Safety monitoring and early warning device for power transmission tower

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety monitoring and early warning device for a power transmission tower. The device comprises a plurality of fiber bragg grating temperature sensors, a plurality of fiber bragg grating strain sensors, a strain monitoring optical cable, a temperature monitoring optical cable and a monitoring and early warning terminal, according to the characteristics that a fiber grating sensor is resistant to corrosion and not prone to being radiated by the surrounding environment, the fiber grating sensor serves as a temperature sensor and a stress sensor of the power transmission tower, and a first center wavelength caused by temperature change and a second center wavelength caused by stress strain are collected; the current temperature change value and the current stress-strain value are calculated according to the first central wavelength and the second central wavelength, and finally early warning is performed on the outside according to the temperature change value and the stress-strain value, so that the defect that long-term stable monitoring cannot be performed due to the use of a strain gauge in the prior art is effectively avoided, and the monitoring error is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of iron tower early warning, and in particular to a safety monitoring and early warning device for a power transmission iron tower. Background Art

[0002] Transmission towers are an important part of the power system, and their structural safety is directly related to the stable operation of the power grid. Tower safety monitoring and early warning technology is essential to prevent potential failures of transmission towers and ensure their long-term stability.

[0003] In the prior art, strain gauges are usually installed on the strain monitoring device of the transmission tower. After being irradiated by laser, the strain gauges generate backscattered signals carrying strain information, which are transmitted to related devices for demodulation, thereby achieving strain measurement of the transmission tower. However, since the strain gauges themselves have low durability and are easily affected by humidity, temperature and radiation from chemicals in the surrounding environment, the performance of the strain gauges themselves is reduced, which in turn makes it impossible to perform long-term and stable monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a transmission iron tower safety monitoring and early warning device, which can perform long-term stable monitoring and early warning of the outside world according to temperature change values ​​and stress strain values.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device, comprising: a plurality of fiber grating temperature sensors, a plurality of fiber grating strain sensors, a strain monitoring optical cable, a temperature monitoring optical cable and a monitoring and early warning terminal;

[0006] The strain monitoring optical cable and the temperature monitoring optical cable are respectively pasted on the two side surfaces of the iron tower to be measured, the plurality of fiber grating temperature sensors are sequentially installed on the temperature monitoring optical cable at a preset interval, and the plurality of fiber grating strain sensors are sequentially installed on the strain monitoring optical cable at a preset interval, each fiber grating temperature sensor corresponds to a fiber grating strain sensor, and each fiber grating temperature sensor and each fiber grating strain sensor corresponds to a monitoring point of the iron tower to be measured;

[0007] Each of the above fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors collects the temperature center wavelength corresponding to the above monitoring point at the current temperature;

[0008] Each of the above fiber grating strain sensors collects the strain center wavelength corresponding to the above monitoring point under the current stress;

[0009] The monitoring and early warning terminal calculates the temperature change values ​​and stress-strain values ​​of the monitoring points at the current moment based on the temperature center wavelengths and the strain center wavelengths; outputs the early warning level of the tower to be tested based on the temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values, and issues an early warning.

[0010] Furthermore, the strain monitoring optical cable and the temperature monitoring optical cable are covered with a protective box;

[0011] The surface gap between the protection box and the iron tower to be tested is coated with sealant.

[0012] Furthermore, the monitoring and early warning terminal calculates a number of temperature change values ​​and a number of stress and strain values ​​of the number of monitoring points at the current moment according to the number of temperature center wavelengths and the number of strain center wavelengths, including:

[0013] Obtaining coefficient data of the fiber Bragg grating; wherein the coefficient data includes: effective elastic-optic coefficient, thermal expansion coefficient, thermo-optic coefficient, stress-strain sensitivity coefficient and temperature sensitivity coefficient;

[0014] According to the above coefficient data, temperature center wavelength and strain center wavelength, a temperature-strain differential equation is constructed;

[0015] According to the above temperature-strain differential equation, the above temperature change value and stress-strain value are calculated;

[0016] Among them, the above temperature strain differential equation is:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, represents the temperature center wavelength, represents the rate of change of the central wavelength at temperature, p e represents the effective elastic-optic coefficient, Δε represents the stress-strain value, α represents the thermal expansion coefficient, ζ represents the thermo-optic coefficient, and ΔT represents the temperature change value. represents the strain center wavelength, Indicates the rate of change of the central wavelength of the strain, K ε Represents stress-strain sensitivity coefficient, K T Represents the temperature sensitivity coefficient.

