A drought-resistant, flood-resistant, fertilization-enhancing crop diversity utilization system for organic sorghum in mountainous areas and its establishment method

Abstract

This invention discloses a drought-resistant, flood-resistant, fertilization-enhancing, and crop diversity utilization system for organic sorghum in mountainous areas, and its establishment method, belonging to the field of rainwater comprehensive utilization technology. The system includes a water diversion channel, comprising a vertical water diversion channel and a contour-type water diversion channel, connected to the vertical and contour-type channels; a filter pond connected to the vertical water diversion channel; a water storage tank connected to the filter pond; and a water trough connected to the water storage tank for controlling the water level. Plants are planted above the water diversion channels. Rainwater and surface runoff flow into the contour-type water diversion channel, then through the vertical water diversion channel into the filter pond, where it is filtered before flowing into the water storage tank for storage. Nutrients produced by the plants also flow into the water storage tank along with the water flow. This system solves the problems of low rainwater resource utilization rate and low flood and drought resistance efficiency in sloping farmland. It reduces crop waterlogging damage caused by concentrated rainfall in mountainous areas, enabling rational utilization of mountain water resources, intercropping of plants and crops, and achieving diversified crop planting and integrated water and fertilizer management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rainwater comprehensive utilization technology, specifically to a system for the diversified utilization of drought-resistant, flood-resistant, and fertile organic sorghum crops in mountainous areas and its establishment method. Background Technology

[0002] In the cultivation of organic sorghum, increasing the source of organic fertilizer and adopting crop diversity are important technical measures. However, current crop diversity cultivation is mostly based on traditional intercropping, with plant types limited to annual crops and little use of perennial crops. On the other hand, while traditional hedge techniques take into account the use of perennial plants, their function is mostly limited to soil and water conservation, and their effect on increasing and stabilizing crop yields is limited.

[0003] Drought and waterlogging are significant abiotic stress factors affecting sorghum yield and quality. In mountainous areas, concentrated rainfall during the rainy season easily leads to runoff, causing soil erosion and flooding in gentle slopes. Simultaneously, due to the steep slopes, rainwater is difficult to retain. When the climate becomes dry, the mountainous soil is thin and erosion is severe, resulting in limited rainwater storage and making the area highly sensitive to drought. Therefore, the key to developing mountain agriculture is addressing the problems of uneven rainwater distribution, rapid shifts between drought and flood, and severe soil erosion. Although there are publicly available technical solutions related to rainwater harvesting and irrigation in mountainous areas, such as a rainwater collection device for water conservancy disclosed in Chinese patent document CN112922084A and a rainwater collection and reuse system for roadside ditches on slopes in the hilly areas of Southwest China disclosed in Chinese patent document CN109944294A, these technical solutions are all based on the entire mountain area or large plots of land in a small watershed, and lack technical solutions for field crops on sloping farmland. As a result, the utilization rate of rainwater resources is low, the efficiency of flood control and drought resistance is low, and the effect of water and fertilizer integration is weak. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a system for utilizing drought-resistant, flood-resistant, and fertilizer-enhancing crops in mountainous areas, along with its establishment method. This system solves the problems of severe soil erosion and waterlogging in flat areas during periods of concentrated rainfall, as well as the thin soil and limited rainwater storage in mountainous areas during droughts, making them sensitive to drought. It also addresses the issues of low efficiency in rainwater resource utilization and flood and drought resistance for crop communities on sloping farmland, and the weak effect of integrated water and fertilizer management.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a system for utilizing the drought-resistant, flood-resistant, fertile, and diversified crops of organic sorghum in mountainous areas, comprising:

[0006] A water guide channel, comprising a vertical water guide channel and a constant-height water guide channel, wherein the vertical water guide channel is connected to the constant-height water guide channel;

[0007] A filter tank is connected to the vertical water guide channel;

[0008] A water storage tank, which is connected to the filtration tank;

[0009] A water tank, which is connected to the water storage tank, is used to control the water level in the water storage tank;

[0010] Plants, which are planted above the water channel;

[0011] An irrigation device is installed on one side of the reservoir. The irrigation device draws water from the reservoir to irrigate crops. The crops are planted around the water channel and intercropped with the plants. The plants are legumes.

