Novel energy storage system with air cooling pipeline and phase change material compounded and energy storage method

Abstract

A novel energy storage system combining an air cooling pipeline and a phase change material is mainly applied to extremely cold areas and comprises an air conditioner air duct system in an energy storage container, a main air outlet pipeline cavity, a plurality of battery cluster air outlets and an air outlet pipeline connecting cavity. An external air conditioner and an air inlet / outlet thereof; a battery cluster formed by mounting battery modules in a battery rack is arranged in the energy storage container; a phase change module structure; through cooperation of the air duct, the phase change module and the air conditioner, heat generated by the battery module in the energy storage container is recycled and effectively transferred into the container, so that the load of the air conditioner is reduced, the refrigeration requirement is lowered, and the energy efficiency of the whole system is improved; the system can automatically judge when to start the phase change module to recover heat and intelligently adjust the working modes of the phase change module and the air conditioner according to the temperature change, so that energy management is further optimized, and efficient operation is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of battery energy storage technology, and in particular to a system combining an air conditioning duct and a phase change module of an energy storage container, which is mainly used in extremely cold environments. Background Art

[0002] China's energy storage needs in extremely cold environments are receiving increasing attention, especially in the cold northern regions (such as Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, etc.) and high-altitude areas. Cold weather brings unique challenges and demands to energy supply and the operation of energy storage systems. The main problems faced by these regions include high power demand in winter, the impact of low temperatures on battery performance, and how to ensure a stable power supply. Therefore, energy storage technology plays an increasingly important role in these regions.

[0003] In extremely cold environments, the main disadvantage of air-cooled energy storage containers is that the outside air temperature is too low, which greatly reduces the heat dissipation efficiency and cannot effectively remove the heat generated by the equipment. It may even cause the equipment to be overcooled, affecting the performance and life of energy storage equipment such as batteries. Cold weather may also cause the air passages of the air-cooling system to freeze or be affected by snow and frost, further reducing the heat dissipation effect and increasing the risk of system failure. The air-cooling system is difficult to provide sufficient cooling capacity in extremely cold environments, and the temperature control is not precise enough, making it difficult to meet the needs of high-power energy storage systems.

[0004] Shen Yi. Thermal analysis and optimization of containerized energy storage system [J]. Electronic World, 2017 (11): 29-30. Based on the analysis of the existing thermal management mode of energy storage batteries, this document proposes a thermal management mode of battery box based on personalized air supply. Secondly, based on the fluid dynamics simulation analysis method, the airflow organization of the battery box and the cooling air duct and its influencing factors are studied respectively, and the direction of thermal performance optimization of the energy storage battery box is clarified and the reasons for the abnormal performance after the battery box and the cooling air duct are integrated are pointed out. Patent CN219199588U, the utility model relates to the technical field of cold storage equipment, specifically to an air-cooled energy storage module. Patent CN118825495A, the invention relates to the technical field of air-cooled energy storage system, especially to an air-cooled energy storage system and its temperature control method. These studies or inventions are based on energy storage containers under normal operation, and none of them are aimed at operation in extremely cold environments. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of energy storage container air duct system with a phase change module. The energy storage container air duct system can cope with the large heat dissipation and energy loss problems faced by energy storage equipment in actual operation in extremely cold environments, absorb and store the heat emitted by the battery module when it is working, and keep the battery and the system within a suitable temperature range when the battery module is not in operation. The system can reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning system, and its structure is simple and has good applicability.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A new energy storage system composed of air-cooling ducts and phase change materials, the application scenario of the system is an extremely cold environment below -20°C, including an air conditioning duct system inside an energy storage container, including a main air outlet duct cavity, a plurality of battery cluster air outlets, an air outlet duct connecting the cavity, and front and rear air inlets of the battery cluster; a battery cluster composed of battery modules installed in a battery rack in the energy storage container; a phase change module with an adjustable fan; an external air conditioner with an air outlet and an air supply port; characterized in that: Through the coordinated work of air ducts, phase change modules and air conditioners, the heat generated by the battery modules in the energy storage container is recovered and effectively guided back into the container, thereby reducing the burden on the air conditioner, reducing refrigeration demand, and improving the energy efficiency of the entire system; at the same time, the system can automatically determine when to enable the phase change module for heat recovery, and intelligently adjust the working mode of the phase change module and air conditioner according to temperature changes, further optimizing energy management and achieving efficient operation.

