An electron accelerator

Abstract

The application discloses an electronic accelerator, and relates to the technical field of electronic accelerators. The electronic accelerator comprises a transistor microwave source, an amplification circuit and an acceleration tube. The transistor microwave source is used for generating radio frequency power; the amplification circuit comprises an input end and an output end, the input end is connected with the transistor microwave source, and the amplification circuit is used for amplifying the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source to preset power; the acceleration tube comprises an acceleration cavity, and the output end is connected with the acceleration cavity so as to transmit the preset power to the acceleration cavity. The electronic accelerator disclosed by the application can realize the miniaturization of the whole electronic accelerator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to, but is not limited to, the field of electron accelerator technology, and in particular to an electron accelerator. Background Technology

[0002] An electron accelerator is a type of resonant accelerator that uses high radio frequency power to accelerate an electron beam. The high-frequency electromagnetic field generated by the radio frequency power source enables electrons to gain energy in the electric field and accelerate.

[0003] In related technologies, high-power radio frequency power sources are generally isoelectronic vacuum devices such as klystrons and magnetrons, because these microwave sources driven by electron beams can easily generate megawatt-level high-power pulsed microwaves, thus providing sufficient power to multi-cavity chain-coupled accelerator tubes. However, the power transmission system of such electron accelerators is relatively complex, and the high-voltage pulse modulator is large, resulting in an excessively large size of the electron accelerator. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The electron accelerator provided in this application enables the miniaturization of the entire electron accelerator system.

[0005] This application provides an electron accelerator, which includes a transistor microwave source, an amplifier circuit, and an accelerating tube. The transistor microwave source is used to generate radio frequency power; the amplifier circuit includes an input terminal and an output terminal, the input terminal being connected to the transistor microwave source, and the amplifier circuit is used to amplify the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source to a preset power; the accelerating tube includes an accelerating cavity, and the output terminal is connected to the accelerating cavity to transmit the preset power to the accelerating cavity.

[0006] The electron accelerator provided in this application connects a transistor microwave source to an accelerating cavity via an amplification circuit. The transistor microwave source can generate low-power radio frequency (RF) power in the hundreds of watts range. After the RF power is input to the amplification circuit, it is amplified stage by stage until it reaches the RF input value required by the accelerator before being input into the accelerating cavity, where it accelerates electrons. Due to the small size of the transistor microwave source, the complex power transmission system and the bulky high-voltage pulse modulator found in related technologies can be omitted, thereby achieving miniaturization of the entire accelerator.

[0007] In one possible implementation of this application, the electron accelerator further includes a coupling ring connected to the output terminal and to the cavity wall of the accelerating cavity, so as to couple the amplifier circuit and the accelerating cavity.

[0008] In one possible implementation of this application, the cavity wall of the acceleration cavity includes a coupling opening, and a coupling ring passes through the coupling opening and is connected to the acceleration cavity; the coupling ring includes a conductor portion and a coupling portion; at least a portion of the conductor portion is located outside the acceleration cavity and is used to connect to the output terminal; the coupling portion is located inside the acceleration cavity.

[0009] In one possible implementation of this application, the electron accelerator includes at least a first operating mode to generate a magnetic field along a first direction, wherein the extension direction of the coupling portion remains perpendicular to the first direction.

[0010] In one possible implementation of this application, the conductor portion is movably connected to the coupling opening, and the conductor portion moves relative to the coupling opening to change the distance between the end face of the conductor portion and the coupling opening.

[0011] In one possible implementation of this application, there are multiple accelerating cavities, each of which is independently configured with an amplifier circuit and a transistor microwave source.

[0012] In one possible implementation of this application, the electron accelerator further includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the coupling loops via an amplifier circuit and is used to control the operating modes of the multiple coupling loops.

[0013] In one possible implementation of this application, the accelerating tube includes a beam aperture for transmitting electrons; the coupling ring and the beam aperture are disposed on different cavity walls of the accelerating cavity.

