Burning explosion experiment device of battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a blast experiment device of a battery, the blast experiment device comprises a low-pressure environment module, a heating device module and a data acquisition module, the low-pressure environment module comprises a blast box and an air extractor, the air extractor is connected with the blast box and is used for extracting air from the blast box, and the heating device module is used for heating the blast box. The heating device module is connected with the explosion box so that a low-pressure environment can be formed in the explosion box, the heating device module is used for heating a battery located in the explosion box, and the data acquisition module is connected with the explosion box and used for acquiring explosion pressure after thermal runaway of the battery. According to the scheme, the problem that a battery thermal runaway experiment device cannot simulate the thermal runaway phenomenon in a low-voltage environment in air transportation in the prior art can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of battery explosion test devices, and in particular to a battery explosion test device. Background Art

[0002] Batteries are identified as hazardous goods during transportation, especially in air transportation. Thermal runaway of a single battery can generate enough heat to cause cascading failures of adjacent batteries, leading to catastrophic accidents. Once a battery catches fire, it will quickly ignite nearby batteries, causing fires and explosions. Battery combustion is difficult to extinguish with ordinary fire extinguishers and will produce toxic smoke. By studying the propagation laws of explosion overpressure and thermal runaway flames in a low-pressure battery environment, it is of great significance to the fire prevention and control work and comprehensive anti-explosion countermeasures of battery transportation systems in air transportation. The triggering and monitoring device that can simulate the occurrence of thermal runaway of batteries in a low-pressure environment in air transportation is a necessary research method.

[0003] Existing experimental equipment for battery thermal runaway is mainly used to study safety tests in a single normal pressure environment and cannot simulate the thermal runaway phenomenon in the low-pressure environment of air transportation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention discloses a battery explosion test device to solve the problem that the battery thermal runaway test device in the related art cannot simulate the thermal runaway phenomenon in the low-pressure environment of aviation transportation.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved as follows: The present application discloses a battery explosion experiment device, which includes a low-pressure environment module, a heating device module and a data acquisition module, wherein the low-pressure environment module includes an explosion box and a vacuum device, the vacuum device is connected to the explosion box and is used to vacuum the explosion box to form a low-pressure environment inside the explosion box, the heating device module is used to heat the battery located in the explosion box, and the data acquisition module is connected to the explosion box and is used to collect the explosion pressure of the battery after thermal runaway.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention can achieve the following technical effects: The explosion experiment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a low-pressure environment module, and the low-pressure environment module is provided with a structure including an explosion box and an exhaust device, so that the exhaust device can exhaust the explosion box to form a low-pressure environment inside the explosion box, thereby simulating the different low-pressure environments in which the battery is located when being transported by air. Then, when the battery is located in the explosion box for the explosion experiment, the heating device module can heat the battery located in the explosion box to cause the battery to thermally run away, and the data acquisition module can collect the explosion pressure after the battery thermal runaway, and after analyzing the collected explosion pressure data, it can provide strong support for the safety protection of the subsequent battery in air transportation. Since the low-pressure environment module can simulate the different low-pressure environments in which the battery is located when being transported by air, it can solve the problem that the battery thermal runaway experimental device in the related art cannot simulate the thermal runaway phenomenon in the low-pressure environment in air transportation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the explosion experiment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-way valve disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 The first arrangement of multiple pressure sensors disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The second arrangement of the plurality of pressure sensors disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 The data of explosion pressure of the explosion experiment conducted by taking 18650-4.2V cylindrical single lithium ion battery as an example disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0008] Description of reference numerals: 110-combustion box, 120-exhaust device, 130-exhaust device, 140-three-way valve, 151-first sealing valve, 152-second sealing valve, 160-first pipeline, 170-second pipeline, 210-heating element, 220-temperature controller, 230-electrical connecting wire, 310-pressure sensor, 320-data acquisition instrument, 330-data transmission cable, 340-cooler, 350-cooling pipeline, 410-Pressure gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0010] The technical solutions disclosed in various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0011] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The embodiment of the present invention discloses a battery explosion test device, the battery can be a lithium-ion battery or other types of batteries, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of battery. The disclosed explosion test device includes a low-pressure environment module, a heating device module and a data acquisition module.

[0012] The low-pressure environment module is used to simulate the different low-pressure environments that batteries are in when transported by air. The low-pressure environment module includes a combustion and explosion box 110 and a vacuum device 120. The combustion and explosion box 110 provides a place for batteries to conduct combustion and explosion experiments, and batteries can be subjected to combustion and explosion experiments in the combustion and explosion box 110. The combustion and explosion box 110 is a closable box. When placing batteries in the combustion and explosion box 110, the combustion and explosion box 110 can be in an open state. During the combustion and explosion experiment, the combustion and explosion box 110 can be in a closed state.