[0007] The present invention also discloses a novel energy storage method of a composite of an air cooling pipe and a phase change material. The method is based on the novel energy storage system of a composite of an air cooling pipe and a phase change material, and is characterized in that: the system is regulated according to whether the battery module is in a working state and the temperature of the battery module; When the battery module is in working state, the temperature sensor will collect the temperature data of the battery module in real time; based on this data, the battery management system will adjust the working state of the external air conditioner to control the temperature of the battery module; in this case, the external air conditioner sends cold air into the energy storage container through the air supply port, and the cold air enters the battery module through the front and rear air inlets of the battery cluster, and flows from bottom to top, taking away the heat generated by the battery; the heated cold air passes through the air duct and is finally discharged outside the energy storage container, completing the entire heat exchange process. When the battery module is in working state, the phase change module is in the heat storage stage; the phase change material absorbs heat and gradually heats up. When the temperature approaches the phase change point, the material undergoes a phase change. This process absorbs a lot of heat, but the temperature changes slowly, allowing the phase change material to store a lot of heat energy in a short time.

[0008] When the battery module is not in operation, the temperature sensor will continue to monitor the temperature of the battery module and determine whether it is in a normal, overcooled or overheated state; If the temperature of the battery module is within the normal range, the system does not need to make any adjustments; If the battery module temperature is too high, the system will start the air conditioning cooling mode and repeat the temperature control process when the battery is in working state, while the phase change module is still in the heat storage state; If the temperature of the battery module is too low, the system will no longer enable the external air conditioner, but will first consider utilizing the heat stored in the phase change module. The system will first measure the phase change module temperature and analyze and compare it with the battery temperature. If the phase change module temperature is less than the battery module temperature + 10°C, it is considered that there is not enough heat stored in the phase change module to heat the battery module, and the air conditioner will be turned on for heating. If the phase change module temperature is greater than or equal to the battery module temperature + 10°C, it is considered that there is enough heat stored in the phase change module to heat the battery module. At this time, the phase change module fan is adjusted to adjust the battery module temperature. By adjusting the fan in the phase change module, the stored heat is converted into hot air, and the hot air is blown out in the opposite direction and distributed to each battery cluster through the air duct to heat the battery and increase its temperature. In addition, the hot air will also flow through the entire energy storage container to increase the temperature inside the container to ensure that the battery module can return to normal working state in a cold environment. When the phase change module temperature is less than the battery module temperature + 5°C, it is considered that the heat stored in the phase change module is used up, the phase change module fan is turned off, and the air conditioner is turned on for heating.

[0009] The present invention also discloses an energy storage container, including a system combining an air conditioning duct and a phase change module, wherein the system includes the above-mentioned novel energy storage system composed of an air cooling duct and a phase change material.

[0010] The present invention also discloses an energy storage container, including a system combining an air conditioning duct and a phase change module, wherein the system implements the above-mentioned novel energy storage method combining air cooling ducts and phase change materials. Beneficial Effects

[0011] Phase change module recovers heat: The phase change module recovers the heat of the battery module inside the container and transfers the heat back to the inside of the container, thereby avoiding excessive operation of the air conditioner, reducing the cooling demand of the air conditioner, and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0012] Optimize air conditioning operation: The external air conditioner automatically adjusts the cold or hot air output according to the real-time changes in container temperature to avoid overworking the air conditioner, thereby reducing energy consumption and maintenance costs.

[0013] Improved the adaptability of the entire system: The system has a dynamic adjustment control strategy. According to the battery charging and discharging status, the temperature changes in the container and the external ambient temperature, the system can intelligently adjust the cold and hot air modes of the air conditioner, the start and stop of the air conditioner heating or cooling, the working status of the phase change module, etc., thus improving the adaptability of the entire system.