[0014] In one possible implementation of this application, the diameter of the beam aperture is less than or equal to 1 cm and greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0015] In one possible implementation of this application, the amplifier circuit includes at least one of the following devices: a power detection device for detecting the power of the amplifier circuit; a temperature detection device for detecting the temperature of the amplifier circuit; and an excitation protection device for disconnecting the amplifier circuit and the coupling ring when the amplifier circuit is in an abnormal state. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 The amplification steps of the amplification circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of an electron accelerator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the accelerator tube and coupling ring provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electron accelerator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the accelerating tube of the electron accelerator provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure label:

[0022] 1-Transistor microwave source; 2-Amplifier circuit; 21-Input terminal; 22-Output terminal; 3-Accelerating tube; 31-Accelerating cavity; 311-Coupled opening; 32-Beam aperture; 4-Coupled ring; 41-Conductor section; 411-First conductor; 412-Second conductor; 42-Coupled section; 43-End face; 5-Control system. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the specific technical solutions of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this application, but are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0024] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0025] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are defined relative to the positions in which the components are schematically placed in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the position of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0026] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0027] In embodiments of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0028] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0029] An electron accelerator is a type of resonant accelerator that uses high radio frequency power to accelerate an electron beam. The high-frequency electromagnetic field generated by the radio frequency power source enables electrons to gain energy in the electric field and accelerate.

[0030] In related technologies, high-power radio frequency power sources are generally isoelectronic vacuum devices such as klystrons and magnetrons, because these microwave sources driven by electron beams can easily generate megawatt-level high-power pulsed microwaves, thus providing sufficient power to multi-cavity chain-coupled accelerator tubes. However, the power transmission system of such electron accelerators is relatively complex, and the high-voltage pulse modulator is large, resulting in an excessively large size of the electron accelerator.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This application provides an electron accelerator, which includes a transistor microwave source 1, an amplifier circuit 2, and an accelerating tube 3. The transistor microwave source 1 is used to generate radio frequency power; the amplifier circuit 2 includes an input terminal 21 and an output terminal 22, the input terminal 21 is connected to the transistor microwave source 1, and the amplifier circuit 2 is used to amplify the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source 1 to a preset power; the accelerating tube 3 includes an accelerating cavity 31, and the output terminal 22 is connected to the accelerating cavity 31 to transmit the preset power to the accelerating cavity 31.

[0032] In this embodiment, the transistor microwave source 1 is used to generate radio frequency power. Compared with electronic vacuum device amplifiers such as klystrons, solid-state amplifier power sources such as transistor microwave sources 1 have advantages such as good linear amplification, small size, light weight, high efficiency, easy integration, low operating temperature, low operating voltage, long life, high reliability, and convenient installation and maintenance.

[0033] In this embodiment, the amplifier circuit 2 is used to amplify the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source 1 to a preset power. The preset power can be understood as the power required for the accelerating tube 3 to efficiently accelerate electrons. The specific parameters of the preset power are adjusted according to the working requirements of the electron accelerator.

[0034] Reference Figure 2In this embodiment of the application, the amplifier circuit 2 includes an input terminal 21 and an output terminal 22. The input terminal 21 is connected to the transistor microwave source 1 and is used to transmit the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source 1 to the amplifier circuit 2. The radio frequency power is amplified step by step in the amplifier circuit 2 and then output by the output terminal 22. Since the output terminal 22 is connected to the acceleration cavity 31, the amplified radio frequency power can be transmitted to the acceleration tube 3 through the output terminal 22.

[0035] In this embodiment, the amplifier circuit 2 typically consists of multiple amplification stages, including an RF input stage, a gain amplification stage, a drive amplification stage, and a final amplification stage. Each amplification stage contains electronic components such as transistors, inductors, and capacitors to amplify and transmit signals. Microwave RF input is fed into the amplifier circuit 2, where it undergoes gain amplification, drive amplification, and final amplification, ultimately reaching the power required by the accelerating cavity 31 before RF output.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 For example, in this embodiment of the application, the radio frequency (RF) input is the starting point of the amplifier circuit 2, which introduces the RF power generated by the transistor microwave source 1 into the amplifier circuit 2. At the RF input stage, a highly sensitive RF receiver is typically used to capture and receive the RF signal and convert it into an electrical signal that the circuit can process.

[0037] Furthermore, the gain amplification stage is the first amplification stage in amplifier circuit 2. Its main function is to perform preliminary amplification of the radio frequency input signal. In the gain amplification stage, transistors with high gain characteristics are used as amplifying elements to achieve amplification of the radio frequency signal.

[0038] Furthermore, the drive amplification stage is an intermediate stage in amplifier circuit 2. The drive amplification is used to further amplify the signal output from the gain amplification stage and provide it with sufficient drive power. In the drive amplification stage, transistors with high output power and high stability are typically used as amplifying elements to ensure stable signal transmission and amplification.