[0019] Furthermore, the outputting of the warning level of the tower to be tested according to the temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values ​​includes:

[0020] The temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values ​​are input into a preset warning model, so that the preset warning model compares the temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values ​​with the preset warning level change thresholds, and outputs the warning level according to the comparison results.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes: a cloud server, an optical fiber monitoring and demodulation device arranged in an explosion-proof chassis, a DTU transparent transmission module, and a data processing and transmission module;

[0022] The optical fiber monitoring demodulation device is used to demodulate the plurality of the temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of the strain center wavelengths into electrical signals and transmit them to the data processing and transmission module;

[0023] The data processing and transmission module is used to transmit the plurality of temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of strain center wavelengths to the DTU transparent transmission module in the form of electrical signals;

[0024] The DTU transparent transmission module is used to transmit the temperature center wavelengths and the strain center wavelengths to the cloud server using a 4G base station;

[0025] The cloud server is used to store the plurality of temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of strain center wavelengths.

[0026] Furthermore, a battery and an energy storage power supply controller are also provided in the above-mentioned explosion-proof chassis;

[0027] The above-mentioned storage battery is used to power the above-mentioned optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment, the above-mentioned DTU transparent transmission module, the above-mentioned data processing and transmission module and the above-mentioned energy storage power supply controller;

[0028] The energy storage power supply controller is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery according to the load requirements of the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment, the DTU transparent transmission module and the data processing and transmission module.

[0029] Further, it also includes: a solar charging module;

[0030] The solar charging module is used to convert the acquired solar energy into electrical energy, and use the electrical energy to charge the battery.

[0031] Furthermore, it also includes: lightning rods, monitoring poles and galvanized steel pipes for wiring;

[0032] The monitoring pole is vertically fixed on a cement mold containing a ground cage embedded part, the explosion-proof chassis and the solar charging module are fixed on the monitoring pole through a clamp, the lightning rod is fixed on the top of the monitoring pole, the galvanized wiring steel pipe is located between the iron tower to be tested and the monitoring pole, and is buried underground at a preset depth;

[0033] After being led out from the iron tower to be tested, the strain monitoring optical cable and the temperature monitoring optical cable pass through the galvanized wiring steel pipe and the monitoring pole, and are connected to the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment.

[0034] Further, it also includes: a grounding flat iron;

[0035] The above-mentioned grounding flat iron is fixed to the bottom of the above-mentioned monitoring pole;

[0036] The above-mentioned grounding flat iron is used to guide the excess current on the above-mentioned monitoring pole to the ground.

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The invention provides a safety monitoring and early warning device for a power transmission tower. The device comprises a plurality of fiber grating temperature sensors, a plurality of fiber grating strain sensors, a strain monitoring optical cable, a temperature monitoring optical cable and a monitoring and early warning terminal. The strain monitoring optical cable and the temperature monitoring optical cable are respectively pasted on the two side surfaces of the tower to be tested, the plurality of fiber grating temperature sensors are sequentially installed on the temperature monitoring optical cable at a preset interval, the plurality of fiber grating strain sensors are sequentially installed on the strain monitoring optical cable at a preset interval, each fiber grating temperature sensor corresponds to a fiber grating strain sensor, and each fiber grating temperature sensor and each fiber grating strain sensor correspond to a monitoring point of the tower to be tested. Each fiber grating temperature sensor collects a temperature center wavelength corresponding to the monitoring point at the current temperature. Each fiber grating strain sensor collects a strain center wavelength corresponding to the monitoring point under the current stress. The monitoring and early warning terminal calculates a plurality of temperature change values ​​and a plurality of stress and strain values ​​of the plurality of monitoring points at the current moment according to the plurality of temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of strain center wavelengths. The early warning level of the tower to be tested is output according to the plurality of temperature change values ​​and the plurality of stress and strain values ​​to issue an early warning. Therefore, the present invention utilizes the unique corrosion resistance and susceptibility to radiation from the surrounding environment of the fiber Bragg grating sensor, and uses the fiber Bragg grating sensor as a temperature sensor and a stress sensor of the transmission tower, collects the first central wavelength caused by temperature change and the second central wavelength caused by stress and strain, and then calculates the current temperature change value and stress and strain value based on the first central wavelength and the second central wavelength. Finally, an early warning is issued to the outside world based on the temperature change value and the stress and strain value, effectively avoiding the disadvantage of the inability to perform long-term stable monitoring due to the use of strain gauges in the prior art, and reducing monitoring errors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a power transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a FBG sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the fiber Bragg grating quasi-distributed measurement principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: monitoring and early warning terminal 1, explosion-proof chassis 2, solar charging module 3, fiber grating temperature sensor 4, fiber grating strain sensor 5, cloud server 6, 4G base station 7, lightning rod 8, monitoring pole 9, grounding flat iron 10, galvanized wiring steel pipe 11, strain monitoring optical cable 12, temperature monitoring optical cable 13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, a transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device provided by one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a plurality of fiber grating temperature sensors 4, a plurality of fiber grating strain sensors 5, a strain monitoring optical cable 12, a temperature monitoring optical cable 13 and a monitoring and early warning terminal 1;

