A set of intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instruments

Abstract

This application relates to a set of intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instruments for reaming and forming the intervertebral foramen on the ventral side of the superior articular process of the lower vertebra. The set includes: a tongue-shaped rod, whose head extends into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen and abuts eccentrically against the ventral side of the superior articular process; a fixing needle, which penetrates the middle hole of the tongue-shaped rod along the axial direction of the tongue-shaped rod and is screwed into the superior articular process by rotation; a protective sheath, which slides into the intervertebral foramen along the outside of the tongue-shaped rod and pushes aside the surrounding neurons; a trephine, which is sleeved outside the tongue-shaped rod and is located between the tongue-shaped rod and the protective sheath, and feeds along the axial direction of the tongue-shaped rod, rotates and cuts through the superior articular process, and separates a bone block that is threadedly fastened to the fixing needle in one step. The fixing needle takes away the bone block in the reverse direction to expand the intervertebral foramen, and the arthroscope probes into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen for observation. Thus, one-step forming of the intervertebral foramen reaming is achieved, and at the same time, damage to the surrounding neurons is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to surgical instruments, and in particular, to a set of intervertebral foramen rapid forming instruments. Background Art

[0002] The percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a minimally invasive therapy for lumbar disc herniation with less trauma, lower risk, faster recovery and better curative effect for patients. During the PELD operation, under the assistance of a foraminal endoscope (endoscope), the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum, the herniated nucleus pulposus, the compressed nerve root, the dural sac and the hyperplastic bone tissue can be clearly seen. The endoscope needs to enter the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen for observation. However, the aperture of the intervertebral foramen is small, and the intervertebral foramen needs to be reamed and formed first. The traditional method is to use concentric and coaxial trephines to ream the hole in stages, remove bone blocks in batches, and complete the reaming and forming work in multiple steps, with low efficiency and long time. And neurons are distributed in the intervertebral space, and the error tolerance rate for operation errors is extremely low. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an orthopedic surgical instrument set that can cut a large number of bone blocks at one time, and then directly complete the reaming and forming of the intervertebral foramen in one step, while avoiding damaging the surrounding neurons during the operation process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide an orthopedic surgical instrument set that can cut a large number of bone blocks at one time, and then directly complete the reaming and forming of the intervertebral foramen in one step, while avoiding damaging the surrounding neurons during the operation process.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a set of intervertebral foramen rapid forming instruments for reaming and forming the intervertebral foramen on the ventral side of the superior articular process of the lower vertebra. The set includes:

[0005] A duckbill rod, the head of which extends into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen and abuts eccentrically against the ventral side of the superior articular process;

[0006] A fixing needle, which penetrates through the middle hole of the duckbill rod along the axial direction of the duckbill rod and is screwed into the superior articular process by rotation;

[0007] A protection sheath, which slides into the intervertebral foramen along the outside of the duckbill rod and pushes aside the surrounding neurons;

[0008] A trephine, which is sleeved outside the duckbill rod, is located between the duckbill rod and the protection sheath, feeds along the axial direction of the duckbill rod, rotates and cuts through the superior articular process, and separates a bone block threadedly fastened to the fixing needle in one step. The fixing needle takes away the bone block in the reverse direction to expand the intervertebral foramen, and the endoscope penetrates into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen for observation.

[0009] Preferably, the duckbill rod includes:

[0010] A rod body, which extends along the axial direction and has a middle hole formed through its axis;

[0011] The head is integrally formed at one end of the rod body. When observed along the axial direction, the head deviates from the axis of the rod body; when observed perpendicular to the axial direction, the head that deviates from the axis abuts against the ventral side of the superior articular process for positioning.

[0012] Preferably, the head includes:

[0013] The root of the tongue, which is connected to the rod body. When observed perpendicular to the axial direction, the root of the tongue abuts against the ventral side of the superior articular process for positioning;

[0014] The tip of the tongue, which is connected to the root of the tongue and is located on the side of the root of the tongue away from the rod body. The tip of the tongue extends into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen and pushes open the neurons in the spinal canal.

[0015] Preferably, when the trephine rotates to cut the superior articular process, the trephine rotates relative to the superior articular process, and thus rotates relative to the fixing needle; after the trephine penetrates the superior articular process to separate the bone block, the trephine drives the bone block to rotate, and thus becomes relatively stationary with respect to the fixing needle.

[0016] Preferably, when the trephine rotates to cut the superior articular process, the duck tongue rod is stationary relative to the superior articular process, and the trephine rotates relative to the duck tongue rod;

[0017] After the trephine penetrates the superior articular process to separate the bone block, the trephine drives the bone block to rotate relative to the superior articular process under the action of friction, and the bone block drives the duck tongue rod in contact with it and the fixing needle fixed thereto to rotate. Among them,

[0018] When it is observed that the fixing needle rotates with the trephine, it is determined that the bone block separation step is completed, and the feeding of the trephine is immediately stopped to prevent the trephine from extending into the spinal canal and damaging the neurons.