[0012] Rainwater and surface runoff flow into the contour-type water diversion channel, then into the filtration pool via the vertical water diversion channel. After being filtered by the filtration pool, the water flows into the storage tank for storage. Nutrients produced by the plants flow into the storage tank along with the water flow.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical water diversion channel is inclined along the mountain, and the contour water diversion channel is designed at least one level along the vertical water diversion channel. Multiple levels of the contour water diversion channels are arranged in parallel and inclinedly connected to the vertical water diversion channel, and the depth of the multiple levels of the contour water diversion channels increases sequentially.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom and both sides of the water guide channel are provided with an impermeable layer, a pipe is installed above the impermeable layer, and a filler, a first filter screen and a covering layer are sequentially arranged inside the water guide channel. The filler fills the bottom of the water guide channel, and the plant is planted on the top of the covering layer.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the filter pool includes a second filter screen and a cover plate. The second filter screen is located at the connection port between the vertical water guide channel and the filter pool, and the cover plate is disposed on the top of the filter pool. The cover plate and the filter pool are detachably connected.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water tank includes a water outlet, a switch, and a water inlet channel. The water inlet channel is connected to the water outlet, and the switch is installed at the water outlet and can automatically open and close according to the water level of the water tank. The water level of the water tank does not exceed 10 cm below the ground surface.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation channels are divided into a central layout and a lateral layout depending on the area of ​​the field. In the central layout, a vertical irrigation channel is set in the middle of the field, and the equal-height irrigation channels are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the vertical irrigation channel. In the lateral layout, a vertical irrigation channel is set on the side of the field, and the equal-height irrigation channels are evenly distributed on one side of the vertical irrigation channel.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the vertical water guide channel is 0.5~4.5m and the depth is 30~50cm, the width of the equal-height water guide channel is 0.5~3.5m and the depth is the same as that of the vertical water guide channel, and the width of two adjacent equal-height water guide channels is greater than 3m.

[0019] The inclination angle between the level water guide channel and the vertical water guide channel is 3°~5°. The depth of the level water guide channel increases sequentially along the vertical water guide channel, with an increase of 2~5cm. The depth of the highest level water guide channel is greater than 30cm.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water guide channel further includes a partition plate, which is located at one end of the equal-height water guide channel away from the vertical water guide channel and is arranged perpendicular to the water guide channel.

[0021] The pipe is a perforated permeable water pipe with a diameter of 0.2~1.5m; the filler is a permeable material with a filling depth of 20~50cm; the first filter screen is set at a position 20~30cm down from the top of the vertical water guide channel; the covering layer has a covering thickness of 20~30cm.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the filter pool is the same as the width of the vertical water guide channel, the depth of the filter pool should be greater than 0.4m, and the depth of the water storage tank is the same as the depth of the filter pool.

[0023] A method for establishing a drought-resistant, flood-resistant, fertilization-enhancing, and crop diversity utilization system for organic sorghum in mountainous areas, the method comprising:

[0024] Establish a rainwater harvesting system: construct a drainage channel, filter pool, storage tank and water tank in the mountain area, and set an impermeable layer at the bottom of each component. Set a partition at one end of the contour drainage channel, and lay pipes, filler, first filter screen and covering layer in sequence in the drainage channel.

[0025] A second filter screen and cover are installed in the filter pool, and the water storage tank is connected to the irrigation equipment; an outlet and a water intake channel are built on one side of the water tank, and a switch is installed on the outlet;

[0026] Fertilization and crop diversity planting: The plants are planted in a strip at the top of the water channel, and the crops are planted around the outer perimeter of the water channel;

[0027] Plant strip management: Regularly cut the plants to promote their regeneration and rejuvenation, and return the cut branches and leaves to the field as green manure in the crop planting area; or use them as mulch between the crop planting rows; or use them as feed for livestock and return the livestock manure to the field.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] 1. This invention provides a system for the diversified utilization of drought-resistant, flood-resistant, and fertile organic sorghum crops in mountainous areas. The system includes a water diversion channel, a filtration pond, a storage pond, and a water trough. During the rainy season, rainwater and surface runoff flow into the contour-type water diversion channel, then through the vertical water diversion channel into the filtration pond. After filtration, the water flows into the storage pond for storage. The water trough controls the water level in the storage pond, draining excess water when the level is too high to prevent waterlogging. During the dry season, water is drawn from the storage pond using irrigation equipment for irrigating crops. This system solves the problems of low rainwater resource utilization and low drought and flood resistance efficiency in sloping farmland. It reduces crop waterlogging damage caused by concentrated rainfall in mountainous areas, enabling the rational utilization of mountain water resources.

