Small-ridge double-row shallow-buried drip irrigation cultivation method for planting soybeans in soda saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a small-ridge double-row shallow-buried drip irrigation cultivation method for planting soybeans in soda saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of soybean cultivation. The purpose of the invention is to improve the yield of soybeans planted in saline-alkali soil. According to the method, a soybean small-ridge double-row planting technology and a drip irrigation system water and fertilizer integration technology are combined, full-seedling and strong seedling planting of the soybeans in the moderately severe soda saline-alkali soil is achieved by strengthening alkali reduction and salt reduction in a soybean root zone, the soybeans are planted in a small-ridge double-row mode of 60 cm, the soybean sowing density is increased from local conventional 300,000 plants / hectare to 43,000 plants / hectare or above, and the yield of the soybeans is increased. During soybean sowing, drip irrigation belts are buried in the middle of small ridges at the depth of 2-4 cm, and the combination of organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer, potassium fulvic acid and acid liquid fertilizer is adopted for drip irrigation in stages before and after soybean seedling emergence. The soybean yield of the moderately severe soda saline-alkali soil is remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soybean cultivation, and in particular relates to a small ridge double-row shallow buried drip irrigation cultivation method for planting soybeans in soda saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] The eastern part of Inner Mongolia is located in the transition zone from the Greater Khingan Range to the Songnen Plain. It is an important natural pasture and grain base in Northeast my country, and is of great strategic significance for ensuring national food and ecological security. The total area of ​​salinized arable land and grassland in the region is more than 17 million mu, mainly distributed in Xing'an League and Tongliao City. The saline-alkali land in Xing'an League and Tongliao has a high groundwater level, and the soil returns to salt and alkali, resulting in strong alkalinity. It is a typical soda saline-alkali land. The soil nutrients are poor, and the coexistence of desertification and alkalization leads to the lack of soil aggregate structure. Xing'an League and Tongliao are located in the Horqin grassland, which belongs to the mid-temperate arid and semi-arid continental monsoon climate, rich in light and heat resources, and suitable for soybean cultivation on saline-alkali land. However, most soybean varieties are moderately salt-sensitive varieties. The agricultural production level in Xing'an League and Tongliao is low. Soybeans are planted in the traditional way on medium and severe soda saline-alkali land, with low soybean yields. Farmers lose money every year, which seriously affects the development of the soybean industry in the region. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of soybeans planted in saline-alkali land.

[0004] The present invention provides a small ridge double-row shallow buried drip irrigation cultivation method for planting soybeans in soda saline-alkali land, and the specific steps of the method are as follows:

[0005] (1) Apply manure fertilizer to saline-alkali land, turn the stubble of the previous crop into the ground and crush and harrow it, apply 10-40kg of slow-release compound fertilizer and 8-12kg of microbial fertilizer to the tillage layer of 8cm to 10cm, and the ridge width is 60cm;

[0006] (2) Select soybean seeds. When the soil temperature at 5 cm in the soil layer is stable at 8-10°C, sow them simultaneously by sowing and burying drip irrigation tapes. The ridge width is 60 cm, and the planting is done in double rows. The sowing density is 30,000 to 35,000 plants per mu, and the drip irrigation tapes are buried in the soil layer 2-4 cm between the double rows.

[0007] (3) After 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after soybean seedlings emerged, organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer, potassium humate and Jinjian No. 2 liquid fertilizer were dissolved in fertilizer tanks and then drip-irrigated. Each irrigation was 20-30 m3 / mu. The above five drip irrigations were applied around the soybean root system for 1 hour each time. 4 kg-6 kg / mu of organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer, 1 kg-2 kg / mu of potassium humate and 2 kg-3 kg / mu of Jinjian No. 2 liquid fertilizer were applied.

[0008] (4) Dissolve urea, monoammonium phosphate, water-soluble potassium sulfate, and potassium humate in fertilizer tanks and apply them with drip irrigation at the early flowering stage, full flowering stage, and initial pod stage of soybeans, with 20 to 30 m3 / mu of irrigation each time, and apply 0.5 kg to 1 kg of urea per mu; 1 kg to 3 kg of monoammonium phosphate per mu, 2 kg to 3 kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate per mu, and 1 kg to 2 kg of potassium humate per mu; drip irrigation is performed three times around the soybean root system, each time for 1 hour.

[0009] It is further defined that in step (1), 2,000 to 300 kg of cooked cow dung is applied per mu of saline-alkali land.