[0019] Preferably, one end of the fixing needle screwed into the bone block is denoted as the front end, and the other end is denoted as the rear end. The rear end is provided with a first phase mark;

[0020] When the trephine rotates to cut the superior articular process, observe whether the first phase mark rotates to determine whether the bone block separation step is completed. If so, immediately stop rotating the trephine.

[0021] Preferably, the head further includes:

[0022] The back surface, the surface in contact with the inner wall of the trephine;

[0023] The front surface, the surface that abuts against the superior articular process for positioning. When observed along the axial direction, the position where the front surface contacts the superior articular process deviates from the axis of the rod body, and the axis of the rod body deviates from the area enclosed by the back surface and the front surface.

[0024] Preferably, the other end of the rod body opposite to the head is denoted as the tail end. When observed along the axial direction, the tail end is provided with a second phase mark on the symmetry line perpendicular to the front surface;

[0025] When the duck tongue stick is in contact with the ventral side of the superior articular process, the second phase mark is used to determine whether the front side is in contact with the superior articular process, so as to avoid damaging neurons outside the target area when the ring saw is inserted into the duck tongue stick.

[0026] More preferably, the protective sheath comprises:

[0027] The shape of the slide is adapted to the outer wall shape of the ring saw and forms an open opening.

[0028] The handle is connected to the slide groove and is located on the side away from the open opening; when the ring saw is axially inserted into the duck tongue stick, the ring saw is located between the slide groove and the duck tongue stick.

[0029] More preferably, one end of the trephine for cutting the superior articular process is formed with trephine teeth, and the other end is movably connected with a trephine handle;

[0030] One end of the fixing needle screwed into the superior articular process is formed with a threaded drill bit, and the other end is movably connected with a fixing needle handle, one end of the fixing needle handle is connected to the fixing needle, and the other end extends linearly in one direction.

[0031] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The duck tongue bar with an eccentric and eccentric structure is positioned against the ventral side of the superior articular process, and then the ring saw is used to rotate and cut around the outer side of the duck tongue bar, so that the intervertebral foramen can be quickly enlarged and formed in one step. The fixing pin is fastened to the superior articular process thread, which facilitates the ring saw to stably cut the bone block during cutting. After the cutting is completed, the fixing pin takes the bone block away in the opposite direction to prevent the bone block from entering the spinal canal and damaging the neurons in the spinal canal. In this way, the intervertebral foramen can be enlarged in one step, while avoiding damage to the surrounding neurons. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the combined state of the set according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the set in a separated state according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the set described in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 Front view of the combined state of the tongue depressor rod, fixation needle and trephine according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 is Figure 4 Cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in

[0039] Figure 6 is Figure 4 Cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic perspective view of the tongue depressor rod according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 8 is Figure 7 Schematic perspective view observed along the axial direction in

[0042] Figure 9 Schematic perspective view of the head of the tongue depressor rod according to an embodiment of the present application extending into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen and eccentrically abutting against the ventral side of the superior articular process;

[0043] Figure 10 Schematic principle view of the head of the tongue depressor rod according to an embodiment of the present application extending into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen and eccentrically abutting against the superior articular process;