[0030] 2. This mountain-based organic sorghum drought-resistant, flood-resistant, fertilization-enhancing, and crop diversity utilization system intercrops perennial leguminous plants with other crops in irrigation channels, achieving diversified crop cultivation. The intercropped plants fix nitrogen and release carbon and nitrogen nutrients into the irrigation channels through root decomposition. The carbon- and nitrogen-rich water is then used to irrigate sorghum and other crops, achieving integrated water and fertilizer management. Simultaneously, the intercropped plants intercept and store nutrients from surface runoff in the channels, reducing nutrient loss, mitigating soil erosion, and promoting the sustainability of mountain agriculture.

[0031] 3. This mountain-growing organic sorghum drought-resistant, flood-resistant, and fertile crop diversity utilization system promotes the regeneration and rejuvenation of perennial leguminous plants through regular harvesting. The harvested branches and leaves are returned to the planting area as green manure to increase soil organic matter content and enrich the soil; or used as mulch between crop rows to reduce soil erosion, suppress weeds, reduce soil moisture evaporation, and improve drought resistance; or used as feed for livestock, with livestock manure returned to the field. Through integrated crop and livestock farming, this system achieves the recycling of biological resources, increases the development of local animal husbandry, and promotes farmers' economic income. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the drought-resistant, flood-resistant, fertilization-enhancing, and crop diversity utilization system for organic sorghum in mountainous areas provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a top view of the central layout of the water guide channel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a top view of the side-mounted layout of the water guide channel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of intercropping between plants and crops provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Water channel; 11. Vertical water channel; 12. Equal-height water channel; 13. Impermeable layer; 14. Pipe; 15. Filler; 16. First filter screen; 17. Covering layer; 18. Partition; 2. Filter pool; 21. Second filter screen; 22. Cover plate; 3. Water storage tank; 4. Irrigation equipment; 5. Water trough; 51. Outlet; 52. Switch; 53. Water intake channel; 6. Plants; 7. Crops. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "first position" and "second position" refer to two different positions.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the present invention provides a system for the diversified utilization of drought-resistant, flood-resistant, and fertilizing organic sorghum in mountainous areas. This system can collect rainwater during the rainy season, store it, and use it to irrigate crops during the dry season. At the same time, it can also fertilize crops, thereby increasing the yield of organic sorghum.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant, flood-resistant, fertilization-enhancing, and crop diversification utilization system includes a water diversion channel 1, a filter pool 2, a water storage tank 3, irrigation equipment 4, and a water trough 5. The water diversion channel 1 is located on a sloping mountainside and is used to collect rainwater and surface runoff, store and guide more rainwater for irrigation during the dry season, reduce crop waterlogging damage caused by concentrated rainfall, and provide space for diversified crop cultivation. The filter pool 2 is located at the bottom of the water diversion channel 1 and connected to it. The filter pool 2 is used to filter the rainwater collected by the water diversion channel 1, intercepting and filtering out silt, stones, etc., to obtain irrigable water free of solid matter. The water storage tank 3 is located on the side of the filter pool 2 away from the water diversion channel 1 and connected to it, and is used to store rainwater for irrigation during the dry season. Irrigation equipment 4 is installed on one side of the reservoir 3, with one end connected to the reservoir 3 and the other end leading to the crop planting area. Irrigation equipment 4 is connected to a drive mechanism. In the event of drought, the drive mechanism drives irrigation equipment 4 to draw rainwater stored in the reservoir 3 and transport the rainwater to the crop planting area for irrigation. Water trough 5 is located on the side of the reservoir 3 away from the filter pool 2 and is connected to the reservoir 3. It is used to regulate the water volume in the reservoir 3. When the rainwater and surface runoff collection volume is overloaded during the rainy season, it will automatically overflow to prevent waterlogging in the area and achieve drought and flood prevention in the mountainous area.

