A waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth and angular coverage

Abstract

The present application discloses a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage, which relates to the field of antenna technology and is used to receive signals with a target wavelength. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage includes a ridge waveguide, a coaxial connector and a metal reflector. The ridge waveguide is in the shape of a quadrangular prism and has a closed end at one end and an open end at the other end. A waveguide ridge extending from the open end to the closed end is respectively arranged on a group of opposite inner walls of the ridge waveguide. The two waveguide ridges are arranged oppositely and there is a gap between the two opposite surfaces. The coaxial connector includes an inner conductor and a coaxial connector connected to each other. The inner conductor passes through the ridge waveguide and contacts a waveguide ridge. The coaxial connector is arranged outside the ridge waveguide. The metal reflector is sleeved on the outer periphery of the ridge waveguide. The quadrangular prism-shaped ridge waveguide in the present application can have a higher beam width when the antenna is working at a high frequency. At the same time, compared with the horn-shaped ridge waveguide of the traditional antenna, the quadrangular prism-shaped ridge waveguide has a smaller overall size and is more convenient to install and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth and angular coverage. Background Art

[0002] Radio monitoring and direction finding refers to the activities of detecting, searching, and intercepting radio signals within the radio management area, and analyzing, identifying, monitoring, and obtaining technical information such as technical parameters, working characteristics, and radiation position of the radio signals. It is an important means of effectively implementing radio management and an important branch of radio spectrum management. Antennas are an important part of radio monitoring and direction finding equipment, and their performance characteristics determine the performance indicators of radio monitoring and direction finding products. Generally speaking, radio monitoring and direction finding products require wide-band operation and wide-angle coverage.

[0003] The traditional antenna structure consists of a coaxial connector and a double-ridged horn antenna. Electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the coaxial connector to the double-ridged horn antenna, and finally form spatial radiation. The double-ridged horn antenna has two gradient ridges on the upper and lower wide sides to form a double-ridged horn; the left and right narrow sides have metal grids to improve impedance matching.

[0004] The above-mentioned metal double-ridged horn antenna only has the antenna wide-band radiation function and still has natural defects: when working at low frequency, the beam width is wide and can cover a larger angle range; when working at high frequency, the beam width is narrow and wide-angle coverage cannot be achieved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth and angular coverage, aiming to solve the problem that the traditional double-ridged horn antenna has a narrow beam width and cannot achieve wide-angle coverage when working at high frequency.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage, which is used to receive signals with target wavelengths. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage includes a ridge waveguide, a coaxial connector and a metal reflector. The ridge waveguide is in the shape of a quadrangular prism and has one end as a closed end and the other end as an open end. A waveguide ridge extending from the open end to the closed end is respectively arranged on a group of opposite inner walls of the ridge waveguide, and two of the waveguide ridges are arranged opposite to each other and there is a gap between the two opposite surfaces. The coaxial connector includes an inner conductor and a coaxial connector that are connected to each other. The inner conductor passes through the ridge waveguide and abuts against one of the waveguide ridges, and the coaxial connector is arranged outside the ridge waveguide. The metal reflector is sleeved on the outer periphery of the ridge waveguide.

[0007] Optionally, in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge, the distance between the metal reflector and the open end of the ridge waveguide is a first distance; wherein the ratio of the first distance to one quarter of the target wavelength is a, and a is a positive integer.

[0008] Optionally, the relative direction of the two waveguide ridges is a first direction; wherein the ratio of the length of the metal reflector in the first direction to the length of the ridge waveguide in the first direction is b, and b≥5.

[0009] Optionally, the relative direction of the two waveguide ridges is a first direction; the two waveguide ridges are both inclined at the open end, and the side where the two waveguide ridges are close to each other is a stepped structure, and the stepped structure includes a plurality of step surfaces connected in sequence in the extension direction of the waveguide ridges, and a step is formed between two adjacent step surfaces. The steps at different positions have a height gradient varying in the first direction, and the height of the first step is the smallest, and the height of the last step is the largest, the first step is close to the open end of the ridge waveguide, and the last step is close to the closed end of the ridge waveguide.

[0010] Optionally, the two waveguide ridges are mirror images of each other; wherein the coaxial connector is fixed to the closed end of the ridge waveguide, the inner conductor passes through the closed end of the ridge waveguide along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge, and abuts against the last step of one of the waveguide ridges.