[0044] Figure 11 Schematic view of the fixation needle penetrating axially through the middle hole of the tongue depressor rod and being screwed into the superior articular process in a rotating manner according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 12 Schematic view of the protective sheath sliding into the intervertebral foramen along the outer side of the tongue depressor rod and pushing open the surrounding neurons according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 13 Schematic view of the trephine sleeved on the outer side of the tongue depressor rod and located between the tongue depressor rod and the protective sheath according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 14 Schematic view of the trephine feeding axially along the tongue depressor rod and rotating to cut the superior articular process according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 15 Schematic view of the trephine penetrating the superior articular process and separating a bone block threadedly fastened to the fixation needle in one step according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 16 Schematic view of the fixation needle taking away the bone block in the reverse direction to form an enlarged intervertebral foramen according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 17Schematic diagram of the state where the foraminal endoscope penetrates into the spinal canal through the enlarged intervertebral foramen according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Explanation of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 100, set; 10, tongue rod; F1, axial direction; 200, superior articular process; 20, fixing needle; 11, middle hole; 30, trephine; 12, outside; 210, bone mass; 300, foraminal endoscope; 400, intervertebral foramen; 13, rod body; 14, head; 21, front end; 22, rear end; 141, back surface; 31, inner wall; 142, front surface; 143, root of the tongue; 144, tip of the tongue; T, axis; 40, protective sheath; 32, outer wall; 41, chute; 411, open opening; 42, handle; 33, ring teeth; 34, trephine handle; 211, threaded drill bit; 221, positioning needle handle; 500, spinal canal; 600, neuron. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] To facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0053] It should be noted that this embodiment involves some anatomical terms. In the following text, the inferior vertebra refers to the vertebra located in the lower part of the spine, usually including the lumbar vertebra and the sacral vertebra. In this article, the lumbar vertebra is taken as an example. The superior articular process is an anatomical structure on the vertebra (vertebral bone). Each vertebra has two superior articular processes, which are located in the posterior part of the vertebral arch. The ventral side refers to the front of the body or organ or the side close to the abdomen. It is opposite to the dorsal side, and the dorsal side refers to the back or the direction of the back of the body. For humans and other animals that walk upright, the ventral side is the front of the body, such as the chest and abdomen. The intervertebral foramen refers to the hole formed between each pair of adjacent vertebrae in the spine, which is located on both sides of the spine. The spinal canal refers to a longitudinal duct formed by the stacking of vertebral bones, which surrounds and protects the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. The vertebral arch part (posterior structure) of each vertebra forms a part of the spinal canal. When multiple vertebrae are connected together, these holes are arranged to form a continuous channel that runs through the entire spine.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 17 , an embodiment of the present application provides a rapid prototyping instrument set 100 for the intervertebral foramen 400, which is used for reaming and forming the intervertebral foramen 400 on the ventral side of the superior articular process 200 of the inferior vertebra. The set 100 includes: a tongue rod 10, a fixing needle 20, a trephine 30, and a protective sheath 40.

[0055] First, refer to Figures 10 - 17Understand the usage process of the rapid prototyping instrument set 100 for the intervertebral foramen 400.

[0056] Specifically, refer to Figure 10 and Figures 1 - 9 , the axial direction of the tongue depressor 10 is denoted as F1, which can be understood as the forward direction or the reverse direction. Figure 10 In, the left direction is the forward direction and the right direction is the reverse direction, and the forward direction corresponds to the feeding direction of the trephine 30. The head 14 of the tongue depressor 10 is smaller in volume than the rod body 13. The head 14 extends into the spinal canal 500 through the intervertebral foramen 400 and abuts against the ventral side of the superior articular process 200 eccentrically. Specifically, the tip 144 of the head 14 extends into the spinal canal 500 and pushes open the neuron 600, and the root 143 of the head 14 abuts against the ventral side of the superior articular process 200, as shown in Figure 10 , which is equivalent to the root 143 of the head 14 abutting against the lower end of the superior articular process 200.

[0057] Among them, eccentric abutment means that the position where the head 14 abuts against the lower end of the superior articular process 200 deviates from the axis T of the tongue depressor 10, which is mainly different from the positioning member of the non-tongue depressor 10 structure. In this embodiment, the root 143 of the tongue depressor 10 abuts against the superior articular process 200, and the trephine 30 is sleeved outside the tongue depressor 10 and rotates around the tongue depressor 10 for cutting. The cutting action area corresponds to the area from the front 142 of the root 143 of the tongue depressor 10 to the outer wall 32 of the trephine 30. Here, the eccentric abutment can be understood as that the structure of the tongue depressor 10 and the trephine 30 cooperate to obtain a better positioning effect and a sufficiently large cutting area, which can support one-time cutting to meet the size requirement of the intervertebral foramen 400 reaming, without the need for multiple steps, and thus realize the rapid and safe reaming and forming of the intervertebral foramen 400.

[0058] Refer to Figure 11 and Figures 1 - 9 , the fixing needle 20 penetrates through the middle hole 11 of the tongue depressor 10 along the axial direction F1 of the tongue depressor 10 and is screwed into the superior articular process 200 by rotation. Specifically, the tongue depressor 10 is provided with a middle hole 11 penetrating along the axis T. After the root 143 of the tongue depressor 10 abuts against the superior articular process 200 for positioning, the fixing needle 20 penetrates through the middle hole 11 of the tongue depressor 10 and is screwed into the superior articular process 200 by rotation, and then is fixed to the superior articular process 200.

[0059] Refer to Figure 12 and Figures 1 - 9 , the protection sheath 40 is an open groove structure. The protection sheath 40 slides into the intervertebral foramen 400 along the outside 12 of the tongue depressor 10 and pushes open the surrounding neurons 600. The function of the protection sheath 40 is to prevent accidental injury to the neurons 600 during the process of the trephine 30 entering the intervertebral foramen 400 in subsequent steps. The protection sheath 40 pushes open the neurons 600 to prevent the ring teeth 33 of the trephine 30 from damaging the neurons 600.

