A method for preparing a catalyst material based on sol-gel process
A cerium-based NH3-SCR catalyst was synthesized by the sol-gel method. The catalyst with macroporous and mesoporous structures was prepared by using polymer templates, which solved the problems of uncontrollable pore size and insufficient activity of existing cerium-based catalysts and achieved a high-efficiency improvement in catalytic performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- UNIV OF SCI & TECH OF CHINA
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing cerium-based NH3-SCR catalysts suffer from problems such as uncontrollable pore size and insufficient catalytic activity, making it difficult to prepare efficient, stable and low-cost catalyst materials.
A cerium-based NH3-SCR catalyst was synthesized using the sol-gel method with polymethyl methacrylate and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide as pore templates. This method introduced macroporous and mesoporous structures, thereby increasing the specific surface area and acidic sites.
It significantly improves the activity and adsorption effect of the catalyst, enhances the active sites of the catalyst, forms a highly ordered pore structure, and improves catalytic performance, making it suitable for the field of exhaust gas aftertreatment.
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Figure CN119588333B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of exhaust gas aftertreatment catalytic materials technology, and more particularly to a method for preparing catalytic materials based on the sol-gel method. Background Technology
[0002] Current research indicates that the most effective method for NOx degradation is selective catalytic reduction (SCR), typically using NH3 as the reducing agent. SCR technology offers advantages such as high efficiency, low reaction temperature, and no secondary pollution, with the core being the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. A major technical challenge lies in developing catalyst materials that possess high catalytic efficiency, strong selectivity, good stability, simple preparation, safety, and lower cost.
[0003] Among them, NH3-SCR catalysts with three-dimensional porous structures have broad application prospects because they possess a unique porous framework and abundant Brønsted acidic sites, which not only greatly enhance the reaction area but also improve denitrification activity. Cerium-based catalysts are a common type of NH3-SCR catalyst, with titanium dioxide (TiO2) being the most common support. However, current mainstream cerium-based catalysts suffer from problems such as uncontrollable pore size and insufficient catalytic activity.
[0004] No effective solutions have yet been proposed to address the problems in the relevant technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method to solve the above-mentioned problems.
[0006] To solve the above problems, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0007] A method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method, the method comprising the following steps:
[0008] S10. Dissolve methyl methacrylate in deionized water under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain a methyl methacrylate solution.
[0009] S20. Using persulfate solution as an initiator, a polymerization reaction is carried out with methyl methacrylate solution to obtain polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor.
[0010] S30. The polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor is diluted, centrifuged and dried to obtain a polymethyl methacrylate template.
[0011] S40. Dissolve deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide in anhydrous ethanol, mix thoroughly by stirring, and then add cerium salt to obtain solution A.
[0012] S50. Add glacial acetic acid to titanate and mix thoroughly by stirring to obtain solution B;
[0013] S60. Adjust the pH of solution A, and add solution B dropwise to solution A. After stirring and mixing, gel C is obtained.
[0014] S70. The polymethyl methacrylate template is heat-treated, and gel C is dropped onto the polymethyl methacrylate template. The catalyst material is obtained by vacuum filtration, drying and calcination.
[0015] Preferably, dissolving methyl methacrylate in deionized water under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain a methyl methacrylate solution includes the following steps:
[0016] S101. Pass an inert gas through a four-necked flask containing deionized water.
[0017] S102. Place the four-necked flask in an oil bath and heat and stir.
[0018] S103. Add methyl methacrylate to well-stirred deionized water and dissolve it by stirring to obtain a methyl methacrylate solution.
[0019] Preferably, the process of using persulfate solution as an initiator and reacting it with methyl methacrylate solution to obtain polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor includes the following steps:
[0020] S201. Dissolve persulfate in deionized water, mix thoroughly by stirring to obtain a persulfate solution, and use it as an initiator.
[0021] S202. The initiator is added to the methyl methacrylate solution, and the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor is obtained through polymerization reaction.
[0022] Preferably, the persulfate includes at least one of ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and potassium persulfate.
