Multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system and method based on self-adaption

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system and method based on self-adaption. The method comprises the steps that S1, initial quantum states are allocated to a plurality of communication parties; s2, measuring channel noise and channel fidelity, and setting quantum error correction code strength; s3, the communication party encodes and sends the information, and recodes and adjusts the information when channel monitoring is abnormal; s4, the receiver measures and extracts information, if the error rate exceeds a threshold value, feedback is carried out, the sender carries out re-coding and error correction according to the feedback and then sends the information again, and channel parameters are updated when the channel state change is large; s5, the communication party calculates and receives the quantum state hash value, exchanges and compares the quantum state hash value, determines a suspicious party when the quantum state hash value is inconsistent, the suspicious party resends and provides a record, and each party adjusts a channel security policy according to the record; s6, summarizing and confirming dialogues; and S7, analyzing and optimizing system performance. The method can effectively resist external attacks, guarantees information security, and is suitable for scenes with high security requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of communication security technology, and in particular relates to an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system and method. Background Art

[0002] Quantum secure direct communication is a communication method that directly transmits quantum information in a quantum channel and can detect eavesdropping. It has been theoretically proven to be absolutely secure. In view of the current expensive and scarce resources of full quantum devices, "semi-quantum secure direct communication" has been proposed. Based on the integration of quantum devices and classical devices, it aims to reduce the cost and computing burden of quantum hardware equipment and promote the development and practical application of quantum communication. At present, the research on semi-quantum secure direct communication methods mainly includes two or three communication participants. The quantum communication party and the classical communication party can become the sender or receiver of information. It mainly focuses on one-way communication between the quantum party and the classical communication party, and there are tampering attacks during the communication process. However, multi-party quantum communication is not only the development trend of the next generation of quantum network communication, but two-way communication is more in line with actual communication needs. The existing communication modes and methods cannot meet the needs of future quantum networks.

[0003] The existing semi-quantum secure direct communication technology solutions mainly solve the one-way communication between two communicating parties. Most of the current protocol methods have the risk of tampering attacks, the efficiency is not very ideal, and they do not meet the future development needs of high-security networking. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system and method, which can dynamically adjust the quantum error correction code strength and transmission frequency according to the real-time channel state through an adaptive channel module, thereby solving the problem that the efficiency of the existing technology is not very ideal.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method based on adaptation, and the dialogue method comprises the following steps: Step S1, quantum state allocation: allocate initial quantum states to multiple communication parties. The initial quantum states are prepared in different ways according to the capabilities of the communication parties, and classical auxiliary information vectors are given at the same time. Step S2, channel assessment: measuring channel noise and channel fidelity, and setting quantum error correction code strength; Step S3, dialogue initiation: the communication party encodes and sends the information, and re-encodes and adjusts when the channel monitoring is abnormal; Step S4, information exchange: The receiving party measures and extracts information, and gives feedback if the error rate exceeds a threshold. The sending party re-encodes and corrects errors based on the feedback and sends again. If the channel state changes significantly, the channel parameters are updated. Step S5, multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention: The communicating parties calculate and receive the quantum state hash value and exchange and compare them. If they are inconsistent, the suspicious party is determined. The suspicious party resends and provides records, and the parties adjust the channel security strategy according to the records. Step S6, dialogue summary and confirmation: the parties confirm the dialogue content through classic communication summary, and if there is any inconsistency, they backtrack to find the error and correct it; Step S7, system performance analysis and optimization: calculate the average fidelity, accuracy and anti-tampering effectiveness, and optimize the system accordingly.

[0006] Furthermore, the step S1, quantum state allocation specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Assign a set of initial quantum states to each communication party. Suppose the number of communication parties is , No. The initial quantum state of each communication party is , The preparation method depends on the capabilities of the communicating parties; Step S12: Assign a classic auxiliary information vector to each communication party ,in, is the dimension of classic auxiliary information.

