Optimization method for ecological scheduling of water conservancy and hydropower engineering

Abstract

The invention discloses a water conservancy and hydropower project ecological scheduling optimization method, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological scheduling, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the fine ecological region division of a river channel, and dividing the river channel into a plurality of regions with definite ecological functions through combining a plurality of factors. By monitoring the ecological water demand of different ecological regions in the river channel in real time, the actual demand condition of each ecological region is accurately mastered, so that the ecological scheduling scheme is individually formulated according to the characteristics of different ecological regions, the scheduling accuracy is improved, the ecological model comprehensively considers multiple factors such as hydrology, water quality, ecology and meteorology, and the ecological scheduling efficiency is improved. According to the method, the change trend of the ecological water demand of different ecological areas can be predicted, a suitable living environment is provided for various aquatic organisms by accurately meeting the ecological water demand of different ecological areas, protection of rare and endangered species is facilitated, stable development of biocenosis is promoted, and the biodiversity level of a whole river ecosystem is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological dispatching, and in particular to an optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing attention paid to environmental protection and sustainable ecological development around the world, the impact of water conservancy and hydropower projects on river ecosystems has become a focus of widespread concern. Water conservancy and hydropower projects are a comprehensive engineering field involving water resources development, utilization, allocation, protection, management, and hydropower station construction, operation and maintenance. It aims to use water resources rationally and efficiently through engineering means to meet the needs of human production, life and ecological environment. The ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects is of great significance to protecting river ecosystems and maintaining ecological balance. It helps to achieve sustainable utilization of water resources and promote the coordinated development of economic society and ecological environment. At the same time, ecological dispatching is also one of the important measures to cope with global climate change and promote green development. Ecological dispatching emphasizes that in addition to the economic and social benefits of water conservancy projects, ecological benefits should be promoted to their due position. It requires that water conservancy projects should not only meet the production and life needs of human beings during the dispatching process, but also minimize the negative impact on river ecosystems and protect the health of river ecology.

[0003] However, the traditional water conservancy and hydropower project scheduling method still has certain defects when used. The traditional water conservancy and hydropower project scheduling often only focuses on single economic and social benefit goals such as power generation, flood control, and irrigation, and only conducts general hydrological monitoring of the entire river. It is unable to accurately understand the special needs of different ecological regions and ignores the needs of the ecological environment, leading to problems such as river ecosystem degradation and biodiversity reduction. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an optimization method for ecological scheduling of water conservancy and hydropower projects to solve the problems in the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an optimization method for ecological scheduling of water conservancy and hydropower projects. It can monitor the ecological water demand of different ecological zones in the river in real time, and combine the prediction results of the ecological model to achieve accurate scheduling of ecological flow, which is helpful to protect biodiversity and maintain the health and stability of the river ecosystem.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the method comprising:

[0006] Carry out detailed ecological regional division of the river, and divide the river into multiple areas with clear ecological functions by combining various factors;

[0007] Highly sensitive monitoring equipment is deployed in each ecological area to monitor ecological water demand and related environmental parameters in real time;

[0008] Construct an ecological model that comprehensively considers multiple factors, use historical data for training and verification, and achieve accurate prediction of the changing trend of ecological water demand;

[0009] Develop personalized ecological flow scheduling plans based on real-time monitoring data and ecological model prediction results, and achieve precise scheduling through intelligent facilities;

[0010] Establish a scientific scheduling effect evaluation indicator system, conduct regular multi-dimensional evaluations of ecological scheduling effects, and dynamically adjust and optimize scheduling plans based on the evaluation results.

[0011] Furthermore, the river is divided into multiple ecological regions with clear ecological functions by combining various factors. The method includes:

[0012] Collect geographic information data of the river, including the length, width, depth, slope, and riverbed morphology of the river, and collect hydrological data, including flow, flow velocity, and water level changes;

[0013] Collect water quality data, including pH, dissolved oxygen, and pollutant concentrations; collect ecological data, including the species, distribution, and abundance of aquatic organisms, and the types and distribution of coastal vegetation;

[0014] Utilize geographic information system technology to analyze the topography of the river and divide the river into different topographic areas, including rapids, slow currents, deep waters and shallow waters, based on the slope and riverbed morphology of the river.

[0015] Analyze the hydrological data of the river, including flow, velocity and water level changes, and divide the river into different hydrological zones based on these data, including high flow zone, low flow zone, normal water level zone and floodplain zone;

[0016] Analyze the water quality data of the river, including pH, dissolved oxygen and pollutant concentration, and divide the river into different water quality areas according to the differences in water quality, including clean water area, lightly polluted area, moderately polluted area and heavily polluted area;

[0017] Analyze the ecological data of the river, including the species, distribution, and number of aquatic organisms, as well as the types and distribution of coastal vegetation. According to the ecological characteristics, divide the river into different ecological functional areas, including fish spawning areas, aquatic plant growth areas, benthic organism habitats and bird habitats.

[0018] Furthermore, the river is divided into multiple ecological regions with clear ecological functions by combining various factors. The method also includes:

[0019] Organize professionals to conduct field investigations on the division results to verify the accuracy and rationality of the divisions, observe the distribution of aquatic organisms, water quality and river topography on the spot, and compare them with the division results. If the division results are found to be inconsistent with the actual situation, they should be adjusted in a timely manner;

[0020] Conduct data analysis on each ecological region after division and compare the differences in ecological characteristics between different regions;

[0021] Establish a dynamic monitoring mechanism for river ecosystems and regularly monitor the river's topography, hydrology, water quality and ecological factors.