[0023] Preferably, the process of diluting, centrifuging, and drying the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor to obtain the polymethyl methacrylate template includes the following steps:
[0024] S301. Dilute the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere stock solution by adding it to deionized water at a preset volume ratio.
[0025] S302. The diluted polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor is centrifuged and filtered.
[0026] S303. The polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor after centrifugation and filtration is placed in an oven for drying to obtain a polymethyl methacrylate template with a blue luster.
[0027] Preferably, deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide are dissolved in anhydrous ethanol, and after stirring and mixing, cerium salt is added to obtain solution A, which includes the following steps:
[0028] S401. Deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide are mixed uniformly according to a preset mass ratio to obtain a mixed reagent.
[0029] S402. Add the mixed reagents to anhydrous ethanol and stir magnetically under water bath heating until polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide dissolves to obtain a solution.
[0030] S403. Add cerium salt to the solution and mix thoroughly by stirring to obtain solution A.
[0031] Preferably, the cerium salt includes at least one of cerium nitrate, cerium chloride, cerium sulfate, and cerium acetate.
[0032] Preferably, the titanate includes at least one of tetrabutyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, and tetraisopropyl titanate.
[0033] Preferably, adjusting the pH of solution A and adding solution B dropwise to solution A, followed by stirring to mix, yields gel C, comprising the following steps:
[0034] S601. Add nitric acid dropwise to solution A to adjust the pH of solution A to the range of 1-2;
[0035] S602. Add solution B dropwise to solution A with the pH adjusted, and mix well by stirring to obtain gel C.
[0036] Preferably, the polymethyl methacrylate template is heat-treated, and gel C is dropped onto the polymethyl methacrylate template. The catalyst material is obtained by vacuum filtration, drying, and calcination, comprising the following steps:
[0037] S701. Gel C is dropped onto the heat-treated polymethyl methacrylate template and then vacuum filtered.
[0038] S702. The polymethyl methacrylate template after adding gel C is subjected to several vacuum filtrations and preliminary drying treatments.
[0039] S703. The polymethyl methacrylate template, which has undergone several vacuum filtrations and preliminary drying processes, is then dried a second time.
[0040] S704. The polymethyl methacrylate template after secondary drying is fed into a muffle furnace for calcination to obtain the catalyst material.
[0041] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0042] This invention utilizes polymethyl methacrylate and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide as pore templates to synthesize cerium-based NH3-SCR catalyst materials using the sol-gel method. By introducing macroporous and mesoporous structures, the specific surface area and acidic sites of the catalyst material are significantly increased, thereby improving the catalyst activity. This invention solves the problems of low specific surface area and insufficient catalytic activity in NH3-SCR catalyst materials, and demonstrates significant technical effects in terms of increased active sites, enhanced adsorption effect, future application prospects, and significantly improved performance. Attached Figure Description
[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:
[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0045] Figure 2 This is an example schematic diagram of a method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0046] Figure 3 This is a SEM image of the material in Example 1 of a method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the change in NO conversion rate with temperature for the materials in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in a method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0048] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.
[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method is provided.
[0050] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, such as... Figure 1-2 and Figure 4 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method includes the following steps:
[0051] S10. Dissolve methyl methacrylate in deionized water under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain a methyl methacrylate solution.
[0052] Specifically, dissolving methyl methacrylate in deionized water under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain a methyl methacrylate solution includes the following steps:
[0053] S101. Pass an inert gas through the four-necked flask containing deionized water.
[0054] S102. Place the four-necked flask in an oil bath and heat and stir.
[0055] The oil bath temperature for heating and stirring the four-necked flask was 80℃, and the stirring speed was 320r / min-380r / min.
[0056] S103. Add methyl methacrylate to well-stirred deionized water and dissolve it by stirring to obtain a methyl methacrylate solution.
[0057] The volume ratio of methyl methacrylate to deionized water is 1:10.
[0058] It should be noted that an inert environment is maintained by introducing inert gas at a flow rate of 60-70 mL / min through both ends of the four-necked flask. A certain amount of deionized water is placed inside the four-necked flask, and a thermometer is inserted into the pre-port to monitor the temperature of the solution inside. One port is reserved for the slow addition of methyl methacrylate during oil bath stirring.