[0007] Furthermore, the step S2, channel assessment specifically includes the following steps: Step S21: Perform an initial evaluation of the quantum channel between the parties, measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set initial channel parameters for each communication link; Step S22: define the relationship between quantum error correction code strength, channel noise and channel fidelity as: ; In the formula, Indicates rounding up. For communication To the communication party The channel noise, For communication To the communication party The channel fidelity is For communication To the communication party The strength of quantum error correction code; The relationship between quantum state transmission frequency, channel noise and channel fidelity is: ; In the formula, For communication To the communication party The frequency of quantum state transmission.

[0008] Furthermore, the step S3, initiating a dialogue, specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: Communication party 1 initiates a conversation, and the initiator sends information related to the conversation topic to Encoded into the quantum state, the encoding expression is , is the encoding function, is the initial quantum state of communication party 1, The quantum state after encoding for communication party 1; Step S32: Communicator 1 transmits It is sent to each communication party. During the sending process, the adaptive channel module monitors the channel status in real time; When it is found that the channel parameters deviate from the initial set values, the quantum state encoding method or error correction strategy is adjusted according to the current channel state: Detected from communication party 1 to communication party The current channel noise is and the current channel fidelity is ,when When the encoded quantum state is adjusted to ,in, is the adjusted encoding function, is the quantum state adjusted by communication party 1.

[0009] Furthermore, the step S4, information interaction specifically includes the following steps: Step S41: Assume that the sender is communication party 1 and the receiver is communication party ,in, , upon receiving the quantum state or adjusted After that, perform preliminary quantum measurement and information extraction: The measurement expression is , is the measurement function, and the measurement result is , when the quantum state is disturbed beyond the threshold, the communication party Error information will be fed back to the sender; Step S42: After receiving the feedback, the sender cooperates with the adaptive channel module to readjust the sending strategy. Feedback error, communication party 1 according to the current channel status and communication party Feedback adjusts the current quantum error correction code strength: ; In the formula, To provide additional error correction strength based on the error situation, From communication party 1 to communication party The current quantum error correction code strength of Recode the quantum state as , and send it to the communication party again ; In the formula, is the recoding function, The re-encoded quantum state of communication party 1; Step S43: During the multi-party dialogue, the parties continuously exchange information, and the adaptive channel module continuously monitors the channel status of the entire network and the operation status of each party: set up and is the channel noise matrix and channel fidelity matrix monitored at the current moment, The current moment from the communication party To the communication party The channel noise, The current moment from the communication party To the communication party The channel fidelity is defined as the channel state change ,in, is the norm of the matrix, and are the original channel noise matrix and the original channel fidelity matrix respectively; when When is a pre-set threshold; For all communication links, update the quantum error correction code strength: ; In the formula, For communication To the communication party Updated quantum error correction code strength; Adjust the frequency of quantum state transmission: ; In the formula, For communication To the communication party Adjusted quantum state transmission frequency.

[0010] Furthermore, the step S5, multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention, specifically includes the following steps: Step S51: During the conversation, a multi-party collaborative anti-tampering mechanism is established. When receiving and processing quantum state information, the communicating party performs its own error correction and information extraction, and interacts and verifies information with other communicating parties; Step S52: Set the communication party The received quantum state is , the communicating party calculate Hash value ,in, As a hash function, through classical communication Send to each communication party; Corresponding party receive Then, calculate the quantum state you received Hash value , and compare and ,when When the parties are involved in the error correction and tracing mechanism, Step S53: define a set of communication parties whose hash values ​​are inconsistent with other communication parties: ; In the formula, For collection The elements in For communication party The calculated hash value, For communication parties The hash value calculated by a communication party other than Indicates that there is a communication party ; For inconsistent communication parties , each communication party sends a verification request to the inconsistent communication party, and the communication party Resend relevant quantum state information and provide detailed operation records and channel state information; Each party recalculates the hash value and verifies it. If the hash value is still inconsistent, the channel security policy is adjusted to change the post-quantum encryption strength to: ; In the formula, is the original quantum encryption strength, To increase the encryption strength according to tampering; The changed communication path selection function is: ; In the formula, is the set of all communication paths, and For path Channel noise and channel fidelity on .

[0011] Furthermore, the method for calculating the average fidelity, accuracy and anti-tampering effectiveness in the step S7, system performance analysis and optimization, is specifically: Average fidelity of quantum channel: ; In the formula, is the number of communicating parties, For communication To the communication party Channel fidelity; Accuracy of information transmission: ; In the formula, For communication party Information error rate; Effectiveness of anti-tampering mechanisms: ; In the formula, For communication party and between tampering.