[0014] Adapt to extreme climate conditions: The system can automatically adapt to different external temperature changes, especially in extremely cold environments.

[0015] Environmentally friendly and energy-saving: The heat recovery function of the phase change module effectively reduces energy waste and avoids excessive reliance on external energy for heating or cooling. At the same time, the energy efficiency of the overall system is improved through the optimized operation of the temperature control system. The system operates well with low energy consumption. Since the system can intelligently control the working modes of the air conditioner, heater and phase change module, unnecessary energy consumption is avoided, significantly reducing the overall energy usage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is the overall diagram of the system; Figure 2 It is the side view of the system; Figure 3 It is the top view of the system; Figure 4 The battery cluster and its air outlet; Figure 5 It is the back side of the phase change module; Figure 6 This is the front side of the phase change module; Figure 7 It is a top view of the phase change module; Figure 8 Install placement for project modules; Fig. 9 This is a diagram of an external air conditioner; Fig.10 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0017] Among them: 1. battery cluster; 2. external air conditioner; 201 air conditioner air supply port; 202. air conditioner air outlet; 3. main air outlet cavity; 4. connecting air outlet duct cavity; 101. battery rack; 102. battery module; 103. front air inlet of battery cluster; 104. rear air inlet of battery cluster; 105. air outlet of battery cluster; 501. phase change tube; 502. fan; 503. phase change module housing; 5. phase change module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is only illustrative and not restrictive. The various embodiments can be combined with each other to form other embodiments not shown in the following description.

[0019] The present invention has the following components: battery cluster 1; external air conditioner 2; air conditioner air supply port 201; air conditioner air outlet 202; air conditioner air inlet 203; main air outlet cavity 3; air outlet duct connection cavity 4; battery rack 101; battery module 102; battery cluster front air inlet 103; battery cluster rear air inlet 104; battery cluster air outlet 105; phase change module 5; phase change tube 501; fan 502; phase change module housing 503.

[0020] like Figure 1 , 4 As shown, the energy storage container is provided with several battery clusters 1, and the battery cluster 1 includes a battery rack 101, a battery module 102, a front air inlet 103 of the battery cluster 1, a rear air inlet 104 of the battery cluster 1, and an air outlet 105 of the battery cluster; the battery rack 101 is used to support and fix the battery module 102, and the battery module 102 is responsible for storing and releasing energy; in order to achieve good ventilation and heat dissipation, the front and rear parts of the battery cluster 1 are respectively provided with a front air inlet 103 of the battery cluster and a rear air inlet 104 of the battery cluster, and these air inlets are responsible for guiding the cold / hot air to flow into the battery cluster, helping to take away the heat generated by the battery module 102 or heating it. At the same time, the battery cluster 1 is also designed with a battery cluster air outlet 105, which is used to discharge the cold / hot air out of the battery cluster, forming a complete air circulation and heat dissipation path.

[0021] like Figure 5 , 6The phase change module 5 described in 7 is formed by a phase change tube 501, a fan 502, and a phase change module housing 503. The phase change tube 501 is the core component of the phase change module. It uses phase change materials (such as paraffin or other phase change thermal materials) to absorb and store excess heat from the air flow at the air outlet. The phase change tube 501 is made of metal or alloy materials with high thermal conductivity and contains phase change materials inside. The fan 502 is located at the rear of the phase change module and plays a role in promoting air flow. It accelerates heat conduction in the phase change tube 501 through forced convection and quickly conducts the heat absorbed in the phase change tube to the air duct. The fan 502 has a multi-speed adjustment function, can adjust the fan power according to system instructions, and can provide a strong air flow effect at a lower power consumption. The phase change module housing 503 is mainly responsible for encapsulating the phase change tube 501 and the fan 502. The housing material is generally made of metal or alloy materials with high thermal conductivity (such as aluminum alloy). The design of the phase change module housing also needs to have good mechanical strength and durability to adapt to the long-term workload in the energy storage system. The structural design of the phase change usually also takes into account the needs of air circulation, so that the hot air in the module can be discharged smoothly, thereby avoiding heat accumulation and reducing the heat dissipation effect. Heat sinks are usually provided on the housing. These heat dissipation designs help improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the module.