[0022] Furthermore, highly sensitive monitoring equipment is arranged in each ecological area to monitor ecological water demand and related environmental parameters in real time. The method includes:

[0023] Determine the key indicators of ecological water demand according to the ecological functions of different ecological regions;

[0024] Combined with relevant ecological research and field investigations, the specific requirements for ecological water demand in each ecological region are determined and targeted monitoring is carried out;

[0025] In addition to the ecological water demand indicators, it is also necessary to determine the environmental parameters closely related to the ecosystem, analyze the impact of these environmental parameters on the ecological region, and determine the specific parameters that need to be monitored and the monitoring frequency;

[0026] Choose high-precision water level sensors to accurately measure water level changes in different ecological areas in real time;

[0027] Install flow sensors to monitor water velocity and flow, select highly sensitive water temperature sensors to quickly and accurately reflect changes in water temperature, and select online water quality monitors that can simultaneously measure multiple water quality parameters;

[0028] Small meteorological stations are installed at appropriate locations around the river, equipped with temperature sensors, rainfall sensors, wind speed and direction sensors to monitor the impact of meteorological conditions on the ecological area, and topographic survey instruments are used to monitor riverbed topographic parameters.

[0029] Furthermore, highly sensitive monitoring equipment is arranged in each ecological area to monitor ecological water demand and related environmental parameters in real time. The method also includes:

[0030] For different ecological areas, monitoring equipment should be reasonably arranged according to their shapes, sizes and ecological functions;

[0031] Consider key locations in ecological areas, including where water flows meet, where water depths vary greatly, and ecologically sensitive areas, and focus on deploying monitoring equipment;

[0032] Determine the coverage and density of monitoring equipment based on the size of the ecological region and monitoring needs;

[0033] Establish a reliable data transmission system to transmit the data collected by the monitoring equipment to the central data processing center in real time. In the central data processing center, establish a special database and data analysis platform to store, process and analyze the monitoring data;

[0034] Regularly conduct statistical analysis and reporting of monitoring data to provide a scientific basis for ecological scheduling decisions, formulate maintenance plans for monitoring equipment, and regularly inspect, clean, repair and maintain equipment.

[0035] Furthermore, an ecological model that comprehensively considers multiple factors is constructed. The method includes:

[0036] Determine the input factors of the ecological model. In the hydrological factors, flow is represented by Q, water level is represented by H, and flow velocity is represented by V. In the water quality factors, dissolved oxygen is represented by DO, acidity is represented by pH, and pollutant concentration is represented by C. In the meteorological factors, temperature is represented by T, rainfall is represented by P, and wind speed is represented by W. In the ecological factors, the types and number of aquatic organisms are represented by N, and the coverage area of ​​aquatic plants is represented by A.

[0037] The expression of the ecological model was established, and the ecological water demand EW was expressed as a function of multiple factors: EW = f (Q, H, V, DO, pH, C, T, P, W, N, A);

[0038] There is a linear relationship between ecological water demand and various factors, which can be expressed as: EW = β0 + β1Q + β2H + β3V + β4DO + β5pH + β6C + β7T + β8P + β9W + β 10 N+β 11 A Among them, β0 is a constant term, β1 to β 11 is the regression coefficient of each factor.

[0039] Furthermore, historical data is used for training and verification to achieve accurate prediction of the trend of ecological water demand. The method includes:

[0040] Obtain historical hydrological data of flow Q, water level H, and flow velocity V from the hydrological monitoring station, and collect historical water quality data of dissolved oxygen DO, pH, and pollutant concentration C from the water quality monitoring station;

[0041] Obtain historical meteorological data of temperature T, rainfall P, and wind speed W from the meteorological department, and obtain historical ecological data of aquatic species and quantity N and aquatic plant coverage area A through field surveys and monitoring;

[0042] Perform data preprocessing operations on the collected historical data, including data cleaning, removal of outliers, filling of missing values, and data standardization

[0043] Divide historical data into training set and validation set;

[0044] Use the training set data to train the above model, and use the validation set data to validate the trained model;

[0045] According to the performance of the model on the validation set, the model is adjusted and optimized, and the model training and validation process is repeated until the prediction error of the model reaches a satisfactory level;

[0046] Input the real-time monitored hydrological, water quality, meteorological and ecological data into the trained ecological model;

[0047] The model calculates the predicted value of ecological water demand at the current moment based on the input data;

[0048] The predicted values ​​of ecological water demand at consecutive time points are analyzed to obtain the changing trend of ecological water demand.