[0012] The present invention also provides a multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system based on adaptation, the dialogue system includes a quantum state preparation module, an information encoding and decoding module, an adaptive channel module, an anti-tampering verification module and a system optimization module, the output end of the quantum state preparation module is unidirectionally connected to the input end of the information encoding and decoding module, the information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the adaptive channel module, the information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module, the adaptive channel module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module, the anti-tampering verification module is bidirectionally connected to the system optimization module, the system optimization module is bidirectionally connected to the quantum state preparation module, the information encoding and decoding module and the adaptive channel module, the quantum state preparation module is used to provide an initial quantum state to the information encoding and decoding module, is the basis of the entire system, and provides quantum state resources for subsequent information processing, the information encoding and decoding module is used to receive the quantum state generated by the quantum state preparation module, and after information encoding, transmits it through the adaptive channel module The tamper-proof verification module transmits the encoded quantum state, receives the quantum state from the adaptive channel module for decoding, and interacts with the anti-tampering verification module. According to the anti-tampering verification result, the encoding or decoding operation may be re-performed. The adaptive channel module is used to monitor the channel state in real time, provide channel support for the information transmission of the information encoding and decoding module, and dynamically adjust the parameters according to the channel state. At the same time, it cooperates with the anti-tampering verification module to adjust the channel security policy according to the anti-tampering situation. The tamper-proof verification module is used to calculate and verify the hash value of the quantum state during the information transmission process, interact with the information encoding and decoding module to ensure the integrity and security of the information, and adjust the channel security policy according to the verification result in collaboration with the adaptive channel module, and feed back the relevant information to the system optimization module. The system optimization module is used to collect performance data and information from the other four modules after the dialogue is over, perform system performance analysis, and then provide optimization suggestions and parameter adjustment directions to other modules to achieve continuous improvement and optimization of the system.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The adaptive channel module of the present invention can dynamically adjust the quantum error correction code strength and transmission frequency according to the real-time channel status. When the channel quality is good, the transmission frequency is increased to speed up information exchange; when the channel deteriorates, the error correction capability is enhanced, error retransmission is reduced, resource waste is avoided, and efficient information transmission is ensured. The tamper-proof verification module detects tampering behavior in time through hash value calculation and exchange, and the multi-party collaboration mechanism ensures information integrity. Once an abnormality is found, the suspicious party can be traced and the security policy can be adjusted to effectively resist external attacks and ensure information security. It is suitable for scenarios with high security requirements to ensure that sensitive information is not leaked or tampered with.

[0014] 2. The quantum state preparation module of the present invention allocates quantum states according to the capabilities of the communication parties, combined with classical auxiliary information, so that all parties can participate effectively. During the dialogue, the adaptive channel module and the anti-tampering verification module can cope with changes in device performance and channel fluctuations. Whether it is a complex communication environment or a combination of communication parties with different capabilities, it can ensure stable communication. After the dialogue, the system optimization module analyzes indicators such as the average fidelity of the quantum channel, the accuracy of information transmission, and the effectiveness of the anti-tampering mechanism, and provides optimization directions for quantum state preparation, channel parameter setting, and adaptive adjustment strategies. Through continuous optimization, the system can adapt to different communication needs and environmental changes and improve overall performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] .In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method, including: Step S1, quantum state allocation: allocate initial quantum states to multiple communication parties. The initial quantum states are prepared in different ways according to the capabilities of the communication parties, and classical auxiliary information vectors are given at the same time. Step S2, channel assessment: measuring channel noise and channel fidelity, and setting quantum error correction code strength; Step S3, dialogue initiation: the communication party encodes and sends the information, and re-encodes and adjusts when the channel monitoring is abnormal; Step S4, information exchange: The receiving party measures and extracts information, and gives feedback if the error rate exceeds a threshold. The sending party re-encodes and corrects errors based on the feedback and sends again. If the channel state changes significantly, the channel parameters are updated. Step S5, multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention: The communicating parties calculate and receive the quantum state hash value and exchange and compare them. If they are inconsistent, the suspicious party is determined. The suspicious party resends and provides records, and the parties adjust the channel security strategy according to the records. Step S6, dialogue summary and confirmation: the parties confirm the dialogue content through classic communication summary, and if there is any inconsistency, they backtrack to find the error and correct it; Step S7, system performance analysis and optimization: calculate the average fidelity, accuracy and anti-tampering effectiveness, and optimize the system accordingly.

