Vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient and environment-friendly vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula and a use method thereof. The formula is composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (P2O5) to potassium (K2O) is 16: 16: 16, the trace elements comprise magnesium, calcium, boron and the like, and the yield and quality of vegetables can be remarkably improved. The application method comprises the following steps: dissolving the fertilizer in water to form a solution, and applying the solution to vegetable roots or leaf surfaces (low concentration) in the form of base fertilizer and topdressing, and the fertilizing amount is 1000-1500kg per hectare. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is good in solubility, high in nutrient absorption efficiency, capable of reducing the use amount of the chemical fertilizer and reducing environmental pollution, suitable for planting various vegetables, and wide in popularization and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a water-soluble fertilizer formula for vegetables and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, the use of fertilizers plays a vital role in improving crop yield and quality. Traditional solid fertilizers have problems such as inconvenient fertilization, low nutrient utilization rate, and easy environmental pollution. Therefore, water-soluble fertilizers, as an efficient and convenient form of fertilizer, have gradually become the preferred choice of farmers.

[0003] Water-soluble fertilizers have the characteristic of dissolving quickly in water. They can act directly on the roots or leaves of crops through modern irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, significantly improving the utilization rate of fertilizers. Compared with traditional fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers can be accurately proportioned according to the different growth stages and nutritional needs of crops to meet the needs of comprehensive crop growth. For example, during the growth of leafy crops, appropriately increasing the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer can promote leaf growth; and during the fruit development period of fruit tree crops, increasing the proportion of potassium fertilizer can effectively improve fruit quality and yield.

[0004] In the process of formula design of water-soluble fertilizer, it is necessary to follow scientific, reasonable and comprehensive principles. First of all, the required proportion of main nutrients should be determined according to the type of crop, growth stage and target yield. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the three elements with the largest demand for crops, and their proportions are usually adjusted according to crop characteristics and soil fertility. In addition, the formula also needs to consider the supplementation of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron, etc. Although these elements are in small demand, they play a vital role in the growth and development of crops. For example, boron has an important influence on the differentiation of flower buds and the pollination and fertilization process of plants; zinc participates in the synthesis of chlorophyll and promotes photosynthesis.

[0005] There are many types of water-soluble fertilizers on the market, but there are some problems. On the one hand, although the raw materials for the production of a large number of elements use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient raw materials, the nutrient form and physical and chemical properties have not been fundamentally changed, resulting in a low utilization rate in the soil. On the other hand, due to the convenience of applying water-soluble fertilizers, farmers often apply excessive amounts or too frequently during the application process, resulting in soil acidification, secondary salinization and frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

[0006] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a new water-soluble fertilizer that can not only improve fertilizer utilization, but also improve soil conditions and reduce environmental pollution. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special water-soluble fertilizer formula designed for vegetable growth characteristics and its use method, which improves the nutrient utilization rate of fertilizers, improves the soil environment, promotes the healthy growth of vegetables, and thus improves yield and quality through scientific proportioning and biological fermentation technology.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the applicant proposes a water-soluble fertilizer formula for vegetables and a method of using the same. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula and a use method thereof to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a water-soluble fertilizer formula for vegetables, the formula comprising the following components in percentage by mass:

[0010] Nitrogen: 15%-17%;

[0011] Phosphorus P2O5: 15%-17%;

[0012] Potassium K2O: 15%-17%;

[0013] Trace elements: 0.1%-1%, the trace elements include one or more of magnesium, calcium and boron;

[0014] The balance is carrier or filler.

[0015] Optionally, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus P2O5 and potassium K2O is 16:16:16.

[0016] Optionally, the carrier or filler is selected from one or more of water, soil conditioner, humic acid, amino acid, and alginic acid.

[0017] A method for using a water-soluble fertilizer for vegetables comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: dissolving the vegetable water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in water to form a water-soluble fertilizer solution;

[0019] Step 2: During the growth period of the vegetables, the water-soluble fertilizer solution is applied to the roots or leaves of the vegetables in the form of basal fertilizer and topdressing;

[0020] Step three: Control the amount of fertilizer applied so that the total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare is 1000kg to 1500kg, with the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing being 3:4:3, and applied in the early, middle and late growth stages of vegetables respectively.

[0021] Optionally, in step 2, the water-soluble fertilizer solution is applied by drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or foliar spraying.