[0045] The strain monitoring optical cable 12 and the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 are respectively fixed on the two side surfaces of the iron tower to be measured, the plurality of fiber grating temperature sensors 4 are sequentially installed on the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 at a preset interval, and the plurality of fiber grating strain sensors 5 are sequentially installed on the strain monitoring optical cable 12 at a preset interval, each fiber grating temperature sensor 4 corresponds to a fiber grating strain sensor 5, and each fiber grating temperature sensor 4 and each fiber grating strain sensor 5 corresponds to a monitoring point of the iron tower to be measured;

[0046] Each of the fiber grating temperature sensors 4 collects the temperature center wavelength corresponding to the monitoring point at the current temperature;

[0047] Each of the above fiber grating strain sensors 5 collects the strain center wavelength corresponding to the above monitoring point under the current stress;

[0048] The monitoring and early warning terminal 1 calculates the temperature change values ​​and stress-strain values ​​of the monitoring points at the current moment based on the temperature center wavelengths and the strain center wavelengths; outputs the early warning level of the tower to be tested based on the temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values, and issues an early warning.

[0049] Specifically, each monitoring point corresponds to a pair of temperature center wavelength and strain center wavelength.

[0050] Specifically, the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 4 and the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5 are both FBG sensors (fiber Bragg grating sensors).

[0051] Schematically, the FBG sensor principle is as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, FBG is a wavelength modulation sensor. When the light wave in the fiber grating encounters the Bragg fiber grating, the light that meets the fiber grating Bragg diffraction condition will be reflected back, and the wavelength is the central wavelength λ B , the rest of the wavelengths of light will pass through without being affected, and the reflection spectrum is at the FBG center wavelength λ B A peak will appear at , where the relationship between the central wavelength and the sensor parameters is shown in the following equation:

[0052] λ B =2n eff ·Λ

[0053] In the formula, λ B represents the central wavelength, n eff represents the effective refractive index of the FBG sensor core, and Λ represents the grating pitch of the FBG sensor.

[0054] Specifically, when the fiber Bragg grating in the FBG sensor is subjected to temperature changes or stress and strain, the physical length of the grating will change, resulting in a change in the grating pitch; temperature changes will affect the above-mentioned effective refractive index and grating pitch. An increase in temperature usually causes the optical fiber to expand, thereby increasing the grating pitch, causing the Bragg wavelength to move toward the long-wave direction. Conversely, a decrease in temperature will cause the optical fiber to contract, reduce the grating pitch, and move the Bragg wavelength toward the short-wave direction. Mechanical stress will also affect the Bragg wavelength: when the optical fiber is axially stretched or compressed, the grating pitch will change, causing the Bragg wavelength to change accordingly. Therefore, the above-mentioned effective refractive index and grating pitch will cause the Bragg wavelength of the FBG to change due to changes in external conditions, so this characteristic of the FBG sensor can be used to monitor temperature and stress and strain.

[0055] Specifically, based on the above, combined with the wavelength encoding characteristics of FBG sensors, fiber Bragg gratings with different central wavelengths can be written at any position of the same fiber Bragg grating, and wavelength division multiplexing technology can be used to form a quasi-distributed sensing network. This characteristic of FBG enables multi-point quasi-distributed measurements to be performed within the entire range of the tower.

[0056] Schematically, the principle of quasi-distributed measurement of fiber Bragg grating is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0057] Specifically, the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 4, the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5, the strain monitoring optical cable 12, the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 and the armored fiber Bragg gratings at both ends are adhered to the metal surface of the tower using Antegu Z114 instant adhesive, and then the 3MDP420BlackAB epoxy resin structural adhesive with high viscosity, high strength, durability and good heat resistance is applied to the surface of the above-mentioned strain monitoring optical cable 12 and the above-mentioned temperature monitoring optical cable 13 so that they can be tightly fitted and fixed to the surface of the tower.

