Non-stationary carrier phase positioning

Abstract

Systems, methods, apparatus, and computer program products for non-stationary carrier phase positioning (CPP). A method may include receiving an indication of transmitting a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. The indication may include at least phase pre-compensation of sounding reference signal transmissions, or correction of carrier phase positioning measurements based at least on Doppler shift. The method may also include performing, at the user equipment, phase pre-compensation of sounding reference signal transmissions, or correction of carrier phase positioning measurements. The method may also include transmitting, by the user equipment, a sounding reference signal with phase pre-compensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Some example embodiments may generally relate to mobile or wireless telecommunication systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), or fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) access technology, or post-5G, or sixth generation (6G) access technology, or other communication systems. For example, certain example embodiments may relate to devices, systems, and / or methods for non-stationary carrier phase positioning (CPP). Background Art

[0002] Examples of mobile or wireless telecommunication systems may include: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), Long Term Evolution (LTE) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), Advanced LTE (LTE-A), MulteFire, LTE-A Pro, and / or fifth generation (5G) radio access technology or new radio (NR) access technology, and / or sixth generation (6G) radio access technology. The fifth generation (5G) and sixth generation (6G) wireless systems refer to next generation (NG) radio systems and network architectures. 5G and 6G network technologies are mainly based on new radio (NR) technology, but 5G / 6G (or NG) networks can also be built on E-UTRA radio. It is estimated that NR can provide bit rates of about 10 to 20 Gbit / s or higher, and can support at least enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), as well as massive machine type communication (mMTC). NR is expected to deliver extreme broadband and ultra-robust low latency connectivity, as well as massive networking to support the Internet of Things (IoT). Summary of the invention

[0003] Some example embodiments may relate to a method. The method may include: receiving an indication to send a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. The indication may include at least: phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based on at least a Doppler shift. The method may also include: at a user equipment, performing a correction of the phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or the carrier phase positioning measurement. The method may also include: sending, by the user equipment, a sounding reference signal with phase precompensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

[0004] Other example embodiments may relate to an apparatus. The apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. When executed by at least one processor, the instructions cause the apparatus to at least: receive an instruction to send a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. The instruction may include at least: phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based on at least a Doppler shift. The apparatus may also be caused to: perform phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement. The apparatus may also be caused to: send a sounding reference signal with phase precompensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

[0005] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus. The apparatus may include: a component for receiving an indication of sending a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. The indication may include at least: a phase pre-compensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or a correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based on at least a Doppler shift. The apparatus may also include: a component for performing a phase pre-compensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or a correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement. The apparatus may also include: a component for sending a sounding reference signal with phase pre-compensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

[0006] According to other example embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may be encoded with instructions that, when executed in hardware, may perform a method. The method may include: receiving an indication to send a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. The indication may include at least: phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based at least on Doppler frequency shift. The method may also include: at a user device, performing phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement. The method may also include: sending, by the user device, a sounding reference signal with phase precompensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

[0007] Other example embodiments may relate to a computer program product for performing a method. The method may include: receiving an indication to send a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. The indication may include at least: phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based at least on Doppler frequency shift. The method may also include: at a user equipment, performing phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement. The method may also include: sending, by the user equipment, a sounding reference signal with phase precompensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

[0008] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that may include: a circuit system configured to receive an indication of sending a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. The indication may include at least: a phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or a correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based on at least a Doppler shift. The apparatus may also include: a circuit system configured to perform a phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or a correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement. The apparatus may also include: a circuit system configured to send a sounding reference signal with phase precompensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

[0009] Some example embodiments may be directed to a method. The method may include receiving an indication that a network element is activated for carrier phase positioning. The method may also include receiving a sounding reference signal from a user equipment when the network element is activated. The method may also include sending a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element.

[0010] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus. The apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. When executed by the at least one processor, the instructions cause the apparatus to at least: receive an indication that a network element is activated for carrier phase positioning. The apparatus may also be caused to: upon activation of the network element, receive a sounding reference signal from a user equipment. The apparatus may also be caused to: send a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element.

[0011] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus. The apparatus may include means for receiving an indication that a network element is activated for carrier phase positioning. The apparatus may also include means for receiving a sounding reference signal from a user equipment when the network element is activated. The apparatus may also include means for sending a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element.

[0012] According to other example embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable medium may be encoded with instructions that, when executed in hardware, may perform a method. The method may include: receiving an indication that a network element is activated for carrier phase positioning. The method may also include: receiving a sounding reference signal from a user equipment when the network element is activated. The method may also include: sending a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element.

[0013] Other example embodiments may be directed to a computer program product for performing a method. The method may include receiving an indication that a network element is activated for carrier phase positioning. The method may also include receiving a sounding reference signal from a user equipment upon activation of the network element. The method may also include sending a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element.

[0014] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that may include circuitry configured to receive an indication that a network element is activated for carrier phase positioning. The apparatus may also include circuitry configured to receive a sounding reference signal from a user equipment when the network element is activated. The apparatus may also include circuitry configured to send a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element.

[0015] Some example embodiments may be directed to a method. The method may include receiving user equipment data from a user equipment. The method may also include receiving multiple measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from multiple network elements or user equipment. The method may also include correcting the carrier phase measurement obtained from a sounding reference signal. Additionally, the method may include determining a location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurement.

[0016] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus. The apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. When executed by the at least one processor, the instructions cause the apparatus to at least: receive user equipment data from a user equipment. The apparatus may also be caused to: receive multiple measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from multiple network elements or user equipment. The apparatus may also be caused to: correct carrier phase measurements obtained from a sounding reference signal. In addition, the apparatus may be used to: determine a location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurements.

[0017] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus. The apparatus may include: means for receiving user equipment data from a user equipment. The apparatus may also include: means for receiving a plurality of measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from a plurality of network elements or user equipment. The apparatus may also include: means for correcting carrier phase measurements obtained from a sounding reference signal. Additionally, the apparatus may include: means for determining a location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurements.

[0018] According to other example embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable medium may be encoded with instructions that, when executed in hardware, may perform a method. The method may include: receiving user equipment data from a user equipment. The method may also include: receiving multiple measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from multiple network elements or user equipment. The method may also include: correcting the carrier phase measurement obtained from the sounding reference signal. In addition, the method may include: determining the location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurement.

[0019] Other example embodiments may be directed to a computer program product for performing a method. The method may include: receiving user equipment data from a user equipment. The method may also include: receiving a plurality of measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from a plurality of network elements or user equipment. The method may also include: correcting a carrier phase measurement obtained from a sounding reference signal. Additionally, the method may include: determining a location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurement.