[0039] Furthermore, the final amplification stage is the last amplification stage in amplifier circuit 2. In the final amplification stage, transistors or power amplifiers with high power output capability are used as amplification elements to further amplify the signal driving the output of the amplification stage to the RF input value required by the accelerator.

[0040] In this embodiment, the accelerating cavity 31 can be elliptical, cylindrical, circular, or other shapes, and this application does not limit its shape. The accelerating tube 3 can be made of copper, ceramic, or other materials, and this application does not limit the material of the accelerating tube 3.

[0041] The electron accelerator of this embodiment connects a transistor microwave source 1 to an accelerating cavity 31 via an amplifier circuit 2. The transistor microwave source 1 can generate low-power radio frequency (RF) power in the hundreds of watts range. After the RF power is input to the amplifier circuit 2, it is amplified stage by stage until it reaches the RF input value required by the accelerator, and then input to the accelerating cavity 31, which accelerates the electrons. Because the transistor microwave source 1 is small in size, the complex power transmission system and the large high-voltage pulse modulator in related technologies can be omitted, thereby achieving miniaturization of the entire accelerator.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some possible embodiments of this application, the electron accelerator further includes a coupling ring 4, which is connected to the output terminal 22 and to the cavity wall of the acceleration cavity 31, so as to couple the amplifier circuit 2 and the acceleration cavity 31.

[0043] In this embodiment, the coupling ring 4 is typically a ring-shaped metal structure. The coupling ring 4 transmits the amplified radio frequency (RF) power from the amplifier circuit 2 to the accelerating cavity 31. After the RF power reaches the vicinity of the accelerating cavity 31, it is coupled to the accelerating cavity 31 through the coupling ring 4, while maintaining the phase and amplitude stability of the RF power. When the RF power is coupled into the accelerating cavity 31, it forms an accelerating electric field within the accelerating cavity 31. This accelerating electric field interacts with the electron beam, accelerating it.

[0044] In this embodiment, the coupling ring 4 is typically excited in the region of strong magnetic field in the working mode of the accelerating cavity 31. It can also be understood that the coupling ring 4 can be set on the cavity wall of the accelerating cavity 31 in the working mode of strong magnetic field. In this way, the coupling efficiency of radio frequency wave power and the acceleration effect of the accelerating cavity 31 can be optimized.

[0045] The coupling ring 4 is connected to the cavity wall of the acceleration cavity 31. The coupling ring 4 can be inserted into the acceleration cavity 31 through a Sub-Miniature Version A.SMA connector. The type of SMA connector can be adjusted according to the parameters of the electron accelerator. The coupling ring 4 can also be connected to the acceleration cavity 31 through other connectors.

[0046] In related technologies, the accelerating tube 3 requires megawatt-level power feeding, and a complex waveguide system is usually used to complete the power transmission. However, the single-cavity excitation and coupling of the hundred-watt-level accelerating cavity 31 realized by the transistor microwave source 1 can be performed using an electrical probe and a coupling loop 4, thereby simplifying the overall structural complexity.

[0047] Electrical probes can typically be used to excite the main mode in the region of strong electric field in the accelerator cavity 31. When the electrical probe is parallel to the direction of the main mode electric field, the main mode can be excited. Since electron accelerators usually use transverse magnetic modes (TM), the strong electric field region is the inner wall of the beam transmission pipe, and the acceleration mode cannot be excited by electrical probes inside the beam transmission pipe.

[0048] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 In some possible embodiments of this application, the cavity wall of the acceleration cavity 31 includes a coupling opening 311, and the coupling ring 4 passes through the coupling opening 311 and is connected to the acceleration cavity 31. The coupling ring 4 includes a conductor portion 41 and a coupling portion 42. At least a portion of the conductor portion 41 is located outside the acceleration cavity 31 and is used to connect to the output terminal 22. The coupling portion 42 is located inside the acceleration cavity 31.

[0049] In this embodiment, the coupling opening 311 is disposed on the wall of the acceleration cavity 31, and the shape and size of the coupling opening 311 are adjusted according to the shape and size of the coupling ring 4.

[0050] In this embodiment, at least a portion of the conductor portion 41 is located outside the acceleration cavity 31. The conductor portion 41 located outside the acceleration cavity 31 is connected to the output terminal 22 of the amplifier circuit 2. The conductor portion 41 can be made of a highly conductive material, such as copper or an alloy, so that the radio frequency power can be stably transmitted into the acceleration cavity 31.