[0058] Preferably, fixing is performed by gluing, so that the sensor and the monitoring optical cable are easy to install on the tower without causing damage or destruction to the tower structure itself.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the strain monitoring optical cable 12 and the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 are covered with a protective box;

[0060] The surface gap between the protection box and the iron tower to be tested is coated with sealant.

[0061] Specifically, a waterproof and high-resistance fiber grating protection box is used to cover the outside of the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 and the strain monitoring optical cable 12, and a strong and high-viscosity MS sealant is used to coat the gap between the protection box and the tower surface.

[0062] Preferably, a protective box is covered on the outside of the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 and the strain monitoring optical cable 12, and a sealant is used to coat the gap between the protective box and the surface of the tower, so as to provide all-round protection for the strain monitoring optical cable 12 and the temperature monitoring optical cable 13, so that they can adapt to the harsh environment in the field during the monitoring period.

[0063] In this embodiment, a protective box is used to cover the strain monitoring optical cable 12 and the temperature monitoring optical cable 13, and a sealant is used to coat the gap between the protective box and the surface of the tower.

[0064] In another preferred embodiment, the monitoring and early warning terminal 1 calculates a number of temperature change values ​​and a number of stress and strain values ​​of the number of monitoring points at the current moment according to the number of temperature center wavelengths and the number of strain center wavelengths, including:

[0065] Obtaining coefficient data of the fiber Bragg grating; wherein the coefficient data includes: effective elastic-optic coefficient, thermal expansion coefficient, thermo-optic coefficient, stress-strain sensitivity coefficient and temperature sensitivity coefficient;

[0066] According to the above coefficient data, temperature center wavelength and strain center wavelength, a temperature-strain differential equation is constructed;

[0067] According to the above temperature-strain differential equation, the above temperature change value and stress-strain value are calculated;

[0068] Among them, the above temperature strain differential equation is:

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, represents the temperature center wavelength, represents the rate of change of the central wavelength at temperature, p e represents the effective elastic-optic coefficient, Δε represents the stress-strain value, α represents the thermal expansion coefficient, ζ represents the thermo-optic coefficient, and ΔT represents the temperature change value. represents the strain center wavelength, Indicates the rate of change of the central wavelength of the strain, K ε Represents stress-strain sensitivity coefficient, K T Represents the temperature sensitivity coefficient.

[0071] Specifically, when the FBG sensor parameters remain unchanged, the stress-strain sensitivity coefficient and the temperature sensitivity coefficient are usually constants.

[0072] Specifically, the pair of temperature center wavelength and strain center wavelength belonging to the same monitoring point is substituted into the above temperature-strain differential equation, and the known coefficient data is used to solve the stress-strain value and temperature change value corresponding to this monitoring point. For all monitoring points on the tower to be tested, the same solution is performed to obtain a number of stress-strain values ​​and a number of temperature change values.

[0073] In this preferred embodiment, a temperature-strain differential equation is constructed based on coefficient data, temperature center wavelength and strain center wavelength, and then the temperature change value and stress-strain value corresponding to each monitoring point at the current moment are calculated based on the temperature-strain differential equation.

[0074] In another preferred embodiment, the outputting of the warning level of the iron tower to be tested according to the plurality of the temperature change values ​​and the plurality of the stress and strain values ​​comprises:

[0075] The temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values ​​are input into a preset warning model, so that the preset warning model compares the temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values ​​with the preset warning level change thresholds, and outputs the warning level according to the comparison results.

[0076] Specifically, if the above temperature change value and stress-strain value do not exceed the preset warning level change threshold, no alarm will be issued.

[0077] In this preferred embodiment, it also includes: a cloud server 6, an optical fiber monitoring and demodulation device (not shown in the figure) arranged in the explosion-proof chassis 2, a DTU transparent transmission module (not shown in the figure) and a data processing and transmission module (not shown in the figure);

[0078] The optical fiber monitoring demodulation device is used to demodulate the plurality of the temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of the strain center wavelengths into electrical signals and transmit them to the data processing and transmission module;

[0079] The data processing and transmission module is used to transmit the plurality of temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of strain center wavelengths to the DTU transparent transmission module in the form of electrical signals;

[0080] The DTU transparent transmission module is used to transmit the temperature center wavelengths and the strain center wavelengths to the cloud server 6 using the 4G base station 7;

[0081] The cloud server 6 is used to store a plurality of the temperature center wavelengths and a plurality of the strain center wavelengths.