[0013] At least one of the front side wall, rear side wall, left side wall, right side wall or bottom wall of the explosion box 110 is made of explosion-proof glass to form a transparent window, so that the situation inside the explosion box 110 can be easily observed. In a specific embodiment, the explosion box 110 can include a box body, explosion-proof glass and a steel frame, the steel frame can have a groove, the four sides of the explosion-proof glass can be stuck in the groove of the steel frame, and the steel frame is connected to the box body by flange bolts, so as to achieve the installation of the explosion-proof glass. A sealing ring can be provided between the explosion-proof glass and the box body, and between the explosion-proof glass and the steel frame, so as to ensure the sealing performance inside the explosion box 110.

[0014] The exhaust device 120 is connected to the explosion box 110, and is used to exhaust the explosion box 110 to form a low-pressure environment inside the explosion box 110, thereby simulating different low-pressure environments that batteries are in when transported by air. A pressure gauge 410 can be provided on the explosion box 110, and the pressure gauge 410 can detect the pressure inside the explosion box 110.

[0015] The heating device module is used to heat the battery in the explosion box 110. The heating device module is used to preheat and increase the temperature of the battery in the explosion box 110 so that the battery will have thermal runaway. The data acquisition module is connected to the explosion box and is used to collect the explosion pressure after the battery has thermal runaway.

[0016] The explosion experiment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a low-pressure environment module, and the low-pressure environment module is provided with a structure including an explosion box 110 and an exhaust device 120, so that the exhaust device 120 can exhaust the explosion box 110 to form a low-pressure environment inside the explosion box 110, thereby simulating different low-pressure environments in which the battery is located when being transported by air, and then when the battery is located in the explosion box 110 for the explosion experiment, the heating device module can heat the battery located in the explosion box 110 to cause the battery to thermally run away, and the data acquisition module can collect the explosion pressure of the battery after thermal runaway, and after analyzing the collected explosion pressure data, it can provide strong support for the safety protection of the subsequent battery in air transportation. Since the low-pressure environment module can simulate the different low-pressure environments in which the battery is located when being transported by air, it can solve the problem that the battery thermal runaway experimental device in the related art cannot simulate the thermal runaway phenomenon of the low-pressure environment in air transportation.

[0017] Optionally, the low-pressure environment module may further include an exhaust device 130 and a three-way valve 140, wherein the first opening of the three-way valve 140 may be connected to the air extraction device 120, the second opening of the three-way valve 140 may be connected to the atmosphere, and the third opening of the three-way valve 140 may be connected to the explosion box 110. The exhaust device 130 may be connected to the explosion box 110, and the third opening may be connected to opposite sides of the explosion box 110, respectively, and the explosion experiment device may have an experimental state and a cleaning state.

[0018] Under the experimental state, the passage between the exhaust device 130 and the explosion box 110 can be closed, the exhaust device 120 is connected to the explosion box 110 through the first opening and the third opening, and the second opening is closed. At this time, the exhaust device 120 can exhaust the explosion box 110 to form a low-pressure environment in the explosion box 110.

[0019] In the cleaning state, the passage between the exhaust device 130 and the explosion box 110 is opened, the explosion box 110 is connected to the atmosphere through the second opening and the third opening, and the first opening is closed. The exhaust device 130 can be a device in the form of exhaust. At this time, the second opening of the three-way valve 140 is the gas inlet, and the third opening of the three-way valve 140 is the gas outlet. When the exhaust device 130 is exhausting, the gas enters from the second opening of the three-way valve 140, and passes through the third opening of the three-way valve 140 and the explosion box 110 in sequence, and then is discharged from the exhaust device 130. Of course, the exhaust device 130 can be a device in the form of blowing. At this time, the third opening of the three-way valve 140 is the gas inlet, and the second opening of the three-way valve 140 is the gas outlet. When the exhaust device 130 is blowing, the gas passes through the explosion box 110, the third opening of the three-way valve 140, and the second opening of the three-way valve 140 in sequence, and then is discharged, thereby purging the explosion box 110 to achieve cleaning of the explosion box 110.

[0020] The explosion test device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is provided with an exhaust device 130, so that after the explosion test of the battery is completed, the exhaust device 130 can be used to blow out the residual gas in the explosion box 110, and ventilation can be maintained for a period of time to clean the explosion box 110, thereby avoiding harmful gas residues and accidental inhalation by personnel.

[0021] Specifically, the exhaust device 120 can be connected to the explosion box 110 through the first pipeline 160, the three-way valve 140 can be provided in the first pipeline 160, and the first pipeline 160 can be provided with a first sealing valve 151 at the connection with the explosion box 110, so that the first pipeline 160 is sealed and connected to the explosion box 110. The exhaust device 130 can be connected to the explosion box 110 through the second pipeline 170, and the connection between the second pipeline 170 and the explosion box 110 can be provided with a second sealing valve 152, so that the second pipeline 170 is sealed and connected to the explosion box 110.

