Configuration for radio sensing

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses, and systems for supporting configuration for radio sensing. For example, the implementations provide a configuration of sensing-related nodes with knowledge of a context related to a particular radio sensing scene to assist in sensing receiver processing. Further, knowledge of features of the background environment may be used as auxiliary information for extracting sensing information for the target object, such as information based on signal interaction between the background environment and the target object.

Description

[0001] Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 402,306, filed on August 30, 2022, entitled “CONFIGURATION FOR RADIO SENSING,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications and, more particularly, to radio sensing. Background Art

[0004] A wireless communication system may include one or more network communication devices, such as a base station, which may be otherwise referred to as an eNodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terms. Each network communication device, such as a base station, may support wireless communication for one or more user communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE) or other suitable terms. A wireless communication system may support wireless communication with one or more user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, time slots, subframes, frames, etc.) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers). Additionally, a wireless communication system may support wireless communication across various radio access technologies, including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, and other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)).

[0005] Some wireless system designs specify the use of radio sensing for detecting environmental properties. For example, radio sensing uses radio signals and / or devices to attempt to detect properties of the surrounding environment. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatus, and systems that support configurations for radio sensing. For example, implementations provide configurations of sensing-related nodes with knowledge of a background environment associated with a particular radio sensing scenario to assist in sensing receiver processing. For example, knowledge of characteristics of the background environment assists in mitigating the effects of clutter reflections on detection of a target object. In addition, knowledge of characteristics of the background environment can be used as auxiliary information for extracting sensing information for a target object, such as based on information related to signal interactions (e.g., signal reflections, signal blockages, etc.) between the background environment and the target object.

[0007] Thus, the described techniques provide higher accuracy for radio sensing of target objects in different environments and may reduce power consumption by providing radio sensing and background environment information for use in processing radio sensing data.

[0008] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may also include: receiving a first indication including a reference signal configuration, a second indication including acquisition information for background environment attributes, and a third indication including a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements; and performing one or more of the following based on the received first indication, the second indication, and the third indication: receiving one or more reference signals; obtaining background environment attributes based at least in part on the one or more reference signals and the second indication; or generating one or more radio sensing measurements based at least in part on one or more of the reference signal configuration from the first indication, the obtained background environment attributes, the second indication, or the measurement configuration from the third indication.

[0009] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may also include: wherein the measurement configuration includes information for generating one or more radio sensing measurements based at least in part on background environment attributes; receiving one or more reference signals based on the first indication from at least one of the following: a device that sends one or more of the first indication, the second indication, or the third indication; or a device different from the device that sends one or more of the first indication, the second indication, or the third indication; wherein the reference signal configuration includes at least one of the following: according to a waveform type of a waveform or one or more of a waveform definition parameter set, the one or more reference signals are sent via the waveform; a resource set, the one or more reference signals are sent on the resource set according to the waveform; one or more of a transmit beam or a radiation pattern, the one or more reference signals are sent through the transmit beam or the radiation pattern; a transmit power, the one or more reference signals are sent according to the transmit power; one or more of a sequence type or a physical resource mapping type, the one or more reference signals are generated based on the sequence type or the physical resource mapping type; or a location of a transmitting node, the one or more reference signals are sent from the transmitting node.

[0010] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may further include: a resource set on which one or more reference signals are transmitted includes one or more time-frequency resources for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform; wherein the acquisition information for background environment attributes includes at least one of the following: a resource set, the resource set including at least one of a time resource set, a frequency resource set, or a beam resource set for receiving background environment attributes; or one or more types of background environment attributes embedded in the resource set, wherein the one or more types of background environment attributes include at least one of one or more data types or one or more format types; wherein the one or more types of background environment attributes include at least one of the following: one or more of an object identifier or a group object identifier; one or more object features, including at least one of an object location, an object speed, an object radar cross-section pattern, an object shape, an object type, an object orientation, an object composition, or an object texture; a map of the background environment; one or more channel state information (CSI) measurements, including at least a portion of the background environment effect and an indication of the CSI measurement type; one or more of compressed values ​​or quantized values ​​for the background environment attributes; or one or more statistical measurements of the background environment attributes.

[0011] Some implementations of the methods and devices described herein may also include: wherein the acquired information for background environment attributes includes at least one of the following: one or more second configurations, which define one or more reference signals received from a second device according to a reference signal configuration of a first indication in addition to the received one or more reference signals; one or more third configurations, which define one or more reference signals received from a third device; or a subset of time-frequency resources defined within the reference signal configuration received together with the first indication; wherein the one or more second configurations and the one or more third configurations include one or more of a time resource set, a frequency resource set, a beam resource set, a transmit beam, a radiation pattern, a waveform, a transmit position, or a transmit power; wherein the acquired information for background environment attributes includes status information, which includes at least one of the following: an indication of one or more states of one or more objects within the background environment; or an indication of one or more states of one or more target objects.

[0012] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may also include: wherein the acquired information for background environment attributes includes one or more of the following: an indication of one or more reference signal reception, for which the status information is valid; or a time pattern, for which the status information is valid; receiving the status information after the one or more reference signals; receiving a fourth indication, the fourth indication including: instructions for performing one or more of quantization or compression on at least one of the following to generate one or more of quantized values ​​or compressed values: one or more reference signals or one or more radio sensing measurements; and instructions for storing one or more of the following: a quantized value, a compressed value, or one or more radio sensing measurements, and the time pattern for which the status information is valid; and also including receiving the status information before the one or more reference signals.

[0013] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may also include: a first indication including a reference signal configuration including an excitation relationship for radio sensing relative to a known reference signal configuration; wherein the excitation relationship for radio sensing is based on at least one of: illumination of an area of ​​interest; an azimuth angle of an incident wave toward one or more of the areas of interest or objects of interest for sensing; an elevation angle of an incident wave toward one or more of the areas of interest or objects of interest for sensing; a portion of one or more of the radiation or beam energy excited to one or more of the areas of interest or objects of interest for sensing; a portion of one or more of the radiation or beam energy excited to a background environment for a sensing scene; a portion of one or more of the areas of interest or objects of interest for sensing illuminated by one or more reference signals; or a portion of the background environment of interest for sensing illuminated by one or more reference signals.

[0014] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may further include: a third indication including a measurement configuration for a radio sensing measurement including at least one of: an indication of one or more spatial filters to be used for reception of one or more reference signals; one or more sensing information results to be generated from the radio sensing measurement and background environment attributes; one or more of a sensing service quality or a key performance indicator to be considered for information output of the one or more radio sensing measurements; one or more conditions according to which the first radio sensing measurement is to be performed when the second radio sensing measurement result occurs; or one or more conditions regarding the quality of the information output of the first radio sensing measurement when the second radio sensing measurement result occurs. wherein at least some types of the information output include at least one of: one or more of the received one or more reference signals that are quantized or compressed; one or more channel state information (CSI) measurements obtained from the received one or more reference signals; one or more of deterministic or statistical inferences about the presence of an object of interest; one or more of deterministic or statistical knowledge about the location of the object of interest; one or more of deterministic or statistical knowledge about the velocity of the object of interest; one or more of deterministic or statistical knowledge about the radar cross section (RCS) of the object of interest; or one or more of deterministic or statistical knowledge about at least one of the type, shape, composition, or posture of the object of interest.

[0015] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may also include: wherein the measurement configuration for the radio sensing measurement is based at least in part on: an indication of a first CSI measurement for a first reference signal relative to one or more of: a second CSI measurement for a second reference signal; or one or more indicated CSI measurement values; wherein the indication of the first CSI measurement relative to the second CSI measurement includes one or more of: a first CSI measurement type; an operation type; or an operation phase; wherein the CSI measurement type includes a measurement relative to at least one of: a delay domain; an angle-azimuth domain; one or more of an angle-elevation or zenith domain; a Doppler domain; a power domain; a rank measurement; a quantized value of the CSI measurement; a compressed value of the CSI measurement; or a summation of the CSI measurements; wherein the operation phase includes at least one of: a signal reception phase; a CSI measurement type similar to the first CSI measurement type; or a second CSI measurement type different from the first CSI measurement type; wherein the operation type includes at least one of: a subtraction of CSI measurement values; filtering of the first CSI measurement based on the presence of a non-zero value of the second CSI measurement out); division of the first CSI measurement and the second CSI measurement; summation of the first CSI measurement and the second CSI measurement; one or more of stacking or aggregation of the first CSI measurement and the second CSI measurement; or one or more of joint quantization or joint compression of the first CSI measurement and the second CSI measurement.

[0016] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may also include: receiving a fourth indication including a configuration for sending a sensing measurement report based at least in part on one or more radio sensing measurements; and sending the sensing measurement report based at least in part on the fourth indication; wherein the fourth indication includes at least one of: a set of time resources, frequency resources, and beam resources for transmission of the sensing measurement report; criteria for transmission of the sensing measurement report; or a type of information to be included in the sensing measurement report; wherein the third indication including a measurement configuration for the radio sensing measurement includes one or more sensing information results to be generated from the radio sensing measurement and background environment attributes, and wherein the one or more sensing information results include modifications to features of one or more of the object of interest or background environment elements.

[0017] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may also include: receiving one or more indications, the one or more indications including one or more of the following: a first indication, the first indication including a reference signal configuration; a second indication, the second indication including acquisition information for background environment attributes; a third indication, the third indication including a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements; a fourth indication, the fourth indication including a configuration for receiving a sensing measurement report; a fifth indication, the fifth indication including a configuration for processing the obtained sensing measurements; or a sixth indication, the sixth indication including a configuration for generating and sending a report; and performing one or more of the following based on the one or more received indications: receiving one or more radio sensing measurements; obtaining background environment attributes based at least in part on the received sensing measurements or one or more of the received second indications; performing processing on the received radio sensing measurements based at least in part on the received sensing measurements, the received fifth indication, or one or more of the obtained background attributes; or generating and sending a report, wherein the report is generated at least in part based on the processing performed on the received sensing measurements and is sent at least in part based on the received sixth indication.

[0018] Some implementations of the methods and devices described herein may also include: sending a first indication including a reference signal configuration from a first device to a second device; sending a second indication including acquisition information for background environment attributes to the second device; and sending a third indication including a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurement to the second device; receiving a measurement report from the second device, the measurement report including radio sensing measurements configured at least in part based on one or more of the reference signal configuration, the acquisition information for background environment attributes, or the measurement configuration for radio sensing measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting configuration for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0020] Figure 2 An example scenario for radio sensing is illustrated.

[0021] Figure 3 An example scenario for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated, the example scenario supporting configuration for radio sensing.

[0022] Figure 4 An example scenario for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated, the example scenario supporting configuration for radio sensing.

[0023] Figure 5A system for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated, the system supporting configurations for radio sensing.

[0024] Figure 6 A system for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated, the system supporting configurations for radio sensing.

[0025] Figure 7 and Figure 8 An example block diagram of a device supporting configuration for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0026] Figures 9 to 12 A flow chart of a method supporting configuration for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In some wireless communication system designs, radio sensing in wireless cellular wireless networks is envisioned as a mechanism to improve network performance as well as to serve vertical use cases. For example, radio sensing uses radio signals and / or devices to attempt to detect properties of the surrounding environment. As part of radio sensing, propagated and / or reflected radio signals will be received and processed to determine environmental properties, such as objects present in the environment. However, some current designs for radio sensing do not provide for utilizing radio sensing intelligence for processing radio sensing data, and therefore may encounter inaccuracies and / or processing delays when attempting to interpret the radio sensing data.

[0028] Thus, the present disclosure relates to methods, apparatus, and systems that support configurations for radio sensing. For example, implementations provide configurations of sensing-related nodes with knowledge of a background environment associated with a particular radio sensing scenario to assist in sensing receiver processing. For example, knowledge of characteristics of the background environment assists in mitigating the effects of clutter reflections on detection of a target object. For example, a target object represents a specific object and / or group of objects (e.g., a person, a vehicle, etc.) and / or an area of ​​interest designated for sensing. In addition, knowledge of characteristics of the background environment can be used as auxiliary information for extracting sensing information for the target object, such as based on information related to signal interactions (e.g., signal reflections, signal blockages, etc.) between the background environment and the target object.

[0029] Throughout this disclosure, a number of different devices and / or entities are discussed, including a device that sends a sensing excitation signal (e.g., a sensing reference signal), which may be referred to herein as a sensing Tx node. In addition, a device that receives a sent sensing excitation signal (e.g., a reference signal affected by a background environment (e.g., a sensing reference signal is reflected, echoed, blocked, refracted, diffracted, etc. by the environment) is discussed, which may be referred to herein as a sensing Rx node.

[0030] Therefore, the present disclosure addresses issues related to how knowledge of the contextual environment for a particular sensing scenario can be obtained by a sensing Rx node, how such information can be used to generate relevant sensing information, and how the sensed information obtained with the assistance of the contextual information can be reported by the sensing Rx node.

[0031] For example, the described implementation provides:

[0032] Explicit transmission of context information from the network and / or aware entities to the sensing Rx nodes;

[0033] a configuration of a sensing Rx node with multiple sensing reference signal receptions, including information elements defining a relationship of different sensing reference signal receptions, wherein contextual knowledge can be extracted from observations of the multiple sensing reference signal receptions;

[0034] Configuration for sensing Rx nodes to report observed modifications to the background environment, including blocking events related to background environment reflections;

[0035] Stimulus relationships for sensing, such as relatively defining reference signal transmission characteristics for a sensing scenario relative to known and / or previously experienced beams; and

[0036] • Relative CSI measurements, including an indication of the type of operation, the phase of operation, and an indication of the permissibility conditions.

[0037] Thus, implementations described in this disclosure provide a number of improvements and advantages, including improved radio sensing accuracy for sensing target objects and reduced power usage by radio sensing nodes.