[0082] Specifically, the data processing and transmission module transmits the temperature center wavelength and the strain center wavelength to the DTU transparent transmission module in the form of electrical signals via RS-485.

[0083] In this preferred embodiment, the temperature center wavelength and the strain center wavelength are transmitted from the sensor to the cloud server 6 for storage through the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment, the DTU transparent transmission module and the data processing and transmission module in the explosion-proof chassis 2.

[0084] In another preferred embodiment, the explosion-proof chassis 2 is further provided with a battery (not shown in the figure) and an energy storage power supply controller (not shown in the figure);

[0085] The above-mentioned storage battery is used to power the above-mentioned optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment, the above-mentioned DTU transparent transmission module, the above-mentioned data processing and transmission module and the above-mentioned energy storage power supply controller;

[0086] The energy storage power supply controller is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery according to the load requirements of the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment, the DTU transparent transmission module and the data processing and transmission module.

[0087] Preferably, by arranging a battery and an energy storage power supply controller in the explosion-proof chassis 2, self-sufficiency of power supply is achieved without the need for external power supply, which greatly expands the use scenarios of the monitoring system.

[0088] In this preferred embodiment, the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment, DTU transparent transmission module, data processing and transmission module and energy storage power supply controller in the explosion-proof chassis 2 are powered by a battery, and the charging and discharging of the battery is controlled by the energy storage power supply controller.

[0089] In another preferred embodiment, it further comprises: a solar charging module 3;

[0090] The solar charging module 3 is used to convert the acquired solar energy into electrical energy, and use the electrical energy to charge the battery.

[0091] Preferably, the solar charging module 3 can charge the battery autonomously without the need for additional charging equipment.

[0092] In this preferred embodiment, a solar charging module 3 is provided to charge the storage battery.

[0093] In another preferred embodiment, it also includes: a lightning rod 8, a monitoring pole 9 and a galvanized wiring steel pipe 11;

[0094] The monitoring pole 9 is vertically fixed on a cement mold containing a ground cage embedded part, the explosion-proof chassis 2 and the solar charging module 3 are fixed on the monitoring pole 9 by a clamp, the lightning rod 8 is fixed on the top of the monitoring pole 9, and the galvanized wiring steel pipe 11 is located between the iron tower to be tested and the monitoring pole 9, and is buried underground at a preset depth;

[0095] After being led out from the iron tower to be tested, the strain monitoring optical cable 12 and the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 pass through the galvanized wiring steel pipe 11 and the monitoring pole 9, and are connected to the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment.

[0096] Specifically, the above preset burial depth is 1m.

[0097] Preferably, by fixing the lightning rod 8 on the top of the monitoring pole 9, it is possible to effectively prevent lightning from directly hitting the monitoring pole 9, thereby reducing the risk of fire, structural damage or damage to equipment on the monitoring pole 9 caused by lightning strikes.

[0098] Preferably, the galvanized wiring steel pipe 11 can effectively protect the strain monitoring optical cable 12 and the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 from mechanical damage, friction, chemical corrosion and external environmental influences, thereby extending their service life.

[0099] In this preferred embodiment, the equipment on the monitoring pole 9 is protected by the lightning rod 8, and the strain monitoring optical cable 12 and the temperature monitoring optical cable 13 are protected by the galvanized wiring steel pipe 11.

[0100] In another preferred embodiment, it further comprises: a grounding flat iron 10;

[0101] The grounding flat iron 10 is fixed at the bottom of the monitoring pole 9;

[0102] The grounding flat iron 10 is used to guide the excess current on the monitoring pole 9 to the ground.

[0103] In this preferred embodiment, the excess current on the monitoring pole 9 is guided to the ground through the grounding flat iron 10.

[0104] By implementing the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, long-term stable monitoring and early warning of the outside world can be carried out according to temperature change values ​​and stress-strain values.

