Submerged plant diversity restoration method and biological window

Abstract

The application provides a submerged plant diversity restoration method and a biological window. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining position information of a water area to be restored, the position information comprising latitude information; determining a target size of the biological window according to the latitude information; preparing the biological window according to the target size of the biological window; arranging the biological window in the water area, so that the biological window is arranged in the water area in a single or colony form; planting submerged plants in the biological window; and cultivating the submerged plants in a preset restoration period. The biological window comprises an upper frame, a lower frame, a stand column and a surrounding net. The upper frame and the lower frame are connected into a frame structure through the stand column, and the frame structure is provided with the surrounding net on the side to surround. The application can provide an economic and efficient engineering technical path for restoration of submerged plant diversity in a damaged water ecological system, optimization of construction of a healthy water ecological system, and has important significance for health restoration of the water ecological system and improvement of water environment quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ecological restoration technology for water pollution, and in particular to a method for restoring the diversity of submerged plants and a biological window. Background Technology

[0002] Economical and efficient ecological restoration technologies for polluted water bodies are urgently needed to improve the ecological environment of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Restoring the biodiversity of aquatic vegetation is key to the restoration or reconstruction of healthy aquatic ecosystems. A crucial task in lake ecological restoration is to transform lakes from turbid to clear water through the restoration of submerged plants. In the process of restoring damaged aquatic ecosystems, the restoration and reconstruction of healthy aquatic vegetation communities and their diversity represent a significant technical bottleneck hindering engineering practice.

[0003] Current methods for restoring submerged vegetation include the following:

[0004] 1. Bioremediation: It is the foundation of ecological restoration. The success of bioremediation depends mainly on the following three aspects: microbial activity, pollutant characteristics, and environmental conditions.

[0005] 2. Physical and chemical remediation: These are components of ecological restoration. In order to save on environmental governance costs, physical or chemical remediation is often used as a pretreatment stage for biological remediation.

[0006] 3. Phytoremediation: This is a basic form of ecological restoration. In general, phytoremediation encompasses almost all mechanisms of ecological restoration and is the fundamental form of ecological restoration.

[0007] However, among the existing restoration methods, very few projects can achieve both good governance results and good technical and economic indicators. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a method for restoring the diversity of submerged plants and a biological window. By setting up regional semi-isolated spaces in the water body and introducing suitable plants, the method achieves the restoration of the diversity of submerged plants and achieves a better treatment effect.

[0009] The following technical solution is adopted in this application:

[0010] The first aspect of this application provides a method for restoring the diversity of submerged plants, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Obtain the location information of the water area to be restored, including latitude information;

[0012] The target size of the biological window is determined based on the latitude information;

[0013] Biological windows are prepared according to the target size of the biological windows, and the biological windows are arranged in the water area, so that the biological windows are set in the water area in the form of a single or community.

[0014] Submerged plants were planted within the biological window;

[0015] The submerged plants are cultivated according to a preset repair cycle.

[0016] In one alternative embodiment provided in this application, determining the target size of the biological window based on the latitude information includes:

[0017] Calculate the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information;

[0018] When the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed the preset area threshold, the area value of the target size of the biological window is determined according to the preset area threshold, and the target size of the biological window is set according to the preset area threshold;

[0019] When the reference diameter exceeds a preset distance value, the target size of the biological window is set based on the reference diameter value.

[0020] In one optional solution provided in this application, the step of calculating the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information includes calculating the distance R at which the midday sunlight can illuminate the center position of the bottom of the biological window during the spring and autumn equinoxes at the latitude, where the reference diameter is R; the formula for calculating the distance R is:

[0021]

[0022] Where D represents the depth of the water; n1 represents the refractive index of light in air; n2 represents the refractive index of light in water; φ0 represents the geographical latitude of the point where the sun is directly overhead; and φ1 represents the local geographical latitude.

[0023] In one alternative embodiment provided in this application, the maximum value of the reference diameter of the biological window is set to three times the water depth.

[0024] In one alternative embodiment provided in this application, the cylindrical height of the biological window satisfies the following formula:

[0025] H = D + h + m

[0026] Wherein, H represents the height of the biological window tube, D represents the depth of the water area, h represents the height of the top of the biological window above the water surface during the high-water season, and m is the depth of insertion into the mud; the range of h is 10-15 cm, and the range of m is 10-15 cm.

[0027] In one optional embodiment provided in this application, the step of preparing the biowindow according to the target size of the biowindow, and distributing the biowindow in the water area, such that the biowindow is set in the water area in a single or community form, includes:

[0028] Based on the preset area threshold or reference diameter value, and combined with the projection shape of the biological window, the target size of the biological window is set, including the perimeter of the biological window;

[0029] The biological window is prepared according to the target size of the biological window, and then deployed in the water area in a set pattern.