[0060] In addition to protecting the neuron 600, the protection sheath 40 also guides the arthroscope 300 during the subsequent entry of the arthroscope 300, preventing the doctor from losing the position of the intervertebral foramen 400 to enter after the tongue depressor 10 exits with the bone mass 210.

[0061] See Figure 13 and Figures 1 - 9 , the trephine 30 is sleeved outside the tongue depressor 10 at the outside 12 and is located between the tongue depressor 10 and the protection sheath 40, thereby preventing the trephine 30 from touching the neurons 600 inside and outside the intervertebral foramen 400 during the process of entering the intervertebral foramen 400 along the tongue depressor 10. It should be noted that Figure 13 only the neurons 600 are schematically shown outside the intervertebral foramen 400, but in reality, neurons 600 are distributed in the intervertebral foramen 400, outside the intervertebral foramen 400, and in the spinal canal 500. See the schematic diagram in Figure 9 .

[0062] See Figure 14 and Figures 1 - 9 , the trephine 30 feeds along the axial direction F1 of the tongue depressor 10 and rotates to cut the superior articular process 200. The purpose of cutting the superior articular process 200 is to expand the intervertebral foramen 400 so that the arthroscope 300 can enter the spinal canal 500 through the expanded intervertebral foramen 400. As the trephine 30 feeds along the axial direction F1 of the tongue depressor 10, the protection sheath 40 pushes aside the neurons 600 on the side, and the tip 144 of the tongue depressor 10 pushes aside the neurons 600 in the front.

[0063] See Figure 15 and Figures 1 - 9, the trephine 30 penetrates the superior articular process 200, and the bone block 210 that is threadedly fastened to the fixing pin 20 is separated in one step. The bone block 210 is separated from the superior articular process 200, but still maintains a fixed relationship with the fixing pin 20, and the tongue depressor 10 also still maintains a position relationship of abutting against the bone block 210. At this time, the task of the trephine 30 cutting the superior articular process 200 is completed. During the operation, there are two dangerous points at this time. One is that the doctor does not timely understand that the cutting has been completed and continues to feed the trephine 30, resulting in the trephine 30 accidentally injuring the neurons 600 in the spinal canal 500. The other is that the separated bone block 210 is subjected to a force pushing it into the spinal canal 500. If the bone block 210 runs into the spinal canal 500, it will also cause a serious medical accident. In this embodiment, first, since the fixing pin 20 is fixed to the bone block 210, when the bone block 210 has not been separated from the superior articular process 200, the fixing pin 20 is fixed to the superior articular process 200. After the bone block 210 is separated from the superior articular process 200, the fixing pin 20 is only fixed to the bone block 210. After the bone block 210 is separated from the superior articular process 200, it will rotate following the rotation of the trephine 30 under the action of friction. The rotation of the bone block 210 will drive the fixing pin 20 to rotate. Therefore, it is possible to judge whether the cutting of the bone block 210 is completed by observing whether the fixing pin 20 rotates. If it is completed, the feeding of the trephine 30 should be immediately stopped. Secondly, since the fixing pin 20 in this embodiment is fixed to the bone block 210, it is possible to prevent the bone block 210 from entering the spinal canal 500. Even if it enters, it can be withdrawn along with the fixing pin 20, thereby avoiding the separated bone block 210 entering the spinal canal 500 and causing an accident.

[0064] See Figure 16 and Figures 1 - 9 , the fixing pin 20 takes away the bone block 210 in the reverse direction to form an enlarged intervertebral foramen 400. The reverse direction refers to the direction opposite to the feeding direction of the trephine 30. In Figure 16 , it is equivalent to taking away the bone block 210 to the right. At the same time, the fixing pin 20, the trephine 30, and the tongue depressor 10 are also taken away with the bone block 210. Only the protection sheath 40 remains in the intervertebral foramen 400 to guide the subsequent arthroscope 300 or other surgical instruments to enter the spinal canal 500 through the intervertebral foramen 400.

[0065] See Figure 17 and Figures 1 - 9 , the arthroscope 300 is inserted into the spinal canal 500 through the enlarged intervertebral foramen 400 for observation. It can be understood that other situations where instruments need to enter the intervertebral foramen 400 and the spinal canal 500 can also be carried out according to the actual situation. The protection sheath 40 mainly plays a guiding role here to prevent other tissues of the human body from covering the intervertebral foramen 400, resulting in the doctor being unable to find the position of the intervertebral foramen 400 that has just been reamed.