[0105] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also regarded as protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device, characterized in that: include: Several fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors, several fiber Bragg grating strain sensors, strain monitoring optical cables, temperature monitoring optical cables and monitoring and early warning terminals; The strain monitoring optical cable and the temperature monitoring optical cable are respectively fixed on the two side surfaces of the iron tower to be measured, the plurality of fiber grating temperature sensors are sequentially installed on the temperature monitoring optical cable at a preset interval, the plurality of fiber grating strain sensors are sequentially installed on the strain monitoring optical cable at a preset interval, each fiber grating temperature sensor corresponds to a fiber grating strain sensor, each fiber grating temperature sensor and each fiber grating strain sensor corresponds to a monitoring point of the iron tower to be measured; Each of the fiber grating temperature sensors collects the temperature center wavelength of the corresponding monitoring point at the current temperature; Each of the fiber grating strain sensors collects the strain center wavelength of the corresponding monitoring point under the current stress; The monitoring and early warning terminal calculates a number of temperature change values ​​and a number of stress-strain values ​​of a number of the monitoring points at the current moment according to a number of the temperature center wavelengths and a number of the strain center wavelengths; outputs the early warning level of the tower to be tested according to the number of the temperature change values ​​and the number of the stress-strain values, and issues an early warning.

2. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strain monitoring optical cable and the temperature monitoring optical cable are covered with a protective box; The surface gap between the protection box and the iron tower to be tested is coated with sealant.

3. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring and early warning terminal calculates a number of temperature change values ​​and a number of stress and strain values ​​of a number of monitoring points at a current moment according to a number of the temperature center wavelengths and a number of the strain center wavelengths, including: Obtaining coefficient data of the fiber Bragg grating; wherein the coefficient data includes: effective elastic-optic coefficient, thermal expansion coefficient, thermo-optic coefficient, stress-strain sensitivity coefficient and temperature sensitivity coefficient; Constructing a temperature-strain differential equation according to the coefficient data, the temperature center wavelength, and the strain center wavelength; According to the temperature-strain differential equation, the temperature change value and the stress-strain value are calculated; Wherein, the temperature strain differential equation is: In the formula, represents the temperature center wavelength, represents the rate of change of the central wavelength at temperature, p e represents the effective elastic-optic coefficient, Δε represents the stress-strain value, α represents the thermal expansion coefficient, ζ represents the thermo-optic coefficient, and ΔT represents the temperature change value. represents the strain center wavelength, Indicates the rate of change of the central wavelength of the strain, K ε Represents stress-strain sensitivity coefficient, K T Represents the temperature sensitivity coefficient.

4. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of outputting the warning level of the iron tower to be tested according to the plurality of temperature change values ​​and the plurality of stress and strain values ​​comprises: Input the temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values ​​into a preset warning model, so that the preset warning model compares the temperature change values ​​and the stress-strain values ​​with preset warning level change thresholds, and outputs a warning level according to the comparison results.

5. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: Cloud server, optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment installed in an explosion-proof chassis, DTU transparent transmission module, and data processing and transmission module; The optical fiber monitoring demodulation device is used to demodulate the plurality of temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of strain center wavelengths into electrical signals, and transmit the electrical signals to the data processing and transmission module; The data processing and transmission module is used to transmit the plurality of temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of strain center wavelengths to the DTU transparent transmission module in the form of electrical signals; The DTU transparent transmission module is used to transmit the plurality of temperature center wavelengths and the plurality of strain center wavelengths to the cloud server using a 4G base station; The cloud server is used to store a plurality of the temperature center wavelengths and a plurality of the strain center wavelengths.

6. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The explosion-proof chassis is also provided with a battery and an energy storage power supply controller; The storage battery is used to power the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment, the DTU transparent transmission module, the data processing and transmission module and the energy storage power supply controller; The energy storage power supply controller is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery according to the load requirements of the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment, the DTU transparent transmission module and the data processing and transmission module.

7. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: Solar charging module; The solar charging module is used to convert the acquired solar energy into electrical energy, and use the electrical energy to charge the storage battery.

8. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Lightning rods, monitoring poles and galvanized steel pipes for wiring; The monitoring pole is vertically fixed on a cement mold containing a ground cage embedded part, the explosion-proof chassis and the solar charging module are fixed to the monitoring pole by a clamp, the lightning rod is fixed on the top of the monitoring pole, and the galvanized wiring steel pipe is located between the iron tower to be tested and the monitoring pole, and is buried underground at a preset depth; After being led out from the iron tower to be tested, the strain monitoring optical cable and the temperature monitoring optical cable pass through the galvanized wiring steel pipe and the monitoring pole, and are connected to the optical fiber monitoring and demodulation equipment.

9. A transmission tower safety monitoring and early warning device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: Ground flat iron; The grounding flat iron is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring pole; The grounding flat iron is used to guide the excess current on the monitoring pole to the ground.

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