Forest standing tree lightning shunting characteristic test system and lightning shunting characteristic test and analysis method

Abstract

This invention discloses a test system for lightning shunting characteristics of standing forest trees, as well as a test and analysis method for lightning shunting characteristics. The test system includes a lightning pulse current source, standing forest trees, a clamping mechanism, and a unit for controlling the lightning current and measuring and analyzing its electrical parameters. Based on the natural structural characteristics of standing forest trees, the system uses experimental data on the shunting of lightning current in different zones of the standing forest trees. Through statistical methods, it obtains the zoned characteristics of the standing forest trees and the correlation between the shunting characteristics of lightning current in different zones and factors such as the moisture content, temperature, and humidity of the standing forest trees. This forms a database of lightning shunting characteristics of standing forest trees that simulates the characteristics of lightning-induced fires in different regions, laying the foundation for multi-physics modeling of lightning strikes on forest combustibles, research on lightning-induced fire mechanisms, and prediction algorithms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to forest lightning fire characteristics testing technology, and particularly to a system for testing the lightning diversion characteristics of standing trees in forests, as well as methods for testing and analyzing lightning diversion characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning is a multiple, continuous, time-series discharge process. In this process, the first lightning strike plays a crucial role, involving the adhesion process between the lightning strike and combustible materials such as forest vegetation and standing trees. It directly affects the lightning current shunting characteristics of these materials, and is therefore of great significance for theoretical research on the smoldering or ignition mechanisms of forest lightning strikes. Existing research on lightning-induced fires mainly relies on predictive models built from historical lightning-induced fire data. These models predict the probability and location of lightning-induced fires based on meteorological conditions and forest conditions. However, there is a dearth of literature on the generation and development of lightning-induced fires, focusing on the physical processes or mechanisms of lightning adhesion and shunting in forest combustibles. Therefore, the accuracy of existing predictive models for lightning strike warnings is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a test system for lightning shunting characteristics of standing trees in forests, as well as a test and analysis method for lightning shunting characteristics, providing dynamic electrical characteristic laws for multi-physics field modeling and calculation of smoldering and ignition mechanisms caused by lightning strikes on standing trees in forests.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A test system for lightning shunt characteristics of standing trees in forests includes a lightning pulse current source, standing trees in forests, a clamping mechanism, a lightning current control unit, and a unit for measuring and analyzing its electrical parameters.

[0006] The lightning pulse current source is used to generate lightning pulse current, including a controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply and a lightning pulse current generating unit. The controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply monitors the charging voltage of the lightning pulse current generating unit online through a charging voltage monitoring sensor, and transmits the analog charging voltage to the control unit of the lightning current control and its electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit.

[0007] The standing trees in the forest are installed by a clamping mechanism and electrically connected to the lightning pulse current generating unit.

[0008] The clamping mechanism is a mounting fixture with a high-voltage electrode HV and multiple low-voltage electrodes LV. The high-voltage electrode HV is a circular electrode with the same size as the end face of the forest tree. The multiple low-voltage electrodes are circular or annular electrodes that correspond to the grain patterns on the other end face of the forest tree. The high-voltage electrode HV is electrically connected to the output high-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit, and the multiple low-voltage electrodes are electrically connected to the low-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit.

[0009] The lightning current control and its electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit is used to realize the control of the lightning diversion test of standing trees in the forest and the measurement and analysis of the electrical parameters of the lightning pulse current, including a control unit and a lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit.

[0010] Furthermore, the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply consists of an electronically controlled voltage regulator T1, a transformer T2, and a voltage multiplier capacitor C. B The system consists of a rectifier silicon stack D1, a rectifier silicon stack D2, and a current-limiting resistor Rc; the lightning pulse current generating unit consists of a pulse energy storage capacitor C, a high-voltage discharge switch G, a waveform forming inductor L, and a resistor R. The forest trees under test and their clamping mechanism are connected in series in the circuit of the energy storage capacitor C, the discharge switch G, the waveform forming inductor L, and the resistor R.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes an insulating plate and a quadrilateral movable clamp with adjustable clamping size mounted on the insulating plate. The movable clamp consists of four stop bars connected by bolts. The movable clamp is installed in a sliding groove opened in the insulating plate. The center of the insulating plate has a circular hole with a diameter not less than the diameter of the standing tree. Multiple low-voltage electrodes LV1 to LVN that are in close contact with the bottom end face of the standing tree are led out through the circular hole, where N is the number of partitions of the wood grain of the standing tree.

