Simple and efficient sugarcane nitrogen fertilizer application method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane fertilization, and discloses a simple and efficient sugarcane nitrogen fertilizer fertilization method which comprises the following steps: an early-stage preparation stage: detecting nitrogen and the content of macroelements, medium elements and trace elements in soil by a soil preparation method, determining the application amount of a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer according to a detected result, and determining the application amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer according to the application amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; the determined slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is evenly applied to the bottoms of the planting furrows, and soil covering operation is carried out; in a seedling stage topdressing stage, when 3-4 true leaves grow on the sugarcane, 2-3 cubic meters of water is irrigated per mu for topdressing by utilizing a drip irrigation system, and meanwhile, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer are added into the water fertilizer; in the topdressing stage in the tillering stage, when 6-7 true leaves appear on each sugarcane stem, 3-4 cubic meters of water is irrigated per mu through a drip irrigation system. According to the method, soil samples are collected at the depth of 0-20 cm on the soil where the sugarcane is planted according to a zigzag sampling mode before the sugarcane is planted, so that the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste caused by excessive nitrogen content after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the traditional sugarcane are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane fertilization, in particular to a simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is an important economic crop, belonging to the genus Saccharum of the Poaceae family. In appearance, sugarcane is a tall and solid perennial herb. Its stems are thick and upright, usually cylindrical, with internodes, and can reach a height of about 2-6 meters. The epidermis of the stem of sugarcane is generally green, purple or yellow-green, and has a hard texture. The leaves are slender, sword-shaped, with serrated edges and bright green color. The leaf sheath wraps around the stem, providing a certain protection for the growth of sugarcane. The growth habits of sugarcane are quite special. It is a thermophilic and light-loving crop with high heat requirements. It grows rapidly in an environment with sufficient sunlight and suitable temperature. It is suitable for planting in places with fertile soil, deep soil layer and good drainage. It has a well-developed root system and can penetrate deep into the soil to absorb water and nutrients. In terms of use, sugarcane is mainly used for sugar production. Its stems are rich in sucrose, which is the main raw material for the sugar industry. The sugar produced includes various types such as white sugar and brown sugar, which are widely used in the food industry. In addition, sugarcane can be eaten directly, and people chew the sugarcane stems to taste the sweet juice. In addition, sugarcane bagasse also has certain uses, such as papermaking and biofuel production.

[0003] Traditionally, when nitrogen fertilizer is applied to sugarcane, the nitrogen content in the soil is not clearly known, so it often results in excess nitrogen content, causing environmental pollution and waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane, which solves the problem that in traditional nitrogen fertilizer application to sugarcane, due to unclear nitrogen content in the soil, the nitrogen content is often excessive after fertilization, thus causing environmental pollution and waste of resources.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane, comprising the following steps: S1. Preliminary preparation stage: Detect the content of nitrogen and macro, medium and trace elements in the soil through soil testing and matching methods, determine the application amount of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer according to the measured results, evenly apply the determined slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to the bottom of the planting ditch, and cover the soil; S2, topdressing stage in seedling stage: when sugarcane grows 3-4 true leaves, use drip irrigation system to irrigate 2-3 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the water fertilizer; S3, topdressing stage during tillering period: When 6-7 true leaves appear on the main stem of sugarcane, use the drip irrigation system to irrigate 3-4 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add zinc sulfate and borax to the water fertilizer; S4, topdressing stage during the elongation period: When the height of the sugarcane plant reaches 60-80 cm, use the drip irrigation system to irrigate 4-5 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add potassium chloride to the water and fertilizer; S5. Late maintenance stage: 2-3 months before harvest, the remaining nitrogen in the soil and the nitrogen demand of sugarcane are detected by soil testing and matching method.

[0006] Preferably, the soil testing and matching method in step S1 requires collecting soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm in a zigzag sampling manner on the land where sugarcane is planted.

[0007] Preferably, the application amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in step S1 is such that the total nitrogen content of the soil is between 0.1% and 0.2% and the alkaline nitrogen content is between 90 and 120 mg / kg, and the application amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer per mu is 20 to 25 kg; When the total nitrogen content in the soil is lower than 0.1% and the alkaline nitrogen content is lower than 90 mg / kg, the application rate of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 25-30 kg per mu.

[0008] Preferably, the drip irrigation system in step S2 needs to dissolve urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.1%-0.2%, the phosphate fertilizer is 3-5 kg / mu of superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is 2-3 kg / mu of potassium chloride.

[0009] Preferably, the drip irrigation system in step S3 needs to dissolve urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.2%-0.3%, the urea application rate is 5-8 kg per mu, the zinc sulfate is 0.5-1 kg / mu, and the borax is 0.3-0.5 kg / mu.