[0022] Optionally, in step 2, the vegetables include Chinese cabbage, and after applying the water-soluble fertilizer, the biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, stem diameter and root growth indicators of the Chinese cabbage are significantly improved compared with conventional fertilization, and the vitamin C content, soluble protein content and nutrient utilization efficiency of the Chinese cabbage are also improved.

[0023] Optionally, the root growth index includes one or more of root length, root surface area, root volume, average root diameter, number of root tips, number of connections, number of nodes and number of bifurcations.

[0024] Optionally, the nutrient utilization efficiency includes one or more of nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency, phosphorus fertilizer recovery efficiency and potassium fertilizer recovery efficiency.

[0025] Optionally, in step 2, the water-soluble fertilizer solution can be further reduced in amount by 10%-30%. Although the aboveground biomass is reduced, root growth is promoted and good nutrient utilization efficiency and vegetable quality can still be maintained.

[0026] Beneficial effects: 1. Improve vegetable yield and quality: The vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula of the present invention has a reasonable nutrient ratio, which can meet the nutrient requirements of vegetables during growth, promote the healthy growth of vegetables, and improve yield and quality.

[0027] 2. Improve nutrient utilization efficiency: The vegetable water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention has good solubility and absorbability, can significantly improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients by vegetables, and reduce nutrient loss and waste.

[0028] 3. Environmental protection and energy saving: The vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula and the use method thereof of the present invention can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, reduce the pollution of agricultural production to the environment, and save water resources and energy, which is in line with the development trend of green agriculture.

[0029] 4. Wide scope of application: The vegetable water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention is suitable for the cultivation of a variety of vegetables and has wide applicability and promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The dynamic changes of pH and EC values ​​of compound fertilizers of different masses dissolved in the same volume of ultrapure water according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 The dynamic changes of fertilizer granules dissolving in the same volume of ultrapure water when different compound fertilizers of the same mass are dissolved in the same volume of ultrapure water according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 The effects of different compound fertilizers on the growth of Chinese cabbage in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 The root phenotype differences of Chinese cabbage under the application of different compound fertilizers in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 The effects of different compound fertilizers on the nutrient accumulation of Chinese cabbage in the embodiments of the present invention are shown;

[0035] Figure 6The effects of different compound fertilizers on nutrient utilization efficiency of Chinese cabbage in the embodiments of the present invention are shown;

[0036] Figure 7 The phenotypic differences of the aboveground part and root system of Chinese cabbage after the reduction of chemical fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 The figure shows the effect of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer on the nutrient accumulation of Chinese cabbage in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the specification, so that the technical content is clearer and easier to understand. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned in the text.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Preparation of water-soluble fertilizer formula for vegetables

[0041] The present embodiment provides a water-soluble fertilizer formula for vegetables, the specific components and their mass percentages are: nitrogen (N) 16%, phosphorus (P2O5) 16%, potassium (K2O) 16%, magnesium (Mg) 0.2%, calcium (Ca) 0.3%, boron (B) 0.1%, and the balance is water.

[0042] The preparation process is as follows: First, accurately weigh the raw materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, boron, etc. according to the above ratio. Then, mix these raw materials evenly, add an appropriate amount of water, and stir and dissolve them fully until a uniform, non-agglomerated water-soluble fertilizer solution is formed. Finally, the solution is filtered to remove impurities to obtain the vegetable water-soluble fertilizer product of the present invention.

[0043] How to use water-soluble fertilizer for vegetables

[0044] Taking Chinese cabbage as an example, the method of using the vegetable water-soluble fertilizer in this embodiment is as follows:

[0045] Preparation before fertilization: Before planting Chinese cabbage, the soil is plowed and leveled to ensure that the soil is loose and breathable. Then, the vegetable water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention is evenly spread on the soil surface as a base fertilizer at a fertilizer rate of 300-450kg per hectare, and then shallow ploughing and covering are performed.

[0046] Topdressing during the growth period: During the growth of Chinese cabbage, topdressing is carried out in the middle and late growth periods according to the growth of the cabbage. The amount of topdressing each time is 400-600kg and 300-450kg per hectare respectively. The topdressing method is drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly distributed at the roots of the cabbage.