[0012] Multiple low-voltage electrodes LV1 to LVN are electrically connected to the low-voltage output port of the lightning pulse current generating unit. Current sensing coils L1, L2, ..., LN are used to measure the lightning current in each zone of the forest standing trees. These coils are used to measure the lightning current shunt data Im1, Im2, ..., ImN in each area of ​​the forest standing trees.

[0013] Furthermore, the control unit includes a charging voltage monitoring circuit, a programmable logic controller (PLC) and its related control circuits. The charging voltage monitoring circuit receives signals from the charging voltage monitoring sensor, processes them through the PLC and its related control circuits, and outputs control signals to the PLC and its related control circuits to control the discharge of the high-voltage discharge switch G of the lightning pulse current generating unit. The PLC and its related control circuits also work in conjunction with the industrial control computer of the lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit to control the connection / disconnection, high voltage rise / fall, and discharge control of the discharge switch G during the charging process of the lightning shunting characteristic test of forest trees, thereby realizing the automatic control of the lightning shunting characteristic test process of forest trees.

[0014] Furthermore, the lightning pulse current parameter measurement and analysis unit includes pulse current sensors 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-N, a digital oscilloscope, and an industrial control computer; the pulse current sensors 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-N and the digital oscilloscope jointly measure the lightning shunting characteristics of different areas of forest trees; the industrial control computer processes and analyzes the lightning shunting signals of different areas of forest trees obtained by the digital oscilloscope to obtain lightning zoning of forest trees and shunting characteristics of different zones, including parameters such as forest tree moisture content, ambient temperature and humidity, and lightning current point electrical parameters.

[0015] A test and analysis method for the lightning strike diversion characteristics of standing trees in forests includes the following steps:

[0016] (1) Sample selection and treatment: Forest standing tree samples with typical forest areas were selected and the samples were treated to obtain multiple forest standing tree samples with different temperatures, humidity and moisture content.

[0017] (2) Select the first forest tree specimen S1 with the highest moisture content for testing; each electrode of the clamping mechanism is electrically connected to the lightning pulse current generating unit, the high voltage electrode HV is in close contact with the top surface of the forest tree, and multiple low voltage electrodes LV1 to LVN are in close contact with the different texture zones on the bottom surface of the forest tree respectively.

[0018] 1) Apply lightning current pulses of different peak values ​​to the standing trees in the forest. The lightning pulse current generating unit outputs the preset first discharge current point I1, and obtains the corresponding shunt data I11, I12, ..., I1N of the standing trees in the forest.

[0019] 2) Gradually change the output current of the lightning pulse current generating unit so that the preset discharge current point changes from I1 to Im, and obtain the corresponding shunt data Im1, Im2, ..., ImN of the standing trees in the forest;

[0020] 3) Analyze the lightning diversion data of forest standing trees I11, I12, ..., I1N up to Im1, Im2, ..., ImN. If the deviation between two adjacent diversion data of forest standing trees is less than the required value under the action of lightning current pulses of no less than 5 data points, then the two adjacent partitions will be merged.

[0021] 4) Repeat steps 2) to 4) for the lightning current zone after merging the forest standing trees until the lightning current zone of forest standing tree sample S1 is determined.

[0022] 5) Select the next sample with a different moisture content and repeat steps 1) to 5) until all samples with different moisture contents have been tested in the lightning zone.

[0023] (3) For forest standing tree specimens with different temperatures and humidity, repeat the experimental process of step (2) to obtain lightning current shunting data for each area of ​​forest standing tree specimens with different temperatures and humidity.

[0024] (4) Statistical analysis was performed on all lightning diversion test data of forest trees to obtain the intrinsic relationship between lightning diversion zones, diversion characteristics and moisture content of forest tree specimens, temperature and humidity of forest tree climate environment, and lightning parameters, and to form a lightning diversion database and characteristic laws of forest trees.