[0038] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communication system. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to device diagrams and flow diagrams.

[0039] Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting a configuration for radio sensing according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 102, one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communication system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technologies, including the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The wireless communication system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. In addition, the wireless communication system 100 may support technologies such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA).

[0040] One or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form a wireless communication system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a RAN, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terms. The network entity 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, send signaling) via a Uu interface.

[0041] The network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 may support wireless communications of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or more radio access technologies. In some implementations, the network entity 102 may be mobile, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0042] One or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout the geographical area of ​​the wireless communication system 100. UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable term. In some implementations, UE 104 may be referred to as other examples such as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client. Additionally or alternatively, UE 104 may be referred to as other examples such as an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device. In some implementations, UE 104 may be fixed in the wireless communication system 100. In some other implementations, UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communication system 100.

[0043] One or more UEs 104 may be devices of different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some examples of UE 104 are illustrated in FIG. UE 104 may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as network entity 102, other UE 104, or network equipment (e.g., core network 106, packet data network 108, relay device, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network device), such as Figure 1 Additionally or alternatively, UE 104 can support communication with other network entities 102 or UE 104, which can act as a relay in the wireless communication system 100.

[0044] The UE 104 may also be capable of supporting wireless communications directly with other UEs 104 via a communication link 114. For example, the UE 104 may support wireless communications directly with another UE 104 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, V2X deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a side link. For example, the UE 104 may support wireless communications directly with another UE 104 via a PC5 interface.

[0045] The network entity 102 may support communication with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, the network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 via one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via S1, N2, N2 or another network interface). The network entities 102 may communicate with each other via the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via X2, Xn or another network interface). In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate directly with each other (e.g., between the network entities 102). In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106). In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). The ANC may communicate with one or more UEs 104 via one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs).

[0046] In some implementations, the network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 102 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near real-time (RT) RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.

[0047] The RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmission reception point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 102 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 102 may be located in a distributed location (e.g., a separate physical location). In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as a virtual unit (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU), a virtual DU (VDU), a virtual RU (VRU)).

[0048] The functional split between CU, DU and RU can be flexible, and different functionalities can be supported depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at the CU, DU or RU. For example, a functional split of the protocol stack can be adopted between the CU and the DU, so that the CU can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the DU can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU can host upper protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The CU can be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and one or more DUs or RUs can host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and the one or more DUs or RUs can each be at least partially controlled by the CU.

[0049] Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU and the RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs). In some implementations, the functional split between the CU and the DU or between the DU and the RU may be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions for the protocol layer may be performed by one of the CU, DU, or RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, DU, or RU).

[0050] The CU may be further functionally split into a CU control plane (CU-CP) function and a CU user plane (CU-UP) function. The CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a medium-range communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and the DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., an open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some implementations, the medium-range communication link or the fronthaul communication link may be implemented based on an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by various network entities 102 that communicate via such a communication link.

[0051] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include control plane entities that manage access and mobility (e.g., mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management function (AMF)), and user plane entities that route packets or interconnect with external networks (e.g., serving gateway (S-GW), packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearer, signal bearer, etc.) of one or more UEs 104 served by one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.

[0052] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 via one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via S1, N2, N2, or another network interface). The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. The UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, etc.) with the core network 106 via the network entity 102. The core network 106 may use the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) to route traffic (e.g., control information, data, etc.) between the UE 104 and the application server 118. The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106).

[0053] In the wireless communication system 100, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 may use the resources of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, time slots, subframes, frames, etc.) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communication). In some implementations, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and other suitable radio access technologies, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 may support various frame structures (e.g., multiple frame structures). The network entity 102 and the UE 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more parameter sets (numerology).

[0054] One or more parameter sets may be supported in the wireless communication system 100, and the parameter sets may include subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefixes. A first parameter set (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kilohertz (kHz)) and a normal cyclic prefix. A first parameter set (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second parameter set (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third parameter set (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth parameter set (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth parameter set (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[0055] The time intervals of resources (e.g., communication resources) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames). Each frame may have a duration, for example, a duration of 10 milliseconds (ms). In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a duration of 1 ms. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

[0056] Additionally or alternatively, the time intervals of resources (e.g., communication resources) can be organized according to time slots. For example, a subframe may include a certain number (e.g., a certain amount) of time slots. Each time slot may include a certain number (e.g., a certain amount) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., amount) of time slots used for a subframe may depend on a parameter set. For a normal cyclic prefix, a time slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable to a 60kHz subcarrier spacing), a time slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per time slot, the number of time slots per subframe, and the number of time slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a parameter set. It should be understood that references to a first parameter set (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and time slots.

[0057] In the wireless communication system 100, the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum can be divided into various categories, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. based on frequency or wavelength. By way of example, the wireless communication system 100 can support one or more operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz-24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300 GHz). In some implementations, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 can perform wireless communications on the one or more operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 can be used by the network entity 102 and the UE 104 and other equipment or devices for cellular communication services (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entity 102 and the UE 104 and other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

[0058] FR1 may be associated with one or more parameter sets (e.g., at least three parameter sets). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first parameter set (e.g., μ=0) including a 15kHz subcarrier spacing, a second parameter set (e.g., μ=1) including a 30kHz subcarrier spacing, and a third parameter set (e.g., μ=2) including a 60kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or more parameter sets (e.g., at least 2 parameter sets). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third parameter set (e.g., μ=2) including a 60kHz subcarrier spacing, and a fourth parameter set (e.g., μ=3) including a 120kHz subcarrier spacing.

[0059] According to the implementation of the configuration for radio sensing, the network entity 102 and the UE 104 can cooperate to enable radio sensing according to the described implementation. For example, the network entity 102 represents one or more of a configuration node, a processor node, a sensing transmission node ("sensing Tx node"), and a combination thereof. In addition, the UE 104 represents a sensing receiver node ("sensing Rx node"). However, this should not be construed as limiting, and a variety of different node types and node implementations can be utilized as part of the disclosed implementation, such as further described below.

[0060] In addition to the described examples, the network entity 102 generates a configuration notification 120 and sends the configuration notification 120 to the UE 104. For example, the configuration notification 120 includes various radio sensing related configuration information, such as reference signal configuration, acquisition information for background environment attributes, measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements, known attributes of objects and / or scenes of interest, processing configuration information for use in processing radio sensing measurements, reporting configuration for reporting radio sensing measurements, etc. In at least one implementation, the configuration notification 120 references the configuration information using an index to a codebook that includes fields describing different objects and / or scenes of interest. Throughout this disclosure, detailed examples of different instances and / or types of radio sensing related information that can be included in the configuration notification 120 are discussed.

[0061] The UE 104 receives the configuration notification 120 and implements (e.g., executes) a sensing configuration 122 to configure different radio sensing related logic and behaviors of the UE 104 based at least in part on the configuration notification 120. For example, the sensing configuration 122 configures the sensing, processing, and / or reporting logic and / or behaviors of the UE 104 and is based at least in part on the configuration notification 120. Based on the sensing configuration 122, the UE 104 performs radio sensing 124. For example, the radio sensing 124 is based on a reference signal 126 transmitted by the network entity 102 and received by the UE 104. The radio sensing 124 may be utilized to detect a target object 128 (e.g., an object of interest) that affects the propagation of the reference signal 126, such as via signal interference, signal reflections, etc. caused by the target object 128. As further described below, the radio sensing 124 may utilize known background environment attributes included as part of the sensing configuration 122 to identify and / or confirm the identity of the target object 128.

[0062] Based at least in part on the radio sensing 124 and / or processing of sensing measurements obtained by the radio sensing 124, the UE 104 generates a sensing report 130 and sends the sensing report 130 to the network entity 102. The sensing report 130 may include various types of information, such as sensing measurements generated by the radio sensing 124, processed sensing measurements, properties of a target object 128 detected via the radio sensing 124, sensing configuration 122 information used by the UE 104 to generate and / or process the sensing measurements, and the like. In at least one implementation, the sensing report 130 is generated and / or sent according to reporting configuration information included as part of the configuration notification 120 and / or the sensing configuration 122. For example, the network entity 102 specifies the reporting configuration information in the configuration notification 120 to be used by the UE 104 to generate the sensing report 130.

[0063] In some wireless communication system designs, radio sensing in wireless cellular wireless networks is envisioned as a mechanism to both improve network performance and to serve vertical use cases. In particular, radio sensing can obtain environmental information in the following ways:

[0064] Transmission of a sensing excitation signal (e.g., a sensing reference signal (RS)) from a network or UE entity (e.g., a sensing Tx node);

[0065] Reception of reflections / echoes of the transmitted sensing stimulus signals from the environment by the network and / or UE entity (e.g., sensing Rx node); and

[0066] • Processing of received reflections and inferring relevant information from the environment.

[0067] As indicated above, propagated / reflected radio signals may be received and processed to extract environmental features and information of interest. Therefore, it may be desirable to customize the signal reception, measurement, processing, and reporting processes according to the nature of the specified radio sensing task and information and the specified quality of service. An example list of potential use cases for such task-specific radio sensing measurements and reporting includes, but is not limited to:

[0068] Measuring radio propagation to detect objects of interest, where the object, if present, is located in a known three-dimensional (3D) or two-dimensional (2D) and / or one-dimensional (1D) area. Examples of different objects of interest include pedestrians crossing a known section of road, trains passing a known route, vehicles moving along a known section of road (e.g., driven by a human driver and / or an autonomous vehicle), etc.

[0069] Measuring radio propagation to detect objects of interest, such as where the object (if present) follows a specific velocity pattern. For example, for objects of interest, the direction of travel is known and / or the absolute velocity is within an a priori known range and results in a CSI component within an a priori known interval in the Doppler domain, e.g., a pedestrian with a speed not exceeding 30 km / h, a natural obstacle with a speed of zero, etc.

[0070] Figure 2 An example scenario 200 for radio sensing is illustrated. The scenario 200 includes a Tx node 202 and an Rx node 204. The Tx node 202 and the Rx node 204 may be implemented in various ways, such as by the network entity 102, the UE 104, a combination thereof, etc. In the scenario 200, the Tx node 202 transmits a reference signal within a background environment 206, which is affected by various background features and objects within the background environment 206. For example, the scenario 200 represents an implementation for tracking a pedestrian 208 within the background environment 206 based on the effect of the background environment 206 on the reference signal transmitted by the Tx node 202.

[0071] Further with respect to the scene 200, the reference signal 210 transmitted by the Tx node 202 is reflected from the background object 212 (e.g., a tree) and the pedestrian 208 before it reaches the Rx node 204. In addition, the reference signal 213 transmitted by the Tx node 202 is reflected from the background object 212 before it reaches the Rx node 204. The reference signal 214 transmitted by the Tx node 202 is reflected (e.g., directly reflected) from the pedestrian 208 before it reaches the Rx node 204. In addition, the reference signal 216 transmitted by the Tx node 202 is reflected (e.g., directly reflected) from the ground 218 of the environment 206 before it reaches the Rx node 204. Therefore, based on the different reference signals, the Rx node 204 can perform radio sensing 220 to measure the properties of the reference signal received at the Rx node 204 and determine the properties of the pedestrian 208 (e.g., the target object).

[0072] Thus, the effect of the background environment 206 on the transmitted reference signal can be observed. Such reflections are mixed with reflections from the desired sensing target (e.g., pedestrian 208) and, if not subtracted, may degrade the resulting sensing information and / or accuracy. In addition, reflections from the background environment 206 may be obstructed by the presence of an object of interest for sensing, which may be used as useful additional information for the sensing task of interest.

[0073] Thus, the signal sensed at the Rx node 204 may include the following example effects: first, reflections from one and / or more objects of interest to be sensed via radio sensing may be received; second, reflections and direct propagation paths from the remainder of the background environment 206 (e.g., the background environment) in addition to the one and / or more objects of interest (e.g., pedestrian 208) targeted for sensing, which are combined with reflections from the objects of interest for sensing; third, the interaction of the background environment 206 with the reflections from the one and / or more objects of interest, for example, when a direct or reflected path from the background environment is obstructed toward the Rx node 204 due to the presence of an object of interest, or when object reflections are obstructed due to another background environment element.

[0074] Example features for defining UE capabilities for sensing, where the UE acts as a sensing Tx for sensing tasks associated with sensing reference signals, which may be defined via a set of supported sensing reference signal modes, include (but are not limited to):

[0075] Supported time domain resource patterns for sensing reference signals, e.g., the maximum supported length of a sensing reference signal in the time domain, the maximum number of symbols or maximum symbol density for sensing reference signal transmission, the maximum supported power / energy for sensing reference signal transmission, etc.

[0076] Supported frequency domain resource patterns for sensing reference signals, e.g., the maximum supported bandwidth of sensing reference signals in the frequency domain, the maximum number of resource elements (REs) or maximum RE density for sensing reference signal transmission, the maximum supported power / energy for sensing reference signal transmission within a symbol, slot and / or radio frame, etc.

[0077] Supported joint time-frequency domain resource patterns for sensing reference signals, e.g., the maximum supported number of total REs per radio frame for sensing reference signal transmission, the maximum supported power and / or energy for sensing reference signal transmission within a symbol, slot and / or radio frame, supported frequency hopping patterns, etc.

[0078] • The supported spatial filters, beams and / or the maximum supported number of simultaneously used spatial beams for sensing reference signal transmission.

[0079] • Supported guard interval or cyclic prefix (CP) overhead for sensing symbols within a sensing reference signal transmission.

[0080] • Supported calculations and / or determinations for selecting a sensing reference signal resource pattern among a set of possible patterns for sensing reference signal transmission.