[0011] Optionally, the two waveguide ridges are a first waveguide ridge and a second waveguide ridge, the first waveguide ridge is provided with a through hole extending along the first direction, and the first waveguide ridge is arranged on the inner side of a first ridge wall of the ridge waveguide; wherein the coaxial connector is fixed on the outer wall of the first ridge wall, the inner conductor passes through the first ridge wall and the through hole on the first waveguide ridge along the first direction, and abuts against the second-to-last step surface of the second waveguide ridge.

[0012] Optionally, in the same waveguide ridge, the heights from the first step surface to the penultimate step surface increase successively, and the height of the last step surface is lower than the height of the penultimate step surface; wherein the first step surface is a step surface connected to the inclined surface, and the last step surface is a step surface connected to the closed end of the ridge waveguide.

[0013] Optionally, the ratio of the length from the first step surface to the penultimate step surface in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge to the target wavelength is 1 / 4; the ratio of the length of the last step surface in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge to the target wavelength is 1 / 8.

[0014] Optionally, the angle between the inclined surface and the step surface connected thereto is c, and 130°≤c≤140°.

[0015] Optionally, the waveguide ridge includes six step surfaces, namely the first step surface, the second step surface, the third step surface, the fourth step surface, the fifth step surface and the sixth step surface, and the first step surface is connected to the inclined surface; wherein, in the first direction, the height variation range from the first step to the last step on a waveguide ridge is 0.25mm~0.35mm, 0.45mm~0.55mm, 0.55mm~0.65mm, 0.65mm~0.75mm, 0.95mm~1.05mm, respectively.

[0016] The embodiment of the present application proposes a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage, in which electromagnetic waves are fed into a ridge waveguide by a coaxial connector and an inner conductor of a coaxial connector, and radiated outward through two waveguide ridge waveguides, and the two waveguide ridges realize impedance matching and mode conversion of the waveguide transmission mode of the electromagnetic wave to the spatial radiation mode; wherein, the quadrangular prism-shaped ridge waveguide can have a higher beam width when the antenna operates at high frequency, and can be better applied to radio monitoring and direction finding products; at the same time, compared with the horn-shaped ridge waveguide of the traditional antenna, the quadrangular prism-shaped ridge waveguide has a smaller overall size and is more convenient to install and use; in addition, the metal reflector can effectively reduce the backward radiation when the antenna is working. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly explain the prior art and the present invention, the drawings required for describing the prior art and the embodiments of the present invention are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0018] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so that people familiar with this technology can understand and read them. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coaxial connector according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a ridge waveguide according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage provided in Example 2 of the present application.

[0023] In the figure: 1. Ridge waveguide; 2. Waveguide ridge; 21. Inclined surface; 22. First step surface; 23. Second step surface; 24. Third step surface; 25. Fourth step surface; 26. Fifth step surface; 27. Sixth step surface; 3. Coaxial connector; 31. Inner conductor; 32. Coaxial joint; 4. Metal reflector.

[0024] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0027] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0029] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage provided in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coaxial connector according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a ridge waveguide according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage provided in Example 2 of the present application.

[0031] refer to Figure 1 to Figure 4 The embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage, which is used to receive a signal with a target wavelength. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage includes a ridge waveguide 1, a coaxial connector 3 and a metal reflector 4. The ridge waveguide 1 is in the shape of a quadrangular prism and has a closed end at one end and an open end at the other end. A waveguide ridge 2 extending from the open end to the closed end is respectively arranged on a group of opposite inner walls of the ridge waveguide 1, and the two waveguide ridges 2 are arranged opposite to each other and there is a gap between the two opposite surfaces; the coaxial connector 3 includes an inner conductor 31 and a coaxial connector 32 connected to each other, the inner conductor 31 passes through the ridge waveguide 1 and contacts a waveguide ridge 2, and the coaxial connector 32 is arranged outside the ridge waveguide 1; the metal reflector 4 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the ridge waveguide 1.

[0032] The embodiment of the present application proposes a waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage, in which electromagnetic waves are fed into a ridge waveguide 1 by a coaxial connector 32 and an inner conductor 31 of a coaxial connector 3, and radiated outward through two waveguide ridges 2. The two waveguide ridges 2 realize impedance matching and mode conversion of the waveguide transmission mode of the electromagnetic wave to the spatial radiation mode. Among them, the quadrangular prism-shaped ridge waveguide 1 can have a higher beam width when the antenna operates at high frequency, and can be better applied to radio monitoring and direction finding products. At the same time, compared with the horn-shaped ridge waveguide of the traditional antenna, the quadrangular prism-shaped ridge waveguide 1 has a smaller overall size, which also makes the antenna easier to install and carry. At the same time, the miniaturized design allows the antenna to be more flexibly installed in various environments, whether indoors or outdoors, and can be easily integrated into the existing monitoring system.