[0025] This invention focuses on the lightning shunting characteristics of standing trees in forests struck by lightning. It establishes an experimental system for the lightning shunting characteristics of standing trees and proposes experimental and analytical methods for these characteristics. Based on the natural structural features of standing trees, and using experimental data on the shunting of lightning current in different zones of the forest, statistical methods are employed to obtain the zoned characteristics of standing trees and the correlation between the shunting characteristics of lightning current in different zones and factors such as moisture content, temperature, and humidity of the standing tree samples. This results in a database of lightning shunting characteristics of standing trees simulating the characteristics of lightning-induced fires in different regions, laying the foundation for multi-physics modeling of forest combustibles struck by lightning, research on lightning fire mechanisms, and prediction algorithms.

[0026] This invention employs an electrode structure consisting of a single integral high-voltage electrode and multiple circular or annular low-voltage electrodes. The structural dimensions of the multiple annular low-voltage electrodes correspond to the structural parameters of forest trees. By injecting lightning current pulses of different peak values ​​into the forest trees, shunting data of the forest trees under the action of lightning current pulses of different peak values ​​can be obtained. The correlation between the shunting characteristics of forest trees under lightning strikes and the climate environment, the mode of lightning current action, and electrical parameters is obtained, providing dynamic electrical characteristic laws for multiphysics field modeling and calculation of smoldering and ignition mechanisms induced by lightning strikes on forest trees. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the lightning shunt characteristic test system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a circuit block diagram of the lightning shunt characteristic test system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This invention relates to a clamping mechanism for testing the lightning diversion characteristics of standing trees in forests.

[0030] Among them, (a) is a three-dimensional view, and (b) is a schematic diagram of electrode installation on standing trees in the forest;

[0031] Figure 4 A flowchart for the experimental and analytical methods of lightning diversion characteristics of standing trees in forests. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0033] join Figure 1 , Figure 2 The lightning current diversion characteristic test system for standing trees in forests of the present invention consists of a lightning pulse current source 1, standing trees in forests 2, a clamping mechanism, and a lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit 3.

[0034] The lightning pulse current source 1 mainly consists of a controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 and a lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2. In actual testing, the charging voltage of the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 to the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 is monitored online by a charging voltage monitoring sensor 1-3, and the analog charging voltage is transmitted to the control unit 31 of the lightning current control and its electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit 3. The function of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 is to generate lightning pulse current waves.

[0035] See Figure 2 This is the principle circuit of the lightning pulse current source 1. Given the extremely high voltage environment with extremely high amplitude during actual lightning strikes, the operating voltage of the lightning pulse power supply in this application cannot be too low, at least 50kV-100kV or even higher. Therefore, the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 can adopt the usual rectification and filtering charging method, but it is best to adopt the voltage multiplier charging method to avoid corona discharge during the experiment, which would affect the reliability and stability of the lightning pulse current source.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 mainly consists of an electronically controlled voltage regulator T1, a transformer T2, and a voltage multiplier capacitor C. BThe system consists of rectifier silicon stacks D1 and D2 and a current-limiting resistor Rc. The lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 mainly consists of a pulse energy storage capacitor C, a high-voltage discharge switch G, a waveform forming inductor L, and a resistor R. These components are electrically connected in series, and the forest tree under test 2 and its clamping mechanism are connected in series in the circuit of the energy storage capacitor C, the discharge switch G, the waveform forming inductor L, and the resistor R.

[0037] To improve the reliability and credibility of lightning shunt characteristic data of forest trees under repeated lightning strikes, the lightning pulse current source should ensure that the amplitude of the pulse current flowing through the forest trees is not too large, and it is recommended to be on the order of several kA. Otherwise, the trees may burst and it will be impossible to obtain shunt characteristic data of no less than m (≥5) data points.

[0038] The function of the lightning current control and its electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit 3 is to control the lightning shunting test of standing trees in forests and to measure and analyze the electrical parameters of the lightning pulse current. It mainly consists of a control unit 31 and a lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit 32. The control unit 31 mainly consists of a charging voltage monitoring circuit 31-1 and a programmable logic controller (PLC) and its related control circuits 31-2. The charging voltage monitoring circuit 31-1 of the control unit 31 receives the signal transmitted from the charging voltage monitoring sensor 1-3, and after processing by the PLC and its related control circuits 31-2, it can output a control signal to the PLC and its related control circuits 31-2, thereby controlling the discharge of the high-voltage discharge switch G of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2. Furthermore, the PLC and its related control circuits 31-2, in conjunction with the industrial control computer 32-4 of the lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit 32, control the connection / disconnection of the charging process, the rise / fall of the high voltage, and the discharge control of the discharge switch G in the lightning shunting characteristic test of standing trees in forests, realizing the automatic control of the lightning shunting characteristic test process of standing trees in forests.