[0081] • Supported calculation and / or determination methods for selecting a sensing reference signal sequence among a set of possible sequences for sensing reference signal transmission.

[0082] • Supported sequence generation strategies and / or supported sequence generation definition parameter sets for sensing reference signal transmission.

[0083] • Supported sequence-to-resource mapping definition parameter set for sensing reference signal pattern generation for transmission.

[0084] Example features for defining UE capabilities for sensing, where the UE acts as a sensing Rx for sensing tasks associated with sensing reference signals, which example features may be defined via a set of supported sensing reference signal modes, include (but are not limited to):

[0085] • The supported time domain resource mode for sensing reference signal reception, for example, the maximum supported length of the sensing reference signal in the time domain, the maximum number of symbols or the maximum symbol density for sensing reference signal reception, etc.

[0086] The supported frequency domain resource pattern for sensing reference signal reception, for example, the maximum supported bandwidth of the sensing reference signal in the frequency domain, the maximum number of REs or the maximum RE density for sensing reference signal reception, etc.

[0087] • Supported joint time-frequency domain resource patterns for sensing reference signal reception, e.g., maximum number of total REs per radio frame for sensing reference signal reception, supported frequency hopping patterns for sensing reference signal reception, etc.

[0088] • The supported spatial filters, beams and / or maximum number of simultaneously used spatial beams for sensing reference signal reception.

[0089] • Supported guard interval and / or CP overhead for sensing symbols within sensing reference signal reception.

[0090] • Supported detection and / or determination for an unknown (eg, partially unknown) received sensing reference signal resource pattern among a set of possible patterns for sensing reference signal reception.

[0091] • Supported detection and / or determination for an unknown (eg, partially unknown) received sensing reference signal sequence among a set of possible modes for sensing reference signal reception.

[0092] • Supported sequence generation strategies for sensing reference signal transmission.

[0093] • Supported sequence-to-resource mapping definition parameter set for sensing reference signal reception.

[0094] Example features for defining UE capabilities for sensing, where the UE jointly acts as a sensing Rx and a sensing Tx for sensing tasks associated with sensing reference signals (e.g., in full duplex with simultaneous transmission and reception), which example features may be defined via a set of supported sensing reference signal modes, include (but are not limited to):

[0095] • Supported time domain resource patterns for sensing reference signal joint transmission and reception.

[0096] • Supported frequency domain resource patterns for sensing reference signal joint transmission and reception.

[0097] • Supported joint time / frequency domain resource patterns, including supported frequency hopping patterns for joint transmission and reception of sensing reference signals.

[0098] • Supported transmit and receive beam combinations for sensing reference signal joint transmission and reception.

[0099] • Supported transmit powers for sensing reference signal joint transmission and reception, e.g. average transmit power during sensing, maximum average transmit power during sensing in any time slot, maximum transmit power during any transmit symbol, total sensing reference signal energy.

[0100] • A feature of supported transmit power for sensing, which is defined specifically for a transmit beam or Tx / Rx beam combination supporting joint sensing reference signal transmission and reception.

[0101] • Features that define the allowed combinations of supported sensing reference signal sets for transmission and supported sensing reference signal sets for reception.

[0102] Example features for defining UE capabilities for sensing reference signal multiplexing may include (but are not limited to):

[0103] • The number of sensing reference signals that may be multiplexed and / or present simultaneously within the same radio frame, for example, present when other sensing reference signals start and before other sensing reference signals end.

[0104] • Types of data and / or control channels or other RSs that may co-exist with the sensing reference signal, e.g., after the channel and / or reference signal starts and before the channel and / or reference signal ends.

[0105] Support for discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading of sensing reference signals and / or multiplexed sensing reference signals.

[0106] For all of the above, the types of multiplexing supported.

[0107] Example features for defining UE capabilities for sensing measurements, where the UE operates as a Sensing Rx, which may be defined via a set of supported measurement types, include (but are not limited to):

[0108] Supported methods and / or computational models for sensing measurements, e.g., time domain processing for time of flight estimation, CP-OFDM based Doppler and / or range estimation, available computational models and / or artificial intelligence (AI) models for sensing measurements).

[0109] • Support for distance and / or range estimation, supported dynamic range for estimated object distance, supported distance estimation resolution.

[0110] • Support for object velocity estimation, supported dynamic range for estimated object velocity, supported velocity estimation resolution.

[0111] • Support for angle estimation (eg, Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation), supported dynamic range for estimated DoA, supported DoA estimation resolution.

[0112] The maximum number of objects supported simultaneously for sensing measurements.

[0113] - Support for measurement features defined as a combination of any of the above features, e.g., support for DoA estimation for objects with a specific range dynamic range and a specific range resolution.

[0114] Example features for defining UE capabilities for sensing measurement reporting, where the UE operates as a sensing Rx, which may be defined via a set of supported measurement report types, include (but are not limited to):

[0115] • Types of messages and / or reports supported, e.g. compression of measurements, estimated parameters, event-based reporting with defined criteria, etc.

[0116] • The duration that a measurement message may be stored by the UE before transmission and / or reporting.

[0117] • Supported reporting criteria, e.g., comparison of estimated distances to thresholds, and / or computational models used to check reporting criteria.

[0118] · The supported compression types for report messages.

[0119] For a specific radio sensing task, the information elements that specify the sensing QoS and / or sensing information type include (but are not limited to):

[0120] Sensing Information Type: In some implementations, the type of information to be obtained via the sensing process may be included in the request message. For example, this includes an indication of a request for object and / or blockage detection, material and / or composition estimation, tracking and / or ranging of an object of interest, estimating the velocity of an object of interest, etc. In some implementations, the requested information may be explicitly defined to facilitate scheduling and / or making appropriate response determinations by the network.

[0121] QoS for sensing information: In some implementations, QoS parameters for the requested sensing information are included in a request message, for example, sent by the UE. Examples of this sensing QoS information include (but are not limited to):

[0122] o Latency: The tolerable latency requirement for completing the requested sensing operation. The measurable time duration may be defined as the time difference from the transmission of a request or receipt of a request by the network to one or more of the following: receiving a response from the network, receiving a sensing reference signal sent in response to a UE request, completing the sensing process, or receiving and / or recovering the expected sensing information by the UE, etc.

[0123] o Reliability / Accuracy: Information about the accuracy of the acquired sensing information can be defined, such as via one or more of: a tolerable false alarm probability for detection within an object and / or region of interest, a specified probability of detection for detection within an object and / or region of interest, a tolerable error measure for parameter estimation, e.g., an estimate of the velocity or distance of an object of interest.

[0124] o Request importance: In some implementations, an indication of the importance (e.g., significance) of the requested information is also included in the request message, such as a different (e.g., separate) information element relative to other QoS descriptions for sensing. The indication of importance, for example, indicates the priority of the network to respond positively to the requested service. For example, the UE may include priority identifiers and / or categories for different types of requests in the request message.

[0125] o Security / Privacy: In some implementations, sensing operations are requested to be accompanied by measures for protecting sensing information, such as information related to signal propagation and / or reflection from objects and / or regions of interest that may be used by unauthorized third parties. The type of security measures, such as for object of interest sensing information protection, region of interest sensing information protection, requesting UE identity protection, and the specified security level may be included in the request message, for example, as an integer defining the specified security level.

[0126] Figure 3An example scenario 300 for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated, which supports configuration for radio sensing. The scenario 300 includes:

[0127] Scenario 302a, where sensing Tx is a network node 304 and sensing Rx is a separate network node 306, which represents different instances of the network entity 102: In scenario 302a, the sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing or a data and / or control channel known to the network TRP node) is sent and received by the network entity 102. The participation of the UE node may be limited, such as limited to interference management. In scenario 302a, the network may not utilize the UE for sensing assistance.

[0128] Scenario 302b, where the sensing Tx is a network node 304, and the sensing Rx is the same network node 304: In scenario 302b, the sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing or a data and / or control channel known to the network TRP node) is sent and received by the same network entity 102. The participation of the UE node may be limited, such as limited to interference management. In scenario 302b, the network may not utilize the UE for sensing assistance.

[0129] Scenario 302c, where the sensing Tx is the network node 306 and the sensing Rx is the UE 104: In scenario 302c, a sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing is sent by the network entity 102 and received by one or more UEs 104. For example, the network configures (multiple) UEs 104 to act as sensing Rx nodes, such as according to the capabilities of the UE nodes for sensing and / or the designated sensing tasks.

[0130] As part of scenes 302 a - 302 c , radio sensing is being implemented to detect characteristic features of objects 308 present in environment 310 .

[0131] Figure 4 An example scenario 400 for radio sensing according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated, which supports configuration for radio sensing. For example, scenario 300, scenario 400 represent additional implementations and / or alternative implementations. Scenario 400 includes:

[0132] Scenario 402a, where the sensing Tx is UE 104a and the sensing Rx is network node 404: In scenario 402a, a sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing (and / or data and / or control channels transmitted by UE 104a) is received by one or more network entities 102 (e.g., network node 404) and transmitted by UE 104a. For example, the network configures UE 104a to act as a sensing Tx node, such as according to the UE 104a capabilities and / or designated sensing tasks for sensing.

[0133] Scenario 402b, where the sensing Tx is UE 104a and the sensing Rx is a separate UE 104b: In scenario 402b, a sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing is received by one or more UEs 104b and sent by UE 104a. In this scenario, the network and / or UE 104 may decide the configuration of the sensing scenario. In at least one example, the network configures the UE 104 to act as a sensing Tx node and / or a sensing Rx node, such as according to the UE 104 capabilities for sensing and / or a designated sensing task.

[0134] Scenario 402c, where sensing Tx is UE 104b, and sensing Rx is the same UE 104b: In scenario 402c, a sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing and / or data and / or control channels known to the UE) is sent by UE 104b and received by the same UE 104b. In at least one implementation, the UE 104b and / or the network configures the sensing scenario, such as according to the UE 104 capabilities and / or the designated sensing tasks for sensing.

[0135] As part of scenes 402a-402c, radio sensing is being implemented to detect characteristic features of an object 406 present in an environment 408. Furthermore, the different scenes 302, 402 are presented for exemplary purposes only, and it should be appreciated that implementations of configurations for radio sensing may be employed in a variety of different scenarios, including scenarios not explicitly described herein.

[0136] In at least some implementations, a sensing Rx configuration is provided that includes known (e.g., a priori known) characteristic characteristics of an object that can be sensed via radio sensing. For example, a radio sensing controller entity (e.g., network entity 102) configures a sensing Rx node using one or more of the following:

[0137] (1) a first configuration regarding transmission by a sensing Tx node to a sensing reference signal to be received and processed by a sensing Rx node;

[0138] (2) a second configuration for intended receiver signal processing and / or measurement of received sensing reference signals as part of a radio sensing operation based on, inter alia, known characteristics of the object of interest and / or a corresponding radio sensing scenario; and

[0139] (3) A third configuration for transmission of a report from a sensing process that has been performed, such as according to the first configuration and the second configuration.

[0140] The sensing Rx node may then perform reception of a sensing reference signal and perform corresponding radio sensing measurements and / or processing according to the received first and second configurations, and may subsequently generate and send a report according to the received third configuration.

[0141] In at least some implementations, the radio sensing controller entity may be implemented and / or operated as part of a third-party application on a UE device, a RAN node (e.g., a gNB, a smart repeater, an IAB node, a UE / gNB-Roadside Unit (RSU), etc.), implemented and / or operated as part of a core network entity, e.g., a radio sensing management function, etc. Further with respect to at least some implementations, a set of sensing Rx nodes associated with a radio sensing scenario may include a UE device, a network entity (e.g., a gNB node), a UE / gNB-RSU node, a smart repeater, an IAB node, a smart repeater node, and / or a combination thereof.

[0142] A first configuration (such as described above) for a sensing reference signal sent by a sensing Tx node to be received by a sensing Rx node may include at least one or more of the following:

[0143] a) waveform type or waveform definition parameters used for sensing reference signal, e.g., waveform type in case the waveform is different from waveforms used for other data / control transmission / reception by the same node; subcarrier spacing (SCS) used for sensing reference signal in case of OFDM-based waveform or other multi-carrier waveform type; length and type of redundancy, e.g., CP length in case of CP-OFDM, or redundancy type and length in case of unique word (UW)-OFDM;

[0144] b) the position of sensing Tx (sensing reference signal sending entity) according to the global or local / relative or known coordinate system of sensing Rx, or the relative position of sensing Tx with respect to the object / area of ​​interest of radio sensing;

[0145] c) one or more Tx antenna ports or transmission beams or transmission radiation patterns or transmission radiation characteristics (e.g., translation angle, beam angle in azimuth, beam angle in elevation / zenith angle, beam width) used for transmission of the sensing reference signal;

[0146] d) a sensing reference signal resource according to the used waveform for sensing reference signal transmission, e.g., a CP-OFDM time / frequency resource on which the sensing reference signal is sent;

[0147] e) Tx power used for transmission of the sensing reference signal;

[0148] f) A sequence generation and a physical resource mapping type based on which a sensing reference signal is generated.

[0149] A second configuration (such as described above) for receiver signal processing and / or measurement of received sensing reference signals may include one or more of the following:

[0150] a) an indication of one or more Rx spatial filters to be used by the sensing Rx for receiving the sensing reference signal;

[0151] b) an indication of one or more characteristics of an object and / or scene of interest for sensing, based on which sensing measurements and / or signal processing are performed;

[0152] c) One or more types of processing and / or computational results to be generated from the received sensing reference signal, the received configuration.