[0019] Step S1, quantum state allocation specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Assign a set of initial quantum states to each communication party. Suppose the number of communication parties is , No. The initial quantum state of each communication party is , The preparation method depends on the capabilities of the communicating parties; Step S12: Assign a classic auxiliary information vector to each communication party ,in, is the dimension of classic auxiliary information.

[0020] Step S2: Channel assessment specifically includes the following steps: Step S21: Perform an initial evaluation of the quantum channel between the parties, measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set initial channel parameters for each communication link; Step S22: define the relationship between quantum error correction code strength, channel noise and channel fidelity as: ; In the formula, Indicates rounding up. For communication To the communication party The channel noise, For communication To the communication party The channel fidelity is For communication To the communication party The strength of quantum error correction code; The relationship between quantum state transmission frequency, channel noise and channel fidelity is: ; In the formula, For communication To the communication party The frequency of quantum state transmission.

[0021] Step S3, initiating a conversation specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: Communication party 1 initiates a conversation, and the initiator sends information related to the conversation topic to Encoded into the quantum state, the encoding expression is , is the encoding function, is the initial quantum state of communication party 1, The quantum state after encoding for communication party 1; Step S32: Communicator 1 transmits It is sent to each communication party. During the sending process, the adaptive channel module monitors the channel status in real time; When it is found that the channel parameters deviate from the initial set values, the quantum state encoding method or error correction strategy is adjusted according to the current channel state: Detected from communication party 1 to communication party The current channel noise is and the current channel fidelity is ,when When the encoded quantum state is adjusted to ,in, is the adjusted encoding function, is the quantum state adjusted by communication party 1.

[0022] Step S4, information interaction specifically includes the following steps: Step S41: Assume that the sender is communication party 1 and the receiver is communication party ,in, , upon receiving the quantum state or adjusted After that, perform preliminary quantum measurement and information extraction: The measurement expression is , is the measurement function, and the measurement result is , when the quantum state is disturbed beyond the threshold, the communication party Error information will be fed back to the sender; Step S42: After receiving the feedback, the sender cooperates with the adaptive channel module to readjust the sending strategy. Feedback error, communication party 1 according to the current channel status and communication party Feedback adjusts the current quantum error correction code strength: ; In the formula, To provide additional error correction strength based on the error situation, From communication party 1 to communication party The current quantum error correction code strength of Recode the quantum state as , and send it to the communication party again ; In the formula, is the recoding function, The re-encoded quantum state of communication party 1; Step S43: During the multi-party dialogue, the parties continuously exchange information, and the adaptive channel module continuously monitors the channel status of the entire network and the operation status of each party: set up and is the channel noise matrix and channel fidelity matrix monitored at the current moment, The current moment from the communication party To the communication party The channel noise, The current moment from the communication party To the communication party The channel fidelity is defined as the channel state change ,in, is the norm of the matrix, and are the original channel noise matrix and the original channel fidelity matrix respectively; when When is a pre-set threshold; For all communication links, update the quantum error correction code strength: ; In the formula, For communication To the communication party Updated quantum error correction code strength; Adjust the frequency of quantum state transmission: ; In the formula, For communication To the communication party Adjusted quantum state transmission frequency.