[0030] In one alternative solution provided in this application, the setting style is in the form of a triangular group, and one or more triangular groups are set according to the size of the water area;

[0031] The triangular group includes three biological windows, which are arranged in an equilateral triangle. The distance 'a' between the boundaries of two adjacent biological windows is equal to the diameter 'd' of one biological window.

[0032] When the multiple triangular groups are clustered together, at least three triangular groups still adopt an equilateral triangular triangular structure, wherein the distance b between two adjacent triangular groups is equal to the boundary length c of a triangular group.

[0033] In one alternative approach provided in this application, the total area of ​​all biological windows is set based on the total area of ​​the water body to be restored, the number of species, and the biomass density.

[0034] A second aspect of this application provides a bio-window for the restoration of submerged plant diversity. The bio-window includes an upper frame, a lower frame, posts, and a protective net. The upper frame and the lower frame are connected by the posts to form a frame structure, and the frame structure is surrounded by a protective net.

[0035] In one alternative embodiment provided in this application, the bio-window further includes a fixing rod and an inclined support structure; the fixing rod is connected between the upper frame and the lower frame to reinforce the frame structure; the inclined support structure is disposed on the outside of the frame structure to support the frame structure.

[0036] The upper frame, lower frame, column, fixing rod, and diagonal support structure are rods, and the rods are pluggable connections.

[0037] A method for restoring the diversity of submerged plants and a biological window provided by this application obtain the location information of the water area to be restored, where the location information includes latitude information; determine the target size of the biological window according to the latitude information; prepare the biological window based on the target size of the biological window, and layout the biological window in the water area so that the biological window is set in the water area in a single or community form; plant submerged plants in the biological window; cultivate the submerged plants with a preset restoration period to achieve the restoration of the diversity of submerged plants, providing an economical and efficient engineering technical path for the restoration of the diversity of submerged plants in damaged water ecosystems in China and the optimized construction of healthy aquatic ecosystems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the restoration method provided by this application;

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a biological window structure provided by this application;

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the shape of the upper border of a biological window provided by this application;

[0042] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the minimum radius of a circular biological window provided by this application;

[0043] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the "pin" - shaped group agglomeration layout of a biological window provided by this application.

[0044] Description of the reference numerals:

[0045] 1 - upper border, 2 - lower border, 3 - column, 4 - fixing rod, 5 - inclined support structure, 6 - enclosing net. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0046] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of this application, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] In areas with monoculture and dense aquatic vegetation, biowindows, essential for healthy vegetation communities, are often lacking. This application provides a method for restoring submerged plant diversity and biowindows. Each biowindow plays a crucial role in maintaining the composition, functional structure, and biodiversity of its internal community, serving as a primary driver of community diversity succession. The biowindows described in this application are a vital force for vegetation community renewal and co-evolution with the environment, significantly contributing to the dynamic succession and ecological function optimization of vegetation systems. By artificially regulating biowindows, the degradation of aquatic vegetation community diversity can be reversed, promoting healthy succession and providing a significant technical approach for the restoration or reconstruction of aquatic ecosystems. This has significant implications for the healthy restoration of aquatic ecosystems and the improvement of water quality in my country.

[0048] See Figure 1 This application provides a method for restoring the diversity of submerged plants, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1: Obtain the location information of the water area to be repaired, including latitude information;

[0050] S2: Determine the target size of the biological window based on the latitude information;

[0051] S3: Prepare biological windows according to the target size of the biological windows, and arrange the biological windows in the water area so that the biological windows are set in the water area in the form of a single or community;

[0052] S4: Plant submerged plants in the biological window;

[0053] S5: Cultivate the submerged plants according to a preset repair cycle.

[0054] The above-mentioned serial numbers do not constitute a limitation on the implementation steps of this application, but are added only for the convenience of explanation below. For example, step S4 can be implemented after the preparation of the biological window in S3 is completed, that is, after the biological window is prepared, submerged plants are planted first, and then the biological window after planting is laid in the water area. This method of planting can be carried out outside the water and then transported to the corresponding water area, which is efficient and convenient; or step S4 can be implemented after step S3 is completed, that is, after the empty biological window is placed in the water area, plants are planted into the biological window. This direct planting method is conducive to improving the survival rate and ecological adaptability of plants. Different planting depths and densities can be implemented for different crops, which is flexible and targeted, while avoiding the loss during transportation in the pre-planting method.

