A method for breeding of fruiting branches of zanthoxylum bungeanum

Abstract

The present application relates to economic crops planting technical field, disclose a kind of selection and breeding method of green pricklyash tree fruiting branch, the method is to select the new shoot of green pricklyash tree in fruit swelling stage as the fruiting branch of next year, and cooperate pruning, fertilization and the multiple action of plant growth regulator composition, stimulate the formation of latent bud, latent bud germination in fruit swelling stage, increase the number of new shoots, promote the growth of new shoots, so as to ensure that the number of new shoots is greater than the required number of fruiting branch, and the length of new shoot aging branch reaches more than 100 centimeters of the demand of high yield.The selection and breeding method provided by the present application selects the new shoot of green pricklyash tree in fruit swelling stage as the fruiting branch of next year, the growth time of new shoot is more than 150 days and the water and heat is sufficient in growth period, compared with the growth time of new shoot in water and heat sufficient area, the growth time is longer, and it is easier to age into flower;And the method is not limited by water and heat conditions, suitable for application and popularization in many areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of economic crop cultivation technology, specifically to a method for selecting and breeding fruiting branches of the Sichuan pepper tree. Background Technology

[0002] The Sichuan pepper tree (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) is a deciduous shrub or small tree, whose fruits, branches, leaves, and seeds are all fragrant. The pericarp, thorns, seeds, and leaves of the Sichuan pepper tree contain various valuable substances, which, after processing, have wide applications in food, medicine, and industrial raw materials. Its pericarp is rich in volatile oils, from which aromatic oils can be extracted and it can also be processed into soap; its strong numbing aroma can remove the fishy and gamey odors of various meats, promote saliva secretion, and increase appetite, making it an excellent seasoning; the seeds can be pressed for oil, and the tender branches and fresh leaves can be stir-fried or boiled, resulting in a unique flavor.

[0003] The main planting areas for Sichuan pepper are the barren hillsides and wastelands of Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, and Guizhou provinces. This practice not only helps stabilize soil and water but also offers significant economic benefits. To improve planting returns and reduce labor costs, the technique of pruning back fruiting branches is being promoted in these areas. Fruiting branches are the branches from which fruiting shoots grow. This technique involves shortening the fruiting branches after harvesting the pepper fruits in autumn to encourage new shoot growth, which will then become the fruiting branches for the following year. Since the sprouting, growth, and lignification of these shoots require sufficient accumulated temperature and nutrients, in water-rich and warm regions like Sichuan and Chongqing, the new shoots sprouting from the pruned branches can grow and mature extensively before winter, resulting in a bumper harvest the following year. However, in high-altitude areas like Yunnan and Guizhou, where water and heat are insufficient, the new shoots sprouting after pruning often fail to mature and flower before winter, severely impacting yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for selecting and breeding fruiting branches of Sichuan pepper trees in order to achieve high yield of Sichuan pepper and improve planting efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.

[0006] A method for selecting fruiting branches of Sichuan pepper trees, characterized by: selecting new shoots that emerge during the fruit enlargement period of the Sichuan pepper tree as fruiting branches for the following year; the specific operation method includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Prune the Sichuan pepper tree before the fruit enlarges, ensuring proper ventilation and light penetration within the canopy.

[0008] Step 2: After pruning, apply a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and a plant growth regulator composition to the Sichuan pepper trees. The application rate of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 4-8% of the yield of each Sichuan pepper tree. The plant growth regulator composition includes benzylamine gibberellic acid, triacontanol, and humic acid liquid fertilizer. The application method of the plant growth regulator composition is to spray after dilution, with a dilution ratio of 250-1000 times and an application rate of 60 kg of diluted solution per acre.

[0009] Furthermore, the volume ratio of benzylamine gibberellic acid: triacontanol: humic acid liquid fertilizer in the plant growth regulating composition is 1:2:5.

[0010] Furthermore, the active ingredients in the benzylaminopurine·gibberellin acid include 1.8 wt% benzylaminopurine and 1.8 wt% gibberellin, the active ingredient content in the triacontanol is 0.1% by mass, and the humic acid liquid fertilizer contains ≥40 g / L of humic acid.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned plant growth regulator composition is applied at a dilution ratio of 500 times.