[0022] Optionally, the heating device module may include an infrared heating lamp, which may heat the battery in the explosion box 110 through a transparent window.

[0023] In another embodiment, the heating device module may include a heating element 210, a thermostat 220, and an electrical connection line 230. The explosion box 110 may be provided with a first avoidance hole, the heating element 210 may be arranged in the explosion box 110, and the first avoidance hole may be sealed, the thermostat 220 may be arranged outside the explosion box 110, the first end of the electrical connection line 230 may be connected to the heating element 210, and the second end of the electrical connection line 230 may be connected to the heating element 210 through the first avoidance hole. The thermostat 220 may not only control the heating temperature of the heating element 210, but also receive the actual temperature fed back by the heating element 210.

[0024] Specifically, after the temperature of the heating element 210 is controlled by the thermostat 220 to reach the set temperature, the heating element 210 stops heating to maintain the set temperature. When the battery thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the heating element 210 detected by the thermostat 220 will be higher than the set temperature, so it can be determined that the battery has begun to thermal runaway.

[0025] The explosion experiment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application configures the heating device module to include a heating element 210, a temperature controller 220 and an electrical connection line 230, so that the heating element 210 can be arranged in the explosion box 110, thereby facilitating rapid heating of the battery located in the explosion box 110, and can also determine whether the battery begins to experience thermal runaway.

[0026] Optionally, the heating element 210 may be a plate-shaped structure, the first avoidance hole may be opened at the bottom of the explosion box 110, the heating element 210 may seal and block the first avoidance hole, and the heating element 210 may be used to support the battery.

[0027] The explosion experiment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application sets the heating element 210 as a plate-like structure, so that the plate-like structure can not only better seal the first avoidance hole, but also directly support the battery, so that the heating element 210 can quickly heat the battery.

[0028] Specifically, the heating element 210 can be located at the center of the bottom of the explosion box 110, so as to avoid the battery being too close to the side wall of the explosion box 110 when the battery is placed on the heating element 210 and failing to simulate the distribution of explosion pressure of the battery after thermal runaway.

[0029] Optionally, the data acquisition module may include a pressure sensor with a recording function. The pressure sensor with a recording function can be directly set in the explosion box 110. During the thermal runaway of the battery, the pressure sensor with a recording function can record the explosion pressure information. After the explosion experiment, the information recorded by the pressure sensor with a recording function can be collected, and the collected explosion pressure data can be analyzed, so as to provide strong support for the subsequent safety protection of batteries in air transportation.

[0030] In another embodiment, the data acquisition module may include a pressure sensor 310, a data acquisition instrument 320, and a data transmission cable 330. The explosion box 110 may be provided with a second avoidance hole, the pressure sensor 310 may be arranged in the explosion box 110, and the second avoidance hole may be sealed, the data acquisition instrument 320 may be arranged outside the explosion box 110, the first end of the data transmission cable 330 may be connected to the data acquisition instrument 320, the second end of the data transmission cable 330 may be connected to the pressure sensor 310 through the second avoidance hole, and the pressure sensor 310 may be used to collect the explosion pressure after the battery thermal runaway.

[0031] The explosion experiment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application makes the structure of the data acquisition module relatively simple by configuring the data acquisition module to include a pressure sensor 310 , a data acquisition instrument 320 and a data transmission cable 330 .

[0032] Optionally, the center of the bottom of the explosion box 110 can be used to carry the battery, and there can be multiple pressure sensors 310 , and the distances between the multiple pressure sensors 310 and the center of the bottom of the explosion box 110 can increase sequentially.

[0033] The explosion experiment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is equipped with multiple pressure sensors 310 so that the distances between the multiple pressure sensors 310 and the central part of the bottom of the explosion box 110 increase successively, so that the explosion pressure at different distances from the battery can be detected, thereby providing strong support for subsequent safety distance assessment.

[0034] Optionally, the distance between the plurality of pressure sensors 310 and the center of the bottom of the explosion box 110 may be increased by an integer multiple. Figure 3 and Figure 4 There may be five pressure sensors 310 , and the distances between the five pressure sensors 310 and the center of the bottom of the explosion box 110 may be 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm, respectively.

[0035] Optionally, refer to Figure 4 The connection line between any two of the multiple pressure sensors 310 and the central part of the bottom of the explosion box 110 is not colinear, so that when the battery has thermal runaway, the explosion pressure of different circumferential parts of the battery can be detected, which is beneficial to the accuracy of data analysis.