[0055] In one embodiment provided in this application, determining the target size of the biological window based on the latitude information includes:

[0056] S201: Calculate the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information;

[0057] In aquatic ecological restoration projects, selecting an appropriate biological window size is key to restoring the diversity of submerged plant communities. The reference diameter of the biological window is calculated based on the local geographical latitude and solar altitude, the refractive index of water to light, and the water depth of the water area to be restored.

[0058] S202: When the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed the preset area threshold, determine the area value of the target size of the biological window according to the preset area threshold, and set the target size of the biological window according to the preset area threshold;

[0059] When the reference diameter exceeds a preset distance value, the target size of the biological window is set based on the reference diameter value.

[0060] The above-mentioned reference diameter is defined as follows: when the top of the bio-window is a circle, the reference diameter refers to the radius of the circle; when the top of the bio-window is not a circle, the reference diameter refers to half of the minimum east-west tangent spacing of the top outline of the bio-window.

[0061] In one embodiment provided in this application, step S201, calculating the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information, includes calculating the minimum radius R at which the noon sunlight can illuminate the center position of the bottom of the biological window during the spring and autumn equinoxes at that latitude. (See [link to previous section]). Figure 4 In this embodiment, the biological window is circular, and its radius R is the reference diameter; the formula for calculating the distance R is:

[0062]

[0063] Where D represents the depth of the water; n1 represents the refractive index of light in air; n2 represents the refractive index of light in water; φ0 represents the geographical latitude of the point where the sun is directly overhead; and φ1 represents the local geographical latitude.

[0064] Specifically, in step S202, when the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed a preset area threshold, the area value of the target size of the biological window is determined according to the preset area threshold, and the target size of the biological window is set according to the preset area threshold. Taking shallow water as an example, when the calculated minimum radius R of the biological window is too small, and the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed the preset area threshold, for example, not exceeding 3m... 2 Then, the preset area threshold for the biological window is set to 3m. 2 Based on this threshold, the design area of ​​the biological window is set to be ≥3m². 2 .

[0065] In one embodiment provided in this application, considering the convenience and economy of constructing the biological window, the maximum reference diameter of the biological window is set to 3 times the water depth.

[0066] In one embodiment provided in this application, the cylindrical height of the biological window satisfies the following formula:

[0067] H = D + h + m

[0068] Where H represents the height of the biological window tube, D represents the depth of the water area, h represents the height of the top of the biological window above the water surface during the high-water season, and m is the depth of insertion into the mud.

[0069] In the above formula, the height H of the biological window is determined by the depth D of the water area. The top is slightly higher than the water depth during the high-water season of the water area involved in the project. There should be no gap between the bottom and the bottom sediment of the water area, and it should be inserted into the sediment. Therefore, the range of the height h of the top of the biological window above the water surface during the high-water season is set to be 10-15cm, and the range of the depth m of the bottom of the biological window inserted into the sediment is 10-15cm.

[0070] In one embodiment provided in this application, step S3, which involves preparing the biological window according to the target size of the biological window and distributing the biological windows in the water area, such that the biological windows are arranged individually or in clusters in the water area, includes...

[0071] S301: Based on the preset area threshold or reference diameter value, and combined with the projection shape of the biological window, set the target size of the biological window, wherein the target size of the biological window includes the perimeter of the biological window;

[0072] S302: Prepare the biological window according to the target size of the biological window, and deploy the biological window in the water area in a set pattern.

[0073] In one embodiment provided in this application, the set style is in a triangular group, see [link to application]. Figure 5 Based on the size of the water area, set up one or more triangular groups;

[0074] The triangular group includes three biological windows, which are arranged in an equilateral triangle. The distance 'a' between the boundaries of two adjacent biological windows is equal to the diameter 'd' of one biological window.

[0075] When the multiple triangular groups are clustered together, at least three triangular groups still adopt an equilateral triangular triangular structure, wherein the distance b between two adjacent triangular groups is equal to the boundary length c of a triangular group.

[0076] In one embodiment provided in this application, the total area of ​​all biological windows is set based on the total area of ​​the water body to be restored, the number of species categories, and the biomass density. For example, in areas with a high biomass density (e.g., reaching 8 kg / m³), the total area is determined. 2 For single-species restoration areas, the ratio of the total area of ​​all biological windows to the total area of ​​the restoration area is set to ≥5%.