[0059] S20. Using persulfate solution as an initiator, a polymerization reaction is carried out with methyl methacrylate solution to obtain polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor.
[0060] Specifically, the process of using persulfate solution as an initiator and reacting it with methyl methacrylate solution to obtain polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor includes the following steps:
[0061] S201. Dissolve persulfate in deionized water, mix thoroughly by stirring to obtain a persulfate solution, and use it as an initiator.
[0062] It should be noted that the concentration of the persulfate solution is 0.005 g / mL to 0.008 g / mL.
[0063] S202. The initiator is added to the methyl methacrylate solution, and the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor is obtained through polymerization reaction.
[0064] It should be noted that the volume ratio of persulfate solution to methyl methacrylate solution is 1:(8-12), and the polymerization reaction time is 2-3 hours.
[0065] S30. The polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor is diluted, centrifuged and dried to obtain a polymethyl methacrylate template.
[0066] Specifically, the process of diluting, centrifuging, and drying the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microsphere mother liquor to obtain the PMMA template includes the following steps:
[0067] S301. Dilute the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere stock solution by adding it to deionized water at a preset volume ratio.
[0068] S302. The diluted polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor is centrifuged and filtered.
[0069] S303. The polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor after centrifugation and filtration is placed in an oven for drying to obtain a polymethyl methacrylate template with a blue luster.
[0070] Specifically, the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere stock solution was diluted in deionized water at a volume ratio of 1:3 to 1:4, then centrifuged and filtered at a speed of 1800 r / min to 2500 r / min, and subsequently dried at 50°C to obtain a polymethyl methacrylate template with a blue-purple luster.
[0071] The volume ratio of polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor to deionized water is 1:(2-3). The polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor after centrifugation and filtration is placed in an oven for drying for 2-3 hours.
[0072] S40. Dissolve deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide in anhydrous ethanol, mix thoroughly by stirring, and then add cerium salt to obtain solution A.
[0073] Specifically, deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide are dissolved in anhydrous ethanol, and after stirring and mixing, cerium salt is added to obtain solution A, which includes the following steps:
[0074] S401. Deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide are mixed uniformly according to a preset mass ratio to obtain a mixed reagent.
[0075] It should be noted that the preset mass ratio of deionized water to polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide is 1:(2-3).
[0076] S402. Add the mixed reagents to anhydrous ethanol and stir magnetically under water bath heating until polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide dissolves to obtain a solution.
[0077] It should be noted that the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide to anhydrous ethanol is 1:(5-6).
[0078] S403. Add cerium salt to the solution and mix thoroughly by stirring to obtain solution A.
[0079] The cerium salts include at least one of cerium nitrate, cerium chloride, cerium sulfate, and cerium acetate.
[0080] S50. Add glacial acetic acid to titanate and mix thoroughly by stirring to obtain solution B;
[0081] The titanate includes at least one of tetrabutyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, and tetraisopropyl titanate. The molar ratio of glacial acetic acid to titanate is 1:(3-5), and the molar ratio of cerium salt to titanate is 1:(2-4).
[0082] S60. Adjust the pH of solution A, and add solution B dropwise to solution A. After stirring and mixing, gel C is obtained.
[0083] Specifically, adjusting the pH of solution A and adding solution B dropwise to solution A, followed by stirring to mix and obtain gel C, involves the following steps:
[0084] S601. Add nitric acid dropwise to solution A to adjust the pH of solution A to the range of 1-2;
[0085] S602. Add solution B dropwise to solution A with the pH adjusted, and mix well by stirring to obtain gel C.
[0086] Solution B was added dropwise to solution A with the pH adjusted, and after vigorous stirring for 5-8 hours, a clear yellow gel C was obtained.
[0087] S70. The polymethyl methacrylate template is heat-treated, and gel C is dropped onto the polymethyl methacrylate template. The catalyst material is obtained by vacuum filtration, drying and calcination.
[0088] Specifically, the process involves heat-treating a polymethyl methacrylate template, adding gel C dropwise onto the template, and then obtaining the catalyst material through vacuum filtration, drying, and calcination, including the following steps:
[0089] S701. Gel C is dropped onto the heat-treated polymethyl methacrylate template and then vacuum filtered.
