Monitoring and collecting system and method for simulating karst slope rainfall and water and soil leakage

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of water and soil loss monitoring, and particularly relates to a monitoring and collecting system and method for simulating karst slope rainfall and water and soil leakage. By arranging the karst slope rainfall simulation device, monitoring and collection of water and soil leakage erosion after rainfall and mastering of water and soil physical and chemical shapes and dynamic change characteristics are achieved. A plurality of soil seams can be sequentially excavated in a staggered mode according to the layer position or the depth from top to bottom along the soil layer section of the karst slope, a winnowing pan type water collecting hopper or a Luoyang shovel type water collecting hopper and a tipping bucket type flow meter connected with the winnowing pan type water collecting hopper or the Luoyang shovel type water collecting hopper are embedded, and the purposes of simultaneous monitoring and sample collection in multiple layer positions, multiple depths and stone seam fractures of the soil layer are achieved. The problem of simultaneous monitoring and collection of karst slope rainfall and underground water and soil leakage is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of soil and water loss monitoring, and in particular relates to a monitoring and collection system and method for simulating rainfall and soil and water loss on a karst slope. Background Art

[0002] Karst slopes often have a "double-layer" three-dimensional structure of surface and underground. After atmospheric rainfall falls on the slope surface, part of it flows downward along the surface, while part of the rainwater directly infiltrates into the soil layer, forming soil flow. After reaching the rock-soil interface, it carries some soil particles and leaks downward along cracks, gaps or caves. In general, a double erosion feature of surface loss and underground loss is formed on the karst slope profile. It has always been difficult for people to monitor the loss of water-soil mixture formed by rainfall on the three-dimensional surface of karst slopes, and it is also difficult to grasp the physical and chemical properties of water and soil and their dynamic change characteristics. It is even more difficult to monitor and collect underground loss, which is a difficult problem to solve in the research and prevention of soil and water loss in karst mountainous areas. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the above analysis, the present application provides a monitoring and collection system and method for simulating rainfall and soil and water loss on karst slopes; by setting up a simulated karst slope rainfall device, the monitoring and collection of soil and water loss erosion after rainfall and the grasp of the physical and chemical shape and dynamic change characteristics of water and soil are realized.

[0004] To this end, the first technical solution of the present application discloses a soil and water loss monitoring and collection system, including a karst slope rainfall simulation device, a simulated rainwater collection device and a monitoring and collection device; wherein,

[0005] The karst slope rainfall simulation device comprises a high-level water tank and a low-level water tank arranged above the karst slope, wherein the low-level water tank is provided with a nozzle for simulating precipitation; the height difference between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank is greater than 1m;

[0006] Among them, the simulated rainwater collection device includes a water collecting bucket installed in the slope soil layer, which is used to receive the water-soil mixture of simulated precipitation infiltrating into the soil layer. The water collecting bucket is provided with a diversion device to lead the collected water-soil mixture to the monitoring and collection device, so as to realize real-time monitoring and collection of water and soil loss.

[0007] Furthermore, the high-level water tank is connected to the low-level water tank through a connecting device, so that the water in the high-level water tank can automatically flow into the low-level water tank.

[0008] Furthermore, the nozzle is of downward spraying type and is provided with a regulating valve for adjusting the flow rate.

[0009] Furthermore, the top of the water collecting bucket is left hollow, and the bottom is a double-layer hollow structure, wherein the upper layer is mesh-shaped and a capillary water collecting plate is placed on it.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the diversion device is connected to the bottom of the water collecting bucket, and the other end is connected to the monitoring and collection device.

[0011] Furthermore, when the soil layer is located in a pure soil layer above the bedrock fissures or cracks, the water collecting bucket is a dustpan-shaped water collecting bucket, and when the soil layer is located in the bedrock fissures or cracks, it is a Luoyang shovel-shaped water collecting bucket.

[0012] Furthermore, the monitoring and collecting device includes a tipping bucket flow meter and a water collecting bottle placed thereunder.

[0013] Furthermore, the tipping bucket flowmeter is powered by solar energy.

[0014] The second technical solution of the present application discloses a method for simulating rainfall on a karst slope and monitoring and collecting water and soil loss, which adopts the above-mentioned water and soil loss monitoring and collection system, and includes the following steps: simulating rain falling on the surface of the karst slope through a karst slope rainfall simulation device, collecting the water-soil mixture in the water collection bucket and diverting it to the monitoring and collection device through a diversion pipe to realize automatic monitoring and collection of water and soil loss.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present application realizes the monitoring and collection of water and soil loss erosion after rainfall and the grasp of the physical and chemical shape and dynamic change characteristics of water and soil by setting up a rainfall device simulating a karst slope; along the soil layer profile of the karst slope from top to bottom, multiple soil cracks can be staggered and excavated in sequence according to the layer position or depth, and a dustpan-type water collecting bucket or a Luoyang shovel-type water collecting bucket can be inserted. The connected tipping bucket flowmeter can realize the simultaneous monitoring and sample collection goals in multiple layers, multiple depths and stone cracks of the soil layer, effectively solving the problem of simultaneous monitoring and collection of rainfall and water and soil underground loss on the karst slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the simulated rainfall and soil and water loss monitoring and collection system;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the low-level water tank of the rainfall simulation device;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a dustpan-shaped water collecting bucket;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the Luoyang shovel-shaped water collection bucket;

[0020] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the monitoring and collection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so that once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0023] The experimental methods in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The experimental materials used in the following examples were all purchased from commercial channels, and quality control measures were introduced into the experimental process to ensure the quality of the data results.

