Method for measuring and calculating atmospheric particulate matter emission on bare ground

Abstract

The application discloses a method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emission on bare ground, and belongs to the technical field of atmospheric pollution prevention and control. The method uses the data information of the vehicle mechanical load and the bare ground to determine the total amount of matter that needs to be transported, determines the total driving distance of the vehicle machinery that needs to transport matter as the activity intensity of the vehicle machinery based on the total amount of matter, the load information and the data information of the bare ground, and obtains the dust particulate matter emission generated by the driving of the vehicle machinery based on the dust particulate matter emission factor of the driving of the vehicle machinery and the activity intensity of the vehicle machinery, thereby realizing the calculation of the atmospheric particulate matter emission. The vehicle operation mechanical strength obtained by the method considers the actual vehicle mechanical working form, ensures the reliability of the obtained vehicle mechanical operation strength, and therefore realizes the accurate quantification of the dust particulate matter emission on the bare ground based on the reliable acquisition of the vehicle mechanical operation strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air pollution control technology, specifically to a method for calculating the amount of particulate matter emitted from exposed ground. Background Technology

[0002] Dust sources are mainly caused by factors such as vehicles, material transportation, and wind. These dust sources are unorganized and open, characterized by uncertain source strength, random emissions, and difficulty in quantification. While traditional methods of fixed monitoring instruments and manual field investigations offer high accuracy in dust source analysis, they require investment in hardware and human resources, increasing analysis costs. Furthermore, manual field investigations are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient, making them unsuitable for dust sources that are widely distributed and change rapidly over short periods.

[0003] Exposed ground is a major source of dust pollution. On one hand, exposed ground generates dust under the influence of wind; more importantly, the movement of vehicles and machinery on exposed ground produces even stronger dust emissions. However, unlike urban roads, where traffic flow data can be obtained through traffic models and video data, data on the intensity of vehicle and machinery activity on exposed ground is difficult to obtain due to a lack of observation and simulation methods. This lack of vehicle and machinery movement data makes quantifying the amount of particulate matter emitted from exposed ground virtually impossible. Therefore, the problem of obtaining vehicle and machinery movement data on exposed ground to quantify particulate matter emissions urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the amount of particulate matter emissions from exposed ground, in order to solve the problem that existing methods cannot accurately quantify the amount of particulate matter emissions from exposed ground due to the inability to accurately obtain vehicle and machinery driving data on exposed ground.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the method of this invention utilizes remote sensing image data to acquire the necessary information. Based on this information, it calculates the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity on exposed ground and the emission factor of dust particles generated by vehicle mechanical movement. Based on the activity intensity and emission factor, it determines the amount of dust particles emitted by vehicle mechanical movement. Then, based on the amount of dust particles emitted by vehicle mechanical movement, it calculates the atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0006] 1) Obtain remote sensing image data of the area to be measured, and obtain the location, type, geometric information, and distribution information of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground in the area to be measured based on the remote sensing image data.

[0007] 2) Obtain the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity and the emission factor of dust particles from vehicle mechanical movement on each exposed ground surface;

[0008] When the exposed ground type requires vehicles and machinery to transport materials from the surrounding land, the activity intensity of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground is as follows: the cargo capacity information of vehicles and machinery is determined according to the correspondence between the vehicle and machinery type and the cargo capacity of vehicles and machinery in the distribution information; the total amount of materials to be transported is determined according to the correspondence between the type and geometric information of the exposed ground and the amount of materials to be transported; and the total mileage of vehicles and machinery to transport materials on the bare soil road of the exposed ground is determined according to the total amount of materials, cargo capacity information, and geometric information. The total mileage is the activity intensity of vehicles and machinery.

[0009] Based on the type of vehicle machinery and the corresponding relationship between the type of exposed ground where the vehicle machinery is located and the particulate matter emission factor of the vehicle machinery, the particulate matter emission factor of the vehicle machinery under the type of exposed ground is determined.