[0039] The lightning pulse current parameter measurement and analysis unit 32 mainly consists of pulse current sensors 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-N, a digital oscilloscope 32-3, and an industrial control computer 32-4. The pulse current sensors 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-N, in conjunction with the digital oscilloscope 32-3, measure the lightning shunt characteristics of different areas of the standing trees in the forest. The industrial control computer 32-4 processes and analyzes the lightning shunt signals of different areas of the standing trees obtained by the digital oscilloscope 32-2, thereby obtaining parameters including the moisture content of the standing trees, ambient temperature and humidity, and lightning current point electrical parameters, as well as the lightning zoning of the standing trees and the shunt characteristics of different zoning areas. Specifically, if the number of lightning current zoning areas of the standing trees is greater than four, two sets of oscilloscopes or a multi-channel data acquisition system can be used in conjunction with the industrial computer for data acquisition, recording, and analysis.

[0040] See Figure 3 The clamping mechanism for the lightning shunt test of forest trees is to install the forest trees on a mounting fixture with one high-voltage electrode HV and multiple low-voltage electrodes LV. The high-voltage electrode HV is electrically connected to the output high-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2, and the multiple low-voltage electrodes are electrically connected to the low-voltage port (or return electrode) of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 respectively.

[0041] The clamping mechanism for the forest standing tree serves to fix the forest standing tree 2. It consists of an electrode unit and a fixed insulating support mechanism. The electrode unit includes a high-voltage electrode HV and multiple circular or annular low-voltage electrodes corresponding to the grain patterns on the end face of the forest standing tree. For a forest standing tree specimen with a certain end face structure, the high-voltage electrode HV is a circular electrode with the same size as the end face of the forest standing tree. The sizes of the multiple circular or annular low-voltage electrodes corresponding to the grain patterns on the end face of the forest standing tree vary with the lightning zone of the forest standing tree. The fixed insulation support mechanism includes an insulation plate a1 and a quadrilateral movable clamp a2 with adjustable clamping size mounted on the insulation plate a1. The movable clamp a2 consists of four stops connected by bolts. By adjusting the installation position of each stop, it is possible to clamp trees of different diameters. A sliding groove is opened on the insulation plate a1, and the movable clamp a2 is installed in the sliding groove to change its position, thereby moving the movable clamp a2 on the insulation plate. A circular hole with a diameter not less than the diameter of the forest tree is opened in the center of the insulation plate. Its purpose is to lead out multiple low-voltage electrodes LV1 to LVN that are in close contact with the bottom end face of the forest tree, where N is the number of partitions of the forest tree's grain.

[0042] Multiple low-voltage electrodes LV1 to LVN, which are in close contact with the bottom surface of the forest tree, are electrically connected to the low-voltage output port of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2. Current sensing coils L1, L2, ..., LN are used to measure the lightning current in each zone of the forest tree. The lightning current shunt data Im1, Im2, ..., ImN of each zone of the forest tree are measured respectively.

[0043] See Figure 4 The experimental and analytical procedures for the lightning strike diversion characteristics of standing trees in forests are as follows:

[0044] (1) Sample selection and treatment: Select forest standing tree samples from typical forest areas and treat the samples, including temperature, humidity, and moisture content, to simulate the actual environment of different plants under different seasons and climatic conditions. Prepare forest standing tree samples with different moisture contents, at least 5 samples with different moisture contents (denoted as S1 to S5). The samples can be selected from typical forests with different climatic characteristics (such as the Greater Khingan Mountains, Liangzhou, etc.).

[0045] (2) Select / reselect the first forest standing tree specimen S1 with the highest moisture content for the test;

[0046] The standing trees are installed in the clamping mechanism. The electrodes of the clamping mechanism are electrically connected to the lightning pulse current generating unit. The high-voltage electrode HV is in close contact with the top surface of the standing trees, and multiple low-voltage electrodes LV1 to LVN are in close contact with the different texture zones on the bottom surface of the standing trees.

[0047] 1) Apply lightning current pulses with different peak values ​​to standing trees in the forest, select m (≥5) discharge current (or discharge voltage) points, and realize the output of the preset discharge current peak value through the discharge voltage of lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2.