[0022] It should be noted that the phase change material in the phase change tube 501 can be of various types; however, considering the heat recovery of the air outlet of the energy storage container in an extremely cold environment, a phase change material suitable for a low temperature environment is selected. For example, organic phase change materials such as paraffin and stearic acid; inorganic phase change materials such as sodium chloride solution and calcium chloride solution; composite phase change materials such as organic-inorganic composite materials and metal hydride composite materials.

[0023] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 9, the energy storage container is equipped with an external air conditioner 2, an air conditioner air supply port 201, and an air conditioner air outlet 202; the external air conditioner 2 is installed on the outside of the energy storage container, and has cooling and heating functions to maintain a suitable temperature inside the container. The working principle of the external air conditioner 2 is to send the processed external air into the container through the air conditioner air supply port 201, and affect the temperature condition in the container by adjusting the temperature of the air; the air conditioner air inlet 203 is responsible for transporting the outside air into the air conditioner; the air conditioner air supply port 201 sends the processed air into the energy storage container; the air conditioner air outlet 202 is responsible for discharging the excess heat generated inside the container to the outside, so as to avoid overheating due to heat accumulation inside the system.

[0024] like Fig. 9As shown, the external air conditioner 2 is connected to the cavity 4 at the connection point of the air outlet duct, and the gas is discharged through the air conditioner outlet 202; the phase change module 5 is installed in the cavity 4 at the connection point of the air outlet duct; the air conditioner air supply port 201 of the external air conditioner 2 is located in the lower half of the air conditioner, and the purpose is to transport cold / hot air to the front air inlet 103 of the battery cluster.

[0025] It should be noted that the phase change module 5 is installed at the cavity 4 at the connection of the air outlet duct; it is necessary to ensure that the module can smoothly receive the air flowing through the air duct; the installation angle and height of the phase change module can be adjusted according to the spatial layout of the cavity 4 at the connection of the container air duct; the phase change module 5 is fixed with a bracket and screws; if necessary, an air guide cover or a special air duct connector can be used to further optimize the air flow path to ensure that the air passes through the phase change module smoothly, avoid air bypass or local blockage, and affect the heat exchange effect.

[0026] Here is a better example; When the entire energy storage container system is started, the working state of the battery module 102 will be checked first; the battery module 102 is in working state and non-working state; the working state of the battery module 102 means that the battery is providing energy to the system or receiving energy from the system, that is, the battery is in the process of charging or discharging. The non-working state of the battery module 102 means that the battery is not performing charging or discharging operations. In the non-working state, the battery does not participate in energy exchange, but it may still undergo temperature changes due to external factors (such as ambient temperature, internal resistance, natural discharge, etc.).

[0027] Furthermore, if the battery module 102 is in working state, the battery temperature is first obtained through the temperature sensor, and then the temperature of the battery module 102 is adjusted through the external air conditioner 2; generally, the heat generated when the battery is in working state is relatively large. In order to control the temperature of the battery module 102 to be too high, the external air conditioner 2 will deliver cold air at this time; the external air conditioner 2 delivers cold air into the energy storage container through the air-conditioning air supply port 201, and the cold air enters the battery cluster 1 through the rear air inlet 104 of the battery cluster and the front air inlet 103 of the battery cluster; the cold air flows from bottom to top in the battery cluster, and the cold air will be heated after passing through the battery module 102, and take away the heat of the battery module 102, so as to maintain the battery 102 within a suitable temperature range; thereafter, the heated cold air will be gathered into the main air outlet cavity 3 through the air outlets 105 of each battery cluster, and continue to flow through the air outlet duct connection cavity 4, and finally flow through the air outlet 202 of the external air conditioner 2 to the outside of the energy storage container, completing a set of heat exchange processes.