[0049] Furthermore, based on the real-time monitoring data and the prediction results of the ecological model, a personalized ecological flow scheduling plan is formulated, and precise scheduling is achieved through intelligent facilities. The method includes:

[0050] Real-time monitoring data on water level, flow, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, water quality parameters and meteorological data are continuously collected using highly sensitive monitoring equipment deployed in each ecological zone;

[0051] Call the trained and verified ecological model, input the current hydrological, water quality and meteorological data, obtain the prediction results of ecological water demand, and analyze the changing trend of ecological water demand in different ecological regions at different time points;

[0052] Determine the minimum ecological flow required for the survival, reproduction and habitat of aquatic organisms in different ecological regions according to their species and numbers;

[0053] According to the needs of aquatic plant growth areas, determine the appropriate water level change range and water flow speed, formulate different ecological flow scheduling strategies for different types of ecological regions, and dynamically adjust the ecological flow scheduling plan for each ecological region according to the changes in ecological water demand predicted by the ecological model;

[0054] Install intelligent control systems at the gates of water conservancy and hydropower projects to automatically adjust the gate opening based on water level and flow data fed back by sensors;

[0055] Set up pump station regulating devices to supplement and regulate ecological flow, automatically start the pump station and adjust the flow and water level according to the dispatch plan;

[0056] Use monitoring equipment to continuously monitor changes in water level, flow, water quality and biodiversity indicators after ecological flow scheduling, compare the monitoring data with the scheduling targets, evaluate whether the scheduling effect meets expectations, and adjust the ecological flow scheduling plan in a timely manner based on the monitoring results.

[0057] Furthermore, a scientific scheduling effect evaluation indicator system is established to regularly conduct multi-dimensional evaluation of ecological scheduling effects. The method includes:

[0058] Conduct regular surveys of aquatic life, count the number of species and the proportion of dominant species in different ecological areas, set up water quality monitoring stations, collect water samples regularly for analysis, and compare the response of the ecosystem to natural and human disturbances before and after ecological regulation to evaluate;

[0059] Calculate the ratio of actual ecological flow to target ecological flow, evaluate the satisfaction of ecological flow, monitor water level changes in different ecological areas, and analyze the distribution of water flow velocity at different locations in the river;

[0060] Evaluate the impact of ecological scheduling on the power generation function of water conservancy and hydropower projects, calculate the change in power generation before and after ecological scheduling, consider the impact of ecological scheduling on irrigation water, analyze the impact of ecological scheduling on the flood control function of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and evaluate the changes in flood control capacity under different hydrological conditions;

[0061] Collect data on ecological indicators, hydrological indicators and socio-economic indicators, conduct statistical analysis on the collected data, and calculate the values ​​and changing trends of various indicators;

[0062] Comprehensively evaluate various indicators to determine the overall situation of ecological scheduling effects, analyze the differences between different ecological regions, and find out areas with better and worse ecological scheduling effects.

[0063] Furthermore, the scheduling scheme is dynamically adjusted and optimized according to the evaluation results. The method includes:

[0064] Carefully study the assessment report, identify the indicators and areas where the ecological scheduling effect is not ideal, and analyze the causes of the problems;

[0065] The evaluation results show that the ecological model predictions are inaccurate and that the ecological model needs to be adjusted and optimized, more historical data and real-time monitoring data needs to be collected, and the ecological model needs to be retrained and verified to improve the accuracy and reliability of the model;

[0066] According to the assessment results and analysis, adjust and optimize the ecological flow scheduling plan, consider the changes in ecological demand under different seasons and different hydrological conditions, and formulate a dynamic scheduling plan;

[0067] Implement the adjusted scheduling plan, continue to monitor changes in the ecosystem, conduct regular evaluations to verify whether the adjusted scheduling plan is effective, and continuously optimize and improve the scheduling plan based on new evaluation results to form a dynamic adjustment and optimization cycle.

[0068] Compared with the existing technology, the optimization method of ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects has the following advantages:

[0069] Beneficial effects:

[0070] The present invention monitors the ecological water demand of different ecological zones in the river in real time, accurately grasps the actual demand status of each ecological zone, and makes the ecological scheduling plan personalized according to the characteristics of different ecological zones, thereby improving the accuracy of scheduling. The ecological model comprehensively considers multiple factors such as hydrology, water quality, ecology, and meteorology, and can predict the changing trend of the ecological water demand of different ecological zones. By accurately meeting the ecological water demand of different ecological zones, it provides a suitable living environment for various aquatic organisms, is conducive to the protection of rare and endangered species, promotes the stable development of biological communities, and improves the biodiversity level of the entire river ecosystem.

[0071] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0073] Figure 1 Flow chart of the optimization method for ecological scheduling of water conservancy and hydropower projects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] Embodiment 1

[0076] The optimization method of ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects includes: firstly, finely dividing the river into ecological areas, combining various factors to divide the river into multiple areas with clear ecological functions, arranging highly sensitive monitoring equipment in each ecological area, and monitoring ecological water demand and related environmental parameters in real time.

[0077] Using advanced geographic information system (GIS) technology and ecological assessment methods, the river channel is divided into more detailed ecological regions, taking into account not only different ecological characteristics and biological communities, but also factors such as topography, water flow velocity, and riverbed structure. The river channel is divided into multiple areas with clear ecological functions, such as key spawning areas for fish, protection areas for rare aquatic plants, and habitats for endangered benthic organisms. In each ecological area, highly sensitive monitoring equipment is densely arranged, including but not limited to water level sensors, flow sensors, water temperature sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, water quality monitors, etc. These sensors can monitor the ecological water demand and related environmental parameters of different ecological zones in the river channel in real time and accurately, providing detailed data support for ecological scheduling.