[0010] 3) Obtain the dust particulate matter emission amount generated by vehicle mechanical driving by multiplying the dust particulate matter emission factor of vehicle mechanical driving by the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity, and calculate the atmospheric particulate matter emission amount of the area to be measured based on the dust particulate matter emission amount generated by vehicle mechanical driving.

[0011] The method of this invention has the following advantages: First, this invention considers that the process of a vehicle traveling on bare ground may be based on the need to transport materials around the bare ground, such as crops or building materials. Therefore, the activity intensity of the vehicle machinery in this process can be quantified as the total mileage of the vehicle transporting the materials. The total mileage is obtained by confirming the process of the vehicle machinery transporting the materials, and this total mileage is the vehicle machinery's operating intensity. The vehicle machinery operating intensity obtained by this method takes into account the actual working mode of the vehicle machinery, so the obtained vehicle machinery operating intensity data is consistent with reality, thus ensuring the reliability of the obtained vehicle machinery operating intensity. Furthermore, this invention uses the total amount of materials to be transported and the vehicle's load capacity to accurately determine the number of times the vehicle machinery needs to transport materials, i.e., the number of times it needs to travel on the bare ground. Therefore, after obtaining the total road length and the proportion of bare soil roads on the bare ground, the mileage of the vehicle machinery on the bare soil roads of the bare ground can be accurately determined, ensuring the accuracy of the obtained vehicle machinery driving data.

[0012] Secondly, this invention determines the particulate matter emission factors of vehicles and machinery under different types of exposed ground. Therefore, the obtained particulate matter emission factors are consistent with the actual situation of the corresponding exposed ground type and are a reliable data calculation process, thus ensuring the reliability of the obtained particulate matter emission factors. Therefore, this invention uses the product of the actual particulate matter emission factors of vehicles and machinery and the accurate vehicle and machinery data to obtain the particulate matter emission amount generated by vehicle and machinery driving. The obtained particulate matter emission amount generated by vehicle and machinery driving is a result consistent with the actual situation under the corresponding type of exposed land, thus ensuring the accuracy of the result. Therefore, the method of this invention achieves accurate quantification of the emissions generated by vehicles and machinery driving on exposed ground. Furthermore, based on the accurate quantification result and the particulate matter emission amount generated by other dust factors, the total particulate matter emission amount of exposed ground can be accurately quantified.

[0013] In addition, to enhance the accuracy of the results, this invention uses high-precision satellite remote sensing images when acquiring data, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the acquired data. As a result, the accuracy of the results obtained by using a calculation process that conforms to reality based on accurate data is improved.

[0014] Optionally, in step 2), the correspondence between the type and geometric information of the exposed ground and the amount of material to be transported is as follows:

[0015] m f =Y i ×A f ;

[0016] Where, m f Y represents the total amount of material that needs to be transported. i Let A be the mass of substance i per unit area corresponding to the type of exposed ground. f Let be the area of ​​the region where substance i is located in the geometric information.

[0017] Optionally, in step 2), based on the total amount of material, cargo capacity information, and geometric information, the total mileage U required for material transportation by the vehicle on the bare soil road is determined. f The calculation formula is:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, T j For the cargo load information, L represents the vehicle's mechanical load on material i. c Let P be the average length of the road per unit area in the region where substance i is located, given the geometric information. c This represents the proportion of the road length on exposed land to the total road length in the geometric information.

[0020] The method of this invention obtains the total amount of material by measuring the amount of material to be transported per unit area and the actual area of ​​the material to be transported on the bare ground. For example, if the material to be transported is crops, the total yield of crops on the bare ground can be accurately obtained by multiplying the yield per unit area of ​​crops by the area of ​​the field. The total amount of material determined by this method is the total amount of material that needs to be transported by vehicles. Then, based on the cargo capacity information of the corresponding vehicles, i.e. how much material the vehicle can carry each time, the actual number of transport trips is calculated by division. The actual number of transport trips is the number of times the vehicle needs to run on the bare ground. Then, by multiplying the average length of the road per unit area, the total area of ​​the region, and the length of the bare soil road as a percentage of the total length, the length of the bare soil road in the region can be accurately determined. Finally, by multiplying the length of the bare soil road in the region by the number of times the vehicle runs, the total mileage that the vehicles need to travel on the bare soil roads on the bare ground can be determined. In other words, this process of the invention realizes the calculation of the activity intensity of vehicles on the bare soil.