[0042] In some embodiments, the water diversion channel 1 includes a vertical water diversion channel 11 and a contour water diversion channel 12. The vertical water diversion channel 11 is inclined along the mountainside, with its inclination angle consistent with the mountain slope, and runs through the contour water diversion channel 12. The contour water diversion channel 12 is connected to the vertical water diversion channel 11, and multiple contour water diversion channels 12 are arranged along the vertical water diversion channel 11. The contour water diversion channels 12 and the vertical water diversion channel 11 have a certain inclination angle to facilitate the flow of rainwater accumulated in the contour water diversion channels 12 into the vertical water diversion channel 11. The multiple contour water diversion channels 12 are arranged in parallel, and the spacing between two adjacent contour water diversion channels 12 is designed according to the average annual precipitation of the region and in combination with crop planting needs; the width between them should be greater than 3m.

[0043] In some embodiments, the bottom of the vertical water diversion channel 11 is located at the bottom of the slope, and the multi-level equal-height water diversion channels 12 are arranged sequentially along the vertical water diversion channel 11. The first-level equal-height water diversion channel 12 is located at the top of the vertical water diversion channel 11, and the equal-height water diversion channel 12 closest to the bottom of the vertical water diversion channel 11 is of the highest level. The depths of the multi-level equal-height water diversion channels 12 are all different, with the first-level equal-height water diversion channel 12 having the smallest depth, and the depths of the remaining equal-height water diversion channels 12 increasing sequentially. Their depths are designed according to the local rainfall to ensure that the water diversion channels 1 of the entire plot can store water evenly.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the width of the vertical water diversion channel 11 is 0.5~4.5m, and the depth is 30~50cm. The width of the contour-type water diversion channel 12 is 0.5~3.5m, and the inclination angle between it and the vertical water diversion channel 11 is 3°~5°. The depth of the multi-level contour-type water diversion channels 12 increases sequentially from the lowest level to the highest level, with an increase of 2~5cm based on the slope of the plot, ensuring that the water diversion channels 1 of the entire plot can store water evenly. The contour-type water diversion channel 12 closest to the bottom of the vertical water diversion channel 11 is the highest level contour-type water diversion channel 12, and its depth should be greater than 30~50cm.

[0045] In some embodiments, the bottom and both sides of the water channel 1 are covered with an impermeable layer 13 to prevent rainwater collected in the water channel 1 from seeping down, so that the water storage tank 3 can accumulate enough rainwater for later irrigation. A pipe 14 is installed at the bottom of the water channel 1, and the pipe 14 is installed above the impermeable layer 13. The impermeable layer 13 is filled with filler material 15.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, the impermeable layer 13 is constructed of concrete, and the pipe 14 is a perforated permeable water pipe with a diameter of 0.2~1.5m, which facilitates the collection of rainwater and surface runoff in the drainage channel 1 into the pipe 14, and from the pipe 14 into the filter pool 2. The filler 15 is a permeable material with a filling depth of 20~50cm. This permeable material can be coarse gravel, wooden wedges, wooden blocks, or a mesh frame with a certain supporting strength, which is conducive to the infiltration of rainwater and surface runoff.

[0047] In some embodiments, a first filter screen 16 is provided inside the vertical water guide channel 11. The first filter screen 16 is used to filter impurities such as silt and gravel. A covering layer 17 is provided above the first filter screen 16, covering the vertical water guide channel 11 as a soil covering layer for planting plants. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first filter screen 16 is positioned 20-30 cm downwards from the top of the vertical water guide channel 11. The pore size of the first filter screen 16 is selected according to the required fine sand particle size to be filtered. The covering layer 17 has a covering thickness of 20-30 cm, providing growth space for the plant's root system.

[0048] In some embodiments, a partition 18 is provided on the side of the equal-height water guide channel 12 away from the vertical water guide channel 11 and perpendicular to the water guide channel 1. The height of the partition 18 is level with the ground surface to ensure that the water guide channel 1 is a unidirectional flow water guide channel.

[0049] In some embodiments, the width of the filter pool 2 is the same as the width of the vertical water guide channel 11, and the depth of the filter pool 2 should be greater than 0.4~1m. The depth of the water storage pool 3 is the same as the depth of the filter pool 2, ensuring that a certain amount of rainwater can be stored to meet the water needs of crops during the dry season. A second filter screen 21 is installed inside the filter pool 2. The second filter screen 21 is located at the connection between the vertical water guide channel 11 and the filter pool 2 and is set perpendicular to the vertical water guide channel 11. It is used to filter impurities such as silt and sand. A cover plate 22 is installed on the top of the filter pool 2 to prevent people or animals from falling into the pool. The cover plate 22 is detachably connected to the filter pool 2, which facilitates regular cleaning and sludge removal of the filter pool 2.