[0066] Among them, the tongue depressor rod 10 adopts an eccentric and off-axis design and is used in cooperation with the trephine 30. The trephine 30 is sleeved on the outer side 12 of the tongue depressor rod 10. Since the trephine 30 is on the outside and the tongue depressor rod 10 is on the inside, a large-sized aperture can be flexibly adopted for the specification of the trephine 30, and a conical hole with a larger aperture can be formed in one step.

[0067] Specifically, the fixing needle 20 penetrates the middle hole 11 of the tongue depressor rod 10 and is screwed into the superior articular process 200 along the axial direction F1. A middle hole 11 penetrating along the axial direction F1 is provided at the center position of the tongue depressor rod 10. The fixing needle 20 passes through the middle hole 11 along the axial direction F1 and is screwed into the superior articular process 200 to be fixed to the superior articular process 200.

[0068] Since neurons 600 are distributed both inside and outside the intervertebral foramen 400, it is necessary to avoid touching and cutting the neurons 600, and also to avoid the bone block 210 cut from entering the intervertebral foramen 400 along the axial direction F1. The fixing needle 20 plays three roles here. First, it fixes the bone block 210 to facilitate the stable cutting of the trephine 30. Second, after the cutting is completed, the bone block 210 fixed to it can be taken away from the human body in the reverse direction to avoid the bone block 210 accidentally slipping into the spinal canal 500. Third, it is convenient to observe whether the cutting step of the trephine 30 is completed.

[0069] Specifically, the trephine 30 is sleeved on the outer side 12 of the tongue depressor rod 10 and rotates around the outer side 12 to cut the superior articular process 200. Here, the tongue depressor rod 10 not only plays a positioning role, making the trephine 30 sleeved on the outer side 12 of the tongue depressor rod 10 can rotate and cut stably in the target area, but also plays a role of a rotating shaft. The trephine 30 is sleeved on the outer side 12 of the tongue depressor rod 10, and the inner wall 31 of the trephine 30 is in sliding contact with the outer side 12 of the tongue depressor rod 10.

[0070] Specifically, the trephine 30 feeds along the axial direction F1 to penetrate the superior articular process 200, and a bone block 210 threadedly fastened to the fixing needle 20 is separated in one step. The fixing needle 20 takes away the bone block 210 in the reverse direction to complete the hole enlargement. The arthroscope 300 enters the spinal canal 500 through the enlarged intervertebral foramen 400. Among them, the trephine 30 rotates and cuts while feeding along the axial direction F1 until it penetrates the superior articular process 200.

[0071] When the trephine 30 is cutting, the tongue depressor rod 10 always remains in the abutting positioning position. Since the fixing needle 20 has been previously screwed into the superior articular process 200, and the fixing needle 20 passes through the middle hole 11 of the tongue depressor rod 10 and then is fixed to the superior articular process 200, it is equivalent to the fixing needle 20 limiting the tongue depressor rod 10 to a certain extent, avoiding the position where the tongue depressor rod 10 abuts against the superior articular process 200 from deviating randomly during the process of forceful cutting when the trephine 30 is cutting.

[0072] Since the trephine 30 is on the outer side 12 and the tongue depressor 10 is on the inner side, the doctor can select a trephine 30 with an appropriate aperture size according to the patient's condition during the operation, and complete the reaming of the intervertebral foramen 400 on the superior articular process 200 at one time, avoiding multiple replacements of trephines 30 with different aperture sizes to complete the reaming and forming step by step.

[0073] After the trephine 30 finishes cutting, the fixing needle 20 withdraws along the reverse direction of the feeding of the trephine 30, and at the same time takes away the bone block 210 fixed thereto, completing the reaming and forming.

[0074] More preferably, when the trephine 30 rotates and cuts the superior articular process 200, the trephine 30 rotates relative to the superior articular process 200, and thus rotates relative to the fixing needle 20; after the trephine 30 penetrates the superior articular process 200 and separates the bone block 210, the trephine 30 drives the bone block 210 to rotate, and thus is relatively stationary with respect to the fixing needle 20.

[0075] Since the trephine 30 rotates and cuts the superior articular process 200, the trephine 30 rotates relative to the superior articular process 200, and the superior articular process 200 is fixed to the fixing needle 20, so the trephine 30 rotates relative to the fixing needle 20. When the trephine 30 penetrates the superior articular process 200 and separates the bone block 210, for the bone block 210, it is an independent separated entity, remains in contact with the inner wall 31 of the trephine 30, and is separated from the superior articular process 200. If the trephine 30 continues to rotate, the separated bone block 210 will rotate following the trephine 30 under the action of friction. At this time, since the separated bone block 210 is still fixed to the fixing needle 20 and the bone block 210 rotates with the trephine 30, it is equivalent to the fixing needle 20 rotating with the trephine 30, so the fixing needle 20 is relatively stationary with respect to the trephine 30. By judging whether the fixing needle 20 rotates with the trephine 30, it can be judged whether the trephine 30 penetrates the superior articular process 200. Furthermore, it is possible to avoid the trephine 30 extending into the intervertebral foramen 400 to compress or cut the neuron 600.