[0078] Then, an ecological model that comprehensively considers multiple factors is constructed, and historical data is used for training and verification to achieve accurate prediction of the changing trend of ecological water demand. An ecological model that comprehensively considers multiple factors such as hydrology, water quality, ecology, and meteorology is constructed. This model can not only simulate the water flow movement and water quality changes in the river channel, but also predict the dynamic changes of biological communities in different ecological regions and their response to ecological water demand. A large amount of historical monitoring data is used to repeatedly train and verify the ecological model, and the model parameters are continuously optimized to improve the accuracy and reliability of the model. Through comparative analysis with actual monitoring data, the prediction error of the model is ensured to be controlled within a very small range, so as to achieve accurate prediction of the changing trend of ecological water demand.

[0079] Based on real-time monitoring data and ecological model prediction results, personalized ecological flow scheduling plans are formulated, and precise scheduling is achieved through intelligent facilities. The plan fully considers the unique needs of each ecological region to ensure accurate supply of ecological flow under different hydrological conditions and project operation conditions. Through the intelligent gate control systems, pump station regulation devices and other facilities of water conservancy and hydropower projects, real-time and precise scheduling of ecological flow is achieved. Utilizing automated control technology and remote monitoring systems, the efficiency and stability of the scheduling process are ensured, and changes in the ecological environment are responded to in a timely manner.

[0080] Finally, a scientific scheduling effect evaluation indicator system will be established, and the ecological scheduling effect will be evaluated in multiple dimensions on a regular basis. The scheduling plan will be dynamically adjusted and optimized based on the evaluation results. A set of scientific and comprehensive scheduling effect evaluation indicator systems will be established, including biodiversity indicators (such as species richness, population size, community structure, etc.), water quality indicators (such as pH, dissolved oxygen, pollutant concentration, etc.), and ecosystem health indicators (such as ecosystem stability, ecological function integrity, etc.). Regular multi-dimensional evaluations of ecological scheduling effects will be conducted, and a variety of means such as field sampling, remote sensing monitoring, and data analysis will be used to fully grasp the changes in river ecosystems. Based on the evaluation results and using feedback control mechanisms, the ecological scheduling plan will be dynamically adjusted and optimized, and the ecological model and scheduling strategy will be continuously improved to adapt to the ever-changing ecological environment and engineering operation needs, and to ensure the long-term effectiveness of ecological scheduling.

[0081] Embodiment 2

[0082] This embodiment further describes in detail the optimization method for ecological scheduling of water conservancy and hydropower projects based on the first embodiment.

[0083] First, collect geographic information data of the river, including the length, width, depth, slope, and riverbed morphology of the river; collect hydrological data, including flow, flow velocity, and water level changes; collect water quality data, including pH, dissolved oxygen, and pollutant concentrations; collect ecological data, including the species, distribution, and number of aquatic organisms, as well as the types and distribution of coastal vegetation; divide the river into multiple areas with clear ecological functions to achieve accurate scheduling of ecological flow, protect biodiversity, and maintain the health and stability of the river ecosystem; use geographic information system (GIS) technology to analyze the topography of the river; divide the river into different topographic areas according to the slope of the river and the riverbed morphology, including rapids, slow flow, deep water, and shallow water. Different topographic areas have different effects on hydrological conditions such as water flow velocity and water depth, which in turn affect the habitat and reproduction of aquatic organisms. For example, rapids may be suitable for the survival of some fish that like turbulent water environments, while slow flow areas may be good areas for the growth of aquatic plants.

[0084] Then, analyze the hydrological data of the river, including flow, flow velocity and water level changes. Based on these data, divide the river into different hydrological areas, including high flow area, low flow area, normal water level area and floodplain area. The flow conditions and water level changes in different hydrological areas have different impacts on the ecosystem. For example, high flow areas may cause erosion of river banks during floods, but may also provide breeding opportunities for some organisms that require large water flows. Low flow areas may become refuges for aquatic organisms during dry seasons. Analyze the water quality data of the river, including pH, dissolved oxygen and pollutant concentrations. Based on the differences in water quality, divide the river into different water quality areas, including clean water areas, lightly polluted areas, moderately polluted areas and heavily polluted areas. Different water quality areas are suitable for the survival of different organisms. For example, clean water areas may be the habitat of rare aquatic organisms, while polluted areas may only allow some pollution-resistant organisms to survive.

[0085] Next, the ecological data of the river were analyzed, including the species, distribution, and number of aquatic organisms, as well as the types and distribution of coastal vegetation. According to the ecological characteristics, the river was divided into different ecological functional areas, including fish spawning areas, aquatic plant growth areas, benthic organism habitats, and bird habitats. Different ecological functional areas have different demands for ecological flow. For example, fish spawning areas require specific water flow conditions and water depths during the breeding season to ensure the hatching of fish eggs and the growth of young fish; aquatic plant growth areas require appropriate water levels and flow rates to ensure plant photosynthesis and the transport of nutrients.

[0086] Organize professionals to conduct on-site inspections of the division results to verify the accuracy and rationality of the division. Conduct on-site inspections to observe the distribution of aquatic organisms, water quality and river topography, and compare them with the division results. If the division results are found to be inconsistent with the actual situation, they should be adjusted in a timely manner. Conduct data analysis on the ecological regions after division, and compare the differences in ecological characteristics between different regions. For example, analyze the biodiversity index, water quality indicators, and hydrological parameters of different regions. If the data analysis results show that the division of certain areas is not reasonable, adjustments should be made based on the analysis results. Establish a dynamic monitoring mechanism for the river ecosystem, and regularly monitor the river's topography, hydrology, water quality and ecological factors. Over time, the river ecosystem may change, and the division results should be adjusted accordingly. For example, if the hydrological conditions of the river have changed significantly, such as an increase or decrease in flow, a change in water level, etc., the ecological regions may need to be re-divided.