[0153] Furthermore, a second configuration (such as described above) for receiver signal processing and / or measurement of received sensing reference signals may be determined (e.g., by the radio sensing controller) based on one or more of:

[0154] a) a priori known characteristics of one or more objects of interest, such as characteristics relevant to a specified radio sensing operation;

[0155] b) Radio sensing related capabilities of the sensing Rx node, for example, including but not limited to:

[0156] i. The stability of sensing Rx within a specified sensing duration (e.g., positioning stability);

[0157] ii. One or more of the time, frequency, angle, or position synchronization levels of the sensing Rx and (multiple) sensing Tx nodes;

[0158] iii. Sense the observable interval of Rx relative to the object and / or region of interest.

[0159] c) The radio sensing-related capabilities of other participating sensing Rx nodes in the sensing scenario;

[0160] d) Among the available radio sensing nodes, the availability of one or more of time, frequency, energy, storage resources, or processing resources for radio sensing operations;

[0161] e) The quality of service specified for a specified radio sensing task.

[0162] In at least some implementations, the prior known characteristics of the object and / or scenario of interest for sensing (based on which sensing measurements and / or signal processing will be implemented) may include one or more of the following:

[0163] a) The expected object presence probability;

[0164] b) The probability mass function of the number of existing objects in the relevant sensing region of interest;

[0165] c) According to the coordinate system of the sensing Rx node (such as global, local, relative, and / or known coordinate systems), the position, position range, set, and / or potential region of the object of interest (if present);

[0166] d) The probability mass function of object localization conditional on object presence. For example, on a cube identified by (5,5,5)<(x,y,z)<(15,15,15) in 3D, the probability of the object appearing is 0.2; within a 2D rectangular region (5,5)<(x,y)<(15,15), the probability of appearance is 0.2; on a 1D region representing 5<x<15, the probability of appearance is 0.2; and / or according to the coordinate system of the sensing Rx node (such as global, local, relative, and / or known coordinate systems), the probability of appearance within an angular interval representation (e.g., azimuth and / or elevation / zenith angle range) is 0.2;

[0167] e) Speed and / or set of speeds and / or ranges, such as including an absolute speed range and / or possible directions of movement. For example, conditional on object presence, the direction or angular range of movement relative to the coordinate system of the object of interest (such as global, local, relative, and / or known coordinate systems);

[0168] f) The probability mass function of object speed (absolute speed, speed direction, and / or directional speed, for example, which can be combined) on a known speed segment. For example, the probability of appearance on 10 - 20 kilometers per hour (km / h) along the north direction (with a + / - 10-degree deviation) is 0.2, the probability of appearance on 10 - 20 km / h is 0.3, the probability of appearance with movement along the north direction (with a + / - 10-degree deviation) is 0.4, and so on;

[0169] g) Probability mass function of the object Doppler characteristics, e.g. Doppler range and / or spread;

[0170] h) expected object RCS patterns and / or parameters related to the resulting RCS patterns, such as object size, object composition, object material and object image, or probability mass functions for different combinations thereof, such as probability mass functions for different RCS patterns and / or value ranges for different object sizes or shapes;

[0171] i) one or more potential object types (e.g., human, vehicle, cat, dog, building, wall, etc.) and / or their probability mass functions;

[0172] j) semantic representation of an object as a probability density function of possible states of the object and / or its qualities, e.g. possible human or animal body postures: e.g. standing, sleeping, bending, different standing postures, different hand gestures, different cardiac and / or respiratory states, etc.;

[0173] k) an indication of previous Sense Rx processing and / or object types known to the Sense Rx node, where the object of interest (if present) may share properties with objects known or previously analyzed by the Sense Rx node;

[0174] l) Features obtained from example combinations of the above features, such as a joint probability mass function over multiple domains, such as the power angle delay-Doppler bins of the measured CSI.

[0175] Examples of probability measures discussed herein may be presented as unconditional values ​​and / or conditional probability measures, such as conditional on the presence of an object.

[0176] Therefore, solutions are provided in the present disclosure to provide intelligent radio sensing, including optimizing radio sensing measurements and signal processing, and reporting radio sensing operations based on known properties of the radio sensing environment. In addition, the described solutions enable characteristics of the background environment to be taken into account when performing radio sensing of the environment.

[0177] In the context of radio sensing implemented within a communication network, a sensing Rx node may acquire knowledge of a background environment related to radio sensing, and then utilize the knowledge of the background environment to perform sensing Rx measurements and obtain sensing information about an area of ​​interest and / or an object of interest for sensing. Therefore, in implementation, the radio sensing controller entity configures the sensing Rx node using one or more of the following:

[0178] a) a first configuration regarding a sensing reference signal sent by a sensing Tx node and to be received and processed by a sensing Rx node;

[0179] b) a second configuration according to which the sensing Rx can acquire background environment knowledge related to the radio sensing operation;

[0180] c) a third configuration for expected sensing Rx measurements and signal processing associated with radio sensing operations, which may utilize the received sensing reference signal according to the first configuration and the acquired background environment knowledge according to the second configuration;

[0181] d) A fourth configuration for transmitting a report based on sensing measurements and signal processing of received signals (such as according to the configurations described above).

[0182] Based on a received configuration such as described above, the sensing Rx node may:

[0183] a) receiving the sent sensing reference signal;

[0184] b) Acquire background environmental knowledge;

[0185] c) performing sensing Rx measurements and signal processing based on the acquired background environment knowledge;

[0186] d) Generate a sensing measurement report and send the sensing measurement report to a network entity.

[0187] In implementations, the background environment includes physical features other than the object of interest (e.g., sensing target) to be monitored via radio sensing, such as other non-target objects, environmental features (e.g., a portion of the ground, sea surface, etc.), propagation paths toward the sensing Rx node, for example, a line-of-sight (LOS) propagation path from the sensing Tx node toward the sensing Rx, a LOS or non-LOS (NLOS) propagation path from the sensing Tx node or an external interference transmitter toward the sensing Rx, etc. In implementations, the background environment includes a set of objects, environmental portions, and / or propagation paths toward the sensing Rx node:

[0188] a) for which the sensing reference signal reflection and / or propagation may be sensed by the sensing Rx node, e.g., when there is a propagation path between object reflections towards the sensing Rx node, and the received sensing reference signal strength and / or power corresponding to the propagation path at the sensing Rx exceeds a threshold for a given sensing Tx power (e.g., sensing Rx receiver sensitivity);

[0189] b) for which the object, environmental feature and / or propagation path transmission point is located within a known distance and / or angular margin (e.g., azimuth and / or elevation) or relative velocity margin (e.g., velocity value or direction, and / or directional velocity) relative to an object of interest monitored by the sensing Rx node via radio sensing;

[0190] c) it can block reflections of sensing reference signals sent from the object of interest for sensing towards the sensing Rx node;

[0191] d) for which the propagation path towards the sensing Rx may be blocked via the object of interest and / or other objects for sensing;

[0192] e) It is different from the object of interest monitored via radio sensing in one or more characteristics. Examples of such characteristics include: being located in a different area, position and / or angle interval, having a different speed and / or speed margin from the object of interest, remaining present and / or stationary at different monitoring time instances, while the presence and / or position of the object of interest may vary due to different sensing reference signal reception instances;

[0193] f) for which the presence, position, velocity and / or combination thereof of features of the background environment are known;

[0194] g) Any instance and / or combination of the above conditions, for example, constructed via one or more of the union, intersection, and difference of sets generated according to the above conditions.

[0195] In an implementation, background environmental features and / or a subset thereof are part of a set of objects of interest for monitoring, for example, where the subset of objects of interest are reliably detected and tracked, and in later sensing reference signal reception and / or in later processing steps, are considered as background environmental objects to facilitate detection and / or tracking of remaining objects of interest.

[0196] In an implementation, the radio sensing controller entity may be implemented and / or operated as part of a third-party application on a UE device, a RAN node (e.g., gNB, smart repeater, UE / gNB-RSU, IAB node), or operated as part of a core network entity, such as a radio sensing management function.

[0197] In an implementation, the radio sensing controller entity performs at least one or more of the following functions:

[0198] a) Collecting capability information of the nodes with radio sensing capabilities that will act as sensing Tx nodes;

[0199] b) collecting capability information of the nodes with radio sensing capabilities that will act as sensing Rx nodes;

[0200] c) determining a sensing scenario, including at least a sensing Tx node, a sensing Rx node similar to or different from the sensing Rx node, an area of ​​interest for monitoring and / or sensing, etc.;

[0201] d) determining a configuration for at least one sensing Rx node to obtain information of a background environment;

[0202] e) configuring sensing signal transmission for one or more sensing Tx nodes, for example, including configuration of time frequency, beam resources, reference signal sequence for sensing reference signal, etc.;

[0203] f) configuring one or more sensing Rx nodes to receive, measure and process sensing signals;

[0204] g) configure sensing measurement report configuration for one or more sensing Rx nodes, such as reporting criteria, reporting time frequency and beam resources, reporting information type, etc.;

[0205] h) configuring one or more sensing Rx nodes to obtain background environment knowledge;

[0206] i) performing processing on the sensing measurements collected from the sensing Rx nodes and obtaining specified sensing information;

[0207] j) configuring one or more processor entities to obtain an indicated set of specified sensing information results, such as based on a received sensing measurement report of a sensing Rx node;

[0208] k) Reporting the acquired sensing information (eg, after receiving and processing the sensing Rx report) to the RAN and / or network entity, such as according to previous instructions and / or configuration.

[0209] In an implementation, the set of sensing Rx nodes associated with the radio sensing scenario may include UE devices, gNB nodes, UE / gNB-RSU nodes, smart repeaters, IAB nodes, or a combination thereof.

[0210] A first configuration (such as described above) of a sensing reference signal sent by a sensing Tx node to be received by a sensing Rx node may include at least one or more of the following:

[0211] a) waveform type or waveform definition parameters used for sensing reference signal, e.g., waveform type in case the waveform is different from waveforms used for other data / control transmission / reception by the same node; subcarrier spacing (SCS) used for sensing reference signal in case of OFDM-based waveform or other multi-carrier waveform type; length and type of redundancy, e.g., CP length in case of CP-OFDM, or redundancy type and length in case of unique word (UW)-OFDM;

[0212] b) the position of sensing Tx (sensing reference signal sending entity) according to the global or local / relative or known coordinate system of sensing Rx, or the relative position of sensing Tx with respect to the object / area of ​​interest of radio sensing;

[0213] c) one or more Tx antenna ports or transmission beams or transmission radiation patterns or transmission radiation characteristics (e.g., translation angle, beam angle in azimuth, beam angle in elevation / zenith angle, beam width) used for transmission of the sensing reference signal;

[0214] d) a sensing reference signal resource according to the used waveform for sensing reference signal transmission, e.g., a CP-OFDM time / frequency resource on which the sensing reference signal is sent;

[0215] e) Tx power used for transmission of the sensing reference signal;

[0216] f) A sequence generation and a physical resource mapping type based on which a sensing reference signal is generated.

[0217] The above-mentioned configuration for acquiring relevant background environment knowledge by the sensing Rx node may include an indication of explicit background environment information, a configuration for explicitly acquiring background environment information elements from another network node, and / or a configuration for implicitly acquiring background environment knowledge via the assistance and / or processing of the received signal by the sensing Rx according to the received configuration, and / or a combination thereof.

[0218] The explicit transmission and / or indication of the context information element to the sensing Rx node may include an indication of one or more of the following:

[0219] a) an object identifier (ID), a group object ID, and / or multiple IDs thereof, where each object ID may define an a priori known object with all or a subset of known characteristics, e.g., an object with a known position, speed, orientation, type, composition, etc.;

[0220] b) positioning of one or more objects according to a global and / or known (e.g., local, relative) coordinate system;

[0221] c) one or more object velocities according to a global and / or known coordinate system;

[0222] d) one or more object RCS patterns according to a global and / or known coordinate system, an average RCS value, and / or an average RCS pattern as an average over RCS patterns in a certain direction and / or angle;

[0223] e) one or more object physical shapes and / or geometries;

[0224] f) one or more object types, such as classified by the sensing Rx node into known types, e.g., vehicle, human, etc.;

[0225] g) one or more object orientations;

[0226] h) one or more object composition types and / or texture types;

[0227] i) A 2D or 3D map of the background environment perceived by the Sensing Rx Node and / or based on a global and / or known coordinate system of the Sensing Rx Node, for example, a partial point cloud and / or bitmap describing a subset of environmental objects, a subset of features of environmental objects, or a combination thereof.

[0228] j) CSI presented in a specific domain and / or via a metric known to the sensing Rx node, corresponding to the complete or partial background environment from a known sensing Tx toward the sensing Rx node, for example, the power delay profile from the sensing Tx to the sensing Rx CSI corresponds to the background environment within n meters from the sensing Rx.

[0229] k) Compressed and / or quantized values ​​of any of the above information types. For example, individually or jointly, presenting any or more values ​​of the above information via one or more indices from a table and / or codebook, wherein the table / codebook defines different possible values ​​for the above information types or combinations thereof, for example, a table of object speed values. For example, a 2D or 3D map is compressed at the sensing Rx side in a known format and / or resolution, and presented via a 2D or 3D bitmap image or a compressed bitmap image, wherein each bit represents the presence of an object at a specific location;

[0230] l) Statistical measurements of any of the above elements. For example, the probability mass function of the location, Doppler spread or Doppler shift, and / or delay spread or average delay of a portion of the background defined by a specific angle and / or Doppler range to the sensing Rx node;

[0231] m) one or more sets of time, frequency and / or beam resources for receiving one type of the above information types or a combination of the above information types from one or more other network nodes. For example, a UE device acting as a sensing Rx node receives a portion of a static environment 3D map from a gNB as part of a downlink (DL) physical channel, and receives another portion of the static environment 3D map from another UE from a sidelink (SL) channel, wherein the corresponding time-frequency-beam resources for receiving information may be included in the received second configuration;

[0232] n) A combination of one or more of the above.