[0021] Optionally, in step 2), the correspondence between the type of vehicle machinery, the type of exposed ground where the vehicle machinery is located, and the particulate matter emission factor of the vehicle machinery is traveling is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Where E is the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle machinery under the type of exposed ground, k is the basic emission factor of vehicle machinery corresponding to the type of vehicle machinery, s is the silt content in the road dust corresponding to the type of exposed ground, S is the vehicle speed, M is the road dust moisture corresponding to the type of exposed ground, C is the emission factor of exhaust gas, braking and tire friction when vehicle machinery is in motion, p is the number of days with precipitation greater than 0.254 mm, snow is the number of days the road is covered by snow corresponding to the type of exposed ground, w is the average number of wheels of vehicle machinery, and W is the weight of vehicle machinery.

[0024] The method of the present invention for obtaining the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle mechanical driving not only takes into account the data information of the corresponding vehicle mechanical type, but also the driving environment. Therefore, based on the above calculation method, the obtained particulate matter emission factor of vehicle mechanical driving is consistent with the vehicle mechanical and the environment in which the vehicle is located, and the result has reliability and accuracy.

[0025] Optionally, in step 2), when the exposed ground type is other types, the vehicle mechanical activity intensity on the exposed ground is as follows: obtain the traffic flow information of known roads of the same type as the exposed ground and the traffic flow of the known roads per unit length on the satellite map; calculate the actual traffic flow information corresponding to the traffic flow of the exposed ground per unit length on the satellite map at the same time based on the ratio of the traffic flow information of the known roads to the traffic flow of the known roads per unit length on the satellite map; determine the total driving mileage of the vehicles on the exposed ground based on the actual traffic flow information, the total road length of the exposed ground, and the ratio of bare soil roads to the total roads on the exposed ground; the total driving mileage is the vehicle mechanical activity intensity.

[0026] Optionally, the total mileage V of the vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground is determined based on the actual traffic flow information, the total length of the exposed road surface, and the ratio of bare soil road surface to the total road surface. s The calculation formula is:

[0027] V s =D s ×L s ×M p ;

[0028]

[0029] Among them, D s For actual traffic flow information on exposed ground, L s M represents the total length of the road on exposed ground. p The percentage of bare soil roads to total roads, F n Given the traffic flow information of the known road, f n f represents the traffic flow per unit length of the known road on the satellite map. m This represents the traffic flow per unit length on the exposed ground surface on a satellite map at the same time.

[0030] This invention takes into account that vehicle and mechanical movement on exposed ground involves not only the transportation of materials from surrounding land but also other random situations. For example, if there are no materials to be transported around the exposed ground, and the vehicle or mechanical movement is merely passing through, dust and particulate matter emissions will still occur. Therefore, based on this situation, this invention also proposes a corresponding method for calculating the intensity of vehicle and mechanical activity. Specifically, it obtains the actual traffic flow information on the road to be measured by using known road information. Then, after obtaining the length of the road to be measured, the total intensity of vehicle and mechanical activity on the road to be measured can be obtained by multiplying the length by the traffic flow information. Furthermore, the traffic flow information of the known roads selected in this invention is the traffic flow information of roads of the same type as the area to be measured. Based on the ratio of the actual traffic flow information of the known roads to the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the known roads, and the same ratio of the actual traffic flow information of the road to be measured to the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the road to be measured, the actual traffic flow of the road to be measured is determined. That is, the method of obtaining the unknown traffic flow of the road to be measured by using known road information of the same type improves the reliability and accuracy of traffic flow measurement results.