[0028] It should be noted that the detailed working principle and adjustment process of the external air conditioner 2 are as follows: the air-cooled energy storage system is equipped with temperature sensors, which monitor the temperature of the battery pack in real time; the control system determines the state of the battery module 102 based on the information fed back by the sensor; if the battery module 102 works in a low-temperature environment, performance degradation may occur, and the heating mode needs to be started at this time; if the battery module 102 itself generates too much heat, the cooling mode needs to be started. When the system determines that cooling is required, the air conditioner enters the cooling mode; the compressor compresses the refrigerant into high-pressure gas and sends it to the condenser; the high-pressure gas releases heat in the condenser and turns into liquid; the liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator, absorbs the heat of the surrounding air and evaporates into gas, thereby reducing the air temperature; the fan blows the air cooled by the evaporator to the battery module 102 to help reduce the operating temperature of the battery. When the system determines that heating is needed, the air conditioner switches to heating mode; the heat pump air conditioner achieves heating by changing the flow direction of the refrigerant; at this time, the evaporator becomes an outdoor heat exchanger, and the condenser becomes an indoor heat exchanger. The compressor draws in the low-pressure gas (from the evaporator) and compresses it to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows into the indoor heat exchanger, where it releases heat and heats the indoor air; the fan sends the heated air into the battery pack area to increase the temperature of the battery.

[0029] Furthermore, whether in cooling or heating mode, the control system will continuously monitor the temperature of the battery pack and automatically adjust the operating status of the air conditioner based on real-time data. When the battery pack reaches the set ideal operating temperature, the control system will reduce the operating frequency of the air conditioner or temporarily shut it down to save energy.

[0030] Furthermore, a phase change module 5 is provided in the air outlet duct connection cavity 4. At this time, the phase change module 5 is in the heat storage stage; the heat will be quickly transferred to the metal surface of the phase change tube 501, and then the metal surface will transfer the heat to the phase change material inside the phase change tube 501, and the phase change material will absorb the heat and gradually heat up; after the phase change material absorbs heat, the temperature quickly approaches its phase change point, which usually occurs between the solid and liquid states of the phase change material. For example, paraffin will change from solid to liquid, and in this process it will absorb a lot of heat, but the temperature changes very slowly. This process enables the phase change material to store a large amount of heat energy in a short period of time.

[0031] Furthermore, if the battery module 102 is in a non-operating state, the data acquisition system of the temperature sensor of the battery module 102 is responsible for collecting data from each sensor and determining the state of the temperature of the battery module 102 (normal temperature, overcooled, or overheated).

[0032] If the temperature of the battery module 102 is in a normal state, the system does not need to be regulated or only needs to be regulated slightly to maintain the existing normal temperature state; If the temperature of the battery module 102 is judged to be overheated, the cooling mode of the external air conditioner 2 needs to be turned on, and the process of the battery module 102 in the working state is repeated; at this time, the phase change module 5 is still in the heat storage stage and can absorb the residual heat in the cold air heated by the overheated battery module 102.

[0033] If the temperature of the battery module 102 is judged to be in an overcooled state, the temperature of the battery module 102 needs to be increased in time; at this time, the heat stored in the phase change module 5 is used first; The system will first measure the temperature of the phase change module 5 and analyze and compare it with the battery temperature; if the phase change module temperature is less than the battery module temperature + 10°C, it is considered that the phase change module 5 does not store enough heat to heat the battery module, and the air conditioner needs to be turned on for heating; if the phase change module temperature is greater than or equal to the battery module temperature + 10°C, it is considered that the phase change module 5 stores enough heat to heat the battery module, and the fan 502 in the phase change module 5 is adjusted to convert the stored heat into hot air. At this time, the hot air is blown in the opposite direction, and the hot air enters the main air outlet through the air outlet duct connecting the cavity 4. Tube 3; the hot air is distributed to each battery cluster air outlet 105 in the main air outlet duct, and then distributed to each battery cluster 1 to heat the battery module 102; the hot air can also flow through the battery cluster front air inlet 104 and the battery cluster rear air inlet 105 to flow through the entire energy storage system, and then can also heat up the entire energy storage container; when the phase change module temperature is less than the battery module temperature + 5°C, the phase change module is deemed to have used up the stored heat, the phase change module fan 502 is turned off, and the external air conditioner 2 is turned on for heating to continue to maintain a suitable temperature of the battery module 102.