[0033] The ridge waveguide 1 is in a quadrangular prism shape, that is, a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The first direction is the X direction, that is, the direction in which the two waveguide ridges 2 are opposite to each other. The second direction is the Y direction, that is, the extension direction of the ridge waveguide 1 .

[0034] Furthermore, the manufacturing process of the quadrangular prism ridge waveguide 1 is relatively simple, low in cost, and suitable for mass production. Moreover, due to its simple structure, it is more convenient to maintain and repair, thus reducing the cost of long-term operation.

[0035] It should be noted that the air impedance is 377 ohms and the standard impedance is 50 ohms. The mode conversion from the waveguide transmission mode of the above-mentioned electromagnetic wave to the space radiation mode is also accompanied by a process of transformation from the standard impedance to the air impedance, that is, a matching process from 50 ohms to 377 ohms is achieved.

[0036] Among them, the quadrangular prism ridge waveguide 1 design can make the antenna have a wider beam width when working at high frequency, which means that the antenna can cover a larger angle range and improve the sensitivity and accuracy of monitoring; in addition, the higher beam width makes the antenna more suitable for radio monitoring and direction finding, especially in applications that require large-range scanning, such as spectrum monitoring, interference source location, etc.

[0037] Specifically, a metal reflector 4 is arranged on the periphery of the ridge waveguide 1. The metal reflector 4 can reflect the electromagnetic waves in the backward direction of the antenna, reduce interference to the surrounding environment, and effectively reduce the backward radiation of the antenna when it is working. By reducing the backward radiation, more energy is concentrated in the forward direction, thereby improving the forward gain of the antenna and enhancing the signal transmission efficiency.

[0038] Furthermore, the metal reflector 4 and the ridge waveguide 1 can be fixed by welding or screw connection. Of course, the metal reflector 4 and the ridge waveguide 1 can also be formed as one piece, which makes the entire antenna structure more compact and easier to install and maintain.

[0039] It should be noted that a rectangular through hole is opened at the center of the metal reflector 4 , and the side wall of the rectangular through hole is in contact with the outer periphery of the ridge waveguide 1 .

[0040] refer to Figure 1 In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 2, the distance between the metal reflector 4 and the open end of the ridge waveguide 1 is a first distance; wherein the ratio of the first distance to one quarter of the target wavelength is a, and a is a positive integer.

[0041] Specifically, the distance between the metal reflector 4 and the open end of the ridge waveguide 1, i.e., the radiation port, is an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength, so that the reflected wave generated by the metal reflector 4 and the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiation port are superimposed in phase, which significantly enhances the radiation intensity of the antenna and improves the gain of the antenna; at the same time, the in-phase superposition of the reflected wave and the radiation wave can further enhance the directivity of the antenna and improve the accuracy of beam control.

[0042] It should be understood that the reflected wave generated by the metal reflector 4 is the electromagnetic wave reflected by the metal reflector 4 .

[0043] refer to Figure 1 In an exemplary embodiment, the relative direction of the two waveguide ridges 2 is a first direction; wherein the ratio of the length of the metal reflector 4 in the first direction to the length of the ridge waveguide 1 in the first direction is b, and b≥5.

[0044] Specifically, the electromagnetic waves radiated backward at the radiation port are mainly distributed outside the two opposite sides of the ridge waveguide 1 in the first direction. Therefore, in the first direction, the higher the height of the metal reflector 4 is compared with the height of the ridge waveguide 1, the more electromagnetic waves are reflected by the metal reflector 4, and the better the effect of reducing the backward radiation of the antenna.

[0045] Furthermore, when b≥5, the metal reflector 4 has a better reflection effect on electromagnetic waves.

[0046] refer to Figure 3 In an exemplary embodiment, the relative direction of the two waveguide ridges 2 is a first direction; the two waveguide ridges 2 are each provided with a slope 21 at the open end, and the side of the two waveguide ridges 2 close to each other is a stepped structure, and the stepped structure includes a plurality of step surfaces connected in sequence in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 2, and a step is formed between two adjacent step surfaces. The steps at different positions have a height gradient change in the first direction, and the height of the first step is the smallest, and the height of the last step is the largest. The first step is close to the open end of the ridge waveguide 1, and the last step is close to the closed end of the ridge waveguide 1.