[0010] It is further defined that the step (1) of turning the stubble of the previous crop into the ground is to deep plow the cultivated land to a depth of more than 25 cm and then rotary tillage.

[0011] It is further defined that in step (1), fertilization is carried out using a ridging and fertilizing integrated machine, and the composition of the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 13: 23: 11.

[0012] It is further defined that in step (2), before sowing, the seeds are mixed with Syngenta Bright Shield seed coating agent; the soybeans are sown using integrated equipment for sowing and drip irrigation tape laying, and after sowing, the herbicide is sprayed using a drone for closed weeding.

[0013] It is further defined that within 4 days after sowing in step (2), the drip irrigation pipe is connected and 20 to 30 m3 / mu of water is dripped, which is divided into 3 drip irrigations, each drip irrigation lasting 1 hour, to ensure the moisture required for soybean seed germination and achieve full seedling by drip irrigation.

[0014] It is further defined that the organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer composition in step (3) is N: P2O5: K2O = 10:20:10.

[0015] It is further specified that chemical insect control is required during the seedling stage and the flowering and pod stage, with 50 ml of highly effective chlorfenapyr and 20 ml of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder applied per mu.

[0016] The present invention provides an application of the above method in improving the yield of soybeans planted in saline-alkali land.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The present invention combines the soybean small ridge double row planting technology with the drip irrigation system water and fertilizer integration technology, and realizes the full and strong seedlings of soybean planting in medium and severe soda saline-alkali land (pH 8.5-10.39) by strengthening the alkali reduction and salt reduction in the soybean root zone. The core is to use 60cm small ridges and double rows to plant soybeans, and increase the soybean planting density from the local conventional 300,000 plants / hectare to more than 430,000 plants / hectare. When sowing soybeans, the drip irrigation belt is buried in the middle of the small ridge at a depth of 2-4 cm. The combination of organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer + potassium humate + acidic liquid fertilizer is used for staged drip irrigation before and after soybean emergence, which specifically reduces the root salt and pH value, promotes root development, and improves nutrient utilization efficiency. The soybean yield in medium and severe soda saline-alkali land has been significantly improved, which is of great significance for the use of soda saline-alkali land in eastern Inner Mongolia to carry out soybean planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Diagram of sowing and laying drip irrigation tape using integrated sowing and drip irrigation tape laying equipment;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a picture of the whole seedlings during the seedling stage of drip irrigation;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a picture of seedling growth by drip irrigation at the seedling stage;

[0021] Figure 4 This is the result diagram of drip irrigation to preserve flowers and pods during flowering period;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a diagram of soybean maturity period with shallow buried drip irrigation in small ridges and double rows;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a picture of the flowering period of soybeans in a single row on a small ridge without drip irrigation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Embodiment 1:

[0025] Soybean varieties for testing: Based on the actual climate, environment, accumulated temperature and natural conditions in eastern Inner Mongolia, soybean varieties suitable for local cultivation, such as Qinong No. 7, Dongsheng 118, Jiyu 303, Jidou No. 3, Heinong 91, Qinong 12 and Heinong 94, were selected.

[0026] Test location: Haoyao Sumu Town, Horqin Right Middle Banner, Xing'an League.

[0027] Field plot test: Two test plots were set for each variety, one of which was treated with small ridge double-row shallow buried drip irrigation, and the other was treated with small ridge single-row without drip irrigation. The test area was medium-to-severe soda saline-alkali land, with a soil pH of 8.5-10.39 in the 0-20cm soil layer, an EC value of 1232-4290us / cm, a soil organic matter content of 11.7±2.8g / kg, and a CO3 2- and HCO 3- The total ion concentration is about 2g / kg or more, Na + The ion concentration is 2-3g / kg. Each soybean variety is planted in 4 mu in each test plot.

[0028] 1. Small ridge double row shallow buried drip irrigation planting

[0029] References for the steps of composting cow dung Yin Xianhe, Yao Buqing, Li Yongxiao, et al. Effects of different treatments on the aerobic composting of cow dung in high-altitude cold regions[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2024(5).

[0030] 1. Land preparation: During the land preparation process, 2500kg of decomposed cow dung is applied to each mu of saline-alkali land. The medium and heavy saline-alkali land is deep-turned and rotary-tilled to a depth of 25cm. The roots of the previous crop are turned into the ground and crushed and raked. Using a ridge-forming and fertilizing machine, 30kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 13: 23:) of Dimeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. and 8 agricultural microbial agents of Dimeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. are applied to the 8cm-10cm tillage layer, and the ridge width is 60cm. If conditions permit, soil testing and formula fertilization can be used.