[0077] This application also provides a biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2The bio-window includes an upper frame 1, a lower frame 2, a column 3, and a protective net 6. The upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 are connected by the column 3 to form a frame structure, and the protective net 6 is installed on the side of the frame structure for enclosure. Thus, the bio-window presents a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom and mesh enclosures on the side walls. Furthermore, the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 can be the same size or different sizes, and can have the same shape or different shapes. That is, the bio-window only presents a basic cylindrical structure, but its upper and lower frames can be set according to the plants to be planted and the required ecological environment. For example, for light-loving plants, a bio-window that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom can be used; for light-averse plants, a bio-window that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom can be used. Of course, a cylindrical bio-window with consistent top and bottom shape can also be used.

[0078] Furthermore, the walls of the bio-window can be tightly enclosed with a 10mm aperture net 6 to control large predatory fish from entering the bio-window. The net 6 is fixed to the structural members of the wall using wire, cable ties, or thin rope. The net 6 is made of nylon, polyethylene, or a composite fiber material of both. This method controls large predatory fish, preventing damage to the plants within the bio-window, while allowing small and micro-organisms to enter, thus ensuring the bio-window's adaptability and ecological balance in the restored water area.

[0079] In one embodiment provided in this application, the protective netting 6 can be made of transparent material to allow natural sunlight to penetrate, maximizing the simulation of natural forms and avoiding the impact of sunlight on the ecology inside the biological window.

[0080] Furthermore, the shapes of the upper border 1 and the lower border 2 can be circular, elliptical, or any shape adapted to the natural site conditions (see appendix). Figure 3 (a, b, c).

[0081] In one embodiment provided in this application, the bio-window further includes a fixing rod 4 and an inclined support structure 5; the fixing rod 4 is connected between the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 to reinforce the frame structure; the inclined support structure 5 is disposed on the outside of the frame structure to support the frame structure.

[0082] The upper frame 1, lower frame 2, column 3, fixing rod 4 and diagonal support structure 5 are rods, which can be made of steel pipe or bamboo and wood. The rods are pluggable and can be connected by two-way or three-way connectors to facilitate on-site assembly and removal after aquatic plant diversity restoration.

[0083] Example

[0084] Taking a certain body of water as an example, an experimental project for the restoration of submerged plant diversity was carried out using the method and apparatus provided in this application, which was dominated by the biowindow technology of this application.

[0085] Basic conditions of the test area: Geographical latitude, 38.8 degrees north latitude. Water depth 1.5m, transparency 1.7 meters, COD 26mg / l, TP 0.43mg / l, TN 1.5mg / l. The total area of the restoration area is 10,000m 2 . Before restoration, the main submerged plants were Potamogeton crispus and a small amount of Ceratophyllum demersum and Chara sp., belonging to a dense single-species community of Potamogeton crispus, with a fresh weight biomass of up to 13kg / m 2 , and the ecological balance of plant diversity was disrupted. The entire restoration area was isolated by enclosures.

[0086] Restoration measures: According to the local geographical latitude, the reference diameter of the biological window is calculated to be 0.8m. In this embodiment, a circular biological window is adopted, and the minimum radius of the circle is 0.8m. Since the area of the circle corresponding to this radius is 2m 2 , which does not exceed the preset area threshold. Based on the preset area threshold of 3m 2 , the area value of the target size of the biological window is determined, and the designed area is set to 9πm 2 . According to this area, the target size of the biological window is calculated, that is, the radius is 3m and the circumference is 6πm. Then, rods of the corresponding length can be selected for production. Exemplarily, the skeleton rods are galvanized pipes with a diameter of 32mm, and the enclosure net is a nylon net with a pore size of 10mm. 18 biological windows are arranged in a "pin" - shaped agglomerated layout, forming 6 "pin" - shaped groups. The total area of the biological windows is 508.68m 2 , accounting for 5.08% of the total area of the restoration area. Before planting submerged plants in the biological windows, the original Potamogeton crispus was removed. The submerged plants planted in the biological windows are: Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton malaianus, and Hydrilla verticillata, a total of 4 species. Each biological window is planted with one kind of submerged plant, and the 3 biological windows in a small "pin" - shaped group structure are planted with different species respectively. The planting density of all 4 species of submerged plants is 50 buds / m 2 , with a planting design of 10 buds / clump.

[0087] Situation after restoration: The restoration time is 2 plant growth cycles. At the beginning of the restoration area, there were only 3 species of plants, Potamogeton crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Chara sp., and the Shannon diversity index was 0.39. At the end, there were 7 species of plants in the restoration area, Potamogeton crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum, Chara sp., Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton malaianus, and Hydrilla verticillata, and the Shannon diversity index was 1.81. Refer to Appendix 1 - Comparison table of biological species and proportions before and after restoration.