[0020] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that may include: circuitry configured to receive user equipment data from a user equipment. The apparatus may also include: circuitry configured to receive multiple measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from multiple network elements or user equipment. The apparatus may also include: circuitry configured to correct carrier phase measurements obtained from a sounding reference signal. Additionally, the apparatus may include: circuitry configured to determine a location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] For a proper understanding of the example embodiments, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 Illustrated are example communications between a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) at different instances in time.

[0023] Figure 2 Another example of communication between a BS and a UE is illustrated.

[0024] Figure 3 An example positioning procedure is illustrated.

[0025] Figure 4 Illustrated are example signal diagrams in accordance with certain example embodiments.

[0026] Figure 5 An example of another signal diagram is illustrated in accordance with certain example embodiments.

[0027] Figure 6 An example of yet another signal diagram is illustrated in accordance with certain example embodiments.

[0028] Figure 7 An example of yet another signal diagram is illustrated in accordance with certain example embodiments.

[0029] Figure 8 An example of yet another signal diagram is illustrated in accordance with certain example embodiments.

[0030] Fig. 9 An example of yet another signal diagram is illustrated in accordance with certain example embodiments.

[0031] Fig.10An example flow diagram of a method according to certain example embodiments is illustrated.

[0032] Fig.11 An example flow diagram of another method according to certain example embodiments is illustrated.

[0033] Fig.12 An example flow diagram of yet another method according to certain example embodiments is illustrated.

[0034] Fig.13 A collection of apparatuses according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It will be readily appreciated that the components of certain example embodiments, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. The following is a detailed description of some example embodiments of systems, methods, apparatus, and computer program products for non-stationary carrier phase positioning (CPP).

[0036] The features, structures, or characteristics of the example embodiments described throughout this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments. For example, throughout this specification, the use of the phrases "certain embodiments," "example embodiments," "some embodiments," or other similar language refers to the fact that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, throughout this specification, the appearance of the phrases "in certain embodiments," "example embodiments," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or other similar language does not necessarily refer to the same set of embodiments, and the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments. In addition, the terms "base station," "cell," "node," "gNB," "TRP," "network," or other similar language may be used interchangeably throughout this specification.

[0037] As used herein, "at least one of: " and "at least one of " and similar expressions (wherein a list of two or more elements is joined by "and" or "or") refer to at least any one element, or at least any two or more elements, or at least all elements. In addition, although certain example embodiments described herein may be applicable from a transmission reception point (TRP) or gNB perspective (e.g., "network-based"), the same concepts may also be applicable to user equipment (UE) or UE-assisted positioning methods. Additionally, all mechanisms described herein may be extended to, for example, device-to-device (D2D) and sidelink (SL) communication scenarios. Also as described herein, a sounding reference signal (SRS) (sent by the UE) may be used for positioning. In addition, although the signal diagrams presented and described herein relate to the uplink (UL) direction, this may also be applicable to the downlink (DL) direction.

[0038] In some example embodiments, the carrier phase measurement may be at least RSCP (reference signal carrier phase) or RSCPD (reference signal carrier phase difference) defined in 3GPP TS 38.215. Moreover, the sounding reference signal (SRS) mentioned herein may include at least SRS for MIMO (multiple input multiple output) and SRS for positioning. The SRS for MIMO may be used for channel state information acquisition or beam management, and the SRS for positioning may be a dedicated uplink reference signal used for position estimation. In some example embodiments, the UE may use a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) to perform RSCP or RSCPD measurements. The PRS may be provided by a location management function (LMF). The LMF may provide the PRS in part of the positioning assistance data, which may be broadcast in the system information.

[0039] The UE may perform CPP techniques assuming UL-based carrier phase (CP). Typically, in CPP techniques, a target UE may transmit a UL reference signal (RS), and multiple TRPs may measure phase measurements of the signal, which may be used to estimate the position of the target UE. For a transmitted SRS resource from the kth UE, the phase measurement at the i-th TRP may be represented by:

[0040]

[0041] In equation (1), represents the phase measurement within the cycle, and the repeated use of 2π is omitted, and d ik , c, δ k , δ i and N ikdenote the actual geographical distance between the kth UE and the ith TRP, the speed of light, the internal clock bias of the kth UE, the internal clock bias of the ith TRP, and the integer ambiguity of the propagation wavelength, respectively. The phase measurement can be referred to as RSCP (Reference Signal Carrier Phase) as defined in 3GPP TS 38.215. Similar to equation (1), the same equation can be derived for the jth TRP, such that And the difference measure between two TRPs can be described as follows:

[0042]

[0043] In equation (2), and It is a single differential measurement, which is also called RSCPD (Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference) as defined in TS 38.215.

[0044] By single-differential operation of equation (2), the UE clock bias is eliminated, which is similar to the relative time of arrival (RTOA) measurement of uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA). The clock error between TRPs still exists, but is eliminated by double-differential operation using the measurement from the reference device. It can be assumed that the kth UE is the positioning reference unit (PRU). For the transmitted SRS from the PRU, the single difference measurement between the i-th TRP and the j-th TRP is It can also be stated as follows:

[0045]

[0046] In equation (3), ΔΔd kK =Δd k -Δd K ,and Ultimately, the clock error between the TRPs is eliminated and the clock offset at the UE and TRP, which represents the dominant error, can be considered to explain the single differential and double differential methods of the CP method.

[0047] In some instances, the network (e.g., LMF) may request the UE or TRP to perform CP measurements within a specific window. Additionally, the UE's mobility may be taken into account by the window configuration, and CP measurements may be obtained from the target UE and PRU at the same / similar time efficiently. However, this type of solution may be limited to situations where the UE moves very slowly compared to the window size in the time domain (i.e., the UE is quasi-stationary).

[0048] Figure 1 1 illustrates example communications between a base station (BS) 100 and a UE 105 at different time instances. Figure 1As illustrated in , the positioning of UE 105 can provide information about the location of UE 105 at a specific time instance (such as, for example, at time t1). The location of UE 105 can be used by the user, the network, or any other entity that requests the information at time t2>t1. If UE 105 moves, it is no longer at time t2 in the position at time t1 within the measurement system accuracy (e.g., system accuracy limits, such as, for example, combined error limits of ±Δ, which can be used to determine whether the UE actually moved or whether the different moments reported are errors). Although CPP is a method that does not require a lot of network resources and achieves fast and accurate positioning, there is still a problem of movement compared to processing delays. For example, under the condition that UE 105 moves, obtaining information depends on whether the system (e.g., LMF or any other similar positioning device) knows to operate under the condition of movement, regardless of the direction or speed of movement. Therefore, in light of this shortcoming, certain example embodiments may teach a system (e.g., a receiver) how to correctly read measured signals (e.g., carrier phase measured by a UE or TRP), and how to operate post-processing procedures to make the necessary corrections to obtain sufficient position information for UE 105, regardless of the direction or speed in which UE 105 is moving.