[0023] Step S5, multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention specifically includes the following steps: Step S51: During the conversation, a multi-party collaborative anti-tampering mechanism is established. When receiving and processing quantum state information, the communicating party performs its own error correction and information extraction, and interacts and verifies information with other communicating parties; Step S52: Set the communication party The received quantum state is , the communicating party calculate Hash value ,in, As a hash function, through classical communication Send to each communication party; Corresponding party receive Then, calculate the quantum state you received Hash value , and compare and ,when When the parties are involved in the error correction and tracing mechanism, Step S53: define a set of communication parties whose hash values ​​are inconsistent with other communication parties: ; In the formula, For collection The elements in For communication party The calculated hash value, For communication parties The hash value calculated by a communication party other than Indicates that there is a communication party ; For inconsistent communication parties , each communication party sends a verification request to the inconsistent communication party, and the communication party Resend relevant quantum state information and provide detailed operation records and channel state information; Each party recalculates the hash value and verifies it. If the hash value is still inconsistent, the channel security policy is adjusted to change the post-quantum encryption strength to: ; In the formula, is the original quantum encryption strength, To increase the encryption strength according to tampering; The changed communication path selection function is: ; In the formula, is the set of all communication paths, and For path Channel noise and channel fidelity on ; Step S7: The method for calculating the average fidelity, accuracy and anti-tampering effectiveness in the system performance analysis and optimization is specifically as follows: Average fidelity of quantum channel: ; In the formula, is the number of communicating parties, For communication To the communication party Channel fidelity; Accuracy of information transmission: ; In the formula, For communication party Information error rate; Effectiveness of anti-tampering mechanisms: ; In the formula, For communication party and between tampering.

[0024] Embodiment 2: See also Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system based on adaptation, and the dialogue system includes a quantum state preparation module, an information encoding and decoding module, an adaptive channel module, an anti-tampering verification module and a system optimization module. The output end of the quantum state preparation module is unidirectionally connected to the input end of the information encoding and decoding module, the information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the adaptive channel module, the information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module, the adaptive channel module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module, the anti-tampering verification module is bidirectionally connected to the system optimization module, and the system optimization module is bidirectionally connected to the quantum state preparation module, the information encoding and decoding module and the adaptive channel module.

[0025] The quantum state preparation module is used to provide the initial quantum state to the information encoding and decoding module. It is the basis of the entire system and provides quantum state resources for subsequent information processing. The information encoding and decoding module is used to receive the quantum state generated by the quantum state preparation module, and after information encoding, transmit the encoded quantum state through the adaptive channel module. At the same time, it receives the quantum state from the adaptive channel module for decoding and interacts with the anti-tampering verification module. According to the anti-tampering verification result, the encoding or decoding operation may be re-performed. The adaptive channel module is used to monitor the channel state in real time, provide channel support for information transmission of the information encoding and decoding module, and dynamically transmit the information according to the channel state. The tamper-proof verification module is used to calculate and verify the hash value of the quantum state during information transmission, and interact with the information encoding and decoding module to ensure the integrity and security of the information. The adaptive channel module adjusts the channel security strategy based on the verification result, and feeds back the relevant information to the system optimization module. The system optimization module is used to collect performance data and information from the other four modules after the conversation is over, conduct system performance analysis, and then provide optimization suggestions and parameter adjustment directions to other modules to achieve continuous improvement and optimization of the system.