[0010] Preferably, the drip irrigation system in step S4 needs to dissolve urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.2%-0.3%, the urea application rate is 10-15 kg per mu, and the potassium chloride is 10-15 kg / mu.

[0011] Preferably, in step S5, when the alkaline nitrogen content in the soil is detected to be lower than 30-40 mg / kg by the soil testing method, watering and foliar spraying are adopted, and fertilization is carried out at 4-6 pm on a sunny day.

[0012] Preferably, the irrigation is carried out by using 2-3 kg of urea per mu to prepare a 0.5%-1% solution for application, and the foliar spraying is carried out by using a 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for application.

[0013] The present invention provides a simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, soil samples are collected at a depth of 0-20 cm in a zigzag sampling manner on the land where sugarcane is planted before sugarcane is planted, and the nitrogen content in the soil is comprehensively analyzed. The type and precise application amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer can be determined according to the soil test report and the expected target yield and nutritional requirements of sugarcane, thereby improving the problem that the nitrogen content in the soil is not clear during traditional nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane, so that the nitrogen content is often excessive after fertilization, thereby causing environmental pollution and waste of resources. At the same time, because the fertilizer amount is more accurate, sugarcane can obtain a more suitable nutrient supply, which is helpful to improve the yield and quality.

[0014] 2. In the present invention, nitrogen can be slowly released by slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is evenly applied to the bottom of the planting furrow in the early stage of planting, thereby meeting the demand of sugarcane for nitrogen fertilizer in a long growth period, thereby providing nitrogen for sugarcane for a long time, reducing the trouble of multiple topdressing and simplifying the fertilization procedure. Since nitrogen is slowly released, it is more consistent with the growth demand curve of sugarcane, thereby improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, avoiding the problems of large-scale loss of nitrogen and burning of seedlings caused by rapid release.

[0015] 3. In the present invention, urea is mixed with irrigation water during topdressing at the seedling stage, tillering stage and elongation stage, and then the sugarcane is irrigated through the drip irrigation system, thereby realizing the simultaneous irrigation and fertilization, and providing nitrogen fertilizer in time according to the actual needs of the sugarcane. At the same time, since the fertilizer is directly transported to the vicinity of the root system, the migration and loss of the fertilizer in the soil are reduced, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved. Moreover, through the automated irrigation and fertilization system, the amount of fertilizer and the time of fertilization can be conveniently controlled, and the operation is simpler. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane, comprising the following steps: S1. Preliminary preparation stage: Detect the content of nitrogen and macro, medium and trace elements in the soil through soil testing and matching methods, determine the application amount of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer according to the measured results, evenly apply the determined slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to the bottom of the planting ditch, and cover the soil; S2, topdressing stage in seedling stage: when sugarcane grows 3-4 true leaves, use drip irrigation system to irrigate 2-3 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the water fertilizer; S3, topdressing stage during tillering period: When 6-7 true leaves appear on the main stem of sugarcane, use the drip irrigation system to irrigate 3-4 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add zinc sulfate and borax to the water fertilizer; S4, topdressing stage during the elongation period: When the height of the sugarcane plant reaches 60-80 cm, use the drip irrigation system to irrigate 4-5 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add potassium chloride to the water and fertilizer; S5. Late maintenance stage: 2-3 months before harvest, the remaining nitrogen in the soil and the nitrogen demand of sugarcane are detected by soil testing and matching method.

[0019] Specifically, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can slowly release nitrogen, continuously provide nitrogen source during the long growth period of sugarcane, reduce the number of topdressing, improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, reduce environmental pollution risks, and provide a stable and long-term nitrogen supply for sugarcane growth. Through the early preparation stage, it can accurately meet the nitrogen fertilizer demand of sugarcane growth, avoid pollution and waste caused by excess nitrogen, and provide a long-term nitrogen foundation for sugarcane growth. Topdressing in the seedling stage can promote the growth of sugarcane seedlings, make their root system well-developed and their leaves strong, laying a good foundation for subsequent growth. A good foundation can be laid. Top dressing during the tillering period can meet the special nutrient needs of sugarcane during the tillering period, promote sugarcane tillering, increase the number of effective stems, and improve the growth quality of the sugarcane group. Top dressing during the elongation period can meet the demand of sugarcane for a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, promote rapid elongation and thickening of sugarcane stalks, and improve sugarcane yield and quality. Later maintenance can accurately judge the nitrogen status of sugarcane in the later period, so as to supplement nitrogen and other nutrients in a timely and appropriate manner, prevent premature aging, increase the sugar content and quality of sugarcane, and realize scientific fertilization management.

[0020] The soil testing and matching method in step S1 requires collecting soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm in a zigzag sampling manner on the land where sugarcane is planted.