[0233] In implementation, the implicit indication of the background environment information element to the sensing Rx node may include:

[0234] a) In addition to the sensing reference signal reception configured by the sensing Rx node via the above-mentioned first configuration, an indication or configuration of one or more sensing reference signal receptions (e.g., including all or a subset of the elements defined for the reception of sensing reference signals in the above-mentioned first configuration received), wherein background information knowledge and / or information of the object of interest / sensing target node can be inferred from one or more of the sensing reference signal receptions (e.g., separated from background environment effects). In implementation, the one or more sensing reference signal receptions can be used in conjunction with the sensing reference signal reception configured via the above-mentioned first configuration received to obtain and / or extract information about the background environment or the object of interest;

[0235] b) an indication of the state of a background environment element (e.g., location, presence, speed, obstruction, etc.), and / or how the background environment element is related or similar between a sensing reference signal reception configured via the first configuration and received by the sensing Rx node and other sensing reference signal receptions indicated via implicit indication of background environment information. This may include one or more of the following:

[0236] i. An indication that the objects constituting the background environmental effect maintain similar properties during all or a subset of the indicated sensing reference signal receptions;

[0237] ii. A statistical measurement indication that the objects constituting the background environment effect maintain substantially similar known properties during the reception of multiple sensing reference signals: for example, when the statistics of the background environment characteristics remain substantially consistent, including the Doppler shift and average delay experienced due to background environment reflections, for example, 95 percent of the background environment objects maintain substantially consistent known properties during the reception of different sensing reference signals;

[0238] iii. A conditional indication that the objects constituting the background environment effect maintain similar or substantially similar known properties during the indicated multiple sensing reference signal reception periods: for example, when 95% of the objects in the background environment located within a specific position or speed range according to a known coordinate system to the sensing Rx node maintain substantially similar known properties during the indicated multiple sensing reference signal reception periods;

[0239] iv. A combination thereof, for example, a conditional indication and a statistical indication of the similarity of the reception phase of the sensing reference signal.

[0240] c) an indication of the state (e.g., location, presence, speed) of an object of interest for sensing (i.e., a sensing target object), and / or how the object of interest is related or similar between a sensing reference signal reception configured via a first configuration received by the sensing Rx node and other sensing reference signal receptions indicated via an implicit indication of background environment information. This may include one or more of the following:

[0241] i. an indication that all or a subset of one or more objects of interest are not present at the indicated set of sensing reference signal receptions;

[0242] ii. an indication that all or a subset of the one or more objects of interest are present at the indicated set of sensing reference signal receptions and maintain similar attributes and / or states (e.g., location, velocity, etc.);

[0243] iii. An indication that all or a subset of the objects of interest are present at the indicated set of sensing reference signal receptions and maintain substantially similar properties and / or states (e.g., positioning and / or velocity within 95% relative accuracy at the instant of reference sensing reference signal reception).

[0244] d) An indication of a sensing measurement configuration, including a sensing reference signal transmission configuration. Examples of sensing reference signal transmission configurations include transmission antenna ports, Tx power, beam and / or radiation patterns, transmission radiation characteristics (e.g., translation angle, beam angle in azimuth, beam angle in elevation / zenith angle, beam width), sensing Tx position, sensing Tx node speed, or relative speed of sensing Tx to sensing Rx node, or a combination thereof. In addition, the sensing measurement configuration may include a sensing reference signal reception configuration, and / or an indication of how the sensing reference signal transmission and / or reception configuration is related to or remains substantially similar to multiple sensing reference signal receptions and / or other sensing reference signal receptions, which are configured via the above-mentioned first configuration and received by the sensing Rx node, and the other sensing reference signal receptions are indicated via an implicit indication of background environment information. The indication of how the sensing reference signal transmission and / or reception configuration is related to or remains substantially similar to multiple sensing reference signal receptions may include one or more of the following:

[0245] i. an indication that all or a subset of the sensing measurement setup elements remain constant and / or substantially similar over the indicated set of sensing reference signal receptions;

[0246] ii. an indication that all or a subset of the sensing measurement setup elements (e.g., transmit power, beam or radiation pattern, sensing Tx location, or a subset thereof) remain constant and / or substantially similar over the indicated set of sensing reference signal receptions;

[0247] iii. an indication that all or a subset of the sensing measurement setup elements (e.g., transmit power, beam or radiation pattern, sensing Tx location, or a subset thereof) used on an indicated set of sensing reference signal receptions would not be valid for another indicated set of sensing reference signal receptions;

[0248] iv. An indication that all or a subset of the sensing measurement setup elements (e.g., transmit power, beam or radiation pattern, sensing Tx location, or a subset thereof) remain substantially constant (e.g., with 95% probability or within 90% energy margin of incident wave reflections from the same area) over an indicated set of sensing reference signal receptions.

[0249] In an implementation, instances of the above information elements associated with a sensing reference signal reception instance may be indicated together with a configuration of the same sensing reference signal instance. In an implementation, after the sensing reference signal is received by the sensing Rx node, for example, at a later time, a later frame / subframe, a later configuration instance, etc., a subset of information elements associated with a specific sensing reference signal reception instance is indicated to the sensing Rx node or any other processing node. This may include:

[0250] a) an indication to the Sensing Rx node at a later time whether the previous sensing determination / result from the Sensing Rx report was correct or incorrect, within a known accuracy margin (e.g., the detected object does exist, and / or the estimated range or location is correct or within a margin of 10 cm or within 1 index different from the used codebook for the estimated parameter indication), or a correction by which the correct sensing information of the previous erroneous sensing result can be obtained at the Sensing Rx;

[0251] b) an indication to the Sensing Rx node regarding the status of one or more of the objects of interest at a previous instance of sensing reference signal reception by the Sensing Rx node as determined by the network or other node, including, for example, the presence of one or more objects, their location or velocity.

[0252] In an implementation, a subsequent indication regarding the state of the object may be given via a priori indication, for example, an indication that such a subsequent indication may be given after a maximum known time duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds or 3 sensing reference signal durations) from a current sensing reference signal reception instance, and thereby the sensing Rx may be instructed to store the relevant configuration and the received sensing reference signal to enable future processing and / or measurement.

[0253] In implementation, a subset of information elements associated with a specific sensing reference signal reception instance may be indicated to a sensing Rx node or any other processing node prior to receiving the reference signal, including:

[0254] a) a joint configuration of multiple sensing reference signal reception periods for sensing Rx nodes, which indicates all or a subset of defined measurement setup similarity information elements;

[0255] b) defining an indication of one or more of the similarity information elements, which may persist across all or a subset of the indicated configurations of the sensing reference signal unless otherwise indicated: e.g., the sensing Tx position remains the same across the upcoming sensing reference signal configuration. e.g., the indicated background environment statistics remain the same across the upcoming sensing reference signal configuration unless a change is indicated.

[0256] In implementation, a combination of multiple of the above information elements defined within explicit and / or implicit background environment information transmissions jointly defines a background environment information element for a sensing Rx node. For example, via explicit transmission and / or indication of background environment information, the sensing Rx node receives a low-resolution 2D map of the background environment, the Doppler spread of objects associated with the background environment, and separately receives information defining a set of object locations and types from the time-frequency resources configured within the physical DL channel. Then, based on the received implicit indication of the background environment information, information about the background environment can be aggregated into the a priori known background environment information from the previous sensing reference signal reception.

[0257] In an implementation, the above-mentioned information elements for implicit or explicit indication of background environment information and / or information about the similarity of measurement settings on multiple sensing reference signal receptions can be conditionally defined, for example, assuming that the indicated and / or predefined domain and / or margin (e.g., a known 3D or 2D area), a known angle (azimuth or elevation) margin, a known speed margin, a known speed direction margin, the indicated information elements are valid on the above items and / or the indicated parameter sets are measured and / or interpreted on the above items. In an implementation, the indication that the Tx beam and / or radiation pattern is equal between two sensing reference signal receptions is only valid for elevation angles of [0-45] degrees. In another implementation, the indicated environment 3D map is only valid on an area of ​​10 square meters centered on the sensing Tx node.

[0258] In an implementation, any of the above-mentioned information elements for implicit or explicit indication of background environment information, or for information about the similarity of measurement settings on multiple sensing reference signal receptions, may be defined adaptively and / or relative to a previous indication of the information element. In an implementation, a partial 2D or 3D map of the environment is transmitted when information about the indicated portion of the environment is to be updated and / or additional information is transmitted to update and / or change the 3D map. In this way, the sensing Rx node may continue to assume the validity of the previous information until and unless such an information update is indicated. In an implementation, for all, a subset, or any of the described information elements for implicit or explicit indication of background environment information, or for information about the similarity of measurement settings on multiple sensing reference signal receptions, a valid time duration may be indicated, wherein the indicated information is assumed to be valid unless explicitly modified via a separate indication or the valid time duration expires.

[0259] The third configuration for the intended receiver signal processing and / or for the measurement of the received sensing reference signal may include:

[0260] a) an indication of one or more Rx spatial filters to be used by the sensing Rx for receiving the sensing reference signal;

[0261] b) one or more types of information that are processing and / or computational results generated from the sensed measurements;

[0262] c) one or more sensed quality of service and / or key performance indicators (KPIs) to be considered for the indicated information output type (e.g., accuracy, error probability, outage probability, latency);

[0263] d) one or more conditions and / or criteria according to which some measurement output information types and / or sensed service quality are to be determined depending on the results of other sensed measurement output and / or information types;

[0264] e) combinations thereof.

[0265] In an implementation, the measurement information output may be generated based on one or more of the following:

[0266] a) receiving a sensing reference signal according to the first configuration received above;

[0267] b) a received sensing reference signal instance according to the received second configuration and the configuration of implicit information about the sensing reference signal;

[0268] c) information about background environment knowledge received according to the second configuration received above;

[0269] d) A priori known features of the object or objects of interest for sensing.

[0270] In implementations, the measurement and signal processing steps used to generate the sensing results may be obtained based on the type of sensing information results, specified quality of service, available time, storage, and / or computing resources, radio frequency (RF) capabilities, etc.

[0271] In an implementation, the measurement information output type may include one or more of the following:

[0272] a) detected and / or estimated features of one or more objects of interest for sensing, and / or quantified or probabilistic representations thereof;

[0273] b) one or more objects or groups of objects (e.g., closely located) of the background environment and / or a specified object of interest or a blocking event on a known propagation path;

[0274] c) Modification of the state of an instance of a background object, an object of interest, or a group of objects thereof (e.g., in close proximity). The modification may include: a change in positioning, a change in velocity, a change in perceived RCS, a blockage of a background reflection path or a LOS path, a common change and / or blockage between groups of objects, etc.

[0275] In an implementation, the above fourth configuration for transmitting a report from the performed sensing processing may include:

[0276] a) the time and / or frequency and the set of beam resources used to transmit the report;

[0277] b) One or more criteria for transmitting the report, for example, a temporal pattern for sensing the report, or a criterion based on the generated processing results. This may include one or more of the following:

[0278] i. when measurement information is available according to the measurement information output type;

[0279] ii. When a measurement information output generated according to the measurement information output type, or multiple generated measurement outputs, meets a condition. Examples of the condition include a measured received reference signal power exceeding a threshold, when an object is detected with a reported probability higher than an indicated probability (e.g., 95%), when a modification of the state of an a priori known object (or group of objects) lasts for a specific period of time, when an object is detected at an indicated sensitive monitoring area with a threshold probability, and / or when one or more objects are detected moving toward a sensitive area.

[0280] c) The type of information to be included in the report may include all or a subset of the indicated processing and / or calculation results.

[0281] In implementation, the type of information included in the report and the period and / or criteria according to which a specific report will be activated for one or more sensing reference signal reception instances may be related to each other and may be defined jointly or separately. For example, the sensing Rx node may receive one or more report configurations for different criteria and / or report types corresponding to one or more sensing reference signal processing instances.

[0282] In an implementation, the resource, the type of information included in the report, and the period or criteria are jointly or individually related to the type of measurement output type indicated via the third configuration above, and the specific report will be activated according to the period or criteria. For example, in some implementations, some of the described elements can be jointly defined, for example, when the measurement output type indicated via the third configuration (when available) is to be reported according to the configuration of the time resources and / or frequency resources used for the report transmission.

[0283] In implementation, any of the described configurations (e.g., the first configuration, the second configuration, the third configuration, and the fourth configuration and the measurement report or a subset thereof) is communicated between the sensing Rx and the network or sensing controller entity via uplink (UL), DL, and / or SL physical data and / or control channels defined within the communication network, such as NR physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), etc. In implementation, one or more configurations or portions of their information elements are communicated via RRC and / or higher layer signaling.

[0284] In implementation, one or more configurations and / or portions of their information elements are communicated between the network and the sensing Rx node via sensing Rx-specific or group-common downlink control information (DCI), and / or broadcast or multicast messages. In implementation, different configurations and / or different information elements within a configuration are communicated via different signaling means (e.g., resources for sensing reference signals and / or information elements containing explicit or implicit background environment information), which may be indicated via RRC or higher layer signaling. In addition, the activation of the sensing operation and the type of processing result may be dynamically defined via DCI, such as on PDCCH, sensing Rx-specific or group-common DCI, MAC control element (CE), etc. In implementation, one or more portions of the configuration described herein or a subset of the information elements therein may be communicated to the sensing Rx node via NAS messages between core network functions. In implementation, the sensing Rx report may be communicated to the core network entity via NAS messages.