[0076] More preferably, the tongue depressor 10 includes: a rod body 13 and a head 14.

[0077] Specifically, the rod body 13 extends along the axial direction F1, and the axis T penetrates to form the middle hole 11. The rod body 13 is cylindrical, and the middle hole 11 penetrates through the center position of the rod body 13. The cross section of the rod body 13 is annular, and the fixing needle 20 extends through the middle hole 11 to be fixed to the superior articular process 200. The head 14 is integrally formed at one end of the rod body 13, and when observed along the axial direction F1, the head 14 deviates from the axis T of the rod body 13.

[0078] Specifically, the trephine 30 is sleeved outside the rod body 13. When the trephine 30 rotates to cut the superior articular process 200, the head 14 remains stationary relative to the superior articular process 200, the trephine 30 rotates relative to the rod body 13, and the rod body 13 remains stationary relative to the head 14 and thus remains stationary relative to the superior articular process 200. After the trephine 30 penetrates the superior articular process 200 to separate the bone block 210, the trephine 30 drives the bone block 210 to rotate, and the bone block 210 drives the head 14 and the fixing needle 20 to rotate. Among them, when it is observed that the fixing needle 20 rotates with the trephine 30, it is determined that the separation step of the bone block 210 is completed, and the rotation of the trephine 30 is immediately stopped to prevent the head 14 from losing its positioning position as the bone block 210 rotates.

[0079] Preferably, one end of the fixing needle 20 screwed into the bone block 210 is denoted as the front end 21, and the other end is denoted as the rear end 22. The front end 21 is provided with a first phase mark. When the trephine 30 rotates to cut the superior articular process 200, observe whether the first phase mark rotates to determine whether the separation step of the bone block 210 is completed. If so, immediately stop the rotation of the trephine 30.

[0080] Specifically, the front end 21 of the fixing needle 20 is screwed into the superior articular process 200 and fixed thereto; the rear end 22 is provided with a first phase mark for observing the cutting process. The trephine 30 rotates on the outside 12 of the duck tongue rod 10 and gradually cuts the superior articular process 200. During this process, the fixing needle 20 is always fixed to the bone block 210, and the trephine 30 rotates relative to the superior articular process 200 and the fixing needle 20. When the trephine 30 penetrates the superior articular process 200 and the bone block 210 is completely cut off, the bone block 210 separates from the overall superior articular process 200 and becomes an independent part. Since the trephine 30 continues to rotate, the bone block 210 will also rotate under the frictional force of the inner wall 31 of the trephine 30. If it is observed that the rear end 22 of the fixing needle 20 (i.e., the end provided with the first phase mark) begins to rotate with the trephine 30, it indicates that the bone block 210 has separated and is rotating with the trephine 30. This means that the cutting work of the trephine 30 has been completed, and at this time, the rotation of the trephine 30 needs to be immediately stopped to prevent the trephine 30 from continuing to cut deeply and accidentally injuring the neurons 600 in the intervertebral foramen 400.

[0081] Among them, the first phase mark can be a notch formed on the tail, or a color mark coated on the tail, or other components for other marking functions. In this embodiment, the handle 42 of the fixing needle 20 is used as the first phase mark.

[0082] Preferably, the head 14 includes: a root of the tongue 143 and a tip of the tongue 144. The root of the tongue 143 is connected to the rod body 13. When observed along the vertical axis F1, the root of the tongue 143 is abutted and positioned against the ventral side of the superior articular process 200. The tip of the tongue 144 is connected to the root of the tongue 143 and is located on the side of the root of the tongue 143 away from the rod body 13. The tip of the tongue 144 extends into the spinal canal 500 through the intervertebral foramen 400 and pushes open the neuron 600 in the spinal canal 500.

[0083] Preferably, the head 14 includes: a back surface 141 and a front surface 142.

[0084] Specifically, the back surface 141 is the surface that contacts the inner wall 31 of the trephine 30. The front surface 142 is the surface that is abutted and positioned against one side of the superior articular process 200 in the vertical axis F1F1. See Figure 6 , when observed along the axis F1, the position where the front surface 142 contacts the superior articular process 200 deviates from the axis T of the rod body 13; the axis of the rod body 13 deviates from the area enclosed by the back surface 141 and the front surface 142.