[0026] Embodiment 3: A specific application of the method of the present invention is: Step S1, quantum state allocation: Step S11: Assign a set of initial quantum states to each communication party. Suppose the number of communication parties is , No. The initial quantum state of each communication party is , and its preparation method depends on the ability of the communication party. For the communication party with stronger quantum operation ability, its quantum state may contain more entangled components, such as (in and To meet the normalization condition complex number); for the less capable communication party, it may be a single quantum bit state ; Step S12: At the same time, a classic auxiliary information vector is assigned to each communication party , used to assist in the processing of quantum states and information interaction, where It is the dimension of classic auxiliary information, and its elements can represent the identity of the communication party, the encoding related to the initial conversation topic, etc., for example Can represent the communication party The character number in the conversation (range 1 to ); Step S2: Channel assessment: Step S21: Initially evaluate the quantum channel between the parties and measure the channel noise (Indicates that from the communication side To the communication party channel noise) and channel fidelity (a measure of the channel's ability to maintain the integrity of the quantum state) and other key parameters, based on which the initial channel parameters are set for each communication link; Step S22: Define quantum error correction code strength The relationship with channel noise and channel fidelity is: (in This formula means that when the channel noise is larger and the channel fidelity is lower, a stronger quantum error correction code is needed to ensure the accurate transmission of information. The relationship with channel noise and fidelity is: , i.e. the worse the channel quality, the lower the transmission frequency to reduce error accumulation; Step S3: Dialogue initiation: Step S31: One of the communication parties (set as communication party 1) initiates a conversation, and the initiator sends information related to the conversation topic to Encoded into the quantum state, the encoding expression is The specific encoding method can be carried out according to pre-set rules, such as is converted into a binary sequence and then operated on by a series of quantum gates Get ; Step S32: Communicator 1 transmits During the transmission process, the adaptive channel module monitors the channel status in real time. If it is found that the channel parameters deviate from the initial setting value, the quantum state encoding method or error correction strategy is immediately adjusted according to the current channel state. The current channel noise monitored is set to and the current channel fidelity is ,like (i.e., the channel quality deteriorates), then the quantum state is re-encoded as ,in is the coding function adjusted according to the new channel state, which can be adjusted by increasing the redundant information in the code, such as adding additional error-correcting qubits in the quantum state; Step S4: Information interaction: Step S41: The receiving party (set as the communication party , ) Upon receiving the quantum state (or adjusted ), firstly perform preliminary quantum measurement and information extraction, the measurement expression is , and get the measurement results , if the quantum state is found to be significantly disturbed during this process (defined as the error rate ,when , is a preset error threshold), the communication party Error information will be fed back to the sender; Step S42: After receiving the feedback, the sender cooperates with the adaptive channel module to readjust the sending strategy. Feedback error, the communication party calculates the new quantum error correction code strength based on the current channel state and the communication party's feedback ( is the additional error correction strength according to the error situation), and re-encodes the quantum state as ( is a new encoding function) and then sent to the communication party again ; Step S43: During the multi-party dialogue, the parties continuously exchange information, and the adaptive channel module continuously monitors the channel status of the entire network and the operation status of each party. and Define the channel state change as the channel noise matrix and channel fidelity matrix monitored at the current moment (in represents some norm of the matrix, such as the Frobenius norm), when ( is a pre-set threshold), the system adjusts the quantum channel parameters and information transmission strategy, for example, for all communication links, updates the quantum error correction code strength , and adjust the quantum state transmission frequency ; Step S5: Multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention: Step S51: During the conversation, a multi-party collaborative anti-tampering mechanism is established. When each communication party receives and processes quantum state information, it must not only perform its own error correction and information extraction, but also interact and verify information with other communication parties. Step S52: Set the communication party The quantum state received at a certain moment is , the communicating party calculate Hash value ( is a predefined hash function, such as calculating a hash value based on some entanglement property of the quantum state), and then transmitting it through classical communication Sent to other communication parties, other communication parties (set as communication parties )receive After that, calculate the quantum state you received (set as ) , and compare and ,if , all parties will jointly initiate the error correction and traceability mechanism; Step S53: Define a set of suspicious communication parties (i.e., the set of communication parties whose hash values ​​are inconsistent with those of other communication parties), for suspicious communication parties , other communication parties jointly send verification requests to it, and the communication party Resend the relevant quantum state information and provide detailed operation records and channel state information. Then all parties recalculate the hash value and verify it based on this information. If inconsistencies are still found, adjust the channel security strategy, such as increasing the quantum encryption strength, changing the communication path (if there is an alternative path), etc., and set a new quantum encryption strength. ( is the encryption strength increased according to the tampering situation), the new communication path selection function is (in is the set of all possible communication paths, and For path channel noise and channel fidelity on ); Step S6, dialogue summary and confirmation: When the dialogue is completed, the communicating parties summarize and confirm the entire dialogue content. Through the classic communication method, the parties exchange key information of the dialogue to ensure a consistent understanding of the dialogue content; If any information inconsistency is found during the summary process, the parties will re-trace the quantum state transmission and processing steps during the dialogue process, find the possible errors, and correct them; Step S7, system performance analysis and optimization: Analyze the system performance during this conversation, including the average fidelity of the quantum channel , the accuracy of information transmission (Assuming that communication party 1 is the initiator) Effectiveness of the anti-tampering mechanism (in Represents the communicating party and No tampering occurred or tampering was successfully corrected, Indicators such as tampering that was not successfully corrected, Based on the analysis results, the system's quantum state preparation, channel parameter setting, adaptive adjustment strategy, etc. are optimized. For example, if the average fidelity is low, the quantum state preparation method can be improved to improve its anti-interference ability; if the information transmission accuracy is not high, the selection of quantum error correction codes and the adaptive adjustment algorithm can be further optimized; if the anti-tampering mechanism is not effective enough, the hash function can be improved or more verification links can be added to provide more efficient and secure protection for the next multi-party semi-quantum dialogue.

