal with a list of other serving cells (e.g., SCell 1) whose timing information is applicable to an unknown SCell 2 (i.e., the timing information from other serving cells is applicable to the unknown SCell). Alternatively, the network may notify the terminal of a specific other serving cell for which the timing information is applicable to the unknown SCell 2. If the terminal receives such information, the terminal may skip the timing acquisition operation for the unknown SCell 2 after receiving the activation command for the unknown SCell 2 based on the information. In addition, the terminal may use fewer terminal receive beams to perform L3 measurements compared to the situation where the timing information is not applicable.

[0284] If the terminal receives information that the network can use the timing information of SCell 1 for the unknown SCell 2, the terminal can assume that the difference between the reception timing of SCell 1 and SCell 2 is less than X (e.g., X=CP length or 3 microseconds, . . . ) time.

[0285] ii) Another serving cell (e.g., SCell 1) of an intra-band carrier or an inter-band carrier is activated, and the terminal can perform transmission and reception of data / control signals with respect to SCell1. In this case, the network can inform the terminal whether the quasi-co-location (QCL) information used in SCell1 can be applied to the SCell to be activated (e.g., SCell 2). For example, when the network sends an activation command for an unknown SCell 2 to the terminal, the network can set the TCI state information of SCell 1 therefor, or the network can send the terminal information that the TCI state of SCell 1 can be applied to SCell 2. For example, the TCI state can be information associating a reference signal with a quasi-co-location (QCL) type. The TCI state information may include QCL type information. For example, the TCI state information may include QCL type A information, QCL type B information, QCL type C information, or QCL type D information. Here, configuring the TCI state information of SCell1 for an unknown SCell2 may mean that the unknown SCell 2 and SCell 1 have the same QCL type. Based on this information, the terminal can skip L1-RSRP measurement for activating SCell 2.

[0286] If the terminal receives a setting from the network that it can apply the QCL information of another serving cell (intra-band or inter-band), it can be assumed that the serving cell and the unknown SCell are co-located.

[0287] iii) The network may send the information in the above i) and ii) to the terminal in each case or in both cases.

[0288] Note that the various examples described in the first to fifth examples of the present disclosure may be performed independently or in combination of one or more.

[0289] In various examples of the present disclosure, a coarse receive beam may also be referred to as a receive beam based on the number of beams X1 for cell detection (or cell detection). Here, X1 may be a value between 0 and less than 8. When a terminal receives a signal by using a receive beam based on the number of beams X1 (i.e., a coarse receive beam), the terminal may send information related to the number of beams X1 to the base station. In various examples of the present disclosure, a narrow receive beam may also be referred to as a receive beam based on the number of beams X2 for beam management. Here, X2 may be a value of at least 0 and not greater than 8. When a terminal receives a signal using a receive beam based on the number of beams X2 (i.e., a narrow receive beam), the terminal may send information related to the number of beams X2 to the base station.

[0290] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0291] Fig.10 An example of operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0292] also, Fig.10 The operations of the UE, PCell, and SCell shown in the example are only illustrative. The operations of the UE, PCell, and SCell are not limited to Fig.10 examples, and the UE, PCell and SCell can perform any operations previously described in the various examples of this document.

[0293] For example, the UE may perform any or all of the UE operations previously described in the first to fifth examples of the present disclosure. For example, the PCell and SCell may perform some or all of the network operations, PCell operations, and SCell operations described in the first to fifth examples of the present disclosure.

[0294] In step S1001, the PCell may send an activation command message to the UE. The activation command message may be a message indicating activation of the SCell.

[0295] In step S1002, the UE may perform a cell detection process for the SCell. For example, the UE may measure a signal transmitted from the SCell. For example, the UE may measure the RSRP of a signal transmitted from a transmit beam of the SCell.

[0296] In step S1003, the UE may send information related to the beam of the SCell to the PCell. The information related to the beam may be, for example, information related to the best Tx beam of the SCell. For example, the UE may measure the RSRP of signals received from one or more transmit beams of the SCell and determine the transmit beam with the highest RSRP as the best Tx beam. The UE may send information related to the best Tx beam to the PCell.

[0297] For example, the information related to the beam may also include information related to the number of narrow receive beams corresponding to the best Tx beam of the SCell included in the coarse receive beam of the UE. Alternatively, the UE may separately send information related to the best Tx beam and information related to the number of narrow receive beams corresponding to the best Tx beam of the SCell included in the coarse receive beam of the UE to the PCell. For example, the coarse receive beam may be used for cell detection. For example, the narrow receive beam may be used for beam management.

[0298] The present disclosure can have various effects.

[0299] For example, by reducing the time spent on unknown SCell activation in the mmWave band, system performance can be improved. For example, if a single-shot cell detection is considered, the time delay for cell detection can be 20 [milliseconds], which reduces the overall SCell activation time delay.

[0300] The effects that can be obtained from the specific examples of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art can understand or infer from the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those effects explicitly set forth herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or inferred from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0301] For reference, the operation of the terminal (eg, UE) described in this specification may be performed by Figures 1 to 4 For example, a terminal (eg, UE) may be Figure 2 The first device 100 or the second device 200 of the present disclosure may be a first device 100 or a second device 200. For example, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) of the present disclosure may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operation of the terminal of the present disclosure may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) that can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The one or more processors 102 or 202 control the one or more memories 104 or 204 and the one or more transceivers 106 or 206, and may perform the operation of the terminal of the present disclosure by executing the instructions / programs stored in the one or more memories 104 or 204.

[0302] In addition, the instructions for performing the operation of the terminal described in the present disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having the instructions recorded thereon. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. Furthermore, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in the present disclosure of this specification.