[0031] Optionally, in step 3), the step of calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions of the area to be measured based on the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle mechanical movement includes: obtaining the wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor of the exposed ground according to the wind erosion dust information of the exposed ground corresponding to the type of exposed ground; determining the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions of the exposed ground based on the wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor; and calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions based on the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions and the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle mechanical movement.

[0032] Optionally, obtain the wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor E of exposed ground. s The calculation formula is:

[0033] E s =aICKL′V′;

[0034] Where a is the proportion of soil particulate matter loss that enters the atmosphere, I is the soil wind erosion index, C is the climate factor, K is the ground roughness factor, L' is the unshielded width factor, and V' is the vegetation cover factor.

[0035] Optionally, the step of calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions of the area to be measured based on the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle mechanical movement further includes: obtaining the dust particulate matter emission factor during the operation of exposed materials based on the material information corresponding to the exposed materials that need to be handled on the exposed ground; determining the dust particulate matter emissions during the operation of exposed materials based on the dust particulate matter emission factor during the operation of exposed materials; and the sum of the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle mechanical movement, the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions, and the dust particulate matter emissions during the operation of exposed materials is the atmospheric particulate matter emissions of the exposed ground.

[0036] Optionally, obtain the particulate matter emission factor E during the handling of exposed materials. D The calculation formula is:

[0037]

[0038] Where k is the particle size coefficient of the material, U is the average wind speed, M is the moisture content of the material, and η is the efficiency of the control measures.

[0039] This invention not only considers the main sources of dust, such as dust generated by wind and vehicles traveling on exposed ground, but also the dust generated during the handling of exposed materials. For example, if the exposed ground requires vehicles to transport construction materials to the surrounding construction site, dust will be generated not only by wind and vehicle movement, but also during the loading of earth and stone materials. Therefore, this invention proposes a method for calculating the amount of particulate matter emitted during the handling of exposed materials. By comprehensively considering the dust generated by vehicle movement, wind, and the handling of exposed materials, this invention achieves an accurate calculation of the amount of particulate matter emitted from exposed ground.

[0040] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground, as per the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a sub-meter-level satellite remote sensing image obtained in this embodiment.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a distribution map of different types of exposed ground obtained in this embodiment.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a distribution map of vehicles and machinery on exposed ground obtained in this embodiment.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a distribution map of vehicle mechanical activity intensity on exposed ground obtained using the method of this embodiment.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a distribution map of dust particulate matter emissions on exposed ground obtained using the method of this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Example of a method for measuring atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground

[0049] The method in this embodiment acquires the necessary data information through remote sensing imagery. Based on this data information and the reasons for vehicle and machinery driving on exposed ground, the intensity of vehicle and machinery activity is calculated. After determining the corresponding particulate matter emission factor based on this activity intensity, the amount of particulate matter emitted by vehicle and machinery can be determined. Furthermore, by combining this with the particulate matter emission caused by wind, the amount of particulate matter emitted from exposed ground can be calculated. This method solves the problem that it is difficult to obtain data on the activity intensity of vehicles and machinery on exposed ground due to the lack of observation and simulation methods. Moreover, the method in this embodiment achieves the acquisition of vehicle and machinery activity intensity data without requiring additional observation equipment for the area to be measured. Therefore, this method saves costs, improves efficiency, and achieves accurate quantification of particulate matter emissions from exposed ground.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the method in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0051] 1) Data acquisition of exposed ground and vehicle / machinery distribution based on satellite remote sensing imagery.

[0052] This embodiment obtains the data information required for subsequent steps based on remote sensing image data, such as the location of each exposed ground in the area to be measured, the type of exposed ground, the geometric information of the exposed ground, and the distribution information of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground.

[0053] This embodiment uses sub-meter level remote sensing satellite imagery data of the study area (such as...). Figure 2 The film was processed with orthorectification and blending to interpret the distribution of exposed ground within the area (e.g., Figure 3 The types of exposed ground interpreted include construction sites, other exposed ground, parks and green spaces, and agricultural land. The distribution of exposed ground includes its location, outline, area, and whether it is covered or has dust control measures in place. The distribution of vehicles and machinery includes their location and type (e.g., ...). Figure 4 ).