[0024] Example 1 Monitoring and collection system for simulating rainfall and soil and water loss on karst slopes

[0025] like Figure 1 The present invention shows a monitoring and collection system for simulating rainfall and soil loss on karst slopes, including a karst slope rainfall simulation device 1, a simulated rainwater collection device 2 and a monitoring and collection device 3, wherein:

[0026] The karst slope rainfall simulation device 1 comprises a high-level water tank 11 and a low-level water tank 12 arranged above the karst slope, wherein the low-level water tank is provided with a nozzle 13 for simulating precipitation; the height difference between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank is greater than 1m;

[0027] Among them, the simulated rainwater collection device includes a water collecting bucket 21 (dustpan-shaped water collecting bucket) or 22 (Luoyang shovel-shaped water collecting bucket) installed in the slope soil layer, which is used to receive the water-soil mixture of simulated precipitation infiltrating into the soil layer. The water collecting bucket is provided with a diversion device 23 to lead the collected water-soil mixture to the monitoring and collection device 3, so as to realize the monitoring and collection of water and soil loss.

[0028] In this embodiment, the rainfall simulation device includes a high-level water tank 11 and a low-level water tank 12, wherein the high-level water tank is a large-capacity water tank, preferably a stainless steel square water tank with a width of 1.6m and a height of 1m. A stainless steel bracket 16 is erected on the karst slope below the high-level water tank according to the slope terrain. The stainless steel bracket 16 is composed of four square pillars inserted into the soil to form a square grid-like platform with a plane projection of 3m×3m. The low-level water tank 12 is erected on it. The height difference between the low-level water tank 12 and the high-level water tank 11 is greater than 1m to form a water pressure difference. Figure 2 As shown, the lower water tank has multiple threaded holes, each of which is connected to a downward spray nozzle 13. The connecting pipe between the threaded hole and the nozzle is equipped with a regulating valve 15 that can adjust the flow rate (adjustable to four gears: light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, and rainstorm). After adjusting the flow rate through the regulating valve, open the water outlet valve switch, and water sprays downward from the nozzle to form a rainfall simulation scene. Furthermore, the high-level water tank is connected to the low-level water tank 12 through the connecting device 14, so that the water in the high-level water tank 11 can flow into the low-level water tank 12.

[0029] In this embodiment, the top of the water collecting bucket 21 or 22 is left hollow, and the bottom is a double-layer hollow structure, in which the upper layer is meshed with a capillary water collecting plate on top; one end of the diversion device is connected to the bottom of the water collecting bucket, and the other end is connected to the monitoring and collection device 3.

[0030] In the slope soil layer profile just below the stainless steel bracket 16 of the rainfall simulation device, soil cracks are dug inward in layers. The vertical cross-section of the soil cracks is a groove type with a groove specification of 0.2m at the bottom and 0.2m at the height. The soil cracks are dug horizontally into the soil layer to a depth of 0.3m and a width that is just enough for the water collecting bucket 21 or 22 to fit in.

[0031] It should be noted that the water collecting bucket in the present application is divided into a dustpan-shaped water collecting bucket 21 or a Luoyang shovel-shaped water collecting bucket 22, wherein the dustpan-shaped water collecting bucket is used for pure soil profiles above the bedrock surface without bedrock cracks or gaps, while the Luoyang shovel-shaped water collecting bucket is used for soil profiles in bedrock cracks or gaps below the bedrock surface.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the bucket-shaped water collecting hopper 21 is a hollow bucket-shaped steel plate box with a bottom width of 0.2m, a bottom depth of 0.3m, and a side height of 0.2m, and the bottom and three sides are sealed. The top 211 is left empty to receive the water-soil mixture that seeps down from the upper soil layer and infiltrates into the bucket-shaped water collecting hopper. The bottom 212 of the bucket-shaped water collecting hopper is a double-layer hollow steel structure. The upper steel plate 2121 of the double-layer steel structure is perforated to form a mesh, and a capillary water collecting plate 2122 is placed on it to prevent soil particles, gravel, and other materials from clogging the steel plate mesh and affecting the water-soil mixture from seeping into the space of the double-layer steel plate. At the same time, the capillary water collecting plate also has a suction and drainage function, absorbing the water-soil mixture in the upper soil layer, so that it quickly passes through the mesh and enters the lower space for collection.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, for the collection of water-soil mixture in relatively narrow bedrock cracks or crevices deep in the soil layer, a Luoyang shovel-shaped water collecting bucket 22 is inserted into the narrow gap for collection, the top of which is left hollow, and the bottom structure 222 is consistent with the dustpan-shaped water collecting bucket, including an upper steel plate 2221, and an upper capillary water collecting plate 2222.