[0021] Specifically, by adopting a zigzag sampling method, soil samples from different locations of sugarcane-growing land can be collected comprehensively and scientifically, making the test results more representative, thereby accurately determining the content of nitrogen and other elements in the soil, and providing a reliable basis for reasonable fertilization. By collecting soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm, information on nitrogen and other elements in the main active layer of the sugarcane root system can be obtained, accurately reflecting the soil fertility status, providing key data for precise fertilization, and ensuring a reasonable supply of nutrients at all stages of sugarcane growth.

[0022] The application amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in step S1 is 20-25 kg per mu, with a total nitrogen content of 0.1%-0.2% and an alkaline nitrogen content of 90-120 mg / kg in the soil; When the total nitrogen content in the soil is lower than 0.1% and the alkaline nitrogen content is lower than 90 mg / kg, the application rate of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 25-30 kg per mu.

[0023] Specifically, by determining the amount of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to be applied based on the total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen content in the soil, it can accurately adapt to the soil fertility conditions, provide a suitable amount of base fertilizer for sugarcane in soil environments with different nitrogen levels, avoid nitrogen deficiency or excess, and promote sugarcane growth.

[0024] The drip irrigation system in step S2 needs to dissolve urea in the irrigation water at a concentration of 0.1%-0.2%, the phosphate fertilizer is 3-5 kg / mu of superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is 2-3 kg / mu of potassium chloride.

[0025] Specifically, by dissolving urea at a concentration of 0.1%-0.2% in irrigation water, the sugarcane seedlings can absorb nitrogen fertilizer evenly, accurately and efficiently, promote the healthy growth of the seedlings, and at the same time save water and fertilizer, reduce fertilizer waste and labor costs. Superphosphate with a phosphorus fertilizer of 3-5 kg / mu can provide phosphorus for the growth of sugarcane seedlings, promote root development, enhance seedling resistance, accelerate sugar accumulation, help sugarcane seedlings grow healthily, and lay a good foundation for later growth. Potassium chloride with a potassium fertilizer of 2-3 kg / mu can provide potassium for the sugarcane seedlings, enhance sugarcane seedling photosynthesis, improve lodging resistance, promote nitrogen absorption and protein synthesis, help seedlings grow healthily, and improve the early growth quality of sugarcane.

[0026] The drip irrigation system in step S3 needs to dissolve urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.2%-0.3%, with an application rate of 5-8 kg of urea per mu, 0.5-1 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, and 0.3-0.5 kg of borax per mu.

[0027] Specifically, by dissolving 0.2%-0.3% urea in irrigation water, nitrogen can be accurately supplied during the tillering period of sugarcane, meeting the demand for nitrogen fertilizer for sugarcane tillering, promoting early and rapid tillering, increasing the number of effective stems, and improving the growth of sugarcane populations. By applying 5-8 kg of urea per mu during the tillering period of sugarcane, an appropriate amount of nitrogen can be provided to sugarcane, laying a good foundation for the formation of later yields, while avoiding the adverse effects of excessive nitrogen. By applying 0.5-1 kg / mu of zinc sulfate, It can supplement zinc for sugarcane tillering period, promote cell division and differentiation at sugarcane growing point, enhance photosynthesis, improve sugarcane's resistance to adverse environment, promote tillering and stem growth, and improve the overall growth quality and yield potential of sugarcane. Through 0.3-0.5 kg / mu of borax, it can supplement boron for sugarcane tillering period, promote sugarcane pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, increase sugarcane fruit setting rate, enhance sugarcane stem toughness, help sugarcane tillering to proceed normally, and improve sugarcane yield and quality.

[0028] The drip irrigation system in step S4 needs to dissolve urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.2%-0.3%, with an application rate of 10-15 kg of urea per mu and 10-15 kg of potassium chloride per mu.

[0029] Specifically, by dissolving urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.2%-0.3%, a large amount of nitrogen can be accurately and efficiently provided to the sugarcane during the elongation period, meeting the strong demand for nitrogen fertilizer for the rapid growth of sugarcane, promoting the rapid elongation and thickening of the stems, and improving the yield and quality of sugarcane. By applying 10-15 kg of urea per mu during the elongation period of the sugarcane, sufficient nitrogen can be provided to the sugarcane, which can effectively promote the rapid elongation and thickening of the sugarcane stems, increase the accumulation of sugarcane biomass, provide key nutritional support for improving the yield and quality of sugarcane, and ensure the nutrient needs of sugarcane during the critical period of growth. By applying 10-15 kg / mu of potassium chloride, a large amount of potassium can be provided to the sugarcane during the elongation period, enhancing the strength of the sugarcane stems, improving the ability to resist lodging, promoting the transport of photosynthetic products and the accumulation of sugar, which is conducive to the rapid growth and quality improvement of the sugarcane stems, and laying the foundation for high yield and high quality.