[0054] 2) Obtain the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity and the emission factor of dust particles from vehicle mechanical movement on each exposed ground surface.

[0055] In this embodiment, the vehicle mechanical activity intensity refers to the mileage of vehicles on bare ground. The calculation method is divided into different types of bare ground, considering vehicle activity assumptions, distinguishing land use types, different seasons, and distinguishing the mileage of vehicles transporting crops for harvest and other mileage.

[0056] This embodiment classifies exposed ground types by considering the reasons for vehicle and mechanical activities, in order to calculate the activity intensity of vehicles and machinery on exposed ground under different activity reasons. For example, if there is farmland or construction site on exposed ground (i.e., around the bare soil road), vehicles and machinery need to transport materials from the farmland or construction site on the bare soil road, thus generating vehicle and mechanical activity. In this case, the vehicle and mechanical activity intensity is determined based on the correspondence between vehicle and mechanical type and vehicle and mechanical load capacity in the distribution information to determine the load capacity information of the vehicle and machinery. Based on the type of exposed ground and the correspondence between geometric information and the amount of material to be transported, the total amount of material to be transported is determined. Based on the total amount of material, load capacity information, and geometric information, the total mileage that the vehicle and machinery need to travel on the bare soil road on the exposed ground is determined, and the total mileage is used as the vehicle and mechanical activity intensity.

[0057] The correspondence between the type and geometric information of exposed ground and the amount of material to be transported is as follows: the type of exposed ground corresponds to the amount of material Y per unit area of ​​material i. i The area A of the region where substance i is located f The product of these two quantities is the total amount of material that needs to be transported, m. f Determine the total mileage U required for material transport by vehicles and machinery on this bare dirt road. f The calculation formula is:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, Tj For the cargo load information, L represents the vehicle's mechanical load on material i. c Let P be the average length of the road per unit area in the region where substance i is located, given the geometric information. c This represents the proportion of the road length on exposed land to the total road length in the geometric information.

[0060] Based on the above analysis, when calculating the intensity of vehicle and mechanical activity on agricultural land caused by crop transportation, U f Y represents the driving distance (in km) on bare dirt roads in the exposed farmland area f. i Let A be the yield per unit area of ​​crop i. f Let T be the area of ​​field f. j L is the cargo capacity of vehicles used for transporting agricultural crops. c P represents the average length of roads per unit area of ​​agricultural land. c This refers to the proportion of bare soil roads to the total length of roads on agricultural land.

[0061] When calculating the intensity of vehicle and mechanical activity caused by earthwork transportation on bare ground at a construction site, U f Y represents the driving distance (in km) on the bare soil road in the exposed area f of the construction site. i Let A be the weight of earth and stone per unit area of ​​construction material i on the construction site. f Let T be the area of ​​the construction site f. j L is the cargo capacity of vehicles used for transporting construction materials. c P represents the average length of roads per unit area in a construction site. c This refers to the proportion of bare soil road length to the total road length at the construction site.

[0062] Secondly, in order to comprehensively consider all reasons for vehicle and mechanical movement, this embodiment also designs a method for calculating the intensity of vehicle and mechanical activity for other types of exposed ground where there is no material to be transported by vehicles and machinery in the surrounding land. This method involves obtaining traffic flow information of known roads of the same type as the exposed ground and the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the known roads. Based on the ratio of the traffic flow information of the known roads to the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the known roads, the actual traffic flow information corresponding to the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the exposed ground at the same time is calculated. Based on the actual traffic flow information, the total road length of the exposed ground, and the ratio of bare soil roads to the total road length, the total mileage of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground is determined. This total mileage is the required intensity of vehicle and mechanical activity.