[0012] This invention utilizes new shoots that emerge during the fruit enlargement period to become fruiting branches for the following year. Combined with lateral branch rotation pruning, this ensures that the new shoots mature and flower within the same year. However, the new shoots that emerge during the fruit enlargement period are mainly located on the outer edge of the tree canopy, and their quantity and length often cannot meet the needs of a high yield the following year. Therefore, increasing the number of new shoots during the fruit enlargement period, promoting their growth, and lengthening the lignified branches of the new shoots are key to ensuring a high yield for these shoots as fruiting branches. This invention, through the multiple effects of pruning, fertilization, and a plant growth regulator combination, stimulates the formation of dormant buds and the germination of latent buds during the fruit enlargement period, increasing the number of new shoots and promoting their growth. This ensures that the number of new shoots exceeds the required number of fruiting branches, and that the length of the mature branches meets the requirements for a high yield for the Sichuan pepper tree. Furthermore, the new shoots treated by this method sprout in May, have a growth period exceeding 150 days, and benefit from sufficient water and heat during their growth period. This results in a longer growth period than new shoots that sprout after the normal pruning of large branches in areas with sufficient water and heat, making them more likely to mature and flower.

[0013] Based on experience, a fruiting branch length of over 100 cm is generally sufficient for a high yield in Sichuan pepper trees. At this point, the average ratio between yield per tree and number of branches is approximately 1:6, meaning that 6 branches over 100 cm in length are needed to produce 1 kg of fruit. This invention improves ventilation and light penetration within the canopy through pruning, promoting the formation of dormant buds and their germination on the inner branches, thus increasing the number of branches. Applying a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and a plant growth regulator after pruning further promotes the germination of dormant buds and the growth of new shoots. The combined application of pruning, fertilization, and the plant growth regulator ensures that the number of new shoots exceeds the required number of fruiting branches, and that the mature branches reach the required length of over 100 cm for a high yield.

[0014] In the plant growth regulating composition used in this invention, the active ingredients benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and triacontanol (TA) in benzylaminopurine gibberellin can both promote the formation of dormant buds and the germination of latent buds, while humic acid has a promoting effect on the growth of new shoots, and the active ingredient gibberellin (GA) in benzylaminopurine gibberellin... 4+7 It promotes the formation of dormant buds, the germination of latent buds, and the growth of new shoots. The three agents in the plant growth regulator composition are used in combination, and their mechanisms of action are complementary and synergistic.

[0015] Furthermore, since the fruit enlargement of Sichuan pepper involves two stages, and Sichuan pepper trees are more likely to sprout new shoots during the second fruit enlargement period, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pruning of the Sichuan pepper tree in step 1 above is carried out before the second fruit enlargement.

[0016] Preferably, the pruning method in step 1 above is open-window pruning.

[0017] Furthermore, timely fertilization after pruning can doubly stimulate the germination of dormant buds. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application time of the above-mentioned high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is within 3 days after pruning, and the application time of the above-mentioned plant growth regulating composition is within 3 days after the application of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer.

[0018] Furthermore, the new shoots that emerge during the fruit enlargement period are mainly on the outer periphery of the tree canopy. In order to maintain the tree shape, these new shoots should be attached to the lower 20 cm of the existing fruiting mother branches and the second and third level main branches in the inner canopy of the tree. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned plant growth regulating composition is applied to the lower 20 cm of the fruiting mother branches and the inner canopy.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application rate of the above-mentioned high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 6% of the yield of Sichuan pepper trees.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the effective component of the above-mentioned high-nitrogen compound fertilizer has a mass percentage content of ≥45.0%, and the effective component includes N, P2O5 and K2O, with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O = 25:5:15.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The breeding method provided by this invention has a much larger number of new shoots than the required number of fruiting branches, and the length of the selected fruiting branches can be more than 100 cm, which ensures the continuous high yield of Sichuan pepper trees.

[0023] (2) The breeding method provided by the present invention selects the new shoots that sprout during the fruit enlargement period of the Sichuan pepper tree as the fruiting branches for the following year. The new shoots have a growth time of more than 150 days and have sufficient water and heat during the growth period. They have a longer growth time than the new shoots that sprout after the normal large branches are pruned in areas with sufficient water and heat, and are more likely to age and flower.