[0036] Optionally, the pressure sensor 310 may have a cooling channel inside, and the data acquisition module may also include a cooler 340 and a cooling pipe 350. The cooler 340 may form a loop with the cooling channel through the cooling pipe 350. The cooler 340 may transport coolant to the cooling channel inside the pressure sensor 310 through the cooling pipe 350, thereby cooling the pressure sensor 310, thereby preventing the pressure sensor 310 from failing due to excessive temperature when thermal runaway occurs in the battery.

[0037] In order to facilitate observation of the batteries in the explosion box 110 , the explosion box 110 may optionally have a transparent window.

[0038] Taking 18650-4.2V cylindrical single lithium-ion battery as an example, a combustion experiment was carried out. A fully charged battery was placed on the heating element 210 located at the center of the bottom of the combustion box 110. The distances between the five pressure sensors 310 and the center of the bottom of the combustion box 110 were 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm respectively. Figure 5 The data of explosion pressure in the explosion experiment of 18650-4.2V cylindrical single lithium-ion battery is taken as an example. It can be seen from the data that the explosion pressure of the lithium-ion battery after thermal runaway is greatly affected by the initial environmental pressure. As the initial environmental pressure decreases, the measured explosion pressure also decreases. As the distance increases, the measured explosion pressure also decreases.

[0039] The above embodiments of the present invention focus on the differences between the various embodiments. As long as the different optimization features between the various embodiments are not contradictory, they can be combined to form a better embodiment. Considering the simplicity of the text, they will not be repeated here.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery explosion test device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a low-pressure environment module, a heating device module and a data acquisition module, wherein the low-pressure environment module comprises a combustion and explosion box (110) and an exhaust device (120), the exhaust device (120) being connected to the combustion and explosion box (110) and being used to exhaust air from the combustion and explosion box (110) so as to form a low-pressure environment inside the combustion and explosion box (110), the heating device module being used to heat a battery located in the combustion and explosion box (110), and the data acquisition module being connected to the combustion and explosion box and being used to collect the explosion pressure of the battery after thermal runaway.

2. The explosion test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-pressure environment module further comprises an exhaust device (130) and a three-way valve (140); a first opening of the three-way valve (140) is connected to the air extraction device (120); a second opening of the three-way valve (140) is connected to the atmosphere; a third opening of the three-way valve (140) is connected to the explosion box (110); the exhaust device (130) is connected to the explosion box (110), and is respectively connected to two opposite sides of the explosion box (110) with the third opening; and the explosion experiment device has an experimental state and a cleaning state; In the experimental state, the passage between the exhaust device (130) and the explosion box (110) is closed, the air extraction device (120) is connected to the explosion box (110) through the first opening and the third opening, and the second opening is closed; In the cleaning state, the passage between the exhaust device (130) and the explosion box (110) is open, the explosion box (110) is connected to the atmosphere through the second opening and the third opening, and the first opening is closed.

3. The explosion test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating device module comprises a heating element (210), a temperature controller (220) and an electrical connection line (230); the explosion box (110) is provided with a first avoidance hole; the heating element (210) is arranged in the explosion box (110) and seals the first avoidance hole; the temperature controller (220) is arranged outside the explosion box (110); a first end of the electrical connection line (230) is connected to the heating element (210); and a second end of the electrical connection line (230) is connected to the heating element (210) via the first avoidance hole.

4. The explosion test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating element (210) is a plate-shaped structure, the first avoidance hole is opened at the bottom of the explosion box (110), the heating element (210) seals and blocks the first avoidance hole, and the heating element (210) is used to support the battery.

5. The explosion test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating element (210) is located at the center of the bottom of the explosion box (110).

6. The explosion test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module comprises a pressure sensor (310), a data acquisition instrument (320) and a data transmission cable (330); the explosion box (110) is provided with a second avoidance hole; the pressure sensor (310) is arranged in the explosion box (110) and seals the second avoidance hole; the data acquisition instrument (320) is arranged outside the explosion box (110); a first end of the data transmission cable (330) is connected to the data acquisition instrument (320); a second end of the data transmission cable (330) is connected to the pressure sensor (310) via the second avoidance hole; and the pressure sensor (310) is used to collect explosion pressure after thermal runaway of the battery.

7. The explosion test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The central part of the bottom of the explosion box (110) is used to carry the battery. There are a plurality of pressure sensors (310), and the distances between the plurality of pressure sensors (310) and the central part of the bottom of the explosion box (110) increase in sequence.

8. The explosion test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connecting line between any two of the plurality of pressure sensors (310) and the central part of the bottom of the explosion box (110) is not collinear.

9. The explosion test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure sensor (310) has a cooling channel inside, and the data acquisition module further comprises a cooler (340) and a cooling pipeline (350), wherein the cooler (340) forms a loop with the cooling channel through the cooling pipeline (350).

10. The explosion test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion box (110) has a transparent window.

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