[0063] The method for determining the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity in other bare land areas and other stages in this embodiment is as follows:

[0064] 1. Obtain traffic flow data:

[0065] Vehicles estimate traffic flow on roads using satellite imagery, and use roads with known traffic flow as a reference to estimate the traffic flow on the target road. The formula is:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, F n Given the traffic flow information of the known roads (in vehicles / day), f n F represents the traffic flow per unit length of this known road on a satellite map (in vehicles / day). m For actual traffic flow information on exposed ground (unit: vehicles / day), f m This represents the traffic flow per unit length on the exposed ground surface on a satellite map at the same time (unit: vehicles / day).

[0068] 2. Obtain the total mileage V of the vehicle's machinery on the exposed ground. s The formula for calculating (unit: km) is:

[0069] V s =D s ×L s ×M p ;

[0070] Among them, D s The actual traffic flow information on the exposed ground (i.e., the F calculated above) m ), L s M represents the total length of roads exposed on the ground (in km). p The percentage of bare soil roads to the total number of roads.

[0071] The mileage distribution map of vehicle mechanical activity intensity on exposed ground obtained using the method of this embodiment is shown below. Figure 5 As shown in the figure. In this implementation, when calculating the vehicle mechanical driving intensity of other types of exposed land, the traffic flow information of the known roads selected is the traffic flow information of roads of the same type as the area to be measured. Based on the ratio of the actual traffic flow information of the known roads to the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the known roads, and using the same method as the ratio of the actual traffic flow information of the road to be measured to the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the road to be measured, the actual traffic flow of the road to be measured is determined. That is, the method of using known road information of the same type to obtain the unknown traffic flow of the road to be measured improves the reliability and accuracy of the traffic flow measurement results.

[0072] Based on the determination of vehicle mechanical driving intensity as described above in this embodiment, after obtaining the vehicle mechanical driving dust particulate matter emission factor, the amount of dust particulate matter emitted by vehicle mechanical driving can be determined.

[0073] The method for determining the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle-driven dust in this embodiment is based on the correspondence between the type of vehicle-driven machinery, the type of exposed ground where the vehicle-driven machinery is located, and the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle-driven dust. The correspondence between the type of vehicle-driven machinery, the type of exposed ground where the vehicle-driven machinery is located, and the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle-driven dust is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Wherein, E is the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle machinery under the type of exposed ground, in g / (km·vehicle); k is the basic emission factor of the vehicle machinery corresponding to the type of vehicle machinery, which can be set according to the actual situation, for example, 558 g / (km·vehicle) is used in this embodiment; s is the content of silt (particles that can pass through a 200-mesh standard sieve) in the road dust corresponding to the type of exposed ground (this value is a percentage value); S is the vehicle speed of the machinery, in km / h; M is the road dust moisture corresponding to the type of exposed ground (this value is a percentage value); C is the emission factor of exhaust emissions, braking and tire friction when the vehicle machinery is in motion, which can be set according to the actual situation, for example, 0.1317 g / (km·vehicle) is used in this embodiment; p is the number of days with precipitation greater than 0.254 mm; snow is the number of days the road is covered by snow corresponding to the type of exposed ground; w is the average number of wheels of the machinery; and W is the weight of the machinery, in tons.

[0076] Based on the above analysis, this embodiment provides two methods for calculating the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle driving dust. Therefore, a specific method can be selected based on the acquired data to determine the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle driving dust.

[0077] 3) Determine the atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured.

[0078] This embodiment obtains the amount of dust particles emitted by vehicles during mechanical driving by multiplying the dust particle emission factor of vehicles during mechanical driving by the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity. The amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured is then calculated based on the amount of dust particles emitted by vehicles during mechanical driving.

[0079] In this embodiment, it is considered that exposed ground is the main source of dust generation. On the one hand, exposed ground generates dust under the action of wind, and on the other hand, the movement of vehicles and machinery on exposed ground generates even stronger dust emissions. Therefore, this embodiment not only calculates the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle and machinery movement, but also calculates the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions from exposed ground. This embodiment uses wind erosion dust information corresponding to the type of exposed ground to obtain the wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor of exposed ground, and determines the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions from exposed ground based on this wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor.