[0090] It should be noted that the heat treatment temperature of the polymethyl methacrylate template is 120℃ and the treatment time is 10 minutes.
[0091] S702. The polymethyl methacrylate template after adding gel C is subjected to several vacuum filtrations and preliminary drying treatments.
[0092] S703. The polymethyl methacrylate template, which has undergone several vacuum filtrations and preliminary drying processes, is then dried a second time.
[0093] S704. The polymethyl methacrylate template after secondary drying is fed into a muffle furnace for calcination to obtain the catalyst material.
[0094] Specifically, the steps for obtaining the NH3-SCR catalyst material by dripping gel C onto a heat-treated polymethyl methacrylate template, followed by vacuum filtration, drying, and calcination include: heat-treating the obtained polymethyl methacrylate template, then dripping gel C onto the surface of the polymethyl methacrylate template for vacuum filtration, followed by short-time drying; repeating the filtration and drying process twice; and finally, performing a long-term drying process. Finally, the sample is calcined in a muffle furnace to obtain the final catalyst material.
[0095] It should be noted that the temperature for short-term drying is 40℃ and the drying time is 2 hours; the temperature for long-term drying after two filtrations and short-term drying is 60℃ and the drying time is 24 hours.
[0096] The sample was fed into a muffle furnace and heated to 280°C at a heating rate of 1°C / min, and then held for two hours. It was then heated to 500°C at the same heating rate and held for four hours. After natural cooling to room temperature, the NH3-SCR catalyst material was obtained.
[0097] Example 1;
[0098] A 500mL four-necked flask was filled with 200mL of deionized water. The nitrogen flow rate was set to 70mL / min, the oil bath temperature to 85℃, and the stirring speed to 350r / min. After the reaction temperature was reached, 20mL of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was added, and stirring was continued for 20 minutes.
[0099] Dissolve 0.1 g of sodium persulfate in 20 mL of deionized water to obtain a sodium persulfate solution.
[0100] Sodium persulfate solution was added to methyl methacrylate solution as an initiator to induce polymerization. After two hours of reaction, polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor was obtained.
[0101] The polymethyl methacrylate microsphere stock solution and deionized water were diluted at a volume ratio of 1:4.
[0102] The diluted polymethyl methacrylate microsphere stock solution was placed in a centrifuge and centrifuged at 2000 r / min for 20 min.
[0103] After centrifugation, the polymethyl methacrylate microspheres were placed in an oven and dried at 50°C for 12 hours to obtain a blue-purple glossy polymethyl methacrylate template.
[0104] Mix 3g of deionized water with 7g of polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide evenly.
[0105] Add the mixed reagents to 40g of anhydrous ethanol and stir magnetically at 40°C for 4 hours until polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide are completely dissolved.
[0106] After the polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide are completely dissolved, add 3.2g of cerium acetate and continue stirring for 30min. This solution is called solution A.
[0107] Add 0.8g of glacial acetic acid dropwise to 10.2g of tetrabutyl titanate and stir magnetically for 30min. This solution is labeled as solution B.
[0108] Nitric acid was added dropwise to solution A to adjust the pH to the range of 1-2. Then solution B was added dropwise, and after vigorous stirring for 6 hours, a clear yellow gel C was formed.
[0109] The polymethyl methacrylate template was heat-treated at 120°C for 10 minutes.
[0110] Gel C was dropped onto a polymethyl methacrylate template and then vacuum filtered.
[0111] After vacuum filtration, gel C was dried at 40°C for two hours, and the above filtration and drying process was repeated once more.
[0112] The obtained sol was placed in an oven and dried at 60°C for 24 hours to obtain a gel sample.
[0113] The obtained gel sample was placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 280°C at a heating rate of 1°C / min, and held at that temperature for two hours. It was then heated to 500°C at the same heating rate and held at that temperature for four hours. After cooling to room temperature, the catalyst material was obtained. This catalyst material is a high-performance three-dimensional ordered macroporous-mesoporous NH3-SCR catalyst material.