[0034] It should be noted that when the phase change module 5 blows air in the reverse direction to the battery module 201, due to losses such as aerodynamic loss, heat exchange loss, pipeline and channel loss, it is considered that when the phase change module temperature is ≥ battery temperature + 10°C, the heat stored in the phase change module 5 can heat the battery module 102 well; and when the phase change module temperature is < battery temperature + 5°C, it is considered that the phase change module 5 has not stored enough heat to heat the battery module 102.

[0035] It should be noted that the normal temperature of the battery module 102 is 20°C to 35°C, which is the optimal operating temperature range of the battery; the temperature of the overcooled state is below 0°C, and heating is required to ensure that the battery temperature returns to a safe operating range to avoid battery freezing or performance degradation; the temperature of the overheated state is above 40°C; when the energy storage container is in an extremely cold environment, the heat dissipation of the battery module 102 in the non-working state is relatively large, so the process Fig.10 The battery module 102 is rarely overheated, and is more often in an overcooled or normal temperature state.

[0036] In summary, the energy storage system of the present invention can effectively improve the battery module temperature and system temperature regulation in extremely cold environments; the phase change module recovers the heat of the battery module inside the container and transfers the heat back to the inside of the container, thereby avoiding excessive operation of the air conditioner, reducing the cooling demand of the air conditioner, and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system; the system automatically determines when to start the phase change module to recover heat, and adjusts the working mode of the phase change module and the air conditioner according to temperature changes, so as to further optimize energy consumption management; the design of the present invention is simple, efficient and low-cost; battery damage or performance degradation caused by excessively high or low temperature is avoided, thereby extending the service life of the battery; the system can reduce the energy consumption of the external air conditioner of the energy storage container and reduce the overall operating cost. At the same time, it reduces the impact on the environment through more efficient energy management, which meets the requirements of green environmental protection.

[0037] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel energy storage system with air cooling duct and phase change material composite, the application scenario of the system is an extremely cold environment below -20°C, including an air conditioning duct system inside an energy storage container, a main air outlet duct cavity, a plurality of battery cluster air outlets, an air outlet duct connecting the cavity, and front and rear air inlets of the battery cluster; a battery cluster composed of battery modules installed in a battery rack in the energy storage container; a phase change module with an adjustable fan; an external air conditioner with an air outlet and an air supply port, characterized in that: Through the coordinated work of air ducts, phase change modules and air conditioners, the heat generated by the battery modules in the energy storage container is recovered and effectively guided back into the container, thereby reducing the burden on the air conditioner, reducing refrigeration needs, and improving the energy efficiency of the entire system; at the same time, the system can automatically determine when to enable the phase change module for heat recovery, and intelligently adjust the working mode of the phase change module and air conditioner according to temperature changes.

2. The novel energy storage system of the air-cooling pipe and phase change material composite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage container carries several battery clusters, which include battery racks, battery modules, battery cluster front air inlets, battery cluster rear air inlets, and battery cluster air outlets. The battery racks are used to support and fix the battery modules, which are responsible for storing and releasing energy. The battery cluster front air inlets and battery cluster rear air inlets are respectively provided at the front and rear of the battery cluster. A battery cluster air outlet is provided at one end of the battery cluster to discharge cold / hot air out of the battery cluster, forming a complete air circulation and heat dissipation path.