[0050] In some embodiments, a water outlet 51 is provided on one side of the water trough 5, and a switch 52 is provided on the side of the water outlet 51 away from the water trough. The switch 52 can be automatically opened and closed. A water diversion channel 53 is provided on the side of the water outlet 51 away from the water trough 5. The water diversion channel 53 diverts the overflowing water to the drainage ditch outside the plot for discharge, preventing waterlogging. Specifically, in this embodiment, since the root system of most crops grows concentrated at a depth of 10-15cm in the topsoil, the water level control position of the water trough 5 should not exceed 10cm below the surface of the downslope to avoid excessive soil moisture during the rainy season, which could lead to waterlogging.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, switch 52 is a water level pressure switch, which can automatically open and close by sensing the liquid pressure in the water tank 5, ensuring that it is in an automatic closed state during the dry season to reduce water evaporation, and automatically open during the rainy season to drain excess water.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the bottom and sides of the filter pool 2, the water storage pool 3 and the water tank 5 are all covered with an impermeable layer 13, which can prevent the accumulated rainwater or surface runoff from seeping down and ensure that there are sufficient water resources for irrigation during the dry season.

[0053] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, different trench layouts can be adopted based on the field area and combined with agricultural practices, especially the operational needs of the machinery. For larger plots, with an area of ​​3-5 mu or more, one irrigation ditch unit is designed for every 3-5 mu. The irrigation ditch 1 can adopt a central layout, that is, a vertical irrigation ditch 11 is set in the middle, and equal-height irrigation ditch 12 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the vertical irrigation ditch 11. For smaller plots, with an area of ​​less than 3-5 mu, only one irrigation ditch unit is needed. The irrigation ditch 1 can adopt a lateral layout, that is, a vertical irrigation ditch 11 is set on one side of the plot, and equal-height irrigation ditch 12 is distributed on one side of the vertical irrigation ditch 11. Each water diversion unit consists of one vertical water diversion channel 11 and several equal-height water diversion channels 12. The equal-height water diversion channels 12 are evenly distributed in the plot, which can better collect rainwater and surface runoff. Moreover, by setting only one vertical water diversion channel 11, the land area occupied by the water diversion channel 1 can be reduced, thus saving land resources.

[0054] In some embodiments, crops 7 are planted around the periphery of the irrigation trough 1, and plants 6 are planted on the covering layer 17 of the irrigation trough 1. The plants 6 are perennial nitrogen-fixing legumes with large root systems and soil and water conservation functions. The plants 6 planted in the irrigation trough 1 form an intercropping pattern with the crops 7, achieving crop diversity. These intercropped plants can fix nitrogen and release carbon and nitrogen nutrients into the irrigation trough 1 through root decomposition. The carbon and nitrogen-rich water in the reservoir 3 is then used to irrigate the crops 7 through the drive mechanism and irrigation equipment 4, achieving integrated water and fertilizer management. At the same time, the intercropped plants 6 also have an interception function, accumulating nutrients from surface runoff into the irrigation trough 1, reducing nutrient loss, reducing soil erosion, and promoting the sustainable development of mountain agriculture. In addition, the intercropped plants 6 can also diversify the biological community structure of the plot, which is beneficial for diluting and blocking pathogens, increasing beneficial insects and other organisms, and achieving green control of pests and diseases. In addition, the perennial legumes planted in strips can serve as visual identification markers for the distribution of the irrigation canals 1, facilitating the planting and field management of crops 7.

[0055] In some embodiments, plant 6 is a perennial legume. Regularly harvesting the perennial legume promotes its regeneration and rejuvenation, and the harvested branches and leaves are returned to the field as green manure in the crop 7 planting area to increase soil organic matter content and enrich the soil; or it can be used as mulch between the crop 7 planting rows to reduce soil erosion, suppress weeds, reduce soil moisture evaporation, and improve drought resistance; or it can be used as feed for livestock, with livestock manure returned to the field. Through integrated crop-livestock farming, the recycling of biological resources is achieved, increasing the development of local animal husbandry, promoting farmers' economic income, further improving the scalability of this system, and promoting the organic production of crop 7. Specifically, in this embodiment, crop 7 is organic sorghum.