[0049] Figure 2 Another example of communication between BS 100 and UE 105 is illustrated. In particular, Figure 2 The diagram illustrates downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) transmission and measurement between gNB 100 and UE 105. UE 105 may perform CP measurement at t=t1 according to the configuration and report the CP measurement at t=t2. CP positioning may target cm-level accuracy, so that the mobility of UE 105 during t2-t1 may be adverse to positioning accuracy.

[0050] Although some of the example embodiments described herein may involve UEs, other example embodiments may cover the range of mobile TRPs. For example, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in flight may be used as a TRP. Similarly, non-terrestrial networks may include satellites and high altitude platform stations (HAPS), all of which, except geostationary satellites, move relative to ground stations.

[0051] In certain example embodiments, the TRP may measure the SRS of the positioning reference signal sent by the UE. For optimal accuracy, the TRP may simultaneously measure the SRS sent for each TRP involved in the positioning process (commonly valid for non-stationary UEs) and use the same TX chain (commonly valid for each UE), but not necessarily the same frequency. Due to the movement of the UE, a physical phenomenon called Doppler shift (DS) may change the frequency of the received signal. For example, in some example embodiments, for a stationary UE, the DS is zero; however, for a non-stationary UE, it is a coefficient that has not yet been considered in positioning mobility.

[0052] According to certain example embodiments, a receiver of a TRP may know how to correct the DS. However, depending on the implementation, the SRS may not be corrected in the same signal processing chain as the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) / physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). Additionally, for example, the implementation of the PUSCH may use a method that is not applicable to the SRS, and therefore, the resulting errors should be corrected separately. In some example embodiments, multiple options may be provided to correct the errors. For example, one option may include correcting the errors of the physical signal and measuring phase information during the correction. Another option may include measuring the received physical signal and performing the correction through mathematical manipulations in the signal processing.

[0053] Certain example embodiments described herein may provide various examples of DL-based positioning while also providing options for UL-based positioning. For DL-based positioning, the LMF may request the UE to perform CP measurements on a specific DL PRS and compensate the obtained measurements while taking into account the mobility of the UE between the measurement timing (t=t1) and the reporting timing (t=t2). For example, when the CP measurement is represented by φ obtained by the UE at (t=t1), the UE may report φ+Δφ instead of reporting φ taking into account the mobility for the duration between t2-t1. In other example embodiments, the UE may report a CP measurement (e.g., φ+Δφ) and notify the LMF that the CP measurement has been compensated taking into account the UE mobility between the measurement timing and the reporting timing. The measurement timing may be a single measurement instance or multiple measurement instances. For example, the UE may perform four carrier phase measurements and average the obtained CP measurements. The UE may decide one of the measurement instances to determine the measurement timing (t=t1).

[0054] According to certain example embodiments, the corresponding RS from the network to the UE may be a PRS, and if the UE's capabilities permit, the UE may perform the same post-processing as the network. Additionally, when necessary, three TRPs may be used to illustrate certain example embodiments, while any other higher number of TRPs may also be used. The greater the number of TRPs, the higher the accuracy of the position calculation.

[0055] Figure 3 An example positioning procedure is shown. Figure 3 The example implements 3 TRPs, but generalization to higher numbers of TRPs may work in the same way. Additionally, the frequency of the electron pair {f i 1 , f i 2} presents a virtual wavelength method, which may be a possible way to apply CPP. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the number of wavelengths is N i，k , where index k refers to the kth UE. Means 290 refers to the LMF, and a virtual wavelength method is developed to facilitate the calculation of the number of wavelengths propagating in the air from the UE to the TRP, which is unknown to the signal itself. Appropriate selection of the frequency pair {f i 1 , f i 2} This prevents the transmitted signals from interfering with each other (or any other signals present at the same time). Additionally, from a positioning perspective, the integer ambiguity search space for each TRP may be significantly reduced. If auxiliary measurements or a priori known information for the application (e.g. a coarse position estimate for a time-domain based positioning method) are available, the search space can be reduced to the extent that Ni,k is known. Then, it is also necessary to measure a fractional part of the last incomplete cycle of the propagated signal.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, if the UE 201 moves, the conventional method becomes less accurate depending on the speed of movement of the UE 201. For example, a speed of 3km / h is slow compared to the processing delays of any party in the network, and may also be considered slow when considering DS. In other words, slow movement eliminates the need to use more complex system processing, and the system has an inherent error tolerance. However, once the UE starts to move, errors may exist. For example, when the UE starts to move, the DS is small and there is no problem with the accuracy of the system. However, on an absolute scale, the error exists no matter how much the error affects the overall accuracy of the system.

[0057] In CPP, it may be desirable to achieve centimeter-level accuracy. Figure 2Due to the mobility of the UE, the error can be identified as an error in the measurement (e.g., an error in the CP measurement), the error can be an error between measurements of different TRPs, or the error can be a time difference between measurement and reporting.

[0058] Certain example embodiments may identify measurement errors due to the mobility of the UE. In the case where there are errors between measurements of different TRPs, a delay from the measurement to the UE location may be reported. This type of error may occur when the network is unable to perform measurements at multiple TRPs simultaneously (e.g., in the case of UL, while in the case of DL, the network will not be able to indicate the same transmission time). In the case where the error is the time difference between measurement and reporting, a user (e.g., a human or machine type user) may expect to know the instantaneous location of the UE. In this type of error, the delay between measurement and reporting produces errors, and in applications, this error may be severe. This type of error may be reported to the user and the error may be compensated by, for example, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) clock and by utilizing the previous location of the UE. By doing so, it may be possible to predict the next location of the UE in a timely manner. In other words, if two subsequent locations in time are known, the system (e.g., LMF) can apply predictions based on these two locations. The system may also use information from the current location DS to estimate whether the UE's speed is changing, which may then cause the UE to travel a different distance from the last measured UE location.

[0059] In certain example embodiments, when the speed of the transmitter (e.g., UE) and the receiver (e.g., TRP) relative to the medium is lower than the wave speed in the medium, the relationship between the observed frequency f and the transmitted frequency f0 is given by:

[0060]

[0061] Where c is the speed of wave propagation in the medium, v s is the velocity of the UE relative to the medium, plus c if the UE is moving towards the TRP, or minus c if the UE is moving away from the TRP, and v r is the velocity of the TRP. However, since the TRP does not usually move, the velocity of the TRP can be ignored. Alternatively, the medium can refer to air. The electromagnetic properties of air are close to those of a vacuum, and air can be equivalent to a vacuum. The space between the transmitter and the receiver can also be non-air (non-vacuum), so the electromagnetic properties of this medium may change the speed of the wave.