[0087] According to the ecological functions of different ecological regions, key indicators of ecological water demand are determined. For example, for fish spawning areas, key indicators may include water depth, water flow velocity, water temperature, etc. For aquatic plant growth areas, they may include water level change amplitude, nutrient content in water quality, etc. Combined with relevant ecological research and field investigations, the specific requirements for ecological water demand of each ecological region are determined, and targeted monitoring is carried out. In addition to ecological water demand indicators, environmental parameters closely related to the ecosystem need to be determined, which may include water quality parameters (such as pH, dissolved oxygen, pollutant concentration, etc.), meteorological parameters (such as temperature, rainfall, wind speed, etc.), riverbed topography parameters (such as riverbed slope, sediment thickness, etc.), analyze the impact of these environmental parameters on the ecological region, and determine the specific parameters that need to be monitored and the monitoring frequency.

[0088] Choose high-precision water level sensors to measure the water level changes in different ecological areas in real time and accurately. You can consider using pressure water level sensors, ultrasonic water level sensors, etc., and choose the appropriate type according to the specific conditions of the river. Install flow sensors to monitor water flow velocity and flow. Common ones include electromagnetic flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, etc., which can be selected according to the water flow characteristics and measurement accuracy requirements of the ecological area. Use highly sensitive water temperature sensors to quickly and accurately reflect changes in water temperature. You can consider platinum resistance water temperature sensors, thermistor water temperature sensors, etc. Choose online water quality monitors that can measure multiple water quality parameters at the same time, such as instruments that can measure parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, etc., to ensure that the instruments have high accuracy and stability, install small meteorological stations at appropriate locations around the river, equipped with temperature sensors, rainfall sensors, wind speed and direction sensors, monitor the impact of meteorological conditions on ecological areas, use topographic survey instruments to monitor riverbed topographic parameters, such as laser rangefinders, total stations, etc., and regularly measure riverbed slopes and sediment thickness.

[0089] For different ecological areas, monitoring equipment should be arranged reasonably according to their shapes, sizes and ecological functions. For example, for narrow and long fish spawning areas, multiple water level and flow sensors can be arranged along the river channel to fully understand the water flow conditions; for larger aquatic plant growth areas, water quality monitors can be set up at different locations to grasp the spatial distribution of water quality. Consider the key locations of ecological areas, including water flow confluences, areas with large changes in water depth, and ecologically sensitive areas, and focus on the arrangement of monitoring equipment to obtain more accurate information. According to the scale of the ecological area and monitoring needs, determine the coverage and density of monitoring equipment, establish a reliable data transmission system, and transmit the data collected by the monitoring equipment to the central data processing center in real time. At the central data processing center, establish a special database and data analysis platform to store, process and analyze the monitoring data. Data analysis software and algorithms can be used to conduct real-time monitoring and early warning of ecological water demand and environmental parameters.

[0090] Next, statistical analysis and reporting of the monitoring data are carried out regularly to provide a scientific basis for ecological scheduling decisions. Analysis results in the form of charts and reports can be generated to intuitively display the changes in the ecological area, formulate maintenance plans for monitoring equipment, and regularly inspect, clean, repair and maintain the equipment to ensure its normal operation and extend its service life.

[0091] Then, the input factors of the ecological model are determined. The flow rate in the hydrological factors is represented by Q, the water level is represented by h, and the flow velocity is represented by V. The dissolved oxygen in the water quality factors is represented by DO, the acidity and alkalinity are represented by pH, and the pollutant concentration is represented by C. The temperature in the meteorological factors is represented by T, the rainfall is represented by P, and the wind speed is represented by W. The species and number of aquatic organisms in the ecological factors are represented by N, and the coverage area of ​​aquatic plants is represented by A. The expression of the ecological model is established. The ecological water demand EW is expressed as a function of multiple factors: EW = f(Q, H, V, DO, pH, C, T, P, W, N, A). There is a linear relationship between the ecological water demand and each factor, which is expressed as: EW = β0+β1Q+β2H+β3V+β4DO+β5pH+β6C+β7T+β8P+β9W+β10N+β 11 A Among them, β0 is a constant term, β1 to β 11 is the regression coefficient of each factor.

[0092] Next, historical hydrological data of flow Q, water level H, and flow velocity V were obtained from the hydrological monitoring station, historical water quality data of dissolved oxygen DO, pH, and pollutant concentration C were collected from the water quality monitoring station, and historical meteorological data of temperature T, rainfall P, and wind speed W were obtained from the meteorological department. Through field investigation and monitoring, historical ecological data of aquatic organism species and number N, and aquatic plant coverage area A were obtained. The collected historical data were preprocessed by data cleaning, removing outliers, filling missing values, and standardizing the data. The historical data were divided into a training set and a validation set. The training set data were used to train the above model, and the validation set data were used to validate the trained model.

[0093] Then, based on the model's performance on the validation set, the model is adjusted and optimized, and the model training and validation process is repeated until the model's prediction error reaches a satisfactory level. The real-time monitored hydrological, water quality, meteorological and ecological data are input into the trained ecological model. The model calculates the predicted value of ecological water demand at the current moment based on the input data, and analyzes the predicted values ​​of ecological water demand at consecutive time points to obtain the changing trend of ecological water demand.