[0051] In this embodiment, the conductor portion 41 includes a first conductor 411 and a second conductor 412. The coupling portion 42 is formed by bending the first conductor 411. The coupling portion 42 is similar to a ring. The coupling portion 42 and the second conductor 412 are connected. The coupling portion 42 is located inside the acceleration cavity 31 and is used to excite the acceleration cavity 31 to generate a magnetic field and an electric field inside the acceleration cavity 31.

[0052] In the electron accelerator of this application embodiment, the conductor part 41 transmits the radio frequency power output by the amplifier circuit 2 to the coupling ring 4. The coupling ring 4 is located inside the acceleration cavity 31 and can feed energy into the acceleration cavity 31. The ring-shaped coupling part 42 can be regarded as a magnetic dipole under the action of the magnetic field, which excites the acceleration cavity 31 to stimulate the electromagnetic field inside the acceleration cavity 31.

[0053] In some possible embodiments of this application, the electron accelerator includes at least a first operating mode to generate a magnetic field along a first direction, wherein the extension direction of the coupling portion 42 is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0054] In this embodiment, the accelerator typically employs a Transverse Magnetic Mode (TM), a common operating mode used in microwave accelerator cavities 31. TM modes have various transmission modes; in this embodiment, the TM01 mode can be used. In the first operating mode, TM01, the coupling ring 4 excites a strong magnetic field in the region near the coupling ring 4 within the accelerator cavity 31, resulting in a strong electric field at the beam location. The electric field component is mainly distributed within the cross-section of the accelerator cavity 31, while the magnetic field component is mainly along the axial direction of the accelerator cavity 31, meaning the directions of the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular. Due to this distribution characteristic of the electric and magnetic fields, the TM mode exhibits a specific frequency response and energy distribution within the microwave accelerator cavity 31 (i.e., the accelerator cavity 31).

[0055] Specifically, the first direction is the direction of the magnetic field generated by the coupling ring 4 in the acceleration cavity 31. The extension direction of the coupling ring 4 is perpendicular to the first direction, that is, perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field in the acceleration cavity 31. In this way, when the magnetic field in the acceleration cavity 31 passes through the coupling ring 4, the acceleration cavity 31 can be excited.

[0056] The electron accelerator of this application embodiment, since the extension direction of the coupling part 42 is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field inside the acceleration cavity 31, helps to reduce energy leakage and loss, improves the utilization rate of magnetic field energy, achieves efficient electromagnetic coupling, further improves coupling efficiency, and improves the stability and reliability of the electron accelerator.

[0057] Reference Figure 3 In some possible embodiments of this application, the conductor portion 41 is movably connected to the coupling opening 311, and the conductor portion 41 is movable relative to the coupling opening 311 to change the distance between the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 and the coupling opening 311.

[0058] In this embodiment, the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 can be understood as the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 extending out of the acceleration cavity 31 or the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 located inside the acceleration cavity 31. For example, when the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 is the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 extending out of the acceleration cavity 31, the larger the distance between the end face 43 and the coupling opening 311, the longer the portion of the conductor portion 41 located outside the acceleration cavity 31 in the direction from the end face 43 to the coupling opening 311. At this time, the depth of the coupling ring 4 inserted into the acceleration cavity 31 is smaller.

[0059] This can be understood as follows: the greater the distance between the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 and the coupling opening 311, the smaller the depth of the coupling ring 4 inserted into the acceleration cavity 31; the smaller the distance between the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 and the coupling opening 311, the greater the depth of the coupling ring 4 inserted into the acceleration cavity 31.

[0060] In this embodiment, the accelerating cavity 31 can be equivalent to an RLC parallel resonant circuit, where R refers to the equivalent resistance of the accelerating cavity 31, L refers to the equivalent inductance of the accelerating cavity 31, and C refers to the equivalent capacitance of the accelerating cavity 31. In this case, the coupling ring 4 can be regarded as an ideal transformer with a fixed transformation ratio of 1:n (1:n).

[0061] The electron accelerator of this embodiment can flexibly adjust the coupling degree by adjusting the insertion depth of the coupling ring 4 in the accelerating cavity 31 until a critical coupling state is reached. In this state, the radio frequency road and the beam are essentially perfectly matched. In this state, the accelerating cavity 31 will exhibit non-reflective characteristics, meaning that the radio frequency power will not return to the amplifier circuit 2 through the coupling ring 4, thereby reducing the impact on the electric field conditions and operation of the amplifier circuit 2 and the accelerating cavity 31, and achieving an optimal matching operating state between the electric field and the beam.