[0114] Among them, the three-dimensional ordered macroporous-mesoporous cerium-based NH3-SCR catalyst can overcome the problems of high toxicity, poor stability, and insufficient activity of current mainstream ammonia selective catalysts. However, modifying the catalyst structure during synthesis using polymer templates also has the problems of complex processes and limited effects. Cost control and large-scale production are also challenges.
[0115] Given the challenges posed by the material itself and the preparation process, this invention utilizes a soap-free emulsion polymerization method to synthesize a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) template. When synthesizing a CeTiOx catalyst (a commonly used NH3-SCR catalyst, also known as a cerium-based catalyst) using the sol-gel method, the PMMA template, along with polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide templates, forms different pore structures within the catalyst material, thereby preparing a high-performance, three-dimensionally ordered macroporous structure catalyst material. The catalyst material prepared by this method exhibits excellent selectivity, high activity, and controllable nanostructure.
[0116] The morphology and structure of a catalyst affect its specific surface area, the dispersion of active components, and the density of active sites. Macropores in materials enable efficient mass transfer, while mesopores can increase specific surface area to improve catalyst utilization efficiency. Previous studies have extensively investigated three-dimensional ordered macroporous-mesoporous materials combining these two different types of pores. For example, a vanadium-based catalyst with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous-mesoporous structure has been shown to exhibit higher catalytic activity and dust resistance over a wider temperature range compared to traditional vanadium-based catalysts. Compared to vanadium-based catalysts, cerium-based catalysts have advantages in oxygen storage and release capacity, thermal stability, multifunctional active sites, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, synthesizing cerium-based catalysts with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous-mesoporous structure is a promising research direction. This invention designs a cerium-based NH3-SCR catalyst material with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous-mesoporous structure using polymethyl methacrylate and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide as templates.
[0117] Comparative Example 1;
[0118] No polymethyl methacrylate template is prepared, and no polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide is added when preparing solution A. The other steps are the same (using a common catalyst preparation method, without using two organic templates to create an ordered porous structure).
[0119] Test example;
[0120] The tests were performed on Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, specifically as follows:
[0121] The morphology of the products prepared in each embodiment of the present invention was observed using a fully automated specific surface area analyzer (model: ASAP2020HD88). The measured specific surface areas are shown in Table 1, and the morphology is shown in Table 2. Figure 3 The product of Example 1 shown has a specific surface area (107.1 m2 / g).
[0122] The morphology of the products prepared in each embodiment of the present invention was observed using a scanning electron microscope (model: JSM-6700F). The average pore size was measured as shown in Table 1, and as shown in Table 2. Figure 3 The product of Example 1 shown has an average pore size of 8.1 nm.
[0123] Table 1 Test Results of Examples
[0124] Test sample Specific surface area Average aperture size Example 1 107.1 8.1 Comparative Example 1 48.7 7.5
[0125] In summary, by utilizing the above-mentioned technical solution of this invention, a cerium-based NH3-SCR catalyst material is synthesized using polymethyl methacrylate and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide as pore templates via a gel sol method. The invention introduces macroporous and mesoporous structures, significantly increasing the specific surface area and acidic sites of the catalyst material, thereby enhancing the catalyst's activity. This solves the problems of low specific surface area and insufficient catalytic activity in NH3-SCR catalyst materials, and demonstrates significant technical effects in terms of increased active sites, enhanced adsorption effect, improved future application prospects, and significantly improved performance.
[0126] Among them, the active sites are increased: compared with the prior art, the specific surface area of the present invention is significantly improved, increasing the active sites on the catalyst surface, thereby improving the catalytic activity of the catalyst;
[0127] Enhanced adsorption effect: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has a highly ordered macroporous and mesoporous structure, which can greatly enhance the gas adsorption efficiency and make the catalytic reaction more efficient;
[0128] Future Application Prospects: This invention has broad application prospects, especially in the field of exhaust gas aftertreatment. By introducing polymeric pore template agents in a stepwise manner, a highly ordered pore structure with different pore sizes is formed in the cerium-based catalyst, which significantly improves the performance of the catalyst. With the further implementation of the "dual carbon" policy, the requirements for exhaust gas aftertreatment are further increased, and this invention is expected to play a greater role in the field of mobile source aftertreatment.