[0048] To improve the reliability and credibility of lightning shunt characteristic data of forest trees under repeated lightning strikes, the lightning pulse current source should ensure that the amplitude of the pulse current flowing through the forest trees is not too large, preferably in the range of several kA. Otherwise, the trees may burst and it will be impossible to obtain shunt characteristic data of no less than m (≥5) data points.

[0049] 2) Change the charging voltage of the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 to the energy storage capacitor of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2. When the control unit 31 detects that the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor is greater than or equal to the preset discharge voltage U1, the control unit 31 outputs a discharge pulse to the controllable high-voltage discharge switch G of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2. The lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 outputs the preset first discharge current point I1, corresponding to the shunt data I11, I12, ..., I1N of the standing trees in the forest. Similarly, change the charging voltage of the controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply 1-1 to the energy storage capacitor of the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 until the lightning pulse current generating unit 1-2 outputs the preset first discharge current point Im, corresponding to the shunt data Im1, Im2, ..., ImN of the standing trees in the forest.

[0050] 3) Analyze the lightning current distribution data of forest trees I11, I12, ..., I1N up to Im1, Im2, ..., ImN. If the deviation between two adjacent data points of forest trees is very small (e.g., less than 5%) under the action of lightning current pulses of no less than 5 data points, then the two adjacent partitions can be merged.

[0051] 4) Repeat steps 2) to 4) for the lightning current zone after merging the forest standing trees until the lightning current zone of forest standing tree sample S1 is determined.

[0052] 5) Select the next sample with a different moisture content and repeat steps 1) to 5) until all samples with different moisture contents have been tested in the lightning zone.

[0053] (3) For forest tree specimens with different temperatures and humidity, the test method is the same as that for specimens with different moisture contents. The test process can be repeated to obtain the results.

[0054] (4) Statistical analysis was performed on all lightning diversion test data of forest trees to obtain the intrinsic relationship between the lightning diversion zones and diversion characteristics of forest trees and the moisture content of forest tree specimens, the temperature and humidity of the forest tree climate environment, and lightning parameters, thus forming a lightning diversion database and characteristic laws of forest trees.

Claims

1. A test system for lightning diversion characteristics of standing trees in forests, characterized in that: It includes a lightning pulse current source (1), standing trees in the forest (2), a clamping mechanism, a lightning current control and electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit (3); The lightning pulse current source (1) is used to generate lightning pulse current, including a controllable high voltage DC charging power supply (1-1) and a lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2). The controllable high voltage DC charging power supply (1-1) monitors the charging voltage of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2) online through a charging voltage monitoring sensor (1-3), and transmits the analog quantity of the charging voltage to the control unit (31) of the lightning current control and its electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit (3). The standing trees (2) in the forest are installed by a clamping mechanism and electrically connected to the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2); The clamping mechanism is a mounting fixture with a high-voltage electrode HV and multiple low-voltage electrodes LV. The high-voltage electrode HV is a circular electrode with the same size as the end face of the forest tree. The multiple low-voltage electrodes are circular or annular electrodes that correspond to the grain patterns on the other end face of the forest tree. The high-voltage electrode HV is electrically connected to the output high-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2), and the multiple low-voltage electrodes are electrically connected to the low-voltage port of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2). The lightning current control and its electrical parameter measurement and analysis unit (3) is used to realize the control of the lightning diversion test of forest standing trees and the measurement and analysis of the electrical parameters of lightning pulse current, including the control unit (31) and the lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit (32).

2. The forest standing tree lightning diversion characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controllable high-voltage DC charging power supply (1-1) consists of an electronically controlled voltage regulator T1, a transformer T2, and a voltage multiplier capacitor C. B The system consists of a rectifier silicon stack D1, a rectifier silicon stack D2, and a current-limiting resistor Rc; the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2) consists of a pulse energy storage capacitor C, a high-voltage discharge switch G, a waveform forming inductor L, and a resistor R. The forest standing tree (2) under test and its clamping mechanism are connected in series in the circuit of the energy storage capacitor C, the discharge switch G, the waveform forming inductor L, and the resistor R.