[0056] This invention also provides a method for establishing a drought-resistant, flood-resistant, fertilization-enhancing, and crop diversity utilization system for organic sorghum in mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1: Establish a rainwater harvesting system: Select a sloping farmland plot, understand the climate conditions of the selected area, and conduct a data survey of the selected plot to determine its size and slope. Based on the plot area, select the layout of the drainage channel 1, choosing either a central or lateral layout, and determine the relevant construction parameters for the drainage channel 1, filter pond 2, reservoir 3, and water trough 5.

[0058] Construction was carried out on the selected site, and a water diversion channel 1, a filter pool 2, a water storage pool 3, and a water trough 5 were constructed in sequence, with an anti-seepage layer 13 installed at the bottom of each component. A partition 18 was installed at one end of the level water diversion channel 12, and then pipes 14, filler material 15, a first filter screen 16, and a covering layer 17 were laid in sequence inside the water diversion channel 1.

[0059] A second filter screen 21 and a cover plate 22 are installed in the filter pool 2. The cover plate 22 is detachably connected to the filter pool 2, which is convenient to open for regular cleaning and sludge removal. The water storage tank 3 is connected to the irrigation equipment 4. An outlet 51 and a water inlet 53 are built on one side of the water tank 5, and a water level pressure switch 52 is installed on the outlet 51.

[0060] S2: Fertilization and crop diversity planting: Plant 6 on the covering layer 17 at the top of the water channel 1, plant perennial nitrogen-fixing, large-rooted legumes with water and soil conservation functions in strips along the water channel 1, and plant crops 7 around the outer perimeter of the water channel 1.

[0061] S3: Leguminous plant management: Regularly cut perennial leguminous plants to promote their regeneration and rejuvenation, and return the cut branches and leaves to the field as green manure in crop planting area 7; or use them as mulch between crop planting rows 7; or use them as feed for livestock, and return the livestock manure to the field.

[0062] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A mountainous organic highland drought-resistant flood-prevention and fertilizer-increasing crop diversity utilization system, characterized in that, The utility model provides a kind of water diversion channel (1), the water diversion channel (1) includes vertical water diversion channel (11) and equal-height water diversion channel (12), the vertical water diversion channel (11) is connected with the equal-height water diversion channel (12);Filtering pool (2) is connected with the vertical water diversion channel (11);Water storage pool (3) is connected with the filtering pool (2);Water tank (5) is connected with the water storage pool (3), for controlling the water level of the water storage pool (3);Plant (6) is planted above the water diversion channel (1);The side of the water storage pool (3) is provided with irrigation equipment (4), the irrigation equipment (4) extracts the water in the water storage pool (3) and irrigates crop (7), the crop (7) is planted in the periphery of the water diversion channel (1), and is intercropped with the plant (6);Wherein, the plant (6) is leguminous plant;Rainwater and surface runoff flow into the equal-height water diversion channel (12), flow into the filtering pool (2) by the vertical water diversion channel (11), flow into the water storage pool (3) after being filtered by the filtering pool (2), and store, the nutrient produced by the plant (6) flows into the water storage pool (3) along with water flow. The vertical water diversion channel (11) is arranged along the mountain body inclination, the equal-height water diversion channel (12) is designed at least one level along the vertical water diversion channel (11), and multiple equal-height water diversion channels (12) are arranged in parallel and are inclinedly connected with the vertical water diversion channel (11), and the depth of multiple equal-height water diversion channels (12) increases in turn. The bottom and both sides of the water diversion channel (1) are provided with an anti-seepage layer (13), a pipeline (14) is installed above the anti-seepage layer (13), and a filler (15), a first filter screen (16) and a cover layer (17) are sequentially arranged in the water diversion channel (1), the filler (15) is filled in the bottom of the water diversion channel (1), and the plant (6) is planted on the top of the cover layer (17). The filtering pool (2) includes a second filter screen (21) and a cover plate (22), the second filter screen (21) is located at the connecting port of the vertical water diversion channel (11) and the filtering pool (2), the cover plate (22) is arranged on the top of the filtering pool (2), and the cover plate (22) is detachably connected with the filtering pool (2). The water tank (5) includes a water outlet (51), a switch (52) and a water diversion tank (53), the water diversion tank (53) is connected with the water outlet (51), the switch (52) is installed at the water outlet (51), can be automatically opened and closed according to the water level of the water tank (5), and the water level of the water tank (5) is not more than 10 cm below the ground. ​ ​ ​ 2. The mountainous organic highland rice drought prevention and waterlogging prevention and fertilizer application crop diversity utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 3. The mountainous organic highland rice drought prevention and waterlogging prevention and fertilizer application crop diversity utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, ​ 4. The mountainous organic highland rice drought-preventing and waterlogging-preventing and fertilizer-increasing crop diversity utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 5. The mountainous organic highland rice drought-preventing and waterlogging-preventing and fertilization crop diversity utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 6. The mountainous organic highland rice drought-preventing and waterlogging-preventing and fertilization crop diversity utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, According to the different field area, the water guide groove (1) is divided into a middle position type layout and a side position type layout; the middle position type layout is that a vertical water guide groove (11) is arranged in the middle of the field, and the contour water guide grooves (12) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical water guide groove (11); the side position type layout is that a vertical water guide groove (11) is arranged on the side of the field, and the contour water guide grooves (12) are uniformly arranged on one side of the vertical water guide groove (11).