[0129] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a catalyst material based on sol-gel process, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S10. Dissolve methyl methacrylate in deionized water under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain a methyl methacrylate solution. S20. Using persulfate solution as an initiator, a polymerization reaction is carried out with methyl methacrylate solution to obtain polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor. S30. The polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor is diluted, centrifuged and dried to obtain a polymethyl methacrylate template. S40. Dissolve deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide in anhydrous ethanol, mix thoroughly by stirring, and then add cerium salt to obtain solution A. S50. Add glacial acetic acid to titanate and mix thoroughly by stirring to obtain solution B; S60. Adjust the pH of solution A, and add solution B dropwise to solution A. After stirring and mixing, gel C is obtained. S70. The polymethyl methacrylate template is heat-treated, and gel C is dropped onto the polymethyl methacrylate template. The catalyst material is obtained by vacuum filtration, drying and calcination. S10 includes: passing an inert gas through a four-necked flask containing deionized water; heating and stirring the four-necked flask in an oil bath; adding methyl methacrylate to the well-stirred deionized water and dissolving it by stirring to obtain a methyl methacrylate solution. S20 includes: dissolving persulfate in deionized water, mixing it by stirring to obtain a persulfate solution, and using it as an initiator; adding the initiator to a methyl methacrylate solution, and obtaining a polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor through a polymerization reaction; S60 includes adding nitric acid dropwise to solution A to adjust the pH of solution A to the range of 1-2; adding solution B dropwise to the pH-adjusted solution A, and mixing by stirring to obtain gel C; S70 includes: adding gel C dropwise onto a heat-treated polymethyl methacrylate template; performing vacuum filtration; performing several vacuum filtrations and preliminary drying on the polymethyl methacrylate template after adding gel C; performing a secondary drying on the polymethyl methacrylate template after several vacuum filtrations and preliminary drying; and calcining the secondary-dried polymethyl methacrylate template in a muffle furnace to obtain a catalyst material.
2. A method for preparing a catalyst material based on sol-gel process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The persulfate includes at least one of ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and potassium persulfate.
3. A method for preparing a catalyst material based on sol-gel process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of diluting, centrifuging, and drying the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor to obtain the polymethyl methacrylate template includes the following steps: S301. Dilute the polymethyl methacrylate microsphere stock solution by adding it to deionized water at a preset volume ratio. S302. The diluted polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor is centrifuged and filtered. S303. The polymethyl methacrylate microsphere mother liquor after centrifugation and filtration is placed in an oven for drying to obtain a polymethyl methacrylate template with a blue luster.
4. The method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of dissolving deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide in anhydrous ethanol, mixing thoroughly by stirring, and then adding cerium salt to obtain solution A includes the following steps: S401. Deionized water and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide are mixed uniformly according to a preset mass ratio to obtain a mixed reagent. S402. Add the mixed reagents to anhydrous ethanol and stir magnetically under water bath heating until polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide dissolves to obtain a solution. S403. Add cerium salt to the solution and mix thoroughly by stirring to obtain solution A.
5. The method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cerium salt includes at least one of cerium nitrate, cerium chloride, cerium sulfate, and cerium acetate.
6. The method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The titanate includes at least one of tetrabutyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, and tetraisopropyl titanate.
7. The method for preparing catalyst materials based on the sol-gel method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of heat-treating the polymethyl methacrylate template, adding gel C dropwise onto the polymethyl methacrylate template, and obtaining the catalyst material through vacuum filtration, drying, and calcination includes the following steps: S701. Gel C is dropped onto the heat-treated polymethyl methacrylate template and then vacuum filtered. S702. The polymethyl methacrylate template after adding gel C is subjected to several vacuum filtrations and preliminary drying treatments. S703. The polymethyl methacrylate template, which has undergone several vacuum filtrations and preliminary drying processes, is then dried a second time. S704. The polymethyl methacrylate template after secondary drying is fed into a muffle furnace for calcination to obtain the catalyst material.