[0080] This embodiment obtains the wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor E from exposed ground. s (unit: g / m³) 2 The formula for calculating ) is:

[0081] E s =aICKL′V′;

[0082] Where a is the proportion of soil particulate matter loss that enters the atmosphere, TSP is 0.038, I is the soil wind erosion index, C is the climate factor (dimensionless), K is the ground roughness factor (dimensionless), L' is the unshielded width factor (dimensionless, the width of the unprotected area in the prevailing wind direction), 0.7 when the unshielded width is less than or equal to 300m, and 1.0 when it is greater than 600m, and V' is the vegetation cover factor (dimensionless, 1 when the ground is completely bare).

[0083] Secondly, the method in this embodiment not only considers the main sources of dust, such as dust generated by exposed ground under wind and dust generated by vehicles and machinery moving on exposed ground, but also considers that exposed materials will generate dust during operation. For example, if the type of exposed ground requires vehicles and machinery to transport construction materials to the construction site around the exposed ground, dust will be generated not only by wind and vehicle movement, but also during the loading of construction materials such as earth and stone. Therefore, this invention proposes a method for calculating the amount of particulate matter emitted during the operation of exposed materials.

[0084] The method for determining the particulate matter emission during the handling of exposed materials in this embodiment is as follows: Based on the material information corresponding to the exposed materials that need to be handled on the exposed ground, the particulate matter emission factor during the handling of exposed materials is obtained; based on the particulate matter emission factor during the handling of exposed materials, the particulate matter emission amount during the handling of exposed materials is determined, wherein the particulate matter emission factor E during the handling of exposed materials is obtained. D The calculation formula is:

[0085]

[0086] Where k is the particle size coefficient of the material, U is the average wind speed, M is the moisture content of the material, and η is the efficiency of the control measures.

[0087] The dust particle emission distribution map on exposed ground obtained using the method of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 6 As shown in the figure. This embodiment can accurately calculate the amount of particulate matter emitted from exposed ground by comprehensively considering the effects of vehicle and mechanical movement, wind, and dust particles generated by handling exposed materials. It solves the problem of not being able to obtain data on vehicle and mechanical activity on exposed ground, significantly improving the accuracy of data acquisition and increasing the precision of calculating particulate matter emissions from exposed ground, while avoiding additional investment in monitoring equipment and other hardware.

[0088] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Obtain remote sensing image data of the area to be measured, and obtain the location, type, geometric information, and distribution information of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground in the area to be measured based on the remote sensing image data. 2) Obtain the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity and the emission factor of dust particles from vehicle mechanical movement on each exposed ground surface; When the exposed ground type requires vehicles and machinery to transport materials from the surrounding land, the activity intensity of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground is as follows: the cargo capacity information of vehicles and machinery is determined according to the correspondence between the vehicle and machinery type and the cargo capacity of vehicles and machinery in the distribution information; the total amount of materials to be transported is determined according to the correspondence between the type and geometric information of the exposed ground and the amount of materials to be transported; and the total mileage of vehicles and machinery to transport materials on the bare soil road of the exposed ground is determined according to the total amount of materials, cargo capacity information, and geometric information. The total mileage is the activity intensity of vehicles and machinery. When the exposed ground type is other types, the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity on the exposed ground is as follows: obtain the traffic flow information of known roads of the same type as the exposed ground and the traffic flow of the known roads per unit length on the satellite map; calculate the actual traffic flow information corresponding to the traffic flow of the exposed ground per unit length on the satellite map at the same time based on the ratio of the traffic flow information of the known roads to the traffic flow of the known roads per unit length on the satellite map; determine the total driving distance of vehicles on the exposed ground based on the actual traffic flow information, the total road length of the exposed ground and the ratio of bare soil roads to the total roads; the total driving distance is the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity. Based on the type of vehicle machinery and the corresponding relationship between the type of exposed ground where the vehicle machinery is located and the particulate matter emission factor of the vehicle machinery, the particulate matter emission factor of the vehicle machinery under the type of exposed ground is determined. 3) Obtain the dust particulate matter emission amount generated by vehicle mechanical driving by multiplying the dust particulate matter emission factor of vehicle mechanical driving by the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity, and calculate the atmospheric particulate matter emission amount of the area to be measured based on the dust particulate matter emission amount generated by vehicle mechanical driving.