7. The mountainous organic highland rice drought-preventing and waterlogging-preventing and fertilization crop diversity utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The width of the vertical water guide groove (11) is 0.5-4.5 m, and the depth is 30-50 cm; the width of the contour water guide groove (12) is 0.5-3.5 m, and the depth is the same as that of the vertical water guide groove (11); the width of two adjacent contour water guide grooves (12) is greater than 3 m; The inclination angle between the contour water guide groove (12) and the vertical water guide groove (11) is 3-5°; the depth of the multi-stage contour water guide groove (12) increases along the vertical water guide groove (11) in sequence, and the increase range is 2-5 cm; the depth of the highest stage contour water guide groove (12) is greater than 30 cm.

8. The mountainous organic highland rice drought-preventing and waterlogging-preventing and fertilization crop diversity utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water guide groove (1) further comprises a partition plate (18), which is arranged at one end of the contour water guide groove (12) away from the vertical water guide groove (11) and is arranged perpendicularly to the water guide groove (1); The pipeline (14) is a hollow water permeable water pipe, and the pipe diameter is 0.2-1.5 m; the filler (15) is a water permeable material, and the filling depth is 20-50 cm; the first filter screen is arranged at a position 20-30 cm from the top of the vertical water guide groove (11); the covering layer (17) has a covering thickness of 20-30 cm.

9. The mountainous organic highland rice drought-preventing and waterlogging-preventing and fertilization crop diversity utilization system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The width of the filter tank (2) is the same as that of the vertical water guide groove (11), and the depth of the filter tank (2) is greater than 0.4 m; the depth of the water storage tank (3) is the same as that of the filter tank (2).

10. A method for establishing a mountainous organic highland drought-resistant flood-preventing and fertilizer-increasing crop diversity utilization system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The establishment method comprises: Establishing a rainwater collection system: constructing a mountain, and building a water guide groove (1), a filter tank (2), a water storage tank (3) and a water tank (5), and arranging a waterproof layer (13) at the bottom of each component, arranging a partition plate (18) at one end of the contour water guide groove (12), and sequentially arranging a pipeline (14), a filler (15), a first filter screen (16) and a covering layer (17) in the water guide groove (1); A second filter screen (21) and a cover plate (22) are arranged in the filter tank (2), the water storage tank (3) is connected with the irrigation equipment (4), and a water outlet (51) and a water guide groove (53) are arranged on one side of the water tank (5), and a switch (52) is arranged on the water outlet (51); Fertilization and crop diversity planting: the plants (6) are planted in a belt shape on the top of the water guide groove (1), and the crops (7) are planted on the periphery of the water guide groove (1); Plant strip management: periodically mowing the plants (6), promoting their rejuvenation, and returning the mowed branches and leaves as green manure to the crop (7) planting area; or covering the inter-rows of the crop (7) as mulch; or feeding livestock as forage, and returning livestock manure to the field.

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