[0031] The purpose of this step: Medium to severe saline-alkali land has low organic matter content and poor soil nutrients. Apply decomposed cow dung, compound fertilizer and microbial fertilizer to increase soil organic matter and expand soil nutrient storage capacity.

[0032] 2. Sowing: Choose soybean seeds with even and full grains. Before sowing, coat 100 kg of soybean seeds with 300 ml of Syngenta Bright Shield Seed Coating Agent to prevent and treat root rot. In view of the high groundwater level in the saline-alkali land in eastern Inner Mongolia, it is preferred to sow soybeans in late May and early June when the soil temperature in the 5 cm soil layer is stable at 8-10°C (low temperature slows down germination, which is not conducive to seedling preservation in saline-alkali land). Use sowing-drip irrigation belt laying integrated equipment to sow soybeans in time ( Figure 1 ), ridge width 60cm, double row planting, sowing density 30,000 to 35,000 plants / mu, drip irrigation tape buried in the middle of the double row 2-4cm soil layer. After sowing, use drones to spray herbicides for closed weeding. It is preferred that within 4 days after sowing, the drip irrigation tape is connected and the seedling water is dripped for 20 to 30m 3 / mu, drip irrigation 3 times, each drip irrigation for 1 hour.

[0033] The purpose of this step: Due to the high salt, high alkali and high pH of medium and severe soda saline-alkali land, soybean germination is difficult. By planting in small ridges and double rows, the soybean sowing density is increased from the local conventional 20,000 plants / mu to 30,000-35,000 plants / mu, and the soybean seedling survival rate in medium and severe soda saline-alkali land is improved. The drip irrigation belt is buried shallowly in the middle of the double rows. Four days after sowing, the soybean seeds germinate. Drip irrigation is carried out in three small amounts to ensure the moisture required for soybean seed germination, and the saline-alkali land will not form a hard cover due to excessive moisture, which will affect the emergence of soybeans, and achieve full seedlings in the seedling stage ( Figure 2 ).

[0034] 3. Drip irrigation at the seedling stage: dissolve 4kg-6kg / mu of Shandong Pubanda Biotechnology Co., Ltd.'s organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 10: 20: 10), 1kg-2kg / mu of potassium humate and 2kg-3kg / mu of Daqing Jinhui Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.'s Jinjian No. 2 liquid fertilizer (nitrogen-containing calcium and magnesium, acidic fertilizer) in the fertilizer tank, and drip irrigate around the soybean root system 5 times at 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after soybean seedlings emerge, each time for 1 hour.

[0035] The purpose of this step: organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer, potassium humate and Jinjian No. 2 liquid fertilizer are all acidic fertilizers. Each irrigation is 20-30m 3 / mu, reducing the root zone salt and pH value of soybeans. At the same time, the growth regulators and trace elements in the fertilizer can promote root development, improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of soybean seedlings, and achieve the strengthening of the root zone of soybean seedlings ( Figure 3 ).

[0036] 4. Drip irrigation during flowering period: urea 0.5kg~1kg / mu; monoammonium phosphate 1kg~3kg / mu, water-soluble potassium sulfate 2kg~3kg / mu, potassium humate 1kg~2kg / mu. After dissolving the fertilizer in the fertilizer tank, drip irrigation should be carried out around the soybean root system three times during the initial flowering period, peak flowering period and initial pod stage, with each drip irrigation lasting 1 hour.

[0037] The purpose of this step: soybeans have a high demand for water and nutrients during flowering. Xing'an League belongs to the mid-temperate arid semi-arid continental monsoon climate. Drip irrigation of macronutrients and acidic fertilizers is carried out three times during the initial flowering, full flowering and initial pod stages of soybeans to achieve phased regulation of nutrients during flowering of soybeans and avoid poor flowering and pod shedding ( Figure 4 ).

[0038] 5. Field management: Carry out chemical insect control during the seedling and flowering and pod stages, focusing on the prevention and control of soybean aphids and soybean borers. Apply 50 ml of highly effective chlorfenapyr and 20 ml of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu.