[0094] Next, use high-sensitivity monitoring equipment arranged in various ecological zones to continuously collect real-time monitoring data on water level, flow, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, water quality parameters and meteorological data, call the trained and verified ecological model, input the current hydrological, water quality and meteorological data, obtain the forecast results of ecological water demand, analyze the changing trend of ecological water demand in different ecological zones at different time points, and determine the minimum ecological flow required for the survival, reproduction and habitat of aquatic organisms in different ecological zones based on their species and number. For example, for fish spawning areas, ensure that there is sufficient water flow speed and water depth during the breeding season to promote the hatching of fish eggs and the growth of young fish. Consider the special needs of rare and endangered species and provide them with specific ecological flow conditions.

[0095] According to the needs of aquatic plant growth areas, determine the appropriate water level change range and water flow rate to ensure the photosynthesis of aquatic plants and the transport of nutrients, ensure sufficient water exchange in benthic habitats, maintain good water quality and bottom conditions, and formulate different ecological flow scheduling strategies for different types of ecological regions. For example, for fish spawning areas, the flow can be increased in specific time periods to simulate natural flood processes and promote fish reproduction; for aquatic plant growth areas, maintain a relatively stable water level and slow water flow rate.

[0096] According to the changes in ecological water demand predicted by the ecological model, the ecological flow scheduling plan for each ecological area is dynamically adjusted. Intelligent control systems are installed at the gates of water conservancy and hydropower projects. The gate opening is automatically adjusted through the water level and flow data fed back by sensors. Pump station adjustment devices are set up to supplement and adjust the ecological flow. According to the scheduling plan, the pump station is automatically started, the flow and water level are adjusted, and intelligent monitoring and control equipment are equipped to monitor the operating status of the pump station and changes in ecological flow in real time to ensure the efficient operation of the pump station. Monitoring equipment is used to continuously monitor changes in water level, flow, water quality and biodiversity indicators after ecological flow scheduling. The monitoring data is compared with the scheduling targets to evaluate whether the scheduling effect meets expectations. According to the monitoring results, the ecological flow scheduling plan is adjusted in a timely manner. If it is found that the ecological needs of an ecological area are not met or have an adverse impact on other areas, the scheduling plan is immediately optimized, and the ecological model and intelligent scheduling facilities are continuously improved to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of ecological flow scheduling.

[0097] Conduct aquatic biological surveys regularly, count the number of species and the proportion of dominant species in different ecological regions, set up water quality monitoring stations, collect water samples regularly for analysis, compare the response of the ecosystem to natural and human interference before and after ecological regulation to evaluate, calculate the ratio of actual ecological flow to target ecological flow, and evaluate the satisfaction of ecological flow. The target ecological flow can be determined according to the needs of different ecological regions and the prediction results of ecological models. Monitor water level changes in different ecological regions to ensure that water level changes are within an appropriate range to meet the survival needs of aquatic organisms and aquatic plants. Analyze the distribution of water flow velocity at different locations in the river to determine whether it is conducive to the habitat and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Evaluate the impact of ecological regulation on the power generation function of water conservancy and hydropower projects, calculate the changes in power generation before and after ecological regulation, consider the impact of ecological regulation on irrigation water, ensure that while meeting ecological needs, it does not affect social and economic needs such as agricultural irrigation, analyze the impact of ecological regulation on flood control functions of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and evaluate changes in flood control capacity under different hydrological conditions.

[0098] Collect data on ecological indicators, hydrological indicators and socio-economic indicators, conduct statistical analysis on the collected data, calculate the values ​​and changing trends of various indicators, for example, calculate the changes in the biodiversity index, the average value and standard deviation of water quality parameters, etc. Use charts, reports, etc. to intuitively display the evaluation results for easy analysis and comparison, conduct a comprehensive evaluation of various indicators, determine the overall situation of ecological scheduling effects, analyze the differences between different ecological regions, and find out areas with better and worse ecological scheduling effects so as to make targeted adjustments and optimizations.

[0099] Finally, carefully study the evaluation report, find out the indicators and areas where the ecological scheduling effect is not ideal, analyze the causes of the problem, which may be inaccurate ecological model, unreasonable scheduling plan, monitoring equipment failure, etc., discuss with relevant experts and stakeholders, listen to their opinions and suggestions, and jointly explore solutions. The evaluation results show that the ecological model prediction is inaccurate, and the ecological model needs to be adjusted and optimized. Collect more historical data and real-time monitoring data, retrain and verify the ecological model, improve the accuracy and reliability of the model, adjust the parameters and structure of the ecological model according to the actual situation, so that it better reflects the relationship between the ecosystem and hydrological conditions, and according to the evaluation results and analysis, make adjustments to the ecological flow. Adjust and optimize the scheduling plan, for example, adjust the gate opening, pump station operating parameters, etc. to better meet ecological needs, consider the changes in ecological needs in different seasons and under different hydrological conditions, formulate dynamic scheduling plans, and improve the flexibility and adaptability of scheduling. When optimizing the scheduling plan, we must comprehensively consider ecological, social, and economic factors, seek the best solution, implement the adjusted scheduling plan, and continuously monitor changes in the ecosystem, conduct regular assessments, verify whether the adjusted scheduling plan is effective, and continuously optimize and improve the scheduling plan based on the new evaluation results to form a dynamic adjustment and optimization cycle to ensure the continuous improvement of the ecological scheduling effect.