[0085] Specifically, the back surface 141 is the surface of the duck tongue rod 10 that contacts the inner wall 31 of the trephine 30. A sliding contact is maintained between the back surface 141 and the trephine 30, enabling the trephine 30 to rotate stably around the duck tongue rod 10 during cutting. The front surface 142 is the position where the duck tongue rod 10 abuts against one side of the superior articular process 200 in the direction perpendicular to the axis F1, and is used to stably position the superior articular process 200 during the cutting process. The axis F1 refers to the direction along the central axis of the duck tongue rod 10. When observed along the axis F1, the position where the front surface 142 of the duck tongue rod 10 contacts the superior articular process 200 deviates from the axis T of the rod body 13. That is to say, the front surface 142 is not exactly aligned with the center of the rod body 13, but eccentrically contacts one side of the superior articular process 200.

[0086] Preferably, the other end of the rod body 13 opposite to the head 14 is denoted as the tail. When observed along the axis F1, a second phase mark is formed on the symmetry line perpendicular to the front surface 142 at the tail. When the duck tongue rod 10 is abutted and positioned against one side of the superior articular process 200, it is determined whether the front surface 142 abuts against one side of the superior articular process 200 through the second phase mark, so as to avoid damaging the neurons 600 outside the target area when the trephine 30 is sleeved on the duck tongue rod 10.

[0087] The second phase mark can be a notch formed on the tail, or a color mark coated on the tail, or other components for other marking functions. In this embodiment, a colored notch is used as the second phase mark (not shown in the figure).

[0088] Specifically, the head 14 is the side of the duck tongue bar 10 that contacts and positions the superior articular process 200. The tail has a second phase mark that is used to provide visual assistance during surgery to ensure that the duck tongue bar 10 is correctly positioned. During surgery, the duck tongue bar 10 needs to be accurately positioned against one side of the superior articular process 200. In order to ensure that the front side 142 of the duck tongue bar 10 always maintains correct contact with the superior articular process 200 during the entire process, the second phase mark can be used as a reference point to help the doctor determine whether the direction of the duck tongue bar 10 is correct.

[0089] When the trephine saw 30 is inserted into the duck tongue stick 10 for cutting, if the duck tongue stick 10 is in the wrong direction, the trephine saw 30 may deviate from the target area and cut the area outside the superior articular process 200. The second phase mark is designed to avoid this situation and ensure the correct direction through simple visual confirmation.

[0090] More preferably, the protective sheath 40 includes a slide groove 41 and a handle 42 .

[0091] Specifically, the shape of the slide groove 41 is adapted to the shape of the outer wall 32 of the ring saw 30, and forms an open opening 411. The handle 42 is connected to the slide groove 41 and is located on a side away from the open opening 411; when inserted into the intervertebral foramen 400, the direction of the open opening 411 is consistent with the direction of the second phase mark when viewed along the axial direction F1.

[0092] The second phase mark indicates the position where the front face 142 of the duck tongue bar 10 contacts the superior articular process 200. The direction of the open opening 411 is consistent with this mark, ensuring that the direction of insertion of the protective sheath 40 is consistent with the positioning of the intervertebral foramen 400 without causing additional pressure or damage to the surrounding nerves or bone structures.

[0093] Preferably, the end of the trephine 30 for cutting the superior articular process 200 is formed with a ring tooth 33, and the other end is movably connected with a trephine handle 34. The front end 21 of the fixing needle 20 is formed with a threaded drill bit 211, and the rear end 22 is movably connected with a positioning needle handle 221, one end of the positioning needle handle 221 is connected to the fixing needle 20, and the other end extends linearly in one direction, which plays the role of a first phase mark.

[0094] Specifically, the ring teeth 33 are located at one end of the ring saw 30 for cutting the superior articular process 200, and are the key part of the ring saw 30 to achieve the cutting function. The other end of the ring saw 30 is movably connected to a ring saw handle 34, so that the doctor can conveniently control the rotation and cutting of the ring saw 30. The head 14 of the fixing pin 20 is provided with a threaded drill bit 211, so that the fixing pin 20 can be screwed into the superior articular process 200 and is tightly connected to the bone block 210.

[0095] Thus, the tongue-shaped rod 10 with an eccentric and offset structure abuts against and is positioned at the ventral side of the superior articular process 200, and then the trephine 30 rotates and cuts around the outer side 12 of the tongue-shaped rod 10, so as to rapidly form an enlarged foramen of the intervertebral foramen 400 in one step. And the fixing needle 20 is threadedly fastened to the superior articular process 200, which is convenient for the trephine 30 to stably cut the bone mass 210 during cutting. After cutting is completed, the fixing needle 20 takes away the bone mass 210 in the reverse direction, avoiding the bone mass 210 from entering the spinal canal 500 and damaging the neurons 600 in the spinal canal 500. Thus, the one-step forming of the enlarged foramen of the intervertebral foramen 400 is realized, and at the same time, the damage to the surrounding neurons 600 is avoided.