2. The method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the correspondence between the type and geometric information of the exposed ground and the amount of material to be transported is as follows: ； in, This refers to the total amount of material that needs to be transported. Let i be the mass of substance per unit area corresponding to the type of exposed ground. Let be the area of ​​the region where substance i is located in the geometric information.

3. The method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 2), based on the total amount of material, cargo capacity, and geometric information, the total mileage required for the vehicle to transport materials on the bare dirt road is determined. The calculation formula is: ； in, This refers to the load capacity of vehicle machinery on material i in the cargo capacity information. Let be the average length of the road per unit area in the region where substance i is located, given the geometric information. This represents the proportion of the road length on exposed land to the total road length in the geometric information.

4. The method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the correspondence between the type of vehicle machinery, the type of exposed ground where the vehicle machinery is located, and the particulate matter emission factor of the vehicle machinery is traveling is as follows: ； or ; Where E is the particulate matter emission factor of vehicle machinery under the type of exposed ground, k is the basic emission factor of vehicle machinery corresponding to the type of vehicle machinery, s is the silt content in the road dust corresponding to the type of exposed ground, S is the vehicle speed, M is the road dust moisture corresponding to the type of exposed ground, C is the emission factor of exhaust gas, braking and tire friction when vehicle machinery is in motion, p is the number of days with precipitation greater than 0.254 mm, snow is the number of days the road is covered by snow corresponding to the type of exposed ground, w is the average number of wheels of vehicle machinery, and W is the weight of vehicle machinery.

5. The method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the actual traffic flow information, the total length of exposed roads, and the ratio of bare soil roads to the total road surface, determine the total mileage V of vehicles and machinery on the exposed roads. s The calculation formula is: ； ； Among them, D s For actual traffic flow information on exposed ground, L s M represents the total length of the road on exposed ground. p The percentage of bare soil roads to total roads, F n Given the traffic flow information of the known road, f n f represents the traffic flow per unit length of the known road on the satellite map. m This represents the traffic flow per unit length on the exposed ground surface on a satellite map at the same time.

6. The method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 3) involves calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured based on the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle mechanical movement. This includes: obtaining the wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor of the exposed ground based on the wind erosion dust information corresponding to the type of exposed ground; determining the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions of the exposed ground based on the wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor; and calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions based on the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions and the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle mechanical movement.

7. The method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground according to claim 6, characterized in that, Obtain the wind erosion dust particulate matter emission factor E of exposed ground. s The calculation formula is: ； Where a is the proportion of soil particulate matter loss that enters the atmosphere, I is the soil wind erosion index, C is the climate factor, and K is the ground roughness factor. For unshielded width factor, This refers to vegetation cover factors.

8. The method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steps for calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions of the area to be measured based on the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle mechanical movement also include: obtaining the dust particulate matter emission factor during the operation of exposed materials based on the material information corresponding to the exposed materials that need to be handled on the exposed ground; determining the dust particulate matter emission amount during the operation of exposed materials based on the dust particulate matter emission factor during the operation of exposed materials; and the sum of the dust particulate matter emissions generated by vehicle mechanical movement, the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions, and the dust particulate matter emissions during the operation of exposed materials is the atmospheric particulate matter emission amount of the exposed ground.

9. The method for calculating atmospheric particulate matter emissions from exposed ground according to claim 8, characterized in that, Obtain the particulate matter emission factor E during the operation of exposed materials. D The calculation formula is: ； Where k is the particle size coefficient of the material, U is the average wind speed, and M is the moisture content of the material. To control the efficiency of measures.

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