[0285] The implementation described herein also enables environmental knowledge-assisted clutter removal via sensing Rx processing. For example, the effects of the background environment include clutter effects that may affect the sensing Rx's observation of the object of interest used for sensing. Therefore, the clutter effect can be estimated and / or constructed at the sensing Rx, and the clutter effect can be subtracted from the received sensing reference signal, and / or filtered and / or separated from the received sensing reference signal at the sensing Rx. The signal after (multiple) subtraction and / or filtering operations can then be used to perform sensing Rx measurements and the generation of sensing results (e.g., according to the third configuration received above).

[0286] In implementation, an estimation of background environment clutter effects may be performed after the transformation of the sensing reference signal to the desired domain, and then a subtraction of the obtained estimate may be performed from the received sensing reference signal. For example, an estimate of the background environment effect may also be generated at the domain to facilitate subtraction. Further measurements and / or processing may then be performed using the filtered and / or subtracted signal in the domain, and sensing measurement results may be generated, such as according to the third configuration received above. In implementation, the domain is a channel power delay profile for a delay range of [1-10] nanoseconds (ns) experienced according to a known time reference at the sensing Rx node. The impact of the background environment may be constructed and subtracted from the estimated power delay profile of the overall channel within a [1-10] ns margin.

[0287] In an implementation, the field may also include the measured CSI values ​​as one or more of a power delay profile, a delay Doppler profile, an angular (azimuth / elevation) power delay profile, a Doppler angle power delay profile, or a combination thereof.

[0288] In an implementation, filtering of background environmental effects includes transforming the received sensing reference signal into a specified domain, and reducing and / or eliminating the obtained CSI components within a specific range in the specified domain. In an implementation, filtering of static and / or long-range clutter effects includes measuring CSI values ​​based on the received sensing reference signal at the sensing Rx node in the delay Doppler domain, and removing components with Doppler frequencies less than 10 Hz and / or delays greater than 20 ns from the measured CSI in the delay Doppler domain.

[0289] In an implementation, the clutter reduction process includes: a combination of one or more of filtering of clutter effects in a first value range of a first transform domain, and subtraction of estimated clutter effects in a second domain. In an implementation, the first step of the clutter reduction process includes: filtering of static and / or long-range clutter effects, the filtering including measuring CSI values ​​based on a received sensing reference signal at a sensing Rx node in a delayed Doppler domain, and removing components with a Doppler frequency less than 10 Hz and / or a delay greater than 20 ns from the measured CSI in the delayed Doppler domain. In addition, in a second step, the process includes: estimating and removing the impact of a moving object (as part of a background environment) with a known velocity and a known position by subtracting the estimated CSI component corresponding to the object from the remaining CSI after the subtraction in the first step in the delayed Doppler CSI domain.

[0290] In an implementation, the specified domain includes conditions according to which reference signal reception, filtering, measurement, clutter and background environmental effect estimation and subtraction are performed. The conditions may include, for example, a position range, an angle range (e.g., [20-80] degrees elevation), a Doppler range, a power range, and combinations thereof.

[0291] Figure 5 A system 500 for radio sensing according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated, and the system 500 supports a configuration for radio sensing. For example, the system 500 represents an example schematic diagram of a clutter effect removal process. The system 500 includes a sensing Tx node 502 and a sensing Rx node 504, and the sensing Rx node 504 is depicted as utilizing background environmental knowledge for clutter removal. In addition, the sensing Rx node 504 receives different sensing reference signals ("sensing RS") from the sensing Tx node 502 through different channels, and performs clutter removal processing 506 on the sensing reference signals. According to implementation, at 508, CSI processing is performed on at least some of the received reference signals. In addition, at 510, sensing measurements are generated based at least in part on the clutter removal 506.

[0292] In implementations, background environmental effects (including clutter effects) are obtained via explicit information exchange with another node (e.g., a sensing controller function or another node according to a received configuration), via processing of a sensing reference signal previously sent from the sensing Tx node 502, or a combination thereof, and are subtracted from the sensing reference signal measurement value in the configured domain at 512. The depicted CSI domain measurement and domain reduction steps may or may not be implemented (e.g., when no CSI measurement is performed prior to the subtraction), and are determined via indications from a network controller entity according to the nature of the sensing operation and the sensing Rx node 504 capabilities and other sensing Rx node capabilities, or autonomously determined by the sensing Rx node 504 according to the received configuration and available time / memory / computational resources. In the system 500, the index (t), ... (t+L) indicates the time instance at which the sensing reference signal is sent by the sensing Tx node 502.

[0293] In implementation, processing associated with the estimation of background environment effects (e.g., processing before subtraction) and post-subtraction processing / measurement can be done adaptively. For example, when new information is received (e.g., a new sensing reference signal or a new segment of a sensing reference signal (e.g., each symbol or resource block belonging to the sensing reference signal) or new information about the background environment (e.g., a new part of a 2D or 3D map)), the values ​​of the pre-subtraction measurement and the post-subtraction measurement can be updated accordingly. In implementation, parameters that assist in determining the adaptive processing strategy at the sensing Rx node are indicated from the network, for example, the time duration that the sensing reference signal input is maintained in the sensing Rx processing step.

[0294] In implementation, all or any subset of elements for implementing the clutter removal step (including the subtraction domain and associated conditions / ranges, the filtering domain and associated conditions / ranges) are indicated by the sensing controller entity, or determined locally using the received configuration and locally available information at the sensing Rx node. The locally available information includes, for example, the sensing Rx location, the sensing Tx location, the history of statistical data and / or measurement parameters, the specified sensing service quality (e.g., latency, accuracy), and the real-time capability of the sensing Rx node for performing the sensing task, or a combination thereof.

[0295] Implementations described herein also enable indicating a relative state of a sensing measurement setup for a first sensing reference signal transmission configuration via one or more sensing excitation relationships relative to a second sensing reference signal transmission configuration. For example, the excitation relationship for sensing is defined relative to two reference signal transmissions and a specific object or set of objects or region of interest for radio sensing via the first reference signal transmission and the second reference signal transmission.

[0296] Figure 6 A system 600 for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated, the system 600 supporting a configuration for radio sensing. The system 600 includes a sensing Tx node 602 and a sensing Tx node 604. The sensing Tx node 602 transmits a reference signal 606a, a reference signal 606b, and a reference signal 606c. In addition, the sensing Tx node 604 transmits a reference signal 608a and a reference signal 606b. In addition, the system 600 includes an area of ​​interest 610 (e.g., a first object of interest) and an area of ​​interest 612 (e.g., a second object of interest).

[0297] Thus, in system 600, the relationship of the reference signal transmission configuration relative to reference signal 606a is depicted. Reference signal 606b shares the same azimuth incidence angle as reference signal 606a transmission, but differs in elevation and spreads the incident energy toward the region of interest 610 with less focus, which may result in higher background ambient reflections. Reference signal 606c shares the same elevation incidence angle as reference signal 606a transmission, but covers only a small portion (e.g., 80%) of the region of interest 610 for sensing due to the tilted beam pattern. Reference signal 608a covers the region of interest for sensing, but has a different azimuth and elevation angle than the sensing Tx node 602. Reference signal 608b is associated with region of interest 612, but is not associated with the first region of interest 610.

[0298] In implementation, the excitation relationship between two reference signals for sensing a scene may be defined according to one or more of the following:

[0299] a. an object illuminated by a first reference signal, for example, the excitation relationship indicates that the second reference signal also illuminates the object similarly to the first reference signal;

[0300] b. Azimuth of the incident wave from the sensing Tx towards the object of interest for sensing;

[0301] c. The elevation angle of the incident wave from the sensing Tx toward the object of interest for sensing;

[0302] d. A portion of the radiation and / or beam energy and / or the radiation and / or beam energy injected into the object of interest for sensing. For example, the same portion or a higher portion of the radiation energy (energy focus) is irradiated to the region of interest.

[0303] e. a portion of the radiation and / or beam energy injected into the relevant background environment for sensing the scene;

[0304] f. a portion of the object of interest for sensing illuminated by the reference signal transmission. For example, the excitation relationship indicates that the second beam illuminates at least 90% of the object of interest;

[0305] g. a portion of the relevant background environment of interest for sensing illuminated by the reference signal transmission;

[0306] h. A quasi co-sited (QCL) type D relationship between the second reference signal transmission and the first reference signal transmission.

[0307] In an implementation, one or more excitation relationships are jointly indicated for a sensing excitation signal in association with one or more reference signal transmissions, for example, a first QCL D-type with a first reference signal, and a second excitation relationship with the first reference signal, and a third excitation relationship with the second reference signal.

[0308] In an embodiment, the defined stimulus relationship is approximate. In some embodiments, in addition to the stimulus relationship indication, an approximate accuracy level is indicated to inform the sensing Rx node of the accuracy of the indicated stimulus relationship, for example, 95% of the measured value and / or with 95% probability.

[0309] In an embodiment, the defined excitation relationship is enhanced with additional information parameters, such as the main beam angle, or one or more side lobe angles, 3 dB beam width for one or more of the side lobes or the main beam, or a combination thereof.

[0310] In an implementation, an excitation relationship may be indicated to define a reference signal transmission configuration of a sensing Rx node for a specific radio sensing scenario, such as: an incident wave of a second reference signal transmission toward an object of interest shares the same azimuth, elevation, and total or normalized energy distribution across the object of interest as a first reference signal transmission, and shares the same azimuth, elevation, and total or normalized energy distribution across background environment elements as a first reference signal transmission.

[0311] In implementations, additional excitation relationships are valid when only a subset of relationships exist, for example, the incident wave of the second reference signal transmission toward the object of interest shares the same azimuth and normalized energy distribution across the object of interest as the first reference signal transmission.

[0312] In an implementation, the indication of one or more incentive relationships is accompanied by a validity period after which the incentive relationship may not be valid, for example, a 2 millisecond validity period for the indicated incentive relationship. In an embodiment, the indication of the incentive relationship is accomplished via an index from a table and / or a codebook, wherein the codebook includes incentive relationships including a combination of the above incentive relationship implementations.

[0313] Implementations described herein additionally provide for configuration of a first CSI measurement to include an indication or configuration of a second CSI measurement and / or a priori known CSI, wherein the first CSI measurement is performed in relation to the second CSI measurement and / or the a priori known CSI. In an embodiment, the CSI measurement is accompanied by a permissibility condition, such as performing the measurement on a portion of the channel for which the condition holds, e.g., receiving a reference signal within a known delay margin from a sensing Tx node to a sensing Rx.

[0314] In implementation, CSI measurements based on the same transmitter node at different time instances, different frequency bands, different Rx filters or angle (azimuth / elevation) ranges of arrival, and / or different Doppler ranges may constitute the first CSI measurement and the second CSI measurement. In implementation, CSI measurements based on different transmitter antenna ports, different transmitter beams, and / or different transmitter nodes may constitute the first CSI measurement and the second CSI measurement. In implementation, a priori known CSI and / or a compressed version thereof is explicitly indicated to the sensing Rx node via a sensing controller, a sensing Tx node, or another RAN node.

[0315] In an implementation, the relative measurement includes an operation between measurement values, such as according to a received configuration. In an implementation, the operation may include subtraction of CSI measurement values, division of CSI measurement values, summation of CSI measurement values, joint quantization and / or compression of CSI measurement values, or a combination thereof. In an implementation, the CSI measurement includes a measurement of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a rank indicator (RI), a channel impulse response, a channel distribution, and / or a response measured across one or more Doppler delay azimuth elevation domains, or a combination thereof.

[0316] In an implementation, the configuration of the relative CSI measurement includes an indication of a phase at which the operation (e.g., subtraction) is to be performed. In an implementation, the phase can be a signal reception phase (e.g., the original received signal and before the CSI measurement). In one such implementation, the relative measurement includes: subtracting the received sensing reference signal from the second CSI measurement from the received reference signal from the first CSI measurement within an azimuth angle range of (e.g., [0,30]) degrees (e.g., a permissibility condition for CSI measurement), and measuring the received RSRP (measurement type) from the subtracted signal.

[0317] In an implementation, the phase in which the operation is to be performed may be a target CSI measurement phase, e.g., a final measurement phase of the same type / metric as the final measurement, wherein the operation (e.g., subtraction) comprises an operation (e.g., subtraction) on the resulting CSI measurement value. In one such implementation, the relative measurement comprises subtracting the measured RSRP value within a Tx-Rx delay range of ns (e.g., [1-3] ns) obtained from the first measurement and the second measurement.

[0318] In an implementation, the stage in which the operation is to be performed may be an intermediate CSI measurement stage, wherein the CSI value after the operation may then be used to generate the expected measurement in the target CSI domain. In one such implementation, the relative measurement includes: subtracting the measured CSI components in the Doppler delay domain in the Doppler range of [0-30] Hz and the delay range of [1-10] ns from the indicated (e.g., known) CSI value in the similar domain, and then calculating RSRP, RSRQ, and RI as the target CSI measurement value based on the subtracted values ​​in the intermediate CSI domain.

[0319] In an implementation, the type of relative CSI measurement desired, including an indication of a phase, a type of operation, and a permissibility condition, or a combination thereof, may be indicated via one or more indexes from one or more tables / codebooks including possible combinations of phases, operations, and permissibility conditions.

[0320] In an implementation, the indication of the third configuration of the expected receiver signal processing / measurement for the received sensing reference signal includes an indication of a measurement threshold for determining the sensing result. In an implementation, the threshold is indicated jointly with the measurement type, the measurement domain, or a combination thereof. In at least one implementation, an energy threshold is indicated for determining the presence of an object to be measured over the indicated time / frequency resources and the indicated angular range. In at least some implementations, the threshold will be applied to the indicated relative CSI measurement, for example, a measurement within an allowable domain of residual energy after subtraction / clutter removal.