[0047] Specifically, each step surface and the inclined surface 21 can achieve broadband impedance matching and expand the working bandwidth, and the inclined surface 21 can realize the mode conversion function of the waveguide transmission mode of the electromagnetic wave to the spatial radiation mode. In this way, each step surface cooperates with the inclined surface 21 to realize the matching process and mode conversion process of the 50 ohm transmission mode to the 377 ohm transmission mode.

[0048] Among them, the stepped structure can achieve broadband impedance matching, so that the antenna maintains good impedance matching in a wider frequency range, improving the performance of the antenna. At the same time, the design of the stepped structure makes the overall size of the antenna more compact, which is convenient for installation and use; the design of the slope 21 allows the electromagnetic waves to smoothly transition from the waveguide transmission mode to the spatial radiation mode, thereby improving the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna.

[0049] Furthermore, the edge of the inclined surface 21 coincides with the edge of the opening end of the ridge waveguide 1 , so that the radiation structure of the antenna radiating outward has continuity and the processing and manufacturing of the waveguide ridge 2 is facilitated.

[0050] Among them, the height of the first step is the smallest, and the height of the last step is the largest; by gradually increasing the height of each step, the impedance matching effect of each step facing the electromagnetic wave can be made more precise and smoother, reducing reflection and loss, and improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0051] It should be understood that a step is formed between two adjacent step surfaces, and the height of the step refers to the distance between the two corresponding step surfaces in the first direction.

[0052] At the same time, the design of gradually decreasing height difference enables each step surface to better adapt to electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, thereby achieving impedance matching in a wider frequency range, which can further increase the bandwidth extended by each step surface and improve the overall working bandwidth of the antenna.

[0053] refer to Figure 4 In an exemplary embodiment, the two waveguide ridges 2 are mirror images of each other; wherein the coaxial connector 3 is fixed to the closed end of the ridge waveguide 1, and the inner conductor 31 passes through the closed end of the ridge waveguide 1 along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 2, and abuts against the last step of a waveguide ridge 2.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 In an exemplary embodiment, the two waveguide ridges 2 are a first waveguide ridge and a second waveguide ridge, the first waveguide ridge is provided with a through hole extending along a first direction, and the first waveguide ridge is arranged on the inner side of a first ridge wall of a ridge waveguide 1; wherein the coaxial connector 3 is fixed on the outer wall of the first ridge wall, the inner conductor 31 passes through the first ridge wall and the through hole on the first waveguide ridge along the first direction, and abuts against the second to last step surface of the second waveguide ridge.

[0055] Specifically, the above content provides two installation positions of the coaxial connector 3. By providing two installation positions, the antenna can be adjusted according to different application scenarios or installation requirements.

[0056] It should be understood that the coaxial connector 32 has a signal input terminal, and the coaxial connector 32 can be fixed to the ridge waveguide 1 by bolts, so that the replacement and maintenance of the coaxial connector 3 are convenient.

[0057] refer to Figure 3 In an exemplary embodiment, in the same waveguide ridge 2, the heights from the first step surface to the penultimate step surface increase successively, and the height of the last step surface is lower than the height of the penultimate step surface; wherein the first step surface is a step surface connected to the inclined surface 21, and the last step surface is a step surface connected to the closed end of the ridge waveguide 1.

[0058] refer to Figure 3 In an exemplary embodiment, the angle between the inclined surface 21 and the step surface connected thereto is c, and 130°≤c≤140°.

[0059] Specifically, c can be 130°, 133°, 135°, 138° and 140°, etc. The smaller the value of c is, the smaller the spatial impedance of the antenna's final output is; conversely, the smaller the tilt angle is, the greater the spatial impedance of the antenna's final output is; in a preferred embodiment, c can be 135°, at which time the spatial impedance of the antenna's output is closer to the air impedance of 377 ohms, so that the radiation effect of the antenna is better.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide ridge 2 includes six step surfaces, namely a first step surface 22, a second step surface 23, a third step surface 24, a fourth step surface 25, a fifth step surface 26 and a sixth step surface 27, and the first step surface 22 is connected to the inclined surface 21; wherein, in the first direction, the height variation range from the first step to the last step on a waveguide ridge 2 is 0.25mm~0.35mm, 0.45mm~0.55mm, 0.55mm~0.65mm, 0.65mm~0.75mm, 0.95mm~1.05mm, respectively.

[0061] Specifically, on a waveguide ridge 2, the more step surfaces there are, the better, but the more steps there are, the higher the design complexity and processing cost. In a preferred solution that takes into account performance, design complexity and cost, there are six step surfaces, namely the first step surface 22 to the sixth step surface 27.