[0100] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the same elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. An optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects, characterized in that: The method includes: Carry out detailed ecological regional division of the river, and divide the river into multiple areas with clear ecological functions by combining various factors; Highly sensitive monitoring equipment is deployed in each ecological area to monitor ecological water demand and related environmental parameters in real time; Construct an ecological model that comprehensively considers multiple factors, use historical data for training and verification, and achieve accurate prediction of the changing trend of ecological water demand; Develop personalized ecological flow scheduling plans based on real-time monitoring data and ecological model prediction results, and achieve precise scheduling through intelligent facilities; Establish a scientific scheduling effect evaluation indicator system, conduct regular multi-dimensional evaluations of ecological scheduling effects, and dynamically adjust and optimize scheduling plans based on the evaluation results.

2. The optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The river is divided into several areas with clear ecological functions by fine ecological regional division of the river, combining various factors. The method includes: Collect geographic information data of the river, including the length, width, depth, slope, and riverbed morphology of the river, and collect hydrological data, including flow, flow velocity, and water level changes; Collect water quality data, including pH, dissolved oxygen, and pollutant concentrations; collect ecological data, including the species, distribution, and abundance of aquatic organisms, and the types and distribution of coastal vegetation; Utilize geographic information system technology to analyze the topography of the river and divide the river into different topographic areas, including rapids, slow currents, deep waters and shallow waters, based on the slope and riverbed morphology of the river. Analyze the hydrological data of the river, including flow, velocity and water level changes, and divide the river into different hydrological zones based on these data, including high flow zone, low flow zone, normal water level zone and floodplain zone; Analyze the water quality data of the river, including pH, dissolved oxygen and pollutant concentration, and divide the river into different water quality areas according to the differences in water quality, including clean water area, lightly polluted area, moderately polluted area and heavily polluted area; Analyze the ecological data of the river, including the species, distribution, and number of aquatic organisms, as well as the types and distribution of coastal vegetation. According to the ecological characteristics, divide the river into different ecological functional areas, including fish spawning areas, aquatic plant growth areas, benthic organism habitats and bird habitats.

3. The optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The river is divided into several areas with clear ecological functions by fine-grained ecological regionalization of the river, combining various factors. The method also includes: Organize professionals to conduct field investigations on the division results to verify the accuracy and rationality of the divisions, observe the distribution of aquatic organisms, water quality and river topography on the spot, and compare them with the division results. If the division results are found to be inconsistent with the actual situation, they should be adjusted in a timely manner; Conduct data analysis on each ecological region after division and compare the differences in ecological characteristics between different regions; Establish a dynamic monitoring mechanism for river ecosystems and regularly monitor the river's topography, hydrology, water quality and ecological factors.

4. The optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Highly sensitive monitoring equipment is arranged in each ecological area to monitor ecological water demand and related environmental parameters in real time. The method includes: Determine the key indicators of ecological water demand according to the ecological functions of different ecological regions; Combined with relevant ecological research and field investigations, the specific requirements for ecological water demand in each ecological region are determined and targeted monitoring is carried out; In addition to the ecological water demand indicators, it is also necessary to determine the environmental parameters closely related to the ecosystem, analyze the impact of these environmental parameters on the ecological region, and determine the specific parameters that need to be monitored and the monitoring frequency; Choose high-precision water level sensors to accurately measure water level changes in different ecological areas in real time; Install flow sensors to monitor water velocity and flow, select highly sensitive water temperature sensors to quickly and accurately reflect changes in water temperature, and select online water quality monitors that can simultaneously measure multiple water quality parameters; Small meteorological stations are installed at appropriate locations around the river, equipped with temperature sensors, rainfall sensors, wind speed and direction sensors to monitor the impact of meteorological conditions on the ecological area, and topographic survey instruments are used to monitor riverbed topographic parameters.

5. The optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Highly sensitive monitoring equipment is arranged in each ecological area to monitor ecological water demand and related environmental parameters in real time. The method also includes: For different ecological areas, monitoring equipment should be reasonably arranged according to their shapes, sizes and ecological functions; Consider key locations in ecological areas, including where water flows meet, where water depths vary greatly, and ecologically sensitive areas, and focus on deploying monitoring equipment; Determine the coverage and density of monitoring equipment based on the size of the ecological region and monitoring needs; Establish a reliable data transmission system to transmit the data collected by the monitoring equipment to the central data processing center in real time. In the central data processing center, establish a special database and data analysis platform to store, process and analyze the monitoring data; Regularly conduct statistical analysis and reporting of monitoring data to provide a scientific basis for ecological scheduling decisions, formulate maintenance plans for monitoring equipment, and regularly inspect, clean, repair and maintain equipment.