[0321] Figure 7An example of a block diagram 700 of a device 702 (e.g., an apparatus) supporting configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The device 702 may be an example of a UE 104 described herein. The device 702 may support wireless communications with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 702 may include components for bidirectional communications, including components for sending communications and receiving communications, such as a processor 704, a memory 706, a transceiver 708, and an I / O controller 710. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., a bus).

[0322] The processor 704, the memory 706, the transceiver 708, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure described herein. For example, the processor 704, the memory 706, the transceiver 708, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more operations described herein.

[0323] In some implementations, the processor 704, the memory 706, the transceiver 708, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit system). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 704 and the memory 706 coupled to the processor 704 may be configured to perform one or more functions described herein (e.g., the processor 704 executes instructions stored in the memory 706). In the context of the UE 104, for example, the transceiver 708 and the processor coupled to the transceiver 708 are configured to cause the UE 104 to perform various described operations and / or combinations thereof.

[0324] For example, the processor 704 and / or the transceiver 708 may support wireless communication at the device 702 according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the processor 704 and / or the transceiver 708 may be configured to and / or otherwise support components for: receiving a first indication including a reference signal configuration, a second indication including acquisition information for background environment attributes, and a third indication including a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements; and performing one or more of the following based on the received first indication, the second indication, and the third indication: receiving one or more reference signals; obtaining background environment attributes based at least in part on the one or more reference signals and the second indication; or generating one or more radio sensing measurements based at least in part on one or more of the reference signal configuration from the first indication, the obtained background environment attributes, the second indication, or the measurement configuration from the third indication.

[0325] In addition, in some implementations, the measurement configuration includes information for generating one or more radio sensing measurements based at least in part on background environment attributes; the processor is configured to receive one or more reference signals from at least one of the following based on the first indication: a device that sends one or more of the first indication, the second indication, or the third indication; or a device different from the device that sends one or more of the first indication, the second indication, or the third indication; the reference signal configuration includes at least one of the following: one or more reference signals are sent via the waveform according to a waveform type or one or more of a waveform definition parameter set of the waveform; a resource set, one or more reference signals are sent on the resource set according to the waveform; one or more transmit beams or radiation patterns, one or more reference signals are sent through the transmit beam or the radiation pattern; transmit power, one or more reference signals are sent according to the transmit power; one or more sequence types or physical resource mapping types, one or more reference signals are generated based on the sequence type or the physical resource mapping type; or a location of a transmitting node, one or more reference signals are sent from the transmitting node.

[0326] In addition, in some implementations, the resource set on which one or more reference signals are sent includes one or more time-frequency resources for a CP-OFDM waveform; the acquisition information for background environment attributes includes at least one of the following: a resource set, the resource set including at least one of a time resource set, a frequency resource set, or a beam resource set for receiving background environment attributes; or one or more types of background environment attributes embedded in the resource set, wherein the one or more types of background environment attributes include at least one of one or more data types or one or more format types; the one or more types of background environment attributes include at least one of the following: one or more of an object identifier or a group object identifier; one or more object features, including at least one of object location, object speed, object radar cross-section pattern, object shape, object type, object orientation, object composition, or object texture; a map of the background environment; one or more channel state information (CSI) measurements, including at least a portion of the background environment effect and an indication of the CSI measurement type; one or more of compressed values ​​or quantized values ​​for the background environment attributes; or one or more statistical measurements of the background environment attributes.

[0327] In addition, in some implementations, the acquired information for background environment attributes includes at least one of the following: one or more second configurations, which define one or more reference signals received from a second device according to a reference signal configuration of a first indication in addition to the received one or more reference signals; one or more third configurations, which define one or more reference signals received from a third device; or a subset of time-frequency resources defined within the reference signal configuration received together with the first indication; one or more second configurations and one or more third configurations include one or more of a time resource set, a frequency resource set, a beam resource set, a transmit beam, a radiation pattern, a waveform, a transmit position, or a transmit power; the acquired information for background environment attributes includes status information, which includes at least one of the following: an indication of one or more states of one or more objects within the background environment; or an indication of one or more states of one or more target objects.

[0328] In addition, in some implementations, the acquisition information for the background environment attribute includes one or more of the following: an indication of one or more reference signal receptions for which the state information is valid; or a time pattern (e.g., an initial time, a time duration, and / or a time pattern within one or more indicated reference signals) for which the state information is valid (e.g., for which the reference signal reception in the background environment is blocked, during which and / or during the reference signal reception, there is no object of interest); the processor is also configured to receive the state information after the one or more reference signals; the processor is also configured to receive a fourth indication, the fourth indication including: instructions for performing one or more of quantization or compression on at least one of the following to generate one or more of quantized values ​​or compressed values: one or more reference signals or one or more radio sensing measurements; and instructions for storing one or more of the following: quantized values, compressed values, or one or more radio sensing measurements, and the time pattern for which the state information is valid; the processor is also configured to receive the state information before the one or more reference signals.

[0329] In addition, in some implementations, the first indication including the reference signal configuration includes an excitation relationship for radio sensing relative to a known reference signal configuration; the excitation relationship for radio sensing is based on at least one of: illumination of the region of interest; an azimuth of an incident wave toward one or more of the regions of interest or objects of interest for sensing; an elevation of an incident wave toward one or more of the regions of interest or objects of interest for sensing; a portion of one or more of the radiation or beam energy excited to one or more of the regions of interest or objects of interest for sensing; a portion of one or more of the radiation or beam energy excited to a background environment for a sensing scene; a portion of one or more of the regions of interest or objects of interest for sensing illuminated by one or more reference signals; or a portion of the background environment of interest for sensing illuminated by one or more reference signals.

[0330] In addition, in some implementations, the third indication including the measurement configuration for the radio sensing measurement includes at least one of the following: an indication of one or more spatial filters to be used for receiving the one or more reference signals; one or more sensing information results to be generated from the radio sensing measurement and the background environment attributes; one or more of the sensing service quality or key performance indicators to be considered for the information output of the one or more radio sensing measurements; one or more conditions according to which the first radio sensing measurement is to be performed when the second radio sensing measurement result occurs (e.g., a condition on the result of the radio sensing measurement, based on which other sensing measurements and / or measurement results are indicated / requested, for example, when the object is detected with a probability of X, then object localization is performed); or one or more conditions on the quality of the information output of the first radio sensing measurement when the second radio sensing measurement result occurs (e.g., a condition on the result of the radio sensing measurement, based on which other sensing measurements and / or measurement results are indicated / requested, for example, when the object is detected with a probability of X, then object localization is performed); He senses the quality of the measurement and / or the measurement results, for example, when an object is detected in a specific area, positioning is performed with higher accuracy. For example, if the object is present in a specific sensitive area, the positioning error is less than 0.1 meters, otherwise less than 1 meter, with 99% confidence); at least some types of the information output include at least one of the following: one or more of the one or more reference signals received that are quantized or compressed; one or more channel state information (CSI) measurements obtained from the one or more reference signals received; one or more of the deterministic inferences or statistical inferences of the presence of the object of interest; one or more of the deterministic knowledge or statistical knowledge of the position of the object of interest; one or more of the deterministic knowledge or statistical knowledge of the velocity of the object of interest; one or more of the deterministic knowledge or statistical knowledge of the RCS of the object of interest; or one or more of the deterministic knowledge or statistical knowledge of at least one of the type, shape, composition, or posture of the object of interest.

[0331] In addition, in some implementations, the measurement configuration for the radio sensing measurement is based at least in part on: an indication of a first CSI measurement for a first reference signal relative to one or more of the following: a second CSI measurement for a second reference signal; or one or more indicated CSI measurement values; the indication of the first CSI measurement relative to the second CSI measurement includes one or more of the following: a first CSI measurement type; an operation type; or an operation phase; the CSI measurement type includes measurements according to at least one of the following: a delay domain (e.g., a component of the CSI for different delay values, all delay values, or a set of delay values, based on a known / shared time reference between the sensing Tx node and the sensing Rx node (e.g., a received sensing RS power, a CSI matrix, or a transform thereof)); an angle-azimuth domain (e.g., based on a global or local or known coordinate system, components of CSI for different values, all values, or a set of values ​​of arrival azimuth (e.g., received sensing RS power, CSI matrix, or a transform thereof); one or more of angle-elevation or zenith domains (e.g., according to a global or local or known coordinate system, components of CSI for different values, all values, or a set of values ​​of arrival elevation / zenith angle (e.g., received sensing RS power, CSI matrix, or a transform thereof); Doppler domain (e.g., using a known frequency reference for sensing the Rx node, components of CSI for different values, all values, or a set of values ​​of Doppler frequency shift (e.g., received sensing RS power, CSI matrix, or a transform thereof); power domain (e.g., RSRQ, RSSI, RSRP); rank measurement (e.g., RI); quantized value of CSI measurement; compressed value of CSI measurement; or summation of CSI measurements.

[0332] In addition, in some implementations, the operation phase includes at least one of the following: a signal reception phase (e.g., wherein a reference signal received according to the configured two or more reference signals is quantized and / or stored and / or synchronized (e.g., relative to a known time and / or frequency reference of the first device) and used for the indicated operation); a CSI measurement type similar to the first CSI measurement type; or a second CSI measurement type different from the first CSI measurement type; the operation type includes at least one of the following: subtraction of CSI measurement values; filtering of the first CSI measurement according to the presence of non-zero of the second CSI measurement (e.g., not considering the first CSI measurement type); The method may include: determining a CSI value in a delay-Doppler domain of a CSI measurement for which the second CSI measurement maintains a value exceeding an indicated threshold value); dividing the first CSI measurement by the second CSI measurement; summing the first CSI measurement with the second CSI measurement; one or more of stacking or aggregating the first CSI measurement with the second CSI measurement (e.g., by enhancing the CSI measurement from the first angular segment and the second CSI measurement from the second angular segment to obtain measurements over a larger angular range); or one or more of joint quantization or compression of the first CSI measurement with the second CSI measurement (e.g., via vector quantization of the stacked values).

[0333] In addition, in some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a fourth indication, the fourth indication including a configuration for sending a sensing measurement report based at least in part on one or more radio sensing measurements; and send the sensing measurement report based at least in part on the fourth indication; the fourth indication includes at least one of the following: a time resource, a frequency resource, and a beam resource set for transmission of the sensing measurement report; a criterion for transmission of the sensing measurement report; or a type of information to be included in the sensing measurement report; the third indication including a measurement configuration for the radio sensing measurement includes one or more sensing information results to be generated from the radio sensing measurement and the background environment attributes, and wherein the one or more sensing information results include a modification of a feature of one or more objects of interest or background environment elements, for example, a modification of a location, shape, orientation, presence, and / or a blocking event. Various details discussed in this section with reference to device 702 may also apply to device 802 described below. In addition, the processor 704 of device 702 (such as UE 104) may support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. Processor 704 includes at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and is configured or operable to cause the processor to perform various operations described herein, including at least the operations described above with reference to device 702 .

[0334] The processor 704 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 704 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 704. The processor 704 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 706) to cause the device 702 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0335] The memory 706 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 706 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code, including instructions that, when executed by the processor 704, cause the device 702 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 704, but may cause the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 706 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0336] I / O controller 710 can manage input signals and output signals for device 702. I / O controller 710 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 2402. In some implementations, I / O controller 710 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some implementations, I / O controller 710 can utilize an operating system, such as Or another known operating system. In some implementations, I / O controller 710 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as processor M08. In some implementations, a user may interact with device 702 via I / O controller 710 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 710.

[0338] In some implementations, the device 702 may include a single antenna 712. However, in some other implementations, the device 702 may have more than one antenna 712 (e.g., multiple antennas), including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be able to simultaneously send or receive multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 708 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 712, wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 708 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 708 may also include a modem to modulate packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 712 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from one or more antennas 712.

[0339] Figure 8 An example of a block diagram 800 of a device 802 (e.g., an apparatus) supporting configuration for radio sensing according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The device 802 may be an example of a network entity 102 described herein. The device 802 may support wireless communications with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 802 may include components for bidirectional communication, including components for sending communications and receiving communications, such as a processor 804, a memory 806, a transceiver 808, and an I / O controller 810. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operably, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., a bus).

[0340] The processor 804, the memory 806, the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure described herein. For example, the processor 804, the memory 806, the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more operations described herein.

[0341] In some implementations, the processor 804, the memory 806, the transceiver 808, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit system). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 804 and the memory 806 coupled to the processor 804 may be configured to perform one or more functions described herein (e.g., the processor 804 executes instructions stored in the memory 806). In the context of the UE 104, for example, the transceiver 808 and the processor coupled to the transceiver 808 are configured to cause the UE 104 to perform various described operations and / or combinations thereof.

[0342] For example, processor 804 and / or transceiver 808 may support wireless communications at device 802 according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the processor 804 and / or the transceiver 808 may be configured to and / or otherwise support a component for receiving one or more indications, the indication comprising one or more of: a first indication comprising a reference signal configuration; a second indication comprising acquisition information for background environment attributes; a third indication comprising a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements; a fourth indication comprising a configuration for receiving sensing measurement reports; a fifth indication comprising a configuration for processing the obtained sensing measurements; or a sixth indication comprising a configuration for generating and sending reports; and performing one or more of the following based on one or more received indications: receiving one or more radio sensing measurements; obtaining background environment attributes based at least in part on the received sensing measurements or one or more of the received second indications; performing processing on the received radio sensing measurements based at least in part on the received sensing measurements, the received fifth indication, or one or more of the obtained background attributes; or generating and sending a report, wherein the report is generated at least in part based on the processing performed on the received sensing measurements and is sent at least in part based on the received sixth indication.