[0088] Table 1 Comparison table of biological species and proportions before and after restoration

[0089]

[0090] As shown in Table 1 above, before restoration, there was an excessive amount of *Potamogeton crispus* within the biological window, indicating a high degree of plant monotypicity. After restoration, the content of other plants increased, while the content of *Potamogeton crispus* decreased to a balanced level. The species biomass structure was optimized after restoration, and the level of aquatic plant diversity was significantly improved.

[0091] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0092] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for restoring the diversity of submerged plants, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the location information of the water area to be restored, including latitude information; The target size of the biological window is determined based on the latitude information; Biological windows are prepared according to the target size of the biological windows, and the biological windows are deployed in the water area in a set pattern, so that the biological windows are set in the water area in the form of a single or a community. Submerged plants were planted within the biological window; The submerged plants are cultivated according to a preset repair cycle; The step of determining the target size of the biological window based on the latitude information includes, The reference diameter of the biological window is calculated based on the latitude information; the biological window is a cylindrical structure with consistent top and bottom, and the top of the biological window is a circle, with the reference diameter referring to the radius of the circle; When the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed the preset area threshold, the area value of the target size of the biological window is determined according to the preset area threshold, and the target size of the biological window is set according to the preset area threshold; When the area value corresponding to the reference diameter exceeds the preset area threshold, the target size of the biological window is set based on the reference diameter value; The step of calculating the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information includes calculating the minimum radius R at which the midday sun can illuminate the center position of the bottom of the biological window during the spring and autumn equinoxes at the latitude, where radius R is the reference diameter; the formula for calculating radius R is: , Where D represents the depth of the water; n1 represents the refractive index of light in air; n2 represents the refractive index of light in water; φ0 represents the geographical latitude of the point where the sun is directly overhead; and φ1 represents the local geographical latitude.

2. The method for restoring submerged plant diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum value of the reference diameter of the biological window is set to 3 times the water depth.

3. The method for restoring submerged plant diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical height of the biological window satisfies the following formula. H = D + h + m Wherein, H represents the height of the biological window tube, D represents the depth of the water area, h represents the height of the top of the biological window above the water surface during the high-water season, and m is the depth of insertion into the mud; the range of h is 10~15 cm, and the range of m is 10~15 cm.

4. The method for restoring submerged plant diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The community forms a triangular group, and one or more triangular groups are set up according to the size of the water area; The triangular group includes three biological windows, which are arranged in an equilateral triangle. The distance 'a' between the boundaries of two adjacent biological windows is equal to the diameter 'd' of one biological window. When the multiple triangular groups are clustered together, at least three triangular groups still adopt an equilateral triangular triangular structure, wherein the distance b between two adjacent triangular groups is equal to the boundary length c of a triangular group.

5. The method for restoring submerged plant diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total area of ​​all biological windows is determined based on the total area of ​​the water body to be restored, the number of species, and the biomass density.

6. A biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity, characterized in that, The biological window includes an upper frame (1), a lower frame (2), a column (3), and a protective net (6). The upper frame (1) and the lower frame (2) are connected by the column (3) to form a frame structure. The frame structure is surrounded by a protective net (6). The target size of the biological window is determined in the following way. Obtain the location information of the water area to be restored, including latitude information; Determining the target size of the biological window based on the latitude information includes calculating the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information; the biological window is a cylindrical structure with consistent top and bottom, the top of the biological window is a circle, and the reference diameter refers to the radius of the circle; When the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed the preset area threshold, the area value of the target size of the biological window is determined according to the preset area threshold, and the target size of the biological window is set according to the preset area threshold; When the area value corresponding to the reference diameter exceeds the preset area threshold, the target size of the biological window is set based on the reference diameter value; The step of calculating the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information includes calculating the minimum radius R at which the midday sun can illuminate the center position of the bottom of the biological window during the spring and autumn equinoxes at the latitude, where radius R is the reference diameter; the formula for calculating radius R is: , Where D represents the depth of the water; n1 represents the refractive index of light in air; n2 represents the refractive index of light in water; φ0 represents the geographical latitude of the point where the sun is directly overhead; and φ1 represents the local geographical latitude.

7. A biowindow for submerged plant diversity restoration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bio-window also includes a fixing rod (4) and an inclined support structure (5); the fixing rod (4) is connected between the upper frame (1) and the lower frame (2) to reinforce the frame structure; the inclined support structure (5) is located on the outside of the frame structure to support the frame structure; The upper frame (1), lower frame (2), column (3), fixing rod (4) and diagonal support structure (5) are rods, and the rods are pluggable.

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