[0027] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method based on adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue, characterized in that: The dialogue method comprises the following steps: Step S1, quantum state allocation: allocate initial quantum states to multiple communication parties. The initial quantum states are prepared in different ways according to the capabilities of the communication parties, and classical auxiliary information vectors are given at the same time. Step S2, channel assessment: measuring channel noise and channel fidelity, and setting quantum error correction code strength; Step S3, dialogue initiation: the communication party encodes and sends the information, and re-encodes and adjusts when the channel monitoring is abnormal; Step S4, information exchange: The receiving party measures and extracts information, and gives feedback if the error rate exceeds a threshold. The sending party re-encodes and corrects errors based on the feedback and sends again. If the channel state changes significantly, the channel parameters are updated. Step S5, multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention: The communicating parties calculate and receive the quantum state hash value and exchange and compare them. If they are inconsistent, the suspicious party is determined. The suspicious party resends and provides records, and the parties adjust the channel security strategy according to the records. Step S6, dialogue summary and confirmation: the parties confirm the dialogue content through classic communication summary, and if there is any inconsistency, they backtrack to find the error and correct it; Step S7, system performance analysis and optimization: calculate the average fidelity, accuracy and anti-tampering effectiveness, and optimize the system accordingly.

2. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S1, quantum state allocation specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Assign a set of initial quantum states to each communication party. Suppose the number of communication parties is , No. The initial quantum state of each communicating party is , The preparation method depends on the capabilities of the communicating parties; Step S12: Assign a classic auxiliary information vector to each communication party ,in, is the dimension of classic auxiliary information.

3. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The step S2, channel assessment, specifically comprises the following steps: Step S21: Perform an initial evaluation of the quantum channel between the parties, measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set initial channel parameters for each communication link; Step S22: define the relationship between quantum error correction code strength, channel noise and channel fidelity as: ； In the formula, Indicates rounding up. For communication To the communication party The channel noise, For communication To the communication party The channel fidelity is For communication To the communication party The strength of quantum error correction code; The relationship between quantum state transmission frequency, channel noise and channel fidelity is: ； In the formula, For communication To the communication party The frequency of quantum state transmission.

4. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S3, initiating a dialogue, specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: Communication party 1 initiates a conversation, and the initiator sends information related to the conversation topic to Encoded into the quantum state, the encoding expression is , is the encoding function, is the initial quantum state of communication party 1, The quantum state after encoding for communication party 1; Step S32: Communicator 1 transmits It is sent to each communication party. During the sending process, the adaptive channel module monitors the channel status in real time; When it is found that the channel parameters deviate from the initial set values, the quantum state encoding method or error correction strategy is adjusted according to the current channel state: Detected from communication party 1 to communication party The current channel noise is and the current channel fidelity is ,when When the encoded quantum state is adjusted to ,in, is the adjusted encoding function, is the quantum state adjusted by communication party 1.

5. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The step S4, information interaction specifically includes the following steps: Step S41: Assume that the sender is communication party 1 and the receiver is communication party ,in, , upon receiving the quantum state or adjusted After that, perform preliminary quantum measurement and information extraction: The measurement expression is , is the measurement function, and the measurement result is , when the quantum state is disturbed beyond the threshold, the communication party Error information will be fed back to the sender; Step S42: After receiving the feedback, the sender cooperates with the adaptive channel module to readjust the sending strategy. Feedback error, communication party 1 according to the current channel status and communication party Feedback adjusts the current quantum error correction code strength: ； In the formula, To provide additional error correction strength based on the error situation, From communication party 1 to communication party The current quantum error correction code strength of Recode the quantum state as , and send it to the communication party again ; In the formula, is the recoding function, The re-encoded quantum state of communication party 1; Step S43: During the multi-party dialogue, the parties continuously exchange information, and the adaptive channel module continuously monitors the channel status of the entire network and the operation status of each party: set up and is the channel noise matrix and channel fidelity matrix monitored at the current moment, The current moment from the communication party To the communication party The channel noise, The current moment from the communication party To the communication party The channel fidelity is defined as the channel state change ,in, is the norm of the matrix, and are the original channel noise matrix and the original channel fidelity matrix respectively; when When is a pre-set threshold; For all communication links, update the quantum error correction code strength: ； In the formula, For communication To the communication party Updated quantum error correction code strength; Adjust the frequency of quantum state transmission: ； In the formula, For communication To the communication party Adjusted quantum state transmission frequency.

6. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The step S5, multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention, specifically includes the following steps: Step S51: During the conversation, a multi-party collaborative anti-tampering mechanism is established. When receiving and processing quantum state information, the communicating party performs its own error correction and information extraction, and interacts and verifies information with other communicating parties; Step S52: Set the communication party The received quantum state is , communication party calculate Hash value ,in, As a hash function, through classical communication Send to each communication party; Corresponding party receive Then, calculate the quantum state you received Hash value , and compare and ,when When the parties are involved in the error correction and tracing mechanism, Step S53: define a set of communication parties whose hash values ​​are inconsistent with other communication parties: ； In the formula, For collection The elements in For communication party The calculated hash value, For communication parties The hash value calculated by a communication party other than Indicates that there is a communication party ; For inconsistent communication parties , each communication party sends a verification request to the inconsistent communication party, and the communication party Resend relevant quantum state information and provide detailed operation records and channel state information; Each party recalculates the hash value and verifies it. If the hash value is still inconsistent, the channel security policy is adjusted to change the post-quantum encryption strength to: ； In the formula, is the original quantum encryption strength, To increase the encryption strength according to tampering; The changed communication path selection function is: ； In the formula, is the set of all communication paths, and For path Channel noise and channel fidelity on .

7. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for calculating the average fidelity, accuracy and anti-tampering effectiveness in the step S7, system performance analysis and optimization, is specifically: Average fidelity of quantum channel: ； In the formula, is the number of communicating parties, For communication To the communication party Channel fidelity; Accuracy of information transmission: ； In the formula, For communication party Information error rate; Effectiveness of anti-tampering mechanisms: ； In the formula, For communication party and between tampering.

8. An adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system, used to implement the dialogue method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The dialogue system includes a quantum state preparation module, an information encoding and decoding module, an adaptive channel module, an anti-tampering verification module and a system optimization module, wherein the output end of the quantum state preparation module is unidirectionally connected to the input end of the information encoding and decoding module, the information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the adaptive channel module, the information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module, the adaptive channel module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module, the anti-tampering verification module is bidirectionally connected to the system optimization module, and the system optimization module is bidirectionally connected to the quantum state preparation module, the information encoding and decoding module and the adaptive channel module; The quantum state preparation module is used to provide an initial quantum state to the information encoding and decoding module. The information encoding and decoding module is used to receive the quantum state generated by the quantum state preparation module, and after information encoding, transmit the encoded quantum state through the adaptive channel module. At the same time, the quantum state received from the adaptive channel module is decoded, and interacts with the anti-tampering verification module, and re-encoding or decoding operations according to the anti-tampering verification result. The adaptive channel module is used to monitor the channel state in real time, provide channel support for information transmission of the information encoding and decoding module, and dynamically adjust parameters according to the channel state. At the same time, it cooperates with the anti-tampering verification module to adjust the channel security strategy according to the anti-tampering situation. The anti-tampering verification module is used to calculate and verify the hash value of the quantum state during the information transmission process, and adjust the channel security strategy in collaboration with the adaptive channel module according to the verification result, and feed back the relevant information to the system optimization module. The system optimization module is used to collect performance data and information from the other four modules after the dialogue ends, perform system performance analysis, and then provide optimization suggestions and parameter adjustment directions to other modules.

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