[0047] Irrigation and management: During the fertilization process, combine irrigation measures to keep the soil moist and promote fertilizer dissolution and absorption. At the same time, strengthen pest and disease control to create a good growth environment for Chinese cabbage.

[0048] Implementation Effect

[0049] Through the vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula and its use method of this embodiment, the growth condition of Chinese cabbage is significantly improved, which is specifically manifested in strong plants, dark green leaves, and increased yield. Compared with conventional fertilization, the fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve indicators such as biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value and stem thickness of Chinese cabbage, while increasing the Vc content and soluble protein content of Chinese cabbage, reducing the soluble sugar content, and improving the overall quality of Chinese cabbage. In addition, the fertilizer of the present invention can also significantly improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Chinese cabbage, reduce nutrient loss and waste, and has significant environmental benefits.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for vegetables is adjusted to 1200 kg per hectare, of which the base fertilizer is 360 kg and the two topdressings are 480 kg and 360 kg respectively. At the same time, during the topdressing process, the fertilizer solution is sprayed directly on the surface of the cabbage leaves by foliar spraying to promote the absorption of nutrients by the leaves.

[0052] Implementation Effect

[0053] Through the fertilization scheme of this embodiment, the growth of Chinese cabbage is also significantly improved, and the yield and quality are improved. Compared with conventional fertilization, the fertilizer of this embodiment can still maintain good fertilizer efficiency while reducing the fertilizer amount, further verifying the effectiveness and reliability of the vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula and the use method of the present invention.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] This example further explores the effect of reducing the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for vegetables of the present invention. In the process of planting Chinese cabbage, the fertilizer formula of Example 1 was used, but the amount of fertilizer applied was reduced to 800 kg per hectare, of which the base fertilizer was 240 kg and the two topdressings were 320 kg and 240 kg respectively.

[0056] Implementation Effect

[0057] Although the amount of fertilizer applied was reduced, the growth of Chinese cabbage was still good. Compared with conventional fertilization, the biomass and leaf area of ​​Chinese cabbage after reduced application decreased slightly, but the root growth was promoted and the nutrient utilization efficiency remained at a high level. This result shows that the vegetable water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention has a good potential for reduced application, which helps to reduce agricultural production costs and reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizers to the environment.

[0058] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0059] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A water-soluble fertilizer formula for vegetables, characterized in that: The formula includes the following components in percentage by weight: Nitrogen: 15%-17%; Phosphorus P2O5: 15%-17%; Potassium (K2O): 15%-17%; Trace elements: 0.1%-1%, the trace elements include one or more of magnesium, calcium and boron; The balance is carrier or filler.

2. The vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus P2O5 and potassium K2O is 16:16:

16.

3. The vegetable water-soluble fertilizer formula according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The carrier or filler is selected from one or more of water, soil conditioner, humic acid, amino acid and alginic acid.

4. A method for using a water-soluble fertilizer for vegetables, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: dissolving the vegetable water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in water to form a water-soluble fertilizer solution; Step 2: During the growth period of the vegetables, the water-soluble fertilizer solution is applied to the roots or leaves of the vegetables in the form of basal fertilizer and topdressing; Step three: Control the amount of fertilizer applied so that the total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare is 1000kg to 1500kg, with the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing being 3:4:3, and applied in the early, middle and late growth stages of vegetables respectively.

5. The method of use according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the water-soluble fertilizer solution is applied by drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or foliar spraying.

6. The method of use according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: In step 2, the vegetables include Chinese cabbage, and after applying the water-soluble fertilizer, the biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, stem diameter and root growth indicators of the Chinese cabbage are significantly improved compared with conventional fertilization. At the same time, the vitamin C content, soluble protein content and nutrient utilization efficiency of the Chinese cabbage are also improved.

7. The method of use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The root growth index includes one or more of root length, root surface area, root volume, average root diameter, number of root tips, number of connections, number of nodes and number of bifurcations.

8. The method of use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The nutrient utilization efficiency includes one or more of nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency, phosphorus fertilizer recovery efficiency and potash fertilizer recovery efficiency.

9. The method of use according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: In step 2, the water-soluble fertilizer solution can be further reduced in amount by 10%-30%. Although the aboveground biomass is reduced, the root growth is promoted and good nutrient utilization efficiency and vegetable quality can still be maintained.

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