3. The forest standing tree lightning diversion characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism includes an insulating plate (a1) and a quadrilateral movable clamp (a2) with adjustable clamping size mounted on the insulating plate (a1). The movable clamp (a2) consists of four stop bars connected by bolts. The movable clamp (a2) is installed in a sliding groove opened on the insulating plate (a1). The center of the insulating plate has a circular hole with a diameter not less than the diameter of the standing tree. Multiple low-voltage electrodes LV1 to LVN that are in close contact with the bottom end face of the standing tree are led out through the circular hole, where N is the number of partitions of the wood grain of the standing tree. Multiple low-voltage electrodes LV1~LVN are electrically connected to the low-voltage output port of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2) and are fitted with current sensing coils L1, L2, ..., LN for measuring the lightning current in each zone of the forest standing trees. These coils are used to measure the lightning current shunt data Im1, Im2, ..., ImN in each area of ​​the forest standing trees, where m is the number of lightning current shunt data points and m≥5.

4. The forest standing tree lightning diversion characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit (31) includes a charging voltage monitoring circuit (31-1), a programmable controller and its related control circuit (31-2); the charging voltage monitoring circuit (31-1) receives the signal transmitted from the charging voltage monitoring sensor (1-3), and after processing by the programmable controller and its related control circuit (31-2), outputs a control signal to the programmable controller and its related control circuit (31-2) to discharge the high voltage discharge switch G of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2); the programmable controller and its related control circuit (31-2) also work together with the industrial control computer (32-4) of the lightning pulse current measurement and analysis unit (32) to control the connection / disconnection, high voltage rise / fall and discharge control of the charging process of the lightning shunting characteristic test of forest trees, so as to realize the automatic control of the lightning shunting characteristic test process of forest trees.

5. The forest standing tree lightning diversion characteristic test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning pulse current parameter measurement and analysis unit (32) includes pulse current sensors (32-1), (32-2), ..., (32-N), a digital oscilloscope (32-3), and an industrial control computer (32-4). The pulse current sensors (32-1), (32-2), ..., (32-N) and the digital oscilloscope (32-3) jointly measure the lightning shunting characteristics of different areas of forest trees with different temperatures, humidity, and moisture content. The industrial control computer (32-4) processes and analyzes the lightning shunting signals of different areas of forest trees measured by the digital oscilloscope (32-2) to obtain the inherent correlation between the forest tree lightning zoning and the shunting characteristics of different zoning areas, based on the forest tree moisture content, ambient temperature and humidity, and lightning current point electrical parameters.

6. A test and analysis method for the lightning strike diversion characteristics of standing trees in forests based on the test system of claim 3, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) Sample selection and treatment: Forest standing tree samples with typical forest areas were selected and the samples were treated to obtain multiple forest standing tree samples with different temperatures, humidity and moisture content. (2) Select the first forest tree specimen S1 with the highest moisture content for testing; each electrode of the clamping mechanism is electrically connected to the lightning pulse current generating unit, the high voltage electrode HV is in close contact with the top surface of the forest tree, and multiple low voltage electrodes LV1 to LVN are in close contact with the different texture zones on the bottom surface of the forest tree respectively. 1) Apply lightning current pulses of different peak values ​​to the standing trees in the forest. The lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2) outputs the preset first discharge current point I1, and obtains the corresponding shunt data I11, I12, ..., I1N of the standing trees in the forest. 2) Gradually change the output current of the lightning pulse current generating unit (1-2) so that the preset discharge current point changes from I1 to Im, and obtain the corresponding shunt data Im1, Im2, ..., ImN of the standing trees in the forest; 3) Analyze the lightning diversion data of forest standing trees I11, I12, ..., I1N up to Im1, Im2, ..., ImN. If the deviation between two adjacent diversion data of forest standing trees is less than the required value under the action of lightning current pulses of no less than 5 data points, then the two adjacent partitions will be merged. 4) Repeat steps 2) to 3) for the lightning current zone after merging the forest standing trees until the lightning current zone of forest standing tree sample S1 is determined. 5) Select the next sample with a different moisture content and repeat steps 1) to 4) until all samples with different moisture contents have been tested in the lightning zone. (3) For forest standing tree specimens with different temperatures and humidity, repeat the experimental process of step (2) to obtain lightning current shunting data for each area of ​​forest standing tree specimens with different temperatures and humidity. (4) Statistical analysis was performed on all lightning diversion test data of forest trees to obtain the intrinsic relationship between lightning diversion zones, diversion characteristics and moisture content of forest tree specimens, temperature and humidity of forest tree climate environment, and lightning parameters, and to form a lightning diversion database and characteristic laws of forest trees.

Images