[0062] According to certain example embodiments, it may be assumed that a system (e.g., a receiver) may be configured to receive an RF signal (e.g., Figure 3Before measuring the phase of the duplexer in the time domain, the received signal is transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain. Therefore, according to the Fourier transform table in the time domain, the DS presented in the frequency domain is regarded as

[0063]

[0064] This means a phase shift. In order to make accurate phase measurements in CPP, this phase shift can be removed. According to certain example embodiments, if the system does not transform the signal to the frequency domain before measurement, the error is physically present and should be removed by similar operations. For example, there may be multiple ways to remove the error.

[0065] In certain example embodiments, the phase shift may be removed from the received signal via frequency offset correction (FOC); the offset refers to the DS. One way to remove the phase shift is to apply a pilot in the time slot in the NR signal to "sniff" the channel; the common reference signal used is the demodulation reference signal (DMRS). Depending on the channel (e.g., air conditions), one or more positions of one or more DMRS symbols may be different. For channels that move slowly and have good conditions, a front-loaded time slot structure may be used; the DMRS symbol may be one of the first symbols, where the exact time slot position may depend on the mapping type used. If higher speeds are applied, more DMRS symbols may be inserted in the time slot positions. In addition, any reference signal may be used to "sniff" the channel to calculate the DS.

[0066] One factor in the DS estimation may be the time period over which the calculation is performed. In NR, in order to smooth the algorithm response (e.g., to avoid overshoot), the calculation may be performed by averaging multiple reference signal samples. However, it may be possible that even a single reference symbol may be sufficient to detect the required amount of frequency correction. Certain example embodiments may take the ability of the TRP / UE to detect the frequency offset of the received signal (e.g., DS) as an existing capability and reuse it.

[0067] DS may be per TRP. Movement of the UE is a 3D problem and the projection of the movement may vary from TRP to TRP. For example, it may be that the first TRP sees the UE approaching it, the second TRP sees the movement such that the UE moves at a 30° angle to the straight line between the UE and the TRP (physically, the TRPs then sense the projection of the UE movement onto the straight line between them), and the third TRP has another angle. Thus, the movement is unique for each TRP. Even the sign of the values ​​in the DS may change, depending on whether the UE is moving towards or away from the TRP. Furthermore, to simplify network signaling and computational effort, some TRP directions may be excluded from the DS estimate, especially if the TRP direction is negligible for the accuracy of the overall system. DS depends on the angle between the movement and the projected line (the straight line between them), and when this angle approaches 90°, DS no longer exists.

[0068] In the case of non-stationary UEs, there may be multiple ways to arrange the positioning measurements. However, for simplicity, the UL direction is described herein, even though the DL PRS angle may also be applicable to other example embodiments.

[0069] Figure 4 An example signal diagram is illustrated according to certain example embodiments. In particular, Figure 4An example is illustrated in which a UE 415 can assist the LMF 400 by reporting the movement of the UE 415 when transmitting an SRS when the UE 415 knows its movement (e.g., the UE 415 knows "where" and "how fast" it is going; the UE 415 can report the vector of its movement). In 420, initialization of communication is performed between the LMF 400, the serving TRP 405, the neighbor TRP 410, and the UE 415. The neighbor TRP 410 can correspond to a TRP in a neighbor cell (non-serving cell). In 425, all TRPs 405, TRP 410 are activated for CPP, and CP measurements can now be performed. In 430 and 435, the UE 415 sends an SRS for positioning to the neighbor TRP 410 and the serving TRP 405. In 440, the UE 415 sends data about its movement to the LMF 400. For example, in some example embodiments, the UE can report the direction and speed of its movement when the SRS is transmitted. In some example embodiments, the transmission of SRS and mobile data may occur at the same time t1. In 445, the transmission of SRS and mobile data may be repeated if necessary (e.g., for sensitivity). In 450, the serving TRP 405 sends a measured report to the LMF 400, and in 455, the neighbor TRP also sends a measured report to the LMF 400. According to certain example embodiments, the measured report (i.e., the measurement report) may correspond to sending CP measurements measured from the serving TRP / gNB 405 and the neighbor gNB / TRP 410. In certain example embodiments, for UL CP positioning, the UE may send an SRS and the gNB / TRP may perform CP measurements from the SRS. The gNB may then provide the obtained CP measurements to the LMF. In 460, the LMF 400 performs Doppler correction on each TRP 405, 410 and, based on the measurement report, calculates the position of the UE 415. For example, in some example embodiments, in the case of UL, when all measurement reports are received plus corrections are completed, LMF 400 may draw a curve from each TRP (the form of the curve may depend on many factors, but as an example, it can be considered as a circle). The radius of the circle for each TRP corresponds to the measured distance, and where all these circles intersect is the location of the UE.

[0070] As mentioned above, although the signal diagrams presented and described herein relate to the UL direction, this may also apply to the DL direction. Figure 3 As an example, the DL direction may correspond to a reversal of the arrow and a change of text to "Sending PRS". Figure 3 : The same t1) can be moved to the top of the figure in the signal diagram, and all TRPs can be sent simultaneously (or at least at the bottom Figure 5 and6 within the “time window” described in ).

[0071] Furthermore, to perform DS correction, there may be different options in the DL case as well. Additionally, UE 415 may be able to perform DS correction because it may know to run frequency offset correction on the data signal. Therefore, in some example embodiments, UE 415 may send a reference signal to TRP 405, TRP 410 so that they detect DS.

[0072] Figure 5 An example of another signal diagram according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. In particular, Figure 5 1 illustrates an example where the UE 515 assists the LMF 500 by reporting the movement of the UE when transmitting the SRS when the UE only knows the RS for each TRP (i.e., derives the DS for each TRP). Figure 5 As illustrated in , the signal diagram defines a validity window, which represents a time domain window in which the RS-based DS measurement of the UE 515 is valid for the SRS used for positioning transmission. Although it may be desirable to perform RS measurements at the same time as the SRS transmission, this is generally not possible. Therefore, the difference t1-t2 is less than the validity window. In some example embodiments, there may be multiple types of validity windows even for CPP.

[0073] In 520, communication is initialized between the LMF 500, the serving TRP 505, the neighbor TRP 510, and the UE 515. In 525, all TRPs 505, 510 of the CPP are activated. In 530 and 535, the LMF 500 instructs each TRP 505, 510 to perform transmission of RS within a specified time window. According to certain example embodiments, a validity time (e.g., a time window) may be defined, wherein the transmitted RS may be used to calculate the DS of each TRP 505, 510. In 540, the serving TRP 505 transmits RS1 to the UE 515. Similarly, in 545, the neighbor TRP 510 transmits RS2 to the UE 515. n , where n=2, 3, ..., etc. According to some example embodiments, the transmissions in 540 and 545 may be performed at time t1 of the time domain window.