[0024] (3) The breeding method provided by the present invention is not limited by hydrothermal conditions and is suitable for application and promotion in many regions. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as a limitation or restriction of the technical solution of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the pesticide technical materials, adjuvants, and other reagents used in the following experiments can all be obtained through conventional commercial channels.

[0026] The basic information of the pharmaceuticals used in the following examples is shown in Table 1 below.

[0027] Table 1. Basic Information of Test Reagents

[0028]

[0029] The following examples were conducted simultaneously at a Sichuan pepper experimental site in Qishu Village, Yiliang County, Yunnan Province. The planting density at this site was 48 trees per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), with a plant spacing of 3.5m × 4m. For each example, five trees with a yield of 12.5 ± 0.1 kg per tree were randomly selected from this experimental site for testing. The testing period was when the essential oil cavity of the Sichuan pepper was clearly visible but not yet protruding, before the second fruit enlargement stage, the transverse diameter of the fruit was approximately 3mm, and each tree had 4-5 late spring shoots.

[0030] Examples 1-9 were conducted according to the following steps:

[0031] The first step is to prune the Sichuan pepper fruits before their second swelling, ensuring proper ventilation and light penetration inside the fruit.

[0032] The second step is to apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (Songer) to the soil within three days after pruning;

[0033] The third step is to spray a plant growth regulator mixture within 20cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner canopy within three days after fertilization.

[0034] Examples 10-18 were conducted according to the following steps:

[0035] The second step is to apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (Songer) to the soil before the second expansion of the Sichuan pepper fruit;

[0036] The third step is to spray a plant growth regulator mixture within 20cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner canopy within three days after fertilization.

[0037] The soil fertilization amount and the amount of plant growth regulator composition used in Examples 1 to 18 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0038] Table 2. Dosage of Fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator Compositions in Examples 1-18

[0039] Serial Number Fertilizer application rate Plant growth regulator composition dosage Example 1 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 1000 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 2 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 500 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 3 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 250 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 4 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 1000 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 5 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 500 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 6 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 250 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 7 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 1000 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 8 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 500 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 9 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 250 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 10 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 1000 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 11 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 500 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 12 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 250 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 13 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 1000 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 14 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 500 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 15 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 250 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 16 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 1000 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 17 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 500 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu Example 18 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 250 times, application rate: 60 kg / mu

[0040] Examples 19 to 22 serve as control groups, with Example 19 undergoing no treatment and Examples 20 to 22 being treated as follows.

[0041] Example 20: Prune the Sichuan pepper fruit before its second expansion to ensure proper ventilation and light penetration inside the fruit.

[0042] Example 21: Apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (Songer) to the soil before the second expansion of Sichuan pepper fruits, with an application rate of 0.75 kg / plant.

[0043] Example 22: Before the second expansion of Sichuan pepper fruits, spray a plant growth regulator composition within 20cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner canopy. The composition and dosage of the plant growth regulator composition are as follows: volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution ratio 500 times, usage: 60kg / mu.

[0044] Before conducting the experiment according to the above steps, the number of fruiting branches with a length of more than 80cm in each embodiment was counted (number of fruiting branches). After the experiment started, the new shoots growing within 20cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and on the inner canopy were marked and their number was counted and recorded (number of new shoots). In the winter of that year (mid-December), the number of branches with a length of more than 100cm among the marked new shoots after they matured was counted and recorded (number of effective new shoots). The results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0045] Table 3. Test Results of Each Example

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Note: Number of effective new shoots per plant = Number of effective new shoots / 5;

[0049] Effective new shoot rate = (Number of effective new shoots / Number of new shoots) × 100%.

[0050] In the experiment, it was found that the young leaves of the treatment group sprayed with 250 times diluted plant growth regulator composition in each embodiment showed slight curling, indicating slight phytotoxicity; while the treatment group with a fertilizer application rate of 1 kg / plant showed more severe aphid infestation and higher control costs.