[0062] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some possible embodiments of this application, there are multiple acceleration cavities 31, and each acceleration cavity 31 is independently configured with an amplifier circuit 2 and a transistor microwave source 1.

[0063] In this embodiment, the number of accelerating cavities 31 can be adjusted according to the power of the electron accelerator. Multiple accelerating cavities 31 are connected in series, and beams are allowed to pass between multiple accelerating cavities 31. The beam generated from the electron gun is accelerated sequentially through the radio frequency field generated by the accelerating cavities 31 and finally exits the accelerating tube 3.

[0064] In this embodiment, each accelerating cavity 31 is independently equipped with an amplifier circuit 2 and a transistor microwave source 1, enabling independent power supply to each accelerating cavity 31. This ensures that each accelerating cavity 31 receives the same radio frequency power, maintaining consistent energy across all cavities. In related technologies, the accelerating tube 3 is connected to only one radio frequency feed, leading to energy attenuation as the radio frequency power propagates between multiple accelerating cavities 31, affecting the stability of beam acceleration. Compared to related technologies, this application ensures that the beam receives consistent acceleration as it sequentially passes through the accelerating cavities 31, thus improving the stability of the electron accelerator.

[0065] The electron accelerator of this embodiment provides independent power to each accelerating cavity 31, which optimizes the overall size of the electron accelerator and reduces the impact of inter-cavity coupling effects. Specifically, the electromagnetic field interaction between adjacent cavities can lead to unstable energy transfer, affecting the acceleration effect. Providing independent power to each accelerating cavity 31 makes the operating state of each cavity more independent, reducing electromagnetic interference between them. This allows the electron beam to maintain a stable acceleration trajectory when passing through multiple cavities, thereby improving the overall performance and efficiency of the accelerator.

[0066] In this embodiment, since the electric field fluctuations within the accelerator cavity follow a sinusoidal function, the electric field within the accelerating cavity 31 exhibits periodic changes in both the forward (i.e., the preset beam transmission direction) and reverse (i.e., the preset opposite direction of beam transmission) directions. Therefore, related technologies require modifications to the structure of the accelerating cavity 31 to ensure that the electric field direction within each accelerating cavity 31 is positive as the beam passes through it, thereby enabling the accelerating cavity 31 to continuously accelerate the beam.

[0067] Reference Figure 4 In some possible embodiments of this application, the electron accelerator also includes a control system 5, which is electrically connected to the coupling ring 4 via an amplifier circuit 2 and is used to control the operating modes of the multiple coupling rings 4.

[0068] In the electron accelerator of this embodiment, each accelerating cavity 31 is individually connected to an amplifier circuit 2 and a transistor microwave source 1. The control system 5 is connected to all amplifier circuits 2 connected to the accelerating cavities 31. The control system 5 changes the cycle of the alternating current so that the cycle of the alternating current transmitted to each coupling ring 4 is consistent, thereby controlling the RF input cycle of the amplifier circuit 2. By adjusting the cycle of different RF inputs to be consistent, the electric field direction in all accelerating cavities 31 can be uniformly positive. In this way, the structure of the cavity can be adjusted so that the beam is accelerated in a synchronous phase within the accelerating cavity 31.

[0069] In this embodiment of the application, the control system 5 may include devices such as a controller and a processor. This application does not limit the scope of the controller. The controller may be a programmable logic controller, a microprocessor, or a single-chip microcomputer.

[0070] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 In some possible embodiments of this application, the accelerating tube 3 includes a beam aperture 32 for transmitting electrons; the coupling ring 4 and the beam aperture 32 are disposed on different cavity walls of the accelerating cavity 31.

[0071] In this embodiment, electrons are guided into the accelerating tube 3 through the beam aperture 32 and accelerated by the electric field within the accelerating cavity 31. For example, the accelerating cavity 31 is a cylindrical structure, with multiple accelerating cavities 31 connected axially. The beam aperture 32 is located at both ends of the cylindrical structure along its axial direction, allowing electrons to enter and exit the accelerating cavity 31. Thus, the coupling ring 4 can be disposed on the cavity wall surrounding the cylindrical structure.

[0072] In this embodiment, the region of the beam aperture 32 is the region with the strongest electric field in the acceleration cavity 31. Setting the coupling ring 4 and the beam aperture 32 on different cavity walls of the acceleration cavity 31 can reduce the interference of magnetic and electric fields between the coupling ring 4 and the beam aperture 32, which helps to improve the overall performance of the electron accelerator.