[0074] In 550, the UE 515 transmits an SRS signal for positioning to the neighbor TRP, and in 555, the UE 515 transmits the SRS signal for positioning to the serving TRP 505. According to certain example embodiments, the transmission of the SRS signal for positioning in 550 and 555 may be performed at time t2 of the time domain window. In 560, the UE 515 reports DS data from the RS per TRP, and transmits the SRS per TRP within the validity time window. In 565, if necessary (e.g., for sensitivity), the UE 515 may repeat the transmission of the report of the DS per TRP 560, and repeat the SRS for positioning 555. In 570, the serving TRP reports the measurement to the LMF 500, and in 575, the neighbor TRP 510 transmits the report of the measurement to the LMF 500. In 580, the LMF 500 performs Doppler correction for each TRP 505, TRP 510 and calculates the position of the UE 515 based on the measurement reports (e.g., similar to the calculation in 460).

[0075] Figure 6 An example of yet another signal diagram according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. In particular, Figure 6 An example is illustrated in which a UE 615 pre-compensates a signal in the frequency domain while transmitting an SRS for positioning. In 620, communication is initialized between the LMF 600, the serving TRP 605, the neighbor TRP 610, and the UE 615. In 625, all TRPs 605 and TRPs 610 are activated for CPP. In 630 and 635, the LMF 600 instructs each TRP 605 and TRP 610 to perform transmission of RS within a specified time window. According to certain example embodiments, a validity time (e.g., a time window) may be defined in which the transmitted RS may be used to calculate the DS of each TRP 605 and TRP 610. In 640, the serving TRP 605 transmits RS1 to the UE 615. Similarly, in 645, the neighbor TRP 610 transmits RS1 to the UE 615. n , where n = 2, 3, ... etc.

[0076] In 650, due to the DS caused by the movement of UE 615, UE 615 performs frequency domain pre-compensation on the RS received from each TRP 605, TRP 610. For example, compensation can be performed before the transmission of SRS. In some example embodiments, pre-compensation may distort the RS in the opposite direction before transmission, and then the signal may change due to DS during air propagation. However, if the pre-compensation is exactly the amount of DS, but the sign is opposite, they will cancel each other out. In 655 and 660, LMF600 indicates that TRP 605, TRP 610 correctly measures the pre-compensated signal. According to certain example embodiments, UE 615 can pre-compensate the RS signals received from TRP 605, TRP 610 via a primary compensation method using the frequency domain, or by applying a secondary compensation method in the phase domain. For example, in some example embodiments, since DS is a frequency domain phenomenon, the frequency may change. Therefore, the main corrective action can be in the frequency domain. However, for practical reasons (i.e., implementation complexity), the corrective action may not necessarily be done in the frequency domain. The use of the phase domain may have certain limitations; a changing frequency may mean that the measured phase is also affected. For example, considering a single wavelength, the phase can be rotated 360 degrees. If the frequency is increased by 50% (via DS), the wavelength can be reduced by 1 / 1.5 = 67%, respectively. Therefore, the phase rotates the same geometric distance within a complete cycle. In some example embodiments, each SRS of each TRP can have its own pre-compensation. This may lead to a situation where the transmission is split to different moments in the time domain.

[0077] In 665 and 670, the UE 615 sends a pre-compensated SRS for positioning to the neighbor TRP 610 and the serving TRP 605. According to certain example embodiments, the pre-compensated SRS for positioning may be sent to the neighbor TRP 610 and the serving TRP 605 within a defined time period window. In 675, the UE reports to the LMF 600 the pre-compensation used / applied per TRP. According to certain example embodiments, the report in 675 may be sent to the LMF 600 for various purposes, including, for example: a method (e.g., pre-compensation - if any pre-compensation is performed); whether the method is performed in the frequency domain or the phase domain; if it is a frequency domain method, how the compensation is performed; and if the method is in the phase domain, how the compensation is performed. In 680, the UE 615 may repeat the reporting of the DS, and the transmission of the pre-compensated SRS 665, RS 670 per TRP 675, if necessary (e.g., for sensitivity). In 685 and 690, the serving TRP and the neighbor TRP 610 send a report of the measurements to the LMF 600. In 695, the LMF 600 calculates the position of the UE 615 based on the reports and the pre-compensation used / applied by each TRP. According to certain example embodiments, if the serving TRP 605 / neighbor TRP 610 has correctly corrected the measurements, the LMF 600 may consider increasing / decreasing the wavelength based on the decreased / increased number of propagation cycles and the last fractional wavelength over the air (OTA).

[0078] Figure 7 An example of yet another signal diagram according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. In particular, Figure 7 An example is shown in which UE 715 transmits an SRS without any assistance information from other network entities and transmits another RS ​​for DS. In 720, initialization of communication is performed between LMF 700, serving TRP 705, neighbor TRP 710, and UE 715. In 725, all TRPs 705 and TRP 710 are activated for CPP. In 730, LMF 700 sends an RS time window command to UE 715 for transmission of SRS. In certain example embodiments, the RS time window command may couple two separate RSs to be transmitted close enough to each other. In 735 and 740, UE 715 sends an SRS for positioning to neighbor TRP 710 and serving TRP 705 within the time window. In 745, UE 715 sends RS to neighbor TRP 710, and in 750, UE 715 sends another RS ​​to serving TRP 705 within the time window. At 755 , the UE 715 may repeat the transmission of the SRS and / or RS if necessary (eg, for sensitivity).

[0079] In 760 and 765, the serving TRP 705 and the neighbor TRP 710 perform Doppler correction on the measured values. For example, the receiver of the TRP can sense the amount of DS, and based on this, a corresponding correction can be performed (e.g., eliminating DS from the signal). In 770 and 775, the serving TRP 705 and the neighbor TRP 710 report the measurements to the LMF 700. In 780, the LMF 700 calculates the position of the UE 715 based on the measurement report.

[0080] Figure 8 An example of yet another signal diagram according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. In particular, Figure 8 An example is illustrated in which UE 815 transmits SRS without any auxiliary information and no RS is used for DS. In 820, communication is initialized between LMF 800, serving TRP 805, neighbor TRP 810, and UE 815. In 825, all TRPs 805 and TRP 810 are activated for CPP. In 830 and 835, UE 815 transmits SRS for positioning to neighbor TRP 810 and serving TRP 805 at the same time instance t1. In 840, if necessary (e.g., for sensitivity), UE 815 can repeat the transmission of SRS for positioning. In 845 and 850, serving TRP 805 and neighbor TRP 810 buffer the SRS received from 830 and 835. Serving TRP 805 and neighbor TRP 810 can also run DS estimation based on the received SRS and perform Doppler correction on the measured values. In 855 and 860, the serving TRP 705 and the neighbor TRP 810 send measured reports to the LMF 800. In 865, the LMF 800 calculates the location of the UE 815 based on the received reports.