[0343] In an implementation related to the fifth indication discussed above, such as according to a configuration received at a sensing Rx node, the sensing Rx node receives a sensing reference signal and can measure the received energy at a delay angle interval corresponding to the region of interest for sensing according to a globally or locally known coordinate system to the sensing Rx node. The sensing Rx node can send a report to a processor node according to the received report configuration. The processor node can obtain the received measurement report, obtain background attributes (e.g., when the sensing target does not exist in the region of interest for sensing, the expected total energy based on previous measurements and / or indications of another sensing node) and determine whether the target object exists in the region of interest for sensing. In this example, the sensing Rx node may or may not obtain and / or utilize background environment features. The attributes can be completed only at the processor node, or jointly at the sensing Rx node and the processor node.

[0344] In another example, the processor 804 and / or the transceiver 808 may support wireless communication at the device 802 according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the processor 804 and / or the transceiver 808 may be configured to and / or otherwise support components for: sending a first indication including a reference signal configuration to a second device; sending a second indication including acquisition information for background environment attributes to the second device; sending a third indication including a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurement to the second device; and receiving a measurement report from the second device, the measurement report including a radio sensing measurement configured at least in part based on one or more of the reference signal configuration, the acquisition information for the background environment attributes, or the measurement configuration for the radio sensing measurement.

[0345] In another example, the processor 804 and / or the transceiver 808 can support wireless communications at the device 802 according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the processor 804 and / or the transceiver 808 can be configured to and / or support various indications and communications described above with reference to the device 702.

[0346] The processor 804 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 804 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 804. The processor 804 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 806) to cause the device 802 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0347] The memory 806 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 806 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code, including instructions that, when executed by the processor 804, cause the device 802 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 804, but may cause the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 806 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0348] I / O controller 810 can manage input signals and output signals for device 802. I / O controller 810 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 2402. In some implementations, I / O controller 810 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some implementations, I / O controller 810 can utilize an operating system, such as Or another known operating system. In some implementations, I / O controller 810 can be implemented as part of a processor, such as processor M08. In some implementations, a user can interact with device 802 via I / O controller 810 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 810.

[0350] In some implementations, the device 802 may include a single antenna 812. However, in some other implementations, the device 802 may have more than one antenna 812 (e.g., multiple antennas), including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be able to simultaneously send or receive multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 808 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 812, wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 808 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 808 may also include a modem to modulate packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 812 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from one or more antennas 812.

[0351] Fig. 9 A flow chart of a method 900 for supporting configuration for radio sensing according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a UE 104, as described in reference to Figures 1 to 8In some implementations, a device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, a device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0352] At 902, the method may include receiving a first indication including a reference signal configuration, a second indication including acquisition information for a background environment attribute, and a third indication including a measurement configuration for a radio sensing measurement. The operations of 902 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 902 may be performed by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0353] At 904, the method may include performing one or more operations based on the received first indication, second indication, and third indication. The operations of 904 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 904 may be performed by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0354] At 906, the method may include receiving one or more reference signals. The operations of 906 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 906 may be performed by reference signals. Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0355] At 908, the method may include obtaining a background environment attribute based at least in part on the one or more reference signals and the second indication. The operations of 908 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 908 may be performed by reference signals. Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0356] At 910, the method may include generating one or more radio sensing measurements based at least in part on one or more of a reference signal configuration from the first indication, an obtained background environment attribute, the second indication, or a measurement configuration from the third indication. The operations of 910 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0357] Fig.10 A flow chart of a method 1000 for supporting configuration for radio sensing according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 104, as described in reference to Figures 1 to 8In some implementations, a device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, a device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0358] At 1002, the method may include receiving a fourth indication including a configuration for sending a sensing measurement report based at least in part on one or more radio sensing measurements. The operations of 1002 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1002 may be implemented by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0359] At 1004, the method may include sending a sensing measurement report based at least in part on the fourth indication. The operations of 1004 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1004 may be implemented by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0360] Fig.11 A flow chart of a method 1100 for supporting configuration for radio sensing according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by the devices described herein or components thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by the network entity 102, as described in reference to Figures 1 to 8 In some implementations, a device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, a device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0361] At 1102, the method may include receiving one or more indications, the indications including one or more of: a first indication including a reference signal configuration; a second indication including acquisition information for background environment attributes; a third indication including a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements; a fourth indication including a configuration for receiving sensing measurement reports; a fifth indication including a configuration for processing acquired sensing measurements; or a sixth indication including a configuration for generating and sending reports. The operations of 1102 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1102 may be performed by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0362] At 1104, the method may include performing one or more of the following based on the received one or more indications: receiving one or more radio sensing measurements; obtaining background environment attributes based at least in part on the received sensing measurements or one or more of the received second indications; performing processing on the received radio sensing measurements based at least in part on the received sensing measurements, the received fifth indication, or one or more of the obtained background attributes; or generating and sending a report, wherein the report is generated based at least in part on the processing performed on the received sensing measurements and is sent based at least in part on the received sixth indication. The operations of 1104 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1104 may be performed by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0363] Fig.12 A flow chart of a method 1200 for supporting configuration for radio sensing according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by the devices described herein or components thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by the network entity 102, as described in reference to Figures 1 to 8 In some implementations, a device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0364] At 1202, the method may include sending a first indication including a reference signal configuration from a first device to a second device. The operations of 1202 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1202 may be performed by reference Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0365] At 1204, the method may include sending a second indication including acquisition information for the background environment attribute to the second device. The operation of 1204 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of 1204 may be performed by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0366] At 1206, the method may include sending a third indication including a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements to the second device. The operations of 1206 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1206 may be implemented by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0367] At 1208, the method may include receiving a measurement report from the second device, the measurement report including radio sensing measurements configured at least in part based on one or more of a reference signal configuration, acquisition information for background environment attributes, or a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements. The operations of 1208 may be performed according to the examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1208 may be performed by reference to Figure 1 The device described is used to perform the

[0368] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0369] The various illustrative blocks and components disclosed in conjunction with this document may be implemented or performed using a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0370] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on a computer-readable medium or sent via a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or any combination of these. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0371] Computer-readable media include non-transient computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that helps to transfer a computer program from one place to another. Non-transient storage media can be any available medium, which can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer. By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or any other non-transient medium, which can be used to carry or store required program code components in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer, or a general or special-purpose processor.

[0372] Any connection can be appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is sent from a website, server or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio and microwave), the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio and microwave) is included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disks and optical discs used herein include CDs, laser optical discs, optical optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks and blue discs, wherein disks usually reproduce data magnetically, and optical discs use lasers to reproduce data optically. The above combination is also included in the scope of computer-readable media.

[0373] As used herein, including as used in the claims, "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items beginning with a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of" or "one or both of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (e.g., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on". In addition, as used herein, including as used in the claims, a "set" may include one or more elements.

[0374] The terms "transmit," "receive," or "communicate," when referring to a network entity, may refer to any part of a network entity of a RAN (e.g., base station, CU, DU, RU) that communicates with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities).

[0375] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "better than other examples." For the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0376] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be given the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: receiving a first indication including a reference signal configuration, a second indication including acquisition information for a background environment attribute, and a third indication including a measurement configuration for a radio sensing measurement; and Based on the received first indication, the second indication, and the third indication, one or more of the following are performed: receiving one or more reference signals; Obtaining a background environment attribute based at least in part on the one or more reference signals and the second indication; or One or more radio sensing measurements are generated based at least in part on one or more of the reference signal configuration from the first indication, the obtained background environment attribute, the second indication, or the measurement configuration from the third indication.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration comprises: Information for generating the one or more radio sensing measurements based at least in part on the background environment attribute.

3. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to receive the one or more reference signals based on the first indication from at least one of: a device for sending one or more of the first indication, the second indication, or the third indication; or A device different from a device that sends one or more of the first indication, the second indication, or the third indication.

4. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the reference signal configuration comprises at least one of the following: The one or more reference signals are transmitted via the waveform according to one or more of a waveform type or a set of waveform definition parameters of the waveform; a set of resources, the one or more reference signals being transmitted on the set of resources according to the waveform; one or more of a transmit beam or a radiation pattern, the one or more reference signals being transmitted via the transmit beam or the radiation pattern; a transmit power according to which the one or more reference signals are transmitted; One or more of a sequence type or a physical resource mapping type, based on which the one or more reference signals are generated; or The location of a sending node from which the one or more reference signals are sent.

5. The UE of claim 4, wherein the set of resources on which the one or more reference signals are transmitted comprises: One or more time-frequency resources for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.

6. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the acquired information for background environment attributes comprises at least one of the following: A resource set, the resource set comprising at least one of a time resource set, a frequency resource set, or a beam resource set for receiving the background environment attribute; or The one or more types of context attributes embedded in the resource collection, wherein the one or more types of context attributes include at least one of one or more data types or one or more format types.

7. The UE according to claim 6, wherein the one or more types of the background environment attributes include at least one of the following: one or more of an object identifier or a group object identifier; one or more object characteristics, the one or more object characteristics comprising at least one of an object location, an object velocity, an object radar cross section pattern, an object shape, an object type, an object orientation, an object composition, or an object texture; A map of the background environment; one or more channel state information (CSI) measurements, the one or more CSI measurements comprising at least a portion of background environmental effects and an indication of a CSI measurement type; one or more of a compressed value or a quantized value for said background environment attribute; or One or more statistical measures of properties of the background environment.

8. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the acquired information for background environment attributes comprises at least one of the following: one or more second configurations defining one or more reference signals received from a second device according to the reference signal configuration of the first indication in addition to the one or more received reference signals; one or more third configurations, the one or more third configurations defining one or more reference signals received from a third device; or A subset of time-frequency resources defined within the reference signal configuration received with the first indication.

9. The UE according to claim 8, wherein the one or more second configurations and the one or more third configurations include one or more of a time resource set, a frequency resource set, a beam resource set, a transmit beam, a radiation pattern, a waveform, a transmit position, or a transmit power.

10. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the acquired information for background environment attributes comprises state information, and the state information comprises at least one of the following: an indication of one or more states of one or more objects within the context; or An indication of one or more states of one or more target objects.

11. The UE according to claim 10, wherein the acquired information for background environment attributes comprises one or more of the following: an indication of one or more reference signal receptions for which the status information is valid; or A time mode for which the status information is valid. 12 . The UE of claim 11 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to receive the state information after the one or more reference signals.

13. The UE according to claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to receive a fourth indication, the fourth indication comprising: instructions to perform one or more of quantization or compression on at least one of: the one or more reference signals or the one or more radio sensing measurements to generate one or more of quantized values ​​or compressed values; as well as Instructions to store one or more of: the quantized value, the compressed value, or the one or more radio sensing measurements, and the temporal pattern for which the state information is valid.

14. The UE of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to receive the state information prior to the one or more reference signals.

15. The UE of claim 10, wherein the first indication comprising a reference signal configuration comprises a stimulus relationship for radio sensing relative to a known reference signal configuration.

16. The UE of claim 15, wherein the incentive relationship for radio sensing is based on at least one of: Irradiation of the region of interest; an azimuth of an incident wave toward one or more of an area of ​​interest or an object of interest for sensing; an elevation angle of an incident wave toward one or more of an area of ​​interest or an object of interest for sensing; a portion of one or more of the radiation or beam energy that is excited to one or more of a region of interest or an object of interest for sensing; a portion of one or more of the radiation or beam energy excited to the background environment of the sensing scene; a portion of one or more of an area of ​​interest or an object of interest for sensing illuminated by the one or more reference signals; or A portion of a background environment of interest for sensing that is illuminated by the one or more reference signals.

17. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the third indication including the measurement configuration for radio sensing measurement comprises at least one of the following: an indication of one or more spatial filters to be used for reception of the one or more reference signals; one or more sensing information results generated from the radio sensing measurements and the background environment attributes; one or more of a sensing quality of service or a key performance indicator to be considered for information output of the one or more radio sensing measurements; one or more conditions according to which the first radio sensing measurement is to be performed when the second radio sensing measurement result occurs; or One or more conditions regarding the quality of information output of the first radio sensing measurement when the second radio sensing measurement occurs.

18. A processor for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receiving a first indication including a reference signal configuration, a second indication including acquisition information for a background environment attribute, and a third indication including a measurement configuration for a radio sensing measurement; and Based on the received first indication, the second indication, and the third indication, one or more of the following are performed: receiving one or more reference signals; Obtaining a background environment attribute based at least in part on the one or more reference signals and the second indication; or One or more radio sensing measurements are generated based at least in part on one or more of the reference signal configuration from the first indication, the obtained background environment attribute, the second indication, or the measurement configuration from the third indication.

19. A base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to: Receive one or more indications, the one or more indications comprising one or more of the following: a first indication, the first indication comprising a reference signal configuration; A second indication, wherein the second indication includes acquisition information for a background environment attribute; a third indication comprising a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements; a fourth indication, the fourth indication comprising a configuration for reception of a sensing measurement report; a fifth indication including a configuration for processing of the obtained sensed measurements; or a sixth instruction, the sixth instruction comprising a configuration for generating and sending a report; as well as Based on the one or more received instructions, perform one or more of the following: receiving one or more radio sensing measurements; obtaining a contextual environment attribute based at least in part on one or more of the received sensed measurements or the received second indication; performing processing on the received radio sensing measurements based at least in part on one or more of the received sensing measurements, the received fifth indication, or the obtained background attributes; or A report is generated and sent, wherein the report is generated based at least in part on the processing performed on the received sensed measurements and is sent based at least in part on the received sixth indication.

20. A base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to: sending a first indication including a reference signal configuration to a user equipment (UE); Sending a second indication including acquisition information for background environment attributes to the UE; sending a third indication including a measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements to the UE; as well as A measurement report is received from the UE, the measurement report comprising radio sensing measurements configured based at least in part on one or more of the reference signal configuration, the acquired information for background environment attributes, or the measurement configuration for radio sensing measurements.

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