3. The novel energy storage system of the air-cooling pipe and phase change material composite according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The phase change module is composed of a phase change tube, a fan, and a phase change module shell. The phase change tube uses phase change materials to absorb and store excess heat from the air flow at the outlet. The phase change tube uses a metal or alloy material with high thermal conductivity and contains a phase change material inside. The fan is located at the rear of the phase change module and accelerates heat conduction in the phase change tube through forced convection, and quickly conducts the heat absorbed in the phase change tube to the air duct. The fan has a multi-speed adjustment function, can adjust the fan power according to system instructions, and can provide a strong air flow effect at lower power consumption. The phase change module shell is responsible for encapsulating the phase change tube and the fan, and the shell material is a metal or alloy material with high thermal conductivity.

4. The novel energy storage system of the air-cooling pipe and phase change material composite according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The energy storage container is equipped with an external air conditioner, air-conditioning air supply vents, and air-conditioning air outlets; the external air conditioner is installed on the outside of the energy storage container, and has cooling and heating functions to maintain a suitable temperature inside the container; the external air is processed and sent into the container through the air-conditioning air supply vents, and the temperature conditions inside the container are affected by adjusting the air temperature; the air-conditioning air supply vents send the processed air into the energy storage container; the air-conditioning air outlets are responsible for discharging excess heat generated inside the container to the outside, avoiding overheating due to heat accumulation inside the system.

5. The novel energy storage system of the air-cooling pipe and phase change material composite according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The cavity where the external air conditioner is connected to the air outlet duct is communicated, and the gas is discharged through the air outlet of the air conditioner; a phase change module is installed in the cavity where the air outlet duct is connected; the air supply outlet of the external air conditioner is located in the lower half of the air conditioner, and the purpose is to transport cold / hot air to the front air inlet of the battery cluster.

6. The novel energy storage system of the air-cooling pipe and phase change material composite according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Install the phase change module at the cavity where the air outlet duct is connected. Adjust the installation angle and height of the phase change module according to the spatial layout of the cavity where the container air duct is connected. Fix the phase change module with brackets and screws.

7. A novel energy storage method of air-cooling pipes and phase change materials, based on the novel energy storage system of air-cooling pipes and phase change materials, characterized in that: The system is regulated according to whether the battery module is in working state and the temperature of the battery module; When the battery module is in working condition, the temperature sensor will collect the temperature data of the battery module in real time; based on this data, the battery management system will adjust the working state of the external air conditioner to control the temperature of the battery module; in this case, the external air conditioner sends cold air into the energy storage container through the air supply port, and the cold air enters the battery module through the front and rear air inlets of the battery cluster, and flows from bottom to top, taking away the heat generated by the battery; the heated cold air passes through the air duct and is finally discharged from the energy storage container, completing the entire heat exchange process. When the battery module is in working condition, the phase change module is in the heat storage stage; the phase change material absorbs heat and gradually heats up. When the temperature approaches the phase change point, the material undergoes a phase change. This process absorbs a lot of heat, but the temperature changes slowly, allowing the phase change material to store a lot of heat energy in a short time; When the battery module is not in operation, the temperature sensor will continue to monitor the temperature of the battery module and determine whether it is in a normal, overcooled or overheated state; If the temperature of the battery module is within the normal range, the system does not need to make any adjustments; If the battery module temperature is too high, the system will start the air conditioning cooling mode and repeat the temperature control process when the battery is in working state, while the phase change module is still in the heat storage state; If the temperature of the battery module is too low, the system will no longer activate the external air conditioner, but will use the heat stored in the phase change module; by adjusting the fan inside the phase change module, the stored heat is converted into hot air, and the hot air is blown out in the opposite direction through the air duct to be distributed to each battery cluster to heat the battery and increase its temperature; in addition, the hot air will also flow through the entire energy storage container, increasing the temperature inside the container, ensuring that the battery module can return to normal working condition in a cold environment.

8. An energy storage container, comprising a system combining an air conditioning duct and a phase change module, characterized by: The system comprises a novel energy storage system composed of an air-cooling pipe and a phase change material as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. An energy storage container, comprising a system combining an air conditioning duct and a phase change module, characterized by: The system implements the novel energy storage method of combining air-cooling pipes and phase change materials as described in claim 7.

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