[0081] Fig. 9 An example of yet another signal diagram according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. In particular, Fig. 9The interaction between the LMF 900, the gNB / TRP 905, and the UE 910 is illustrated. In 915, the LMF 900 provides positioning assistance data to the UE 910 (e.g., similar to all TRPs that activate the CPP described in the example embodiment above). In 920, the LMF 900 requests the UE 910 to report positioning measurements with DS correction based on the timing of performing CP measurements and the timing of reporting the obtained CP measurements. In 925, the gNB / TRP 905 sends a DL RS to the UE 910. In 930, the UE 910 performs positioning measurements and measurement corrections (e.g., referencing CP measurements) based on the received DL positioning RS. In 935, the UE 910 reports the positioning measurements to the LMF 900, and also reports to the LMF 900 whether the measurements are corrected. In 940, the LMF 900 estimates the position of the UE 910 based on the positioning measurement report and whether the measurements are corrected.

[0082] Fig.10 An example flow chart of a method according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. In an example embodiment, Fig.10 The method may be performed by a network entity or a set of multiple network elements in a 3GPP system (such as LTE or 5G-NR). For example, in an example embodiment, Fig.10 The method may be performed by the UE, similar to Fig.13 One of the devices 10 or 20 shown in FIG.

[0083] like Fig.10 As illustrated in , the method may include: in 1000, receiving an indication of sending a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. In certain example embodiments, the indication may include at least: phase precompensation for sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of carrier phase positioning measurement based on at least Doppler frequency shift. The method may also include: in 1005, performing phase precompensation for sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of carrier phase positioning measurement at a user equipment. The method may also include: in 1010, sending a sounding reference signal with phase precompensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement, by a user equipment.

[0084] According to some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving reference signals from the plurality of network elements in a first time period within the time window. According to some example embodiments, the method may further include: determining Doppler shift data for the plurality of network elements based on the reference signals received in the first time period. According to other example embodiments, the method may further include: sending the Doppler shift data for the plurality of network elements to another network element.

[0085] In some example embodiments, the sounding reference signal may be transmitted to the plurality of network elements during a second time period within the time window. In some example embodiments, performing phase precompensation may include: applying frequency domain precompensation to the Doppler shift for each of the plurality of network elements. In other example embodiments, transmitting the sounding reference signal to the plurality of network elements may include: frequency domain precompensation.

[0086] According to certain example embodiments, correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement may be performed at the user equipment based on a Doppler shift between a timing of performing the carrier phase positioning measurement and a timing of reporting the carrier phase positioning measurement. According to some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving a transmission reference signal time window. According to other example embodiments, a sounding reference signal may be sent to a plurality of network elements within the reference signal time window. According to yet another example embodiment, the method may include: receiving an indication to provide user equipment data to a location management function. According to some example embodiments, the user equipment data may include one of: movement data of the user equipment, a Doppler shift of the user equipment, or movement data of the user equipment during transmission of the sounding reference signal.

[0087] Fig.11 An example flow chart of another method according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. In an example embodiment, Fig.11 The method may be performed by a network entity or a set of multiple network elements in a 3GPP system (such as LTE or 5G-NR). For example, in an example embodiment, Fig.11 The method can be performed by the BS, TRP, gNB, or network, similar to Fig.13 One of the devices 10 or 20 shown in FIG.

[0088] like Fig.11 As illustrated in FIG. 1 , the method may include: receiving an indication that a network element is activated for carrier phase positioning in 1100. The method may also include: receiving a sounding reference signal from a user equipment when the network element is activated in 1105. The method may also include: sending a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element in 1110.

[0089] According to certain example embodiments, the method may further include: sending a reference signal to the user equipment in a first time period within the time window. According to some example embodiments, the sounding reference signal may include: frequency domain pre-compensation of a Doppler shift caused by movement of the user equipment. According to other example embodiments, the sounding reference signal may include: a carrier phase measurement of a carrier phase, and the method may further include: performing a Doppler correction of the Doppler shift of the carrier phase caused by movement of the user equipment. According to yet another example embodiment, the method may further include: buffering the sounding reference signal, estimating the Doppler shift of the sounding reference signal, and performing a Doppler correction of the carrier phase in the carrier phase measured from the sounding reference signal.

[0090] Fig.12 An example flow chart of another method according to certain example embodiments is illustrated. In an example embodiment, Fig.12 The method may be performed by a network entity or a set of multiple network elements in a 3GPP system (such as LTE or 5G-NR). For example, in an example embodiment, Fig.12 The method can be performed by LMF or network, similar to Fig.13 One of the devices 10 or 20 shown in FIG.

[0091] like Fig.12 As illustrated in , the method may include: receiving user equipment data from a user equipment in 1200. The method may also include: receiving a plurality of measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from a plurality of network elements or user equipment in 1205. The method may also include: correcting a carrier phase measurement obtained from a sounding reference signal in 1210. In addition, the method may include: determining a location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurement in 1215.

[0092] According to some example embodiments, the method may further include: defining a reference signal time window for the plurality of network elements, and instructing the plurality of network elements to perform transmission of the reference signal within the time window. According to other example embodiments, the user equipment data may include: movement data of the user equipment.

[0093] In certain example embodiments, the user equipment data may include: Doppler shift data for a plurality of network elements. In other example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving a report identifying frequency domain pre-compensation applied for Doppler shift.

[0094] Fig.13A collection of apparatuses 10 and 20 according to some example embodiments is illustrated. In some example embodiments, apparatuses 10 and 20 may be elements in a communication network or associated with such a network. For example, apparatus 10 may be a UE, or other similar radio communication computer equipment, and apparatus 20 may be a BS, gNB, TRP, LMF, network, or other similar computing equipment.

[0095] In some example embodiments, apparatus 10 and apparatus 20 may include: one or more processors, one or more computer-readable storage media (e.g., memory, storage device, etc.), one or more radio access components (e.g., modem, transceiver, etc.), and / or a user interface. In some example embodiments, apparatus 10 and apparatus 20 may be configured to operate using one or more radio access technologies, such as GSM, LTE, LTE-A, NR, 5G, WLAN, WiFi, NB-IoT, Bluetooth, NFC, MulteFire, and / or any other radio access technology. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that apparatus 10 and apparatus 20 may include Fig.13 Components or features not shown.