[0034] The monitoring and collecting device 3 includes a tipping bucket flow meter 31 and a water collecting bottle 32 placed thereunder.

[0035] A drainage hole is drilled at one end of the lower steel plate at the bottom of the bucket-shaped water collecting bucket or the Luoyang shovel-shaped water collecting bucket, near the outer side of the soil layer profile, and a diversion device 23 is welded to divert the water-soil mixture collected in the double-layer steel structure at the bottom of the bucket-shaped water collecting bucket to the monitoring and collection device 3. After the water-soil mixture is diverted out of the soil layer from the bucket-shaped water collecting bucket, it is connected to the tipping bucket flowmeter below for recording and real-time monitoring. The monitoring and collection device 3 includes a tipping bucket flowmeter 31 and a water collecting bottle 32 placed below it; the tipping bucket flowmeter 31 is a 50ml capacity automatic recording flowmeter with a magnetic reed switch sensor inside, which receives and automatically records the water-soil mixture from the soil layer, realizes automatic monitoring and stores the monitoring data in the built-in memory card, and the tipping bucket flowmeter is powered by a solar panel 4, which can ensure that the tipping bucket flowmeter is monitored online in real time and transmits data remotely.

[0036] The tipping bucket flow meter is connected to the water collecting bottle 32. After the water-soil mixture is monitored and recorded by the tipping bucket flow meter 31, it directly enters the water collecting bottle 32 and is automatically collected for experimental testing of its physical and chemical properties. For the collection of water-soil mixture in relatively narrow bedrock fissures or cracks deep in the soil layer, a Luoyang shovel-shaped water collecting bucket 22 is inserted into the narrow cracks for collection, and the collection method is the same as that of the dustpan-shaped water collecting bucket. For the same soil layer profile to the deep bedrock fissures or cracks, multiple water collecting buckets can be placed in layers according to depth as needed, and multiple tipping bucket flow meters and water collecting bottles can be connected to effectively solve the problem of difficult real-time monitoring and automatic collection in layers or depths.

[0037] From top to bottom along the soil profile of the karst slope, multiple soil cracks can be excavated in sequence according to the layer or depth, and a bucket-type water collecting bucket and its connected tipping bucket flow meter can be inserted to achieve the goals of simultaneous monitoring and sample collection in multiple layers, multiple depths and stone cracks in the soil layer, effectively solving the problem of simultaneous monitoring and collection of rainfall and surface runoff and underground leakage on the karst slope.

[0038] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A soil and water loss monitoring and collection system, characterized in that: It includes a karst slope rainfall simulation device, a simulated rainwater collection device and a monitoring and collection device; among which, The karst slope rainfall simulation device comprises a high-level water tank and a low-level water tank arranged above the karst slope, wherein the low-level water tank is provided with a nozzle for simulating precipitation; the height difference between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank is greater than 1m; Among them, the simulated rainwater collection device includes a water collecting bucket installed in the slope soil layer, which is used to receive the water-soil mixture of simulated precipitation infiltrating into the soil layer. The water collecting bucket is provided with a diversion device to lead the collected water-soil mixture to the monitoring and collection device, so as to realize real-time monitoring and collection of water and soil loss.

2. The monitoring and collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-level water tank is connected to the low-level water tank through a connecting device, so that the water in the high-level water tank can automatically flow into the low-level water tank.

3. The monitoring and collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle is of downward spraying type and is provided with a regulating valve for adjusting the flow rate.

4. The monitoring and collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the water collecting bucket is left hollow, and the bottom is a double-layer hollow structure, wherein the upper layer is mesh-shaped and a capillary water collecting plate is placed on it.

5. The monitoring and collection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the diversion device is connected to the bottom of the water collecting bucket, and the other end is connected to the monitoring and collection device.

6. The monitoring and collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the soil layer is located in a pure soil layer above the bedrock fissure or crack, the water collecting bucket is a dustpan-shaped water collecting bucket; when the soil layer is located in the bedrock fissure or crack, it is a Luoyang shovel-shaped water collecting bucket.

7. The monitoring and collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring and collecting device comprises a tipping bucket flow meter and a water collecting bottle placed below the tipping bucket flow meter.

8. The monitoring and collection system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tipping bucket flow meter is powered by solar energy.

9. A method for monitoring and collecting simulated rainfall and soil and water loss on karst slopes, characterized in that: The soil and water loss monitoring and collection system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: simulating rain falling on the karst slope surface through a karst slope rainfall simulation device, collecting the water-soil mixture in the water collecting bucket and directing it to the monitoring and collection device through a diversion pipe to realize automatic monitoring and collection of soil and water loss.

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