[0051] Based on experience, Sichuan pepper trees generally achieve high yields when the fruiting branches reach a length of 100 cm or more. At this point, the average ratio between yield per tree and number of branches is approximately 1:6, meaning that 6 branches longer than 100 cm are needed to produce 1 kg of fruit. In other words, a tree with a yield of 12.5 kg per tree needs to develop 80 new fruiting branches within 20 cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and on the second and third-level main branches within the tree's inner canopy to achieve consistent high yields year after year. Considering pruning, pests, and other factors, the number of new shoots should reach around 150.

[0052] When the yield per plant reaches 12.5 kg, the number of effective new shoots per plant should normally exceed 80, which is a prerequisite for stable yield in the following year; if the number of effective new shoots per plant is less than 70, it will affect the yield in the following year. Therefore, the higher the number of effective new shoots per plant, the higher the yield in the following year, and vice versa. Given a sufficient number of new shoots, the higher the effective new shoot rate, the lower the cost of manual thinning, and vice versa.

[0053] As shown in Table 3 above, the number of branches per plant in Examples 1-9 all exceeded 80, and the effective new shoot rate in Examples 1-18 was also relatively high. From a practical production perspective, maintaining a higher number and proportion of effective new shoots can achieve higher yields and lower labor costs for thinning. The effects of Examples 1-9 are all applicable, but Examples 5-9 showed the best results. Considering the cost and safety of pest and disease control, Example 5 is the optimal treatment plan.

[0054] Based on the above experimental data, it can be concluded that, with the aim of increasing the number and length of new shoots during the fruit enlargement period of Sichuan pepper, an effective treatment plan includes the following steps (taking a yield of 12.5 kg per plant as an example):

[0055] The first step is to prune the Sichuan pepper fruits before their second swelling, ensuring proper ventilation and light penetration inside the fruit.

[0056] The second step is to apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to the soil within three days after pruning, with an application rate of 0.5-1 kg / plant, preferably 0.75 kg / plant.

[0057] The third step is to spray a plant growth regulator composition within 20cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner canopy within three days after fertilization. The plant growth regulator composition includes benzylamine gibberellic acid, triacontanol and humic acid liquid fertilizer, with a volume ratio of benzylamine gibberellic acid: triacontanol: humic acid liquid fertilizer = 1:2:5. The application method is to spray after dilution, with a dilution ratio of 250-1000 times, preferably 500 times dilution, and an application rate of 60kg of diluted solution per acre.

[0058] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting and cultivating fruiting branches of the Sichuan pepper tree, characterized in that: Select new shoots that emerge from the Sichuan pepper tree during the fruit enlargement period as fruiting branches for the following year. The specific operation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Prune the Sichuan pepper tree before the fruit expands for the second time. The pruning standard should be based on the principle of good ventilation and light penetration inside the tree. Step 2: After pruning, apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and plant growth regulator to the Sichuan pepper trees. The application rate of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 4-6% of the yield of each Sichuan pepper tree. The plant growth regulator includes benzylamine gibberellic acid, triacontanol and humic acid liquid fertilizer. The application method of the plant growth regulator is to spray after dilution, with a dilution ratio of 500-1000 times, and an application rate of 60 kg of diluted solution per acre. The application site is within 20 cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner canopy.

2. The method for selecting and cultivating fruiting branches of the Sichuan pepper tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of benzylamine gibberellic acid: triacontanol: humic acid liquid fertilizer in the plant growth regulating composition is 1:2:

5.

3. A method for selecting and cultivating fruiting branches of the Sichuan pepper tree according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The active ingredients in the benzylaminopurine·gibberellin acid include 1.8 wt% benzylaminopurine and 1.8 wt% gibberellin, the active ingredient content in the triacontanol is 0.1% by mass, and the humic acid liquid fertilizer contains ≥40 g / L of humic acid.

4. The method for selecting and cultivating fruiting branches of the Sichuan pepper tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pruning method in step 1 is skylight pruning.

5. The method for selecting and cultivating fruiting branches of the Sichuan pepper tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied within 3 days after pruning, and the plant growth regulator composition is applied within 3 days after the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied.

6. The method for selecting and cultivating fruiting branches of the Sichuan pepper tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-nitrogen compound fertilizer has an effective ingredient content of ≥45.0% by mass, and the effective ingredients include N, P2O5 and K2O, with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=25:5:15.

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