[0096] like Fig.13 As shown in the example of , the device 10 and the device 20 may include or be coupled to a processor 12 and a processor 22 to process information and execute instructions or operations. The processor 12 and the processor 22 may be any type of general or special purpose processor. In fact, as an example, the processor 12 and the processor 22 may include one or more of the following: a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, a DSP, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Although in Fig.13 1 and 22, but multiple processors may be used according to other example embodiments. For example, it should be understood that in some example embodiments, apparatus 10 and apparatus 20 may include two or more processors, which may form a multi-processor system that may support multi-processing (e.g., in this case, processor 12 may represent a multi-processor). According to some example embodiments, the multi-processor system may be tightly coupled or loosely coupled (e.g., to form a computer cluster).

[0097] Processor 12 and processor 22 may perform functions associated with the operation of apparatus 10 and apparatus 20, including, as some examples, precoding of antenna gain / phase parameters, encoding and decoding of individual bits forming communication messages, formatting of information, and overall control of apparatus 10 and apparatus 20, including Figures 1 to 12 The process and examples illustrated in .

[0098] The apparatus 10 and the apparatus 20 may also include or be coupled to a memory 14 and 24 (internal or external), which may be coupled to the processors 12 and 24, respectively, for storing information and instructions that can be executed by the processors 12 and 24. The memory 14 and 24 may be one or more memories, and may be of any type suitable for the local application environment, and may be implemented using any suitable volatile or non-volatile data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and / or removable memory. For example, the memory 14 and 24 may include any combination of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), static storage devices such as magnetic disks or optical disks, hard disk drives (HDDs), or any other type of non-transient machine or computer readable media. The instructions stored in the memory 14 and 24 may include program instructions or computer program codes, which, when executed by the processors 12 and 22, enable the apparatus 10 and the apparatus 20 to perform the tasks described herein.

[0099] In certain example embodiments, apparatus 10 and apparatus 20 may also include or be coupled to a (internal or external) drive or port configured to accept and read an external computer-readable storage medium such as an optical disk, a USB drive, a flash drive, or any other storage medium. For example, the external computer-readable storage medium may store a computer program or software to be executed by processor 12 and processor 22 and / or apparatus 10 and apparatus 20 to perform Figures 1 to 12 Any methods and examples illustrated.

[0100] In some example embodiments, the apparatus 10 and the apparatus 20 may also include or be coupled to one or more antennas 15 and 25 to receive downlink signals and transmit from the apparatus 10 and the apparatus 20 via the UL. The apparatus 10 and the apparatus 20 may also include a transceiver 18 and a transceiver 28 configured to send and receive information. The transceiver 18 and the transceiver 28 may also include a radio interface (e.g., a modem) coupled to the antenna 15 and the antenna 25. The radio interface may correspond to a variety of radio access technologies, including one or more of GSM, LTE, LTE-A, 5G, NR, WLAN, NB-IoT, Bluetooth, BT-LE, NFC, RFID, UWB, etc. The radio interface may include other components, such as filters, converters (e.g., digital-to-analog converters, etc.), symbol demappers, signal shaping components, inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) modules, etc., to process symbols carried by the downlink or UL, such as OFDMA symbols.

[0101] For example, transceiver 18 and transceiver 28 may be configured to modulate information onto a carrier waveform for transmission by antenna 15 and antenna 25, and demodulate information received via antenna 15 and antenna 25 for further processing by other elements of device 10 and device 20. In other example embodiments, transceiver 18 and transceiver 28 may be capable of directly sending and receiving signals or data. Additionally or alternatively, in some example embodiments, device 10 may include input and / or output devices (I / O devices). In certain example embodiments, device 10 and device 20 may also include a user interface, such as a graphical user interface or a touch screen.

[0102] In certain example embodiments, memory 14 and memory 34 store software modules that provide functionality when executed by processor 12 and processor 22. These modules may include, for example, an operating system that provides operating system functionality for device 10 and device 20. The memory may also store one or more functional modules, such as applications or programs, to provide additional functionality for device 10 and device 20. The components of device 10 and device 20 may be implemented in hardware or as any suitable combination of hardware and software. According to certain example embodiments, device 10 and device 20 may optionally be configured to communicate with each other (in any combination) via a wireless or wired communication link 70 according to any radio access technology (such as NR).

[0103] According to some example embodiments, processors 12 and 22, and memories 14 and 24 may be included in a processing circuit system or a control circuit system, or may form a part thereof. In addition, in some example embodiments, transceivers 18 and 28 may be included in a transceiver circuit system, or may form a part thereof.

[0104] For example, in certain example embodiments, the apparatus 10 may be controlled by the memory 14 and the processor 12 to receive an indication to transmit a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement. The indication may include at least: phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based at least on the Doppler shift. The apparatus 10 may also be controlled by the memory 14 and the processor 12 to perform phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement. The apparatus 10 may also be controlled by the memory 14 and the processor 12 to transmit a sounding reference signal with phase precompensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

[0105] In other example embodiments, the apparatus 20 may be controlled by the memory 24 and the processor 22 to receive an indication that the network element is activated for carrier phase positioning. The apparatus 10 may also be controlled by the memory 14 and the processor 12 to receive a sounding reference signal from the user equipment when the network element is activated. The apparatus 20 may also be controlled by the memory 14 and the processor 12 to send a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element.

[0106] In other example embodiments, the apparatus 20 may be controlled by the memory 24 and the processor 22 to receive user equipment data from the user equipment. The apparatus 20 may also be controlled by the memory 24 and the processor 22 to receive multiple measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from multiple network elements or user equipment. The apparatus 20 may also be controlled by the memory 24 and the processor 22 to correct the carrier phase measurements obtained from the sounding reference signal. In addition, the apparatus 20 may be controlled by the memory 24 and the processor 22 to determine the location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurements.

[0107] In some example embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., apparatus 10 and / or apparatus 20) may include a component for performing a method, process, or any variation discussed herein. Examples of such components may include one or more processors, memories, controllers, transmitters, receivers, and / or computer program codes to cause the execution of operations.

[0108] Certain example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus comprising: means for performing any of the methods described herein, such as means for receiving an indication to send a sounding reference signal, or a carrier phase positioning measurement, wherein the indication includes at least: phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based at least on Doppler shift. The apparatus may also include: means for performing phase precompensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement. The apparatus may also include: means for sending a sounding reference signal with phase precompensation, or a carrier phase positioning measurement.

[0109] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus comprising means for performing any of the methods described herein, such as means for receiving an indication that a network element is activated for carrier phase positioning. The apparatus may also include means for receiving a sounding reference signal from a user equipment when the network element is activated. The apparatus may also include means for sending a measurement report including a carrier phase measurement to the network element.