[0096] The above-described embodiments only represent several embodiments of the present application. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation to the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A set of intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instruments, which is used for reaming and forming the intervertebral foramen on the ventral side of the superior articular process of the inferior vertebra, and is characterized in that, The set includes: A tongue-shaped rod, whose head extends into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen and abuts against the ventral side of the superior articular process eccentrically; A fixing pin, which penetrates the central hole of the tongue-shaped rod along the axial direction of the tongue-shaped rod and is screwed into the superior articular process by rotation; A protective sheath, which slides into the intervertebral foramen along the outer side of the tongue-shaped rod and pushes aside the surrounding neurons; A trephine, which is sleeved on the outer side of the tongue-shaped rod and is located between the tongue-shaped rod and the protective sheath, and feeds along the axial direction of the tongue-shaped rod, rotates and cuts through the superior articular process, and separates a bone block that is threadedly fastened to the fixing pin in one step. The fixing pin takes away the bone block in the reverse direction to expand the intervertebral foramen, and the arthroscope probes into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen for observation.

2. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument set according to claim 1, wherein, The tongue-shaped rod includes: A rod body, which extends along the axial direction, and a central hole is formed through the axis; A head, which is integrally formed at one end of the rod body, and when observed along the axial direction, the head deviates from the axis of the rod body; when observed along the direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the head that deviates from the axis abuts against the ventral side of the superior articular process for positioning.

3. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument set according to claim 2, characterized in that, The head includes: A tongue root, which is connected to the rod body, and when observed along the direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the tongue root abuts against the ventral side of the superior articular process for positioning; A tongue tip, which is connected to the tongue root and is located on the side of the tongue root away from the rod body. The tongue tip extends into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen and pushes aside the neurons in the spinal canal.

4. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument set according to claim 1, wherein When the trephine rotates and cuts the superior articular process, the trephine rotates relative to the superior articular process, and thus rotates relative to the fixing pin; after the trephine penetrates the superior articular process and separates the bone block, the trephine drives the bone block to rotate, and thus is relatively stationary with the fixing pin.

5. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument set according to claim 4, wherein When the trephine rotates and cuts the superior articular process, the tongue-shaped rod is stationary relative to the superior articular process, and the trephine rotates relative to the tongue-shaped rod; After the trephine penetrates the superior articular process and separates the bone block, the trephine drives the bone block to rotate relative to the superior articular process under the action of friction, and the bone block drives the tongue-shaped rod and the fixing pin that abut against it to rotate. Among them, When it is observed that the fixing pin rotates with the trephine, it is determined that the bone block separation step is completed, and the feeding of the trephine is immediately stopped to avoid the trephine extending into the spinal canal and damaging the neurons.

6. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument set according to claim 1, wherein One end of the fixing pin screwed into the bone block is denoted as the front end, and the other end is denoted as the rear end. The rear end is provided with a first phase mark; When the trephine rotates and cuts the superior articular process, observe whether the first phase mark rotates to determine whether the bone block separation step is completed. If so, immediately stop rotating the trephine.

7. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument set according to claim 2, wherein The head further includes: A back surface, which is the surface in contact with the inner wall of the trephine; A front surface, which is the surface that abuts against the superior articular process for positioning. When observed along the axial direction, the position where the front surface contacts the superior articular process deviates from the axis of the rod body, and the axis of the rod body deviates from the area surrounded by the back surface and the front surface.

8. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument set according to claim 7, wherein The other end of the rod body opposite to the head is denoted as the tail end. When observed along the axial direction, the tail end forms a second phase mark on the symmetry line perpendicular to the front surface; When the duck tongue stick is in contact with the ventral side of the superior articular process, the second phase mark is used to determine whether the front side is in contact with the superior articular process, so as to avoid damaging neurons outside the target area when the ring saw is inserted into the duck tongue stick.

9. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument set according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective sheath comprises: The shape of the slide is adapted to the outer wall shape of the ring saw and forms an open opening. The handle is connected to the slide groove and is located on the side away from the open opening; when the ring saw is axially inserted into the duck tongue stick, the ring saw is located between the slide groove and the duck tongue stick.

10. The intervertebral foramen rapid prototyping instrument kit according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the trephine for cutting the superior articular process is formed with a ring tooth, and the other end is movably connected with a trephine handle; One end of the fixing needle screwed into the superior articular process is formed with a threaded drill bit, and the other end is movably connected with a fixing needle handle, one end of the fixing needle handle is connected to the fixing needle, and the other end extends linearly in one direction.

Images