[0039] The germination rate was counted in the early growth period (31 days after sowing), and the yield was counted in the harvest period (130 days after sowing). The statistical results of germination rate and yield are shown in Table 1. The photos of plants 17 days after sowing are shown in Figure 2 , photos of plants at harvest time Figure 5 .

[0040] Comparative Example 1: Small ridge single row planting without drip irrigation

[0041] 1. Land preparation: same as step 1 of Example 1.

[0042] 2. Sowing: Choose soybean seeds with even and full grains, and mix them with Syngenta Bright Shield seed coating agent before sowing. In view of the high groundwater level in saline-alkali land in eastern Inner Mongolia, soybeans are sown in time according to the traditional planting method of Xing'an League, using sowing equipment, ridge width of 60cm, single row planting, and sowing density of 20,000 plants / mu. No irrigation is carried out after sowing.

[0043] 2. Seedling stage: conventional field management, no irrigation.

[0044] 3. Flowering period: Conventional field management, no irrigation Figure 6 .

[0045] 4. Field management: same as step 1 of Example 1.

[0046] Table 1 Investigation of the characteristics of 7 soybean varieties with single row on small ridge without drip irrigation and double row on small ridge with shallow buried drip irrigation

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] The formula for calculating the emergence rate is:

[0050] Seedling rate = (number of effective seedlings / total number of seeds sown) × 100%

[0051] (Effective seedling numbers: seedling numbers that can survive effectively; total number of seeds sown: the total number of seeds sown).

Claims

1. A small ridge double-row shallow buried drip irrigation cultivation method for planting soybeans in soda saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The specific steps of the method are as follows: (1) Apply manure fertilizer to saline-alkali land, turn the stubble of the previous crop into the ground and crush and harrow it, apply 10-40 kg of slow-release compound fertilizer and 8-12 kg of microbial fertilizer to the tillage layer of 8 cm to 10 cm, and the ridge width is 60 cm; (2) Select soybean seeds. When the soil temperature at 5 cm in the soil layer is stable at 8-10°C, sow them simultaneously by sowing and burying drip irrigation tapes. The ridge width is 60 cm, and the planting is done in double rows. The sowing density is 30,000 to 35,000 plants per mu, and the drip irrigation tapes are buried in the soil layer 2-4 cm between the double rows. (3) Dissolve organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer, potassium humate and Jinjian No. 2 liquid fertilizer in fertilizer tanks and apply with drip irrigation at 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after soybean seedlings emerge, with each irrigation of 20-30 m 3 / mu, the above 5 times of drip irrigation around the soybean root system, each drip irrigation for 1 hour; apply organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer 4kg ~ 6kg / mu, potassium humate 1kg ~ 2kg / mu, Jinjian No. 2 liquid fertilizer 2kg ~ 3kg / mu; (4) Dissolve urea, monoammonium phosphate, water-soluble potassium sulfate, and potassium humate in fertilizer tanks and apply them with drip irrigation at the early flowering stage, full flowering stage, and initial pod stage of soybeans, with 20 to 30 m3 / mu of irrigation each time, and apply 0.5 kg to 1 kg of urea per mu; 1 kg to 3 kg of monoammonium phosphate per mu, 2 kg to 3 kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate per mu, and 1 kg to 2 kg of potassium humate per mu; drip irrigation is performed three times around the soybean root system, each time for 1 hour.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), 2000-300 kg of cooked cow dung is spread on each mu of saline-alkali land.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step (1) of turning the stubble of the previous crop into the ground is to deep-plow the cultivated land to a depth of more than 25 cm and then rotary-till the land.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), a ridging and fertilizing integrated machine is used for fertilization, and the composition of the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O=13:23:

11.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1) and step (2), seeds are mixed with Syngenta Bright Shield seed coating agent before sowing.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), integrated equipment is used for sowing soybeans for sowing and drip irrigation tape laying. After sowing, a drone is used to spray herbicides for closed weeding.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Within 4 days after sowing in step (2), the drip irrigation pipe is connected and 20 to 30 m3 / mu of water is dripped. The drip irrigation is divided into 3 times, each time for 1 hour, to ensure the moisture required for soybean seed germination and achieve full seedling with drip irrigation.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The composition of the organic liquid water-soluble fertilizer in step (3) is N: P2O5: K2O=10:20:

10.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Chemical insect control is also required during the seedling and flowering and pod stages, applying 50 ml of highly effective chlorfenapyr and 20 ml of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in increasing the yield of soybeans grown in saline-alkali land.

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