[0110] Other example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus comprising: means for performing any of the methods described herein, such as means for receiving user equipment data from a user equipment. The apparatus may also include: means for receiving a plurality of measurement reports of carrier phase measurements from a plurality of network elements, or user equipment. The apparatus may also include: means for correcting carrier phase measurements obtained from a sounding reference signal. Additionally, the apparatus may include: means for determining a location of the user equipment based on the corrected carrier phase measurements.

[0111] Certain example embodiments described herein provide several technical improvements, enhancements, and / or advantages. For example, in some example embodiments, it may be possible to teach a system (e.g., a receiver) how to correctly read the measurement signals, and how to operate the post-processing to make the necessary corrections to obtain sufficient location information, regardless of the direction or speed of the UE's movement. In other example embodiments, the UE may be located regardless of its stationarity. Therefore, customer satisfaction may be improved because customers may expect to be able to move freely when scanning their location. In further example embodiments, since users (e.g., UEs) move, they may not care about the stationarity requirement. Therefore, accuracy can be improved.

[0112] The computer program product may include one or more computer executable components that are configured to perform some example embodiments when the program is run. The one or more computer executable components may be at least one software code or part thereof. Modifications and configurations required to implement the functionality of some example embodiments may be performed as (multiple) routines, which may be implemented as added or updated (multiple) software routines. (Multiple) software routines may be downloaded to a device.

[0113] As an example, software, or computer program code, or parts thereof may be in source code form, object code form, or some intermediate form, and it may be stored in some carrier, distribution medium, or computer readable medium (which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program). For example, such carriers may include recording media, computer memory, read-only memory, optoelectronic and / or electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution packages. Depending on the processing power required, the computer program may be executed in a single electronic digital computer, or it may be distributed among multiple computers. The computer readable medium or computer readable storage medium may be a non-transient medium.

[0114] In other example embodiments, the functionality may be performed by hardware or circuitry included in a device (e.g., device 10 or device 20), such as by using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or any other combination of hardware and software. In yet another example embodiment, the functionality may be implemented as a signal, an intangible component that may be carried by an electromagnetic signal downloaded from the Internet or other network.

[0115] According to certain example embodiments, an apparatus such as a node, a device, or a corresponding component may be configured as a circuit system, a computer, or a microprocessor such as a single-chip computer element, or as a chipset, which includes at least a memory for providing storage capacity for arithmetic operations and an operation processor for performing arithmetic operations.

[0116] A person of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the present disclosure discussed above may be practiced with procedures in a different order, and / or with hardware elements in a configuration different from that disclosed. Therefore, although the present disclosure has been described based on these example embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain modifications, variations, and alternative constructions will be apparent while remaining within the spirit and scope of the example embodiments. Although the above embodiments refer to 5G NR and LTE technologies, the above embodiments may also be applied to any other current or future 3GPP technologies, such as Advanced LTE and / or fourth generation (4G) technologies.

[0117] Partial glossary:

[0118] 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

[0119] 5G fifth generation

[0120] 5GCN 5G Core Network

[0121] 5GS 5G System

[0122] BS Base Station

[0123] CPP Carrier Phase Positioning

[0124] DL Downlink

[0125] DLx Downlink transmission

[0126] DS Doppler shift

[0127] eNB Enhanced Node B

[0128] E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN

[0129] FD Frequency Domain

[0130] FOC Frequency Offset Correction

[0131] gNB 5G or Next Generation NodeB

[0132] HAPS High Altitude Platform Station

[0133] LMF Location Management Function

[0134] LPP LTE Positioning Protocol

[0135] LTE Long Term Evolution

[0136] NR New Radio

[0137] NTN Non-Terrestrial Network

[0138] OTA

[0139] PD Phase Domain

[0140] PFL Positioning Frequency Layer

[0141] PRS Positioning Reference Signal

[0142] PRU Positioning Reference Unit

[0143] RS reference signal

[0144] RTT Round Trip Time

[0145] SRS Sounding Reference Signal

[0146] TRP Transmission Reception Point

[0147] UAV

[0148] UE User Equipment

[0149] UL Uplink

[0150] ULx Uplink Transmission

Claims

1. A method for communication, comprising: Receiving an indication of sending a sounding reference signal or a carrier phase positioning measurement, wherein the indication includes at least: a phase pre-compensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or a correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based at least on a Doppler frequency shift; performing, at a user equipment, the phase pre-compensation of the sounding reference signal transmission, or the correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement; and The sounding reference signal with the phase pre-compensation or the carrier phase positioning measurement is sent by the user equipment.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving reference signals from a plurality of network elements during a first time period within the time window; determining Doppler shift data for the plurality of network elements based on the reference signal received during the first time period; as well as The Doppler shift data of the plurality of network elements is sent to another network element.

3. The method according to claim 1, The performing of the phase pre-compensation comprises: applying frequency domain precompensation to the Doppler shift frequency per each network element of the plurality of network elements, and, The transmission of the sounding reference signal to the plurality of network elements includes: the frequency domain pre-compensation.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive and send reference signal time window, The sounding reference signal is sent to the multiple network elements within the reference signal time window.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving an instruction to provide user equipment data to a location management function, The user equipment data includes one of the following items: movement data of the user equipment, Doppler frequency shift of the user equipment, or movement data of the user equipment during transmission of the sounding reference signal.

6. A device for communication, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions, wherein when executed by the at least one processor, the instructions cause the apparatus to at least: Receiving an indication of sending a sounding reference signal or a carrier phase positioning measurement, wherein the indication includes at least: a phase pre-compensation for the sounding reference signal transmission, or a correction of the carrier phase positioning measurement based at least on a Doppler frequency shift; performing said phase pre-compensation of said sounding reference signal transmission, or said correction of said carrier phase positioning measurement; and The sounding reference signal with the phase pre-compensation, or the carrier phase positioning measurement is sent.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein when executed by the at least one processor, the instructions further cause the apparatus to at least: receiving reference signals from a plurality of network elements during a first time period within the time window; determining Doppler shift data for the plurality of network elements based on the reference signal received during the first time period; as well as The Doppler shift data of the plurality of network elements is sent to another network element.

8. The device according to claim 6, The performing of the phase pre-compensation comprises: applying frequency domain precompensation to the Doppler shift frequency per each network element of the plurality of network elements, and, The transmission of the sounding reference signal to the plurality of network elements includes: the frequency domain pre-compensation.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein when executed by the at least one processor, the instructions further cause the apparatus to at least: Receive and send reference signal time window, The sounding reference signal is sent to the multiple network elements within the reference signal time window.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least: receiving an instruction to provide user equipment data to a location management function, The user equipment data includes one of the following items: movement data of the device, Doppler frequency shift of the device, or movement data of the device during transmission of the sounding reference signal.

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