[0303] For reference, the operation of the network node or base station (eg, NG-RAN, gNB, PCell, SCell, etc.) of the present disclosure may be described below. Figures 1 to 3 For example, a network node or base station may be Figure 2 The first device 100 or Figure 2The second device 200 of the present disclosure. For example, the operation of the network node or base station of the present disclosure may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operation of the terminal of the present disclosure may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) that can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The one or more processors 102 or 202 may perform the operation of the network node or base station of the present disclosure by controlling one or more memories 104 or 204 and one or more transceivers 106 or 206 and executing the instructions / programs stored in the one or more memories 104 or 204.

[0304] In addition, instructions for executing the operations of the network node or base station described in the present disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. And, the instructions recorded in the storage medium are executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operations of the network node or base station.

[0305] In the above, the preferred embodiments have been exemplarily described, but the present disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiments, and thus, modifications, changes, or improvements may be made.

[0306] In the above exemplary system, the method is described as a series of steps or blocks based on the flowchart, but is not limited to the order of the steps described, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps as described above. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowchart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included, or one or more steps of the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the rights.

[0307] The claims of this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a user equipment UE and comprising the following steps: Receiving a radio resource control RRC connection reconfiguration message from a primary cell PCell; Sending an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message to the PCell; receiving an activation command message for a secondary cell (SCell) from the PCell; Performing cell detection for the SCell; Sending information related to the best transmit beam of the SCell to the PCell; as well as Information related to the number of beams of a second receiving beam for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmitting beam is transmitted to the PCell, wherein the second receiving beam for beam management corresponds to the first receiving beam of the UE for the cell detection.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: Measurement is performed on a reference signal sent from the SCell.

3. The method according to claim 2, in, The reference signal is set based on the beam number of the first reception beam.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: receiving information related to sounding reference signal (SRS) resources from the SCell; as well as Based on the SRS resource, an SRS is transmitted via a first transmission beam corresponding to the first reception beam.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising the steps of: Information related to the optimal transmit beam of the UE is received from the SCell.

6. The method according to claim 1, in, The step of performing the cell detection comprises: Based on the first receiving beam, the cell detection and the reference signal received power RSRP measurement for the synchronization signal block SSB received from the SCell are performed simultaneously.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: Capability information related to simultaneously performing the cell detection and the RSRP measurement is transmitted.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: performing operations related to beam management based on the second receive beam; as well as sending information related to the number of beams of the first receive beam to the PCell, The cell detection is performed based on the first receiving beam.

9. A user equipment UE for performing communication, the UE comprising: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; as well as One or more computer memories operatively connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions that upon execution by the one or more processors perform operations comprising: Receiving a radio resource control RRC connection reconfiguration message from a primary cell PCell; Sending an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message to the PCell; receiving an activation command message for a secondary cell (SCell) from the PCell; Performing cell detection for the SCell; sending information related to the best transmit beam of the SCell to the PCell; and Information related to the number of beams of a second receiving beam for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmitting beam is transmitted to the PCell, wherein the second receiving beam for beam management corresponds to the first receiving beam of the UE for the cell detection.

10. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a primary cell (PCell) and comprising the following steps: Sending a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message to a user equipment (UE); receiving an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message from the UE; Sending an activation command message for a secondary cell SCell to the UE; receiving, from the UE, information related to an optimal transmit beam of the SCell; as well as Information related to a beam number of a second reception beam for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmission beam is received from the UE, the second reception beam for beam management corresponding to the first reception beam of the UE for the cell detection.

11. The method according to claim 10, in, The information related to the optimal transmit beam of the SCell and the information related to the number of beams of the second receive beam are used by the SCell to configure a reference signal to be sent to the UE based on the number of beams of the second receive beam.

12. The method according to claim 10, further comprising the steps of: Capability information related to simultaneously performing the cell detection and the RSRP measurement for the SSB received from the SCell is received from the UE.

13. A primary cell PCell for performing communication, the PCell comprising: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; as well as One or more computer memories operatively connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions that upon execution by the one or more processors perform operations comprising: Sending a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message to a user equipment (UE); receiving an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message from the UE; Sending an activation command message for a secondary cell SCell to the UE; receiving, from the UE, information related to an optimal transmit beam of the SCell; and Information related to a beam number of a second reception beam for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmission beam is received from the UE, the second reception beam for beam management corresponding to the first reception beam of the UE for the cell detection.

14. A device in telecommunications, the device comprising: at least one processor; as well as At least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that upon execution by the at least one processor perform operations comprising: Receiving a radio resource control RRC connection reconfiguration message from a primary cell PCell; Sending an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message to the PCell; receiving an activation command message for a secondary cell (SCell) from the PCell; Performing cell detection for the SCell; sending information related to the best transmit beam of the SCell to the PCell; and Information related to the number of beams of a second receiving beam for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmitting beam is transmitted to the PCell, wherein the second receiving beam for beam management corresponds to the first receiving beam of the UE for the cell detection.

15. A non-transitory computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions, the instructions being executed by at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: Receiving a radio resource control RRC connection reconfiguration message from a primary cell PCell; Sending an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message to the PCell; receiving an activation command message for a secondary cell (SCell) from the PCell; Performing cell detection for the SCell; Sending information related to the best transmit beam of the SCell to the PCell; as well as Information related to the number of beams of a second receiving beam for beam management corresponding to the optimal transmitting beam is transmitted to the PCell, wherein the second receiving beam for beam management corresponds to the first receiving beam of the UE for the cell detection.

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