[0030] In step S5, when the alkaline nitrogen content in the soil is detected to be lower than 30-40 mg / kg by the soil testing method, watering and foliar spraying are adopted, and fertilization is carried out at 4-6 pm on sunny days.

[0031] Specifically, by adopting irrigation, nitrogen can be supplemented for sugarcane in time to meet the demand for nitrogen in the later growth period of sugarcane, prevent premature aging due to insufficient nitrogen, ensure normal physiological activities in the later growth period of sugarcane, and maintain yield and quality. By foliar spraying, nutrients can be quickly absorbed and utilized by sugarcane leaves, and nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients can be supplemented in the later growth period of sugarcane, leaf photosynthesis can be enhanced, leaf aging can be delayed, sugarcane resistance can be improved, sugar accumulation can be increased, and sugarcane yield and quality can be further improved. By fertilizing at 4-6 o'clock in the afternoon on a sunny day, the environmental conditions of reduced light intensity, suitable temperature and relatively high air humidity can be used to reduce fertilizer evaporation and loss, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and avoid damage to sugarcane caused by fertilization during high temperature periods, which can promote sugarcane to absorb nutrients better.

[0032] For irrigation, 2-3 kg of urea per mu is used to prepare a 0.5%-1% solution, and for foliar spraying, 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used.

[0033] Specifically, by applying 2-3 kg of urea per mu to prepare a 0.5%-1% solution, when the soil alkaline nitrogen is insufficient in the later stage of sugarcane growth, an appropriate amount of nitrogen can be added to the sugarcane to meet its growth needs, promote sugarcane growth and development, and improve sugarcane yield and quality. At the same time, this concentration of solution not only ensures nutrient supply but also avoids fertilizer damage. By spraying 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves, phosphorus and potassium elements can be supplemented in the later stage of sugarcane growth, leaf photosynthesis can be enhanced, sugar synthesis and transportation can be promoted, sugarcane resistance can be improved, sugarcane quality can be improved, yield can be increased, and at the same time, problems such as nutrient fixation that may be caused by soil fertilization can be avoided.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preliminary preparation stage: Detect the content of nitrogen and macro, medium and trace elements in the soil through soil testing and matching methods, determine the application amount of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer according to the measured results, evenly apply the determined slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to the bottom of the planting ditch, and cover the soil; S2, topdressing stage in seedling stage: when sugarcane grows 3-4 true leaves, use drip irrigation system to irrigate 2-3 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the water fertilizer; S3, topdressing stage during tillering period: When 6-7 true leaves appear on the main stem of sugarcane, use the drip irrigation system to irrigate 3-4 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add zinc sulfate and borax to the water fertilizer; S4, topdressing stage during the elongation period: When the height of the sugarcane plant reaches 60-80 cm, use the drip irrigation system to irrigate 4-5 cubic meters per mu for topdressing, and add potassium chloride to the water and fertilizer; S5. Late maintenance stage: 2-3 months before harvest, the remaining nitrogen in the soil and the nitrogen demand of sugarcane are detected by soil testing and matching method.

2. A simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil testing and matching method in step S1 requires collecting soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm in a zigzag sampling manner on the land where sugarcane is planted.

3. A simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in step S1 is 20-25 kg per mu of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, with the total nitrogen content of the soil being between 0.1% and 0.2% and the alkaline nitrogen content being between 90 and 120 mg / kg; When the total nitrogen content in the soil is lower than 0.1% and the alkaline nitrogen content is lower than 90 mg / kg, the application rate of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 25-30 kg per mu.

4. A simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation system in step S2 needs to dissolve urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.1%-0.2%, the phosphate fertilizer is 3-5 kg / mu of superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is 2-3 kg / mu of potassium chloride.

5. A simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation system in step S3 needs to dissolve urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.2%-0.3%, the urea application rate is 5-8 kg per mu, the zinc sulfate is 0.5-1 kg / mu, and the borax is 0.3-0.5 kg / mu.

6. A simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation system in step S4 needs to dissolve urea in irrigation water at a concentration of 0.2%-0.3%, the urea application rate is 10-15 kg per mu, and the potassium chloride is 10-15 kg / mu.

7. A simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when the alkaline nitrogen content in the soil is detected to be lower than 30-40 mg / kg by the soil testing method, watering and foliar spraying are adopted, and fertilization is carried out at 4-6 pm on sunny days.

8. A simple and efficient method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to sugarcane according to claim 7, characterized in that: The irrigation is carried out by preparing 0.5%-1% solution with 2-3 kg of urea per mu, and the foliar spraying is carried out by using 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

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