6. The optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Constructing an ecological model that comprehensively considers multiple factors, the method includes: Determine the input factors of the ecological model. In the hydrological factors, flow is represented by Q, water level is represented by H, and flow velocity is represented by V. In the water quality factors, dissolved oxygen is represented by DO, acidity is represented by pH, and pollutant concentration is represented by C. In the meteorological factors, temperature is represented by T, rainfall is represented by P, and wind speed is represented by W. In the ecological factors, the types and number of aquatic organisms are represented by N, and the coverage area of ​​aquatic plants is represented by A. The expression of the ecological model was established, and the ecological water demand EW was expressed as a function of multiple factors: EW = f (Q, H, V, DO, pH, C, T, P, W, N, A); There is a linear relationship between ecological water demand and various factors, which can be expressed as: EW = β0 + β1Q + β2H + β3V + β4DO + β5pH + β6C + β7T + β8P + β9W + β 10 N+β 11 A Among them, β0 is a constant term, β1 to β 11 is the regression coefficient of each factor.

7. The optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The historical data is used for training and verification to achieve accurate prediction of the trend of ecological water demand. The method includes: Obtain historical hydrological data of flow Q, water level H, and flow velocity V from the hydrological monitoring station, and collect historical water quality data of dissolved oxygen DO, pH, and pollutant concentration C from the water quality monitoring station; Obtain historical meteorological data of temperature T, rainfall P, and wind speed W from the meteorological department, and obtain historical ecological data of aquatic species and quantity N and aquatic plant coverage area A through field surveys and monitoring; Perform data preprocessing operations on the collected historical data, including data cleaning, removal of outliers, filling of missing values, and data standardization Divide historical data into training set and validation set; Use the training set data to train the above model, and use the validation set data to validate the trained model; According to the performance of the model on the validation set, the model is adjusted and optimized, and the model training and validation process is repeated until the prediction error of the model reaches a satisfactory level; Input the real-time monitored hydrological, water quality, meteorological and ecological data into the trained ecological model; The model calculates the predicted value of ecological water demand at the current moment based on the input data; The predicted values ​​of ecological water demand at consecutive time points are analyzed to obtain the changing trend of ecological water demand.

8. The optimization method for ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: According to the real-time monitoring data and ecological model prediction results, a personalized ecological flow scheduling plan is formulated, and precise scheduling is achieved through intelligent facilities. The method includes: Real-time monitoring data on water level, flow, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, water quality parameters and meteorological data are continuously collected using highly sensitive monitoring equipment deployed in each ecological zone; Call the trained and verified ecological model, input the current hydrological, water quality and meteorological data, obtain the prediction results of ecological water demand, and analyze the changing trend of ecological water demand in different ecological regions at different time points; Determine the minimum ecological flow required for the survival, reproduction and habitat of aquatic organisms in different ecological regions according to their species and numbers; According to the needs of aquatic plant growth areas, determine the appropriate water level change range and water flow speed, formulate different ecological flow scheduling strategies for different types of ecological regions, and dynamically adjust the ecological flow scheduling plan for each ecological region according to the changes in ecological water demand predicted by the ecological model; Install intelligent control systems at the gates of water conservancy and hydropower projects to automatically adjust the gate opening based on water level and flow data fed back by sensors; Set up pump station regulating devices to supplement and regulate ecological flow, automatically start the pump station and adjust the flow and water level according to the dispatch plan; Use monitoring equipment to continuously monitor changes in water level, flow, water quality and biodiversity indicators after ecological flow scheduling, compare the monitoring data with the scheduling targets, evaluate whether the scheduling effect meets expectations, and adjust the ecological flow scheduling plan in a timely manner based on the monitoring results.

9. The method for optimizing ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: Establish a scientific dispatch effect evaluation indicator system and regularly conduct multi-dimensional evaluation of ecological dispatch effects. The method includes: Conduct regular surveys of aquatic life, count the number of species and the proportion of dominant species in different ecological areas, set up water quality monitoring stations, collect water samples regularly for analysis, and compare the response of the ecosystem to natural and human disturbances before and after ecological regulation to evaluate; Calculate the ratio of actual ecological flow to target ecological flow, evaluate the satisfaction of ecological flow, monitor water level changes in different ecological areas, and analyze the distribution of water flow velocity at different locations in the river; Evaluate the impact of ecological scheduling on the power generation function of water conservancy and hydropower projects, calculate the change in power generation before and after ecological scheduling, consider the impact of ecological scheduling on irrigation water, analyze the impact of ecological scheduling on the flood control function of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and evaluate the changes in flood control capacity under different hydrological conditions; Collect data on ecological indicators, hydrological indicators and socio-economic indicators, conduct statistical analysis on the collected data, and calculate the values ​​and changing trends of various indicators; Comprehensively evaluate various indicators to determine the overall situation of ecological scheduling effects, analyze the differences between different ecological regions, and find out areas with better and worse ecological scheduling effects.

10. The method for optimizing ecological dispatching of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scheduling scheme is dynamically adjusted and optimized according to the evaluation results. The method includes: Carefully study the assessment report, identify the indicators and areas where the ecological scheduling effect is not ideal, and analyze the causes of the problems; The evaluation results show that the ecological model predictions are inaccurate and that the ecological model needs to be adjusted and optimized, more historical data and real-time monitoring data needs to be collected, and the ecological model needs to be retrained and verified to improve the accuracy and reliability of the model; According to the assessment results and analysis, adjust and optimize the ecological flow scheduling plan, consider the changes in ecological demand under different seasons and different hydrological conditions, and formulate a dynamic scheduling plan; Implement the adjusted scheduling plan, continue to monitor changes in the ecosystem, conduct regular evaluations to verify whether the adjusted scheduling plan is effective, and continuously optimize and improve the scheduling plan based on new evaluation results to form a dynamic adjustment and optimization cycle.

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