[0062] Furthermore, the height variation values ​​from the first step to the last step on a waveguide ridge 2 may be 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1 mm, respectively.

[0063] refer to Figure 3 In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the length from the first step surface to the penultimate step surface in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 2 to the target wavelength is 1 / 4; the ratio of the length of the last step surface in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge 2 to the target wavelength is 1 / 8.

[0064] Specifically, if there are six step surfaces, namely the first step surface 22 to the sixth step surface 27, the length of the first step surface 22 to the fifth step surface 26 in the second direction is 1 / 4 of the target wavelength, and the length of the sixth step surface 27 in the second direction is 1 / 8 of the target wavelength.

[0065] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth and angular coverage, characterized in that: For receiving a signal having a target wavelength, the waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angular coverage comprises: A ridge waveguide (1) is in the shape of a quadrangular prism and has one end that is a closed end and the other end that is an open end, wherein a group of opposite inner walls of the ridge waveguide (1) are respectively provided with a waveguide ridge (2) extending from the open end to the closed end, and two of the waveguide ridges (2) are arranged opposite to each other and a gap is provided between the two opposite surfaces; A coaxial connector (3) comprising an inner conductor (31) and a coaxial connector (32) connected to each other, wherein the inner conductor (31) passes through the ridge waveguide (1) and contacts a waveguide ridge (2), and the coaxial connector (32) is arranged outside the ridge waveguide (1); A metal reflection plate (4) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the ridge waveguide (1).

2. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the extension direction of the waveguide ridge (2), the distance between the metal reflector (4) and the open end of the ridge waveguide (1) is a first distance; The ratio of the first distance to one quarter of the target wavelength is a, and a is a positive integer.

3. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The direction in which the two waveguide ridges (2) are opposite to each other is a first direction; The ratio of the length of the metal reflector (4) in the first direction to the length of the ridge waveguide (1) in the first direction is b, and b≥5.

4. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The direction in which the two waveguide ridges (2) are opposite to each other is a first direction; The two waveguide ridges (2) are each provided with an inclined surface (21) at the open end, and the sides of the two waveguide ridges (2) close to each other are in a stepped structure, wherein the stepped structure comprises a plurality of step surfaces sequentially connected in the extension direction of the waveguide ridges (2), a step is formed between two adjacent step surfaces, the steps at different positions have a height gradient variation in the first direction, the height of the first step is the smallest, and the height of the last step is the largest, the first step is close to the open end of the ridge waveguide (1), and the last step is close to the closed end of the ridge waveguide (1).

5. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The two waveguide ridges (2) are mirror images of each other; The coaxial connector (3) is fixed to the closed end of the ridge waveguide (1), and the inner conductor (31) passes through the closed end of the ridge waveguide (1) along the extension direction of the waveguide ridge (2) and abuts against a last step of the waveguide ridge (2).

6. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The two waveguide ridges (2) are a first waveguide ridge and a second waveguide ridge, the first waveguide ridge is provided with a through hole extending along the first direction, and the first waveguide ridge is arranged on the inner side of a first ridge wall of the ridge waveguide (1); The coaxial connector (3) is fixed on the outer wall of the first ridge wall, and the inner conductor (31) passes through the first ridge wall and the through hole on the first waveguide ridge along the first direction, and abuts against the second-to-last step surface of the second waveguide ridge.

7. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In the same waveguide ridge (2), the heights of the first step surface to the second to last step surface increase in sequence, and the height of the last step surface is lower than the height of the second to last step surface; The first step surface is a step surface connected to the inclined surface (21), and the last step surface is a step surface connected to the closed end of the ridge waveguide (1).

8. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The ratio of the length from the first step surface to the penultimate step surface in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge (2) to the target wavelength is 1 / 4; The ratio of the length of the last step surface in the extension direction of the waveguide ridge (2) to the target wavelength is 1 / 8.

9. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The included angle between the inclined surface (21) and the step surface connected thereto is c, and 130°≤c≤140°.

10. The waveguide antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth angle coverage as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The waveguide ridge (2) comprises six step surfaces, namely a first step surface (22), a second step surface (23), a third step surface (24), a fourth step surface (25), a fifth step surface (26) and a sixth step surface (27); the first step surface (22) is connected to the inclined surface (21); Wherein, in the first direction, the height variation ranges from the first step to the last step on the waveguide ridge (2) are 0.25mm-0.35mm, 0.45mm-0.55mm, 0.55mm-0.65mm, 0.65mm-0.75mm, and 0.95mm-1.05mm respectively.

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