[0073] Since each accelerating cavity 31 is individually connected to the amplifier circuit 2 and the transistor microwave source 1, each accelerating cavity 31 has an independent radio frequency power input, generating an independent magnetic field and electric field. In order to reduce the mutual influence of magnetic fields, electric fields, etc. between adjacent accelerating cavities 31, in some possible embodiments of this application, the diameter of the beam aperture 32 is less than or equal to 1 cm and greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0074] Compared with related technologies, the embodiments provided in this application reduce the aperture of the beam aperture 32 to between 1 cm and 2 mm. This reduction in aperture size reduces the leakage of electric and magnetic fields from the beam aperture 32 into other accelerating cavities 31, thereby reducing mutual interference between adjacent accelerating cavities 31. Specifically, the size of the beam aperture 32 is determined by the operating frequency of the electron accelerator and can be adjusted for electron accelerators of different frequencies.

[0075] In some possible embodiments of this application, the amplifier circuit 2 includes at least one of the following devices: a power detection device for detecting the power of the amplifier circuit 2; a temperature detection device for detecting the temperature of the amplifier circuit 2; and an excitation protection device for disconnecting the connection between the amplifier circuit 2 and the coupling ring 4 when the amplifier circuit 2 is in an abnormal state.

[0076] In this embodiment, the power detection device is used to detect the power of the amplifier circuit 2. By monitoring the power output of the amplifier circuit 2 in real time, the amplifier circuit 2 is kept within its normal operating range. By detecting the power, damage or performance degradation of the amplifier circuit 2 due to overload can be detected and prevented in a timely manner.

[0077] In this embodiment, the temperature detection device is used to detect the temperature of the amplifier circuit 2. By monitoring the temperature of the amplifier circuit 2 in real time, potential heat dissipation problems can be detected in time, and corresponding heat dissipation measures can be taken to reduce the damage to the amplifier circuit 2 due to overheating, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the amplifier circuit 2.

[0078] In this embodiment, the excitation protection device is used to disconnect the connection between the amplifier circuit 2 and the coupling ring 4 when the amplifier circuit 2 is in an abnormal state, thereby protecting the amplifier circuit 2 and the coupling ring 4 from further damage, thereby improving the safety of the entire system and reducing the risk of fire, electric shock and other hazards caused by circuit failure.

[0079] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An electron accelerator, characterized in that, include: Transistor microwave source, used to generate radio frequency power; An amplifier circuit includes an input terminal and an output terminal. The input terminal is connected to the transistor microwave source. The amplifier circuit is used to amplify the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source to a preset power. An acceleration tube, including an acceleration cavity, wherein the output terminal is connected to the acceleration cavity to transmit the preset power to the acceleration cavity; The electron accelerator further includes a coupling ring connected to the output terminal and to the cavity wall of the acceleration cavity to couple the amplification circuit and the acceleration cavity. The cavity wall of the acceleration cavity includes a coupling opening through which the coupling ring passes and connects to the acceleration cavity. The coupling ring includes a conductor portion and a coupling portion. At least a portion of the conductor portion is located outside the acceleration cavity and is used to connect to the output terminal. The coupling portion is located inside the acceleration cavity. The conductor portion is movably connected to the coupling opening, and the conductor portion moves relative to the coupling opening to change the distance between the end face of the conductor portion and the coupling opening.

2. The electron accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electron accelerator includes at least a first operating mode to generate a magnetic field along a first direction, wherein the extension direction of the coupling portion is perpendicular to the first direction.

3. The electron accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple acceleration cavities, and each acceleration cavity is independently equipped with the amplification circuit and the transistor microwave source.

4. The electron accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the coupling loop through the amplifier circuit and is used to control the operating modes of the multiple coupling loops.

5. The electron accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accelerating tube includes a beam aperture for transmitting electrons; the coupling ring and the beam aperture are disposed on different cavity walls of the accelerating cavity.

6. The electron accelerator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The diameter of the beam aperture is less than or equal to 1 cm and greater than or equal to 2 mm.

7. The electron accelerator according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, The amplifier circuit includes at least one of the following devices: A power detection device is used to detect the power of the amplifier circuit; A temperature detection device is used to detect the temperature of the amplifier circuit; An excitation protection device is used to disconnect the amplifier circuit and the coupling ring when